@article {9929, title = {4-H Club Work; results of a study on interests of young women}, year = {n.d.}, note = {

published prior to 1936, listed on page 24 of\  \"Bibliography on Extension Research\",\ Miscellaneous Extension Publication\ no.27, March 1936

}, pages = {11 pp.}, institution = {Ohio Agricultural College}, address = {Columbus, OH}, author = {Hulda Elizabeth Horst} } @booklet {6936, title = {Impact of 4-H volunteer management program on volunteer satisfaction and youth engagement in core experiences}, year = {n.d.}, abstract = {

Two year study identified needs of volunteers and the corresponding impact on volunteer satisfaction and implementation of core experiences with 4-H club members once the identified needs were addressed. Findings revealed that volunteers are more satisfied and club members are more engaged in core experiences.

}, author = {Donna Carter} } @mastersthesis {9998, title = {Exploration of Current and Potential Resources to Support Florida 4-H Volunteers}, volume = {Doctoral}, year = {2022}, month = {2022}, school = {Florida State University}, type = {Doctoral}, url = {https://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu\%3A826727/}, author = {Dillard, Julie P} } @article {10034, title = {Exploring Public Speaking Self-Efficacy in the 4-H Presentation Program}, journal = {The Journal of Extension}, volume = {60}, year = {2022}, month = {2022/12/19/}, isbn = {1077-5315}, url = {https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol60/iss4/12}, author = {Marshall-Wheeler, Nicole and Meng, Yu and Worker, Steven} } @mastersthesis {10020, title = {Improving Food Safe Recipe Research and Training: Creating Recipes with Food Safety in Mind}, volume = {Bachelors}, year = {2022}, month = {2022}, school = {Pennsylvania State University}, url = {https://honors.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/7843akp5549}, author = {Palucki, Alexis} } @mastersthesis {10031, title = {Towards culturally relevant 4-H agriculture programming for urban youth: Identifying potential design principles and outcomes}, volume = {Masters}, year = {2022}, month = {2022}, school = {Virginia Tech}, abstract = {

Historical context of African Americans within agriculture has produced negative perceptions of agriculture within African American populations today. Furthermore, many minority youth who reside in urban areas are disconnected from agriculture because of lack of access, limiting contact to food production systems to consumption. In rural areas that are dedicated to agriculture and farming, youth can witness agricultural principles daily and many of them have lived experiences with agriculture. Non-formal educational programming such as 4-H is beneficial for exposing and including urban youth into agricultural educational programming. 4-H programs can connect with schools, after school programs and other youth organizations in urban areas to reach youth but the needs of this audience must be attended to. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand design principles that can be beneficial in increasing urban youth participation in 4-H agricultural programming while also utilizing culturally relevant pedagogy facets within 4-H programming. Seven 4-H agents were interviewed with individual and focus group interviews. Descriptive coding, in-vivo coding, and value coding methods were utilized during first cycle coding. Literature from Gloria Ladson-Billing\&$\#$39;s theory of culturally relevant pedagogy (CRP) was utilized to frame the research questions, a priori table, and interview guides in the study. Findings from the study indicated that CRP facets were emerging in 4-H programming and within 4-H agents. Although, CRP facets are emergent, design principles for 4-H programs must be developed to ensure issues such as equity, diversity, and inclusion is represented throughout all 4-H programs.

}, url = {https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/108322}, author = {Wilson, Jordan Latrice} } @mastersthesis {10017, title = {An examination of the relationship between personality traits and servant leadership in youth in the 4-H Program}, volume = {Doctoral}, year = {2021}, month = {2021}, school = {Our Lady of the Lake University}, url = {https://ollusa.on.worldcat.org/oclc/1331578084}, author = {Valdez, Andr{\'e}a} } @mastersthesis {10028, title = {The Influence of Participating in Livestock Projects on 4-H Developmental Outcomes Among Pima County Senior 4-H Members As Perceived by Their Parents}, volume = {Masters}, year = {2021}, month = {2021}, school = {The University of Arizona.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to describe the influence of participating in livestock projects on 4-H developmental outcomes among senior Pima county 4-H members in the last four years as perceived by the member\’s parents. The study also sought out to, compare these outcomes among the different livestock species (Beef, Goat/Sheep and Swine. An electronic questionnaire was sent out and 54 respondents were analyzed to reach the findings. Participants were asked questions about the perceived developmental outcomes their children gained from their time in a 4-H livestock project using the Thriving Model to generate questions to gauge these outcomes. The data shared that there is little difference when looking at developmental outcomes comparing species, however all species were very influential on these developmental outcomes as perceived by participants parents. It is recommended to continue supporting these projects and making them widely accessible for all youth who wish to participate in them.

}, url = {https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/663211}, author = {Gilbert, Autumn} } @mastersthesis {10029, title = {The public service motivation of Kentucky 4-H youth development agents}, volume = {Doctoral}, year = {2021}, month = {2021}, school = {University of Kentucky}, url = {https://uknowledge.uky.edu/edsc_etds/84}, author = {Leger, Kimberly Adams} } @article {10036, title = {4-H International Visitor Exchange Programming Barriers, Challenges, and Alternatives}, journal = {The Journal of Extension}, volume = {58}, year = {2020}, month = {2020/04/01/}, isbn = {1077-5315}, url = {https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol58/iss2/23}, author = {Jayaratne, K. and Collins, Daniel} } @mastersthesis {9995, title = {4-H Youth Leaders: Acquisition of Leadership Skills Based on Perceived Influence}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2020}, school = {University of Southern Maine}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, keywords = {4-H clubs, {\'E}tude et enseignement, Maine. Clubs 4-H, Maine. Leadership, Study and teaching, Study and teaching. 4-H clubs. Genre/Form: Academic theses. Academic Dissertation Academic theses. Th{\`e}ses et {\'e}crits acad{\'e}miques}, url = {https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/etd/385/}, author = {Gray, Cathy Bartlett} } @mastersthesis {9953, title = {Best Practice Recommendations for Risk Management of 4-H Volunteers}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2020}, month = {2020}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Doctoral }, address = {Athens, GA}, abstract = {

The primary purpose of this research was to determine what 4-H Volunteer Leader risk management policies and procedures should be recommended as best practice recommendations to 4-H Programs across the United States.Two studies were utilized in the research. To determine the importance of 4-H Volunteer Leaders and 4-H Volunteer Leader risk management policies and procedures to a successful 4-H Program, a five-round Delphi study that used simple grouping, ranking, and a five-point Likert scale was conducted. The survey audience consisted of 4-H Agents and Educators from across the country who were identified by their State 4-H Leader as having a successful 4-H Program. There was a total of 47 people or 50\% of the original group from 17 states who participated in all five rounds of the study. The data showed 4-H Volunteer Leaders rank as the most important asset and background screening ranked as the most important 4-H Volunteer Leader policy or procedure necessary to a successful 4-H Program.The second survey consisted of two qualitative and 36 quantitative questions. The survey audience was made up of 4-H Volunteer Leader Specialists and State 4-H Leaders from all 50 states. The group was asked to identify the reason for the heightened awareness and concern for 4-H Volunteer Leader risk management policies and procedures, the 4-H Volunteer Leader risk management policies and procedures currently in place in their states, and what policies and procedures they would like to see changed.All 50 states or 100\% of the survey audience completed the questionnaire, confirming the need for the study. The majority of the group attributed the heightened awareness to occurrences of abuse by adults and volunteers in other youth organizations and institutions. From the policies and procedures identified as being followed in a majority of 4-H Programs across the country and from recommendations of changes in current policies, a total of fifteen best practice recommendations were identified in the research. These recommendations will be presented to 4-H Programs nationwide in hopes to not only protect the 4-H Program, but more importantly, better protect the youth they serve.

}, keywords = {4-H Club, Education policy, Risk Management, Screening, Social research, Volunteers, Youth}, url = {https://esploro.libs.uga.edu/esploro/outputs/9949366055502959}, author = {Parker, Alton Leonard} } @article {10035, title = {Debunking the Myth That Technology Is a Barrier for Volunteer Training Delivery}, journal = {The Journal of Extension}, volume = {58}, year = {2020}, month = {2020/02/01/}, isbn = {1077-5315}, url = {https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol58/iss1/14}, author = {Dorn, Sheri and Hobbs, Keri} } @article {10041, title = {Dr. Patricia A. Hendricks and the Targeting Life Skills Model: An Oral History}, journal = {The Journal of Extension}, volume = {58}, year = {2020}, month = {2020/12/01/}, isbn = {1077-5315}, url = {https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol58/iss6/10}, author = {White, David and Williver, S. and Andress, Shannon and Stuhr, Tammy} } @mastersthesis {10019, title = {Effects of 4-H youths{\textquoteright} prosocial development on academic achievement in north Florida counties | uwf.digital.flvc.org}, volume = {Doctoral}, year = {2020}, month = {2020}, school = {University of West Florida}, url = {https://uwf.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/uwf\%3A60044}, author = {Hancock, Emily Baxter} } @article {10039, title = {Evaluating Common Measures 2.0 in 4-H: Intra- and Interpersonal Skills Predict Engaged Citizenship}, journal = {The Journal of Extension}, volume = {58}, year = {2020}, month = {2020/10/01/}, isbn = {1077-5315}, url = {https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol58/iss5/14}, author = {Kavanaugh, Shane and Allen, Brenda} } @article {10037, title = {Evaluation of Juntos 4-H: A Wraparound Program Helping Latinx High Schoolers Succeed}, journal = {The Journal of Extension}, volume = {58}, year = {2020}, month = {2020/04/01/}, isbn = {1077-5315}, url = {https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol58/iss2/15}, author = {Behnke, Andrew and Urieta, Diana and Duan, Siyu and Lewis, Zach} } @mastersthesis {10027, title = {The Influence of 4-H Instructor Beliefs on Their Teaching of Animal Food Production to Youth Populations}, volume = {Masters}, year = {2020}, month = {2020}, abstract = {

Agricultural literacy education initiatives are more essential than ever to tackle emergent local, national, and global challenges related to agriculture and food production (Trexler, 2000). Current societal issues, both in and beyond agriculture, require individuals to develop a complex understanding of the agri-food system and the skills necessary to engage in critical conversations (Trexler, 2000). Despite the need for agriculturally literate youth, recent studies indicate that their knowledge of the agriculture industry is limited and underdeveloped (Hess \& Trexler, 2011a; Kovar \& Ball, 2013). The purpose of this study is to explore how the personal beliefs of 4-H instructors influence their teaching of animal food production to 4-H youth populations in the non-formal teaching setting within a specific southwestern state. The conceptual framework used to guide this study was derived from the work of Martin and Enns (2017) on agricultural ideologies. Martin and Enns (2017) highlight two specific ideologies within the agriculture industry that can be used to identify general beliefs about agriculture- agrarian populist and neo-agrarian. The theoretical framework that guided this study was derived from the work of Jones and Carter (2007) who developed the sociocultural model of embedded belief systems to explain how the belief systems of science teachers impacted their teaching of the subject. The previous agriculture ideologies from Martin and Enns (2017) can be used in conjunction with the sociocultural model of embedded belief systems to explain how the personal beliefs of 4-H instructors influences their teaching of animal food production to youth populations. I used in-depth, semi-structured participant interviews as the data source for my study. Interviews were chosen to allow participants to communicate their own lived experiences and to elicit the internal construct of beliefs (Moustakas, 1994). Five main themes emerged from the data that served as the basis for my findings including: (1) agricultural beliefs of 4-H instructors largely align with agrarian populist ideology, (2) lack of 4-H curriculum to teach animal food production, (3) beliefs of 4-H instructors served as a central driver in how content was taught and assessed, (4) context of the community impacted 4-H instructors strategies for teaching animal food production, and (5) animal food production ultimately taught as raising animals for fair projects. These five themes were closely related and interact with each other, ultimately guiding instructional decisions of 4-H instructors in the study. The underlying essence of the phenomenon was the fear and anxiety present in all aspects of teaching animal food production and the perceived consequences of how the content was being taught on the agricultural literacy of youth. Fear was driven by factors related to beliefs whether it was the participants own beliefs or other individuals\’ beliefs that impacted instruction.

}, url = {https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/648610}, author = {Jarvis, Shauni Lynne} } @article {10040, title = {National 4-H Hippology and Livestock Skillathon Contests Affect Knowledge and Skills}, journal = {The Journal of Extension}, volume = {58}, year = {2020}, month = {2020/10/01/}, isbn = {1077-5315}, url = {https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol58/iss5/20}, author = {Tomoson, Savanna and Nold, Rosemarie} } @mastersthesis {10024, title = {Queering PYD- Queer Youths{\textquoteright} Experiences with Positive Youth Development Theory (PYD) in the Kentucky 4-H Program}, volume = {Doctoral}, year = {2020}, month = {2020}, pages = {142}, school = {Northern Kentucky University}, address = {United States -- Kentucky}, abstract = {

This research is written with no beginning, middle, or end. The content is split into four stories that are equivalent to five chapters in a traditional dissertation and placed in relation to the definitions of belonging, independence, generosity and mastery. I have chosen this approach as a way of truly exploring and embodying this work at the intersection of Queer Theory (Jagose,1997) and action research (Herr \& Anderson, 2014). It also honors the Indigenous knowledge that positive youth development (PYD) (White, Scanga, \& Weybright, 2018) is built on (Brendtro, Brokenleg, \& Van Bockern, 2019).Within Queer Theory lives the qualitative method of Queer Witnessing. In this methodology, knowledge and research are presented as collective stories that are past, present, and future all at once (McCormack, 2014), inviting folx to engage in this research as if it included their own stories. Gray, Johnson, and Gilley (2016) even argue that knowledge can only be truly understood and felt when a story is told from the perspective of those individuals on the margins. This collective presentation of stories and the process as part of Queer Witnessing mean my own stories are woven into the stories shared, and the language of the dissertation is collective as a reflection as such. This concept of past, present and future being intertwined is known as Queer Time (McCormack, 2014); it is the idea that you can choose to begin by reading any of the four stories and end with any of the four stories. This is a truly Queer dissertation, and so you do not receive all the information in the linear format you have grown to expect in academic writing. The discomfort of the unknown is part of the process of learning from the lived experiences of Queer Folx.The other component of Queer Witnessing is the act of witnessing itself. As the person sharing this story, I am a witness to a story I do not own, but I must ethically share it such that others can have a multisensory experience with the story (McCormack, 2014). This methodology was based on engaging in interviews with folx and putting the stories collected at the forefront of the research (Butler, 2004). By doing so, the experiences of the participants are put first and the \“academic knowledge\” second. It is a practice that values the experiences of Queer Folx over academic information.This storytelling approach to research challenges one to be undone as an individual and remade into part of the collective story. It is impossible to tell a Queer story unless you allow yourself to be part of the collective, as we are all part of the story, and it is not any individual\’s story but a story that belongs to all Queer Folx. As a practice in Queer Time with its focus on the perpetual present, this is a story of our collective past, present and future. I am undone as an individual to become part of the whole story \– a process that requires a great deal of vulnerability, honesty, and the laying bare of my own fears as I moved with Queer Folx through this work.We collectively share these stories through my writings. As such, I am intertwined in this work and my own reflective journaling finds a life within the stories shared. As they relate to the perpetual present that exists in Queer Time, my own reflections are included as quotes within the work. I attribute these quotes to myself to provide clarity to you, the reader, that I (Ike), through the process of being undone have become part of this work. The inclusion of self is contrary to the heteronormative approach to research, and it is intentional. A process that lives in Queer Witnessing and observes Queer Time must also reject heteronormative structures that seek to limit, confine, and marginalize the experience of Queer Folx as they navigate a hostile world.The research question appears in each story. The results of this research are the stories told by Queer Folx about their experience with PYD in Kentucky 4-H, coded and presented in chunks as they relate to the four over-arching principles of 4-H: belonging, independence, generosity and mastery (White et al., 2018). These four parts were selected because they are considered the essential elements of 4-H (White et al., 2018). These essential elements were adopted by 4-H from the Circle of Courage, a term used by the authors of Reclaiming Youth at Risk: Our Hope For the Future (Brendtro, Brokenleg, \& Van Bockern, 2002) when describing Indigenous childrearing practices and the resiliency of Indigenous youth. The concepts outlined in the Circle of Courage were generally adapted for supporting at-risk youth and specifically adopted by the national 4-H program for the overall development of all youth. The root of this knowledge being Indigenous for me means that it is impossible to do this study without honoring that root.Each section seeks to share part of the story of Queer youth in the Kentucky 4-H program as part of the whole story of PYD. None of these stories can start or be complete without reading the others; they do not flow from one story into the other so much as exist before, after, in and around each other, creating the larger whole. As Indigenous knowledge tells us, we exist at the center of the Circle of Courage as it expands out in each direction (Brendtro et al., 2019). This dissertation mirrors this concept as well. Consider yourself existing at the center of the dissertation, with each section extending out in different directions, fully encircling you as you experience the story of PYD for Queer youth. A traditional second chapter contains a full literature review. The nonlinear format demands that the literature review be broken apart and woven into the sections as it applies to what is being presented. This nonlinear format also demands that the references to academic work appear at the end of each story, giving you the opportunity to start or end with any story you choose, while decentering the academic work by always placing the references after the Queer experiences, always in the background as support for Queer Folx, while not binding them to heteronormative expectations of linear time and format.I chose to place an honoring, definition, and experience of Queer Folx at the beginning of each story. This layout centers the experience of Queer Folx and provides an anchor point for readers, signaling that the beginning of any story could be a starting point (McCormack, 2009).I have placed the academic work and implications for 4-H in the four stories based on the stories of Queer Folx that were shared with me. Each story contains different aspects of the academic work, and implications placed there because it aligns with the Queer definition of belonging, independence, generosity or mastery. While you can receive parts of the work in any story to receive all the wisdom of both these Queer Folx and the works that have come before, you have to read the complete story of PYD for Queer Folx.Within the story of belonging, I placed the definition and story of belonging given to me by Queer Folx, and the section named is \“How we belong,\” which is an examination of how Queer Folx create and experience belonging within 4-H and what the organization can learn from these individuals. It is followed by the history and connection between PYD, 4-H and the Circle of Courage to show how the three are tied together in a way that cannot be divorced or examined separately and to show why the experience of Queer Folx belongs in the larger story of PYD. The section I call \“Choices in Words\” is found in this story because of my effort to use inclusive language and remove oppressive language. This approach is intended to both center Queer experiences and create a space that is inclusive of all those who are in the margins (Barker \& Scheele, 2016). The next section that exists in the story of belonging is \“My belonging and undoing,\” which is followed by sections called the \“Statement of the Problem and the Research Question\”. These two sections reinforce the belonging of Queer experiences in the story of PYD. The last section lists the references that support the wisdom of Queer Folx in the story of belonging.The story of independence has six sections beyond the honoring, definition and Queer story. These sections include a section on exerting independence, PYD and Independence, the question I am asking, how I interpret and utilize Queer Theory, my personal reflexivity statement and references. The section called \“Exerting Independence\” examines the patterns that have emerged from the stories of Queer Folx as well as my own experience with this story and methodology. I follow this section by presenting PYD as it relates to independence to provide context for the story being told. The examination of the question I am asking lives within this story because the Queer Folx who gave their story approached this work as an act of independence, as they chose how to interact with their experiences and use them to create a better future for the Queer community as a whole. I have included Queer Theory in this section because it explores my own interpretation and agency (Barker \& Scheele, 2016). The reflectivity statement showcases my own experiences and views and how these affect my approach to research (Capper, 2019), and it will show the connection between myself and the stories through experts of my own reflective journaling. The last section includes the references that support the experiences of Queer Folx in relation to independence.Within the story of generosity, after the honoring, definition and Queer story of generosity, I have sections titled as follows: \“How We Give\”, \“PYD and Generosity,\” \“Queer Witnessing,\” \“Ethical Considerations,\” \“Folx Who Gave Their Story\” and \“References.\” Each section relates to generosity within the context of the Story of PYD of Queer Folx. The section titled \“How We Give\” is an examination of how Queer Folx perceive their responsivity when providing generosity to other Queer Folx in the Kentucky 4-H Program. Meanwhile, \“PYD and Generosity\” provides context for what PYD views as generosity and background for the story shared by Queer Folx. \“Queer Witnessing\” in this story is an exploration of the methodology of Queer Witnessing.The section on ethical considerations is an exploration of my own grappling with being given this story as well as how I give it to others. It also explores the process I went through to appropriately honor the Indigenous knowledge upon which PYD is based. The section that exists in this story is titled \“Those Who Gave Their Story,\” and it outlines the participants who took part in this work and how I connected with them. Lastly, the Resource section provides the resources that support the story of Generosity for Queer Folx.The story that appears last in this dissertation is the story of mastery. After the standard start of honoring Indigenous knowledge, defining the word mastery and exploring Queer stories in PYD, this story includes sections titled \“How We Can Do Better,\” \“PYD and Mastery,\” \“After the shift,\” \“Storytelling,\” \“Interview Questions,\” \“Journaling,\” \“Positioning of you, the reader,\” \“Mastery within PYD,\” \“Connection to Action Research\” and \“References.\” The section called \“How We Can Do Better\” shares recommendations for improvement from the Queer Folx themselves. In \“PYD and Mastery,\” there is an examination of how PYD perceives and encourages mastery. Within the section titled \“After the shift,\” I explore my own experience with mastering this work through the Queer perspective of mastery. The section titled \“Storytelling\” provides insight into the mechanics of the work, explaining that this was a qualitative study done through the interviewing of seven Queer Folx who completed the Kentucky 4-H program as youth. I used the terms belonging, independence, generosity and mastery as a priori codes to organize the interview responses. This section also addresses the need for member checking. I then provided the interview questions and edits made to the questions as this work unfolded in the section \“Interview questions\” and provide context for your position and approach to reading this work in the section \“Position of you, the reader.\” The section titled \“Mastery within PYD\” explores the way PYD has excluded Queer experiences with efficiency. The next section in this story names a connection between this dissertation and action research. This section points out that the very existence of this dissertation would not be possible without action research. Centering these Folx experiences and presenting their story is a form of research that only exists within this approach. The last section called \“References\” provides the references that support what Queer Folx share as mastery.You will notice that there are sections that repeat themselves in this work in each story. I have chosen to do this because these are parts that not only exist in each story, their absence also makes the story seem incomplete. These sections are intentionally the same to highlight the organic flow of Queer academic work juxtaposed against the often mechanical feel of heteronormative academic work. It is the intent that you read starting from any story and ending with any story. In this same practice, you will find the discussion that comes out of this work in each story and not in its own separate section. The discussion of findings cannot be taken out of the stories and removed from folx who provided the story. For me, doing so would be an act of taking away. In my mind, I perceive it as I do the coal companies in the mountains I call home taking the product of the spaces and labors of people and removing it from those spaces and people and using it for the benefit of others.As I shared earlier, there are some sections that will appear in the stories that align with the Queer definitions given to us and those sections will be after Queer stories are shared. This is notably different from the linear flow of writing. The information that provides justification and logistical details of this work will not be presented to you until you have read the Queer story. Just as Queer Folx must often experience the story before they have context to make sense of it, so must we if we are to truly witness this story. I invite you to cast aside linear time, accept the discomfort of the unknown and embrace the centering of Queerness as you move into this dissertation.

}, keywords = {4-H youth development, Circle of courage, Positive youth development, Queer Theory, Queer witnessing}, url = {https://www.proquest.com/docview/2508987315/abstract/6B3292720739477APQ/1}, author = {Hilpp, Ike} } @article {10038, title = {Sense of Belonging as Perceived by Youths Who Continue Participation in 4-H}, journal = {The Journal of Extension}, volume = {58}, year = {2020}, month = {2020/06/01/}, isbn = {1077-5315}, url = {https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol58/iss3/19}, author = {DeCubellis, Chris and Barrick, Kirby} } @mastersthesis {10025, title = {Stakeholder Expectations of County Extension Agents in Texas}, volume = {Doctoral}, year = {2020}, month = {2020}, school = {West Texas A\&M University}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to determine if differences exist in the way stakeholder groups perceive job tasks county extension agents routinely perform. The study also sought to determine the presence or absence of role conflict and role ambiguity among county extension agents and their relationship to work and personal characteristics. The study consisted of an online or paper survey instrument distributed to county extension agents, extension administrators, and county judges and commissioners.Findings revealed differences between groups related to the level of importance placed upon certain tasks. Differences were greatest for tasks related to 4-H and youth development, where judges and commissioners viewed tasks as more important, and for tasks related to family and community health where AgriLife Administrators viewed tasks as more important. While there were fewer differences in tasks related to agriculture and natural resources, where they did occur, AgriLife Administrators tended to view the tasks as more important. Correlational analysis revealed there is a statistically significant relationship between the way county judges and commissioners and the way county extension agents view tasks related to 4-H and youth development. A strong relationship is also present between AgriLife Administrators and county extension agents, but not between AgriLife administrators and county judges and commissioners, suggesting that county extension agents are working to perform tasks that are important to both groups. The same findings were present for tasks related to agriculture and natural resources. Population size was determined to have less influence in stakeholder response than hypothesized. Role conflict and role ambiguity as determined by level of agreement statements was observed in respondents, albeit at a lower level than hypothesized. Role ambiguity was somewhat influenced by length of employment while role conflict was somewhat influenced by county population size. All agents largely disagreed with work-life balance statements suggesting that work-life balance is an issue the CES needs to address.

}, url = {https://wtamu-ir.tdl.org/handle/11310/265}, author = {Dukes, Brandon K.} } @mastersthesis {10032, title = {Youth Leadership Development: An Ecological Exploration}, volume = {Masters}, year = {2020}, month = {2020}, school = {University of Arizona}, abstract = {

Organizational scholars have described the structure of contemporary organizations using several different models which previously have included industrial or economic frameworks. In this article, I utilized the concepts of an organizational ecosystem and Bourdieu\&$\#$39;s forms of capital to guide a case study of the formation of a 4-H Club in an urban setting: the Barrio Santa Cruz neighborhood in Tucson, Arizona. The processes involved in the accumulation and exchange of capital between community leaders, Cooperative Extension agents, 4-H parents, and 4-H volunteers are illustrated. Recommendations for establishing and building neighborhood partnerships include promoting exchange of capital, encouraging community driven efforts, and identifying and collaborating with community volunteers.

}, url = {https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/645772}, author = {Sims, Christina} } @article {10051, title = {4-H Health Ambassador Programs: A Survey of Organizational and Programmatic Aspects}, journal = {The Journal of Extension}, volume = {57}, year = {2019}, month = {2019/02/01/}, isbn = {1077-5315}, url = {https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol57/iss1/16}, author = {Ferrari, Theresa} } @mastersthesis {9963, title = {Assessment of recruiting methods to enhance poultry science undergraduate programs}, year = {2019}, month = {2019}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Doctoral }, address = {MS}, abstract = {

Recruitment efforts are important in a college setting. With only six remaining poultry science departments, they specifically need recruitment to help meet extreme demands for students by the industry. However, little is known about which recruitment efforts are effective or if poultry science majors prefer specific recruitment methods. Chapter II of this dissertation is an assessment of current recruitment practices and enrollment of the six poultry science departments in the U.S. Results revealed that all departments currently have recruitment programs and differences were observed within each. Some were in the budget, time spent recruiting, amount of faculty dedicated to recruitment efforts, and activities utilized in recruitment efforts. Chapter III of the dissertation was a comparison of recruitment programs with student numbers, graduation rates, and student satisfaction. This study was conducted in an attempt to understand which recruitment practices work for a given poultry science department and which department, if any, could benefit from a change. Departments with low enrollment counts had variations in recruitment practices when compared to other departments with higher enrollment counts, such as their perceived effectiveness of FFA national convention, direct mailing and brochures, and hosting 4-H and FFA poultry activities. In Chapter IV, a survey was conducted to determine the influence of factors on student choice among poultry science students. This study determined that conversations with a poultry faculty member or department representative, campus student activities, cost (consist of tuition, room, and board), scholarships, preparation for employment, job opportunities, and high school agriculture teachers were the most influential factors for poultry science students in the decision to major in poultry science. Collectively, these three studies reveal that conversations with prospective students, including campus tours where these conversations can occur, should be utilized. Scholarships, cost, and employment opportunities are also very important to students. Additionally, poultry science department personnel should target FFA events and/or 4-H programs as recruitment opportunities. Other efforts could be used to raise awareness about a poultry science department or poultry science as a major, in general, but might not be effective in recruiting students to a specific department.

}, url = {https://hdl.handle.net/11668/21006}, author = {Wells, Jessica Benoit} } @mastersthesis {9962, title = {Demographics, impacts, \& motivations of Michigan 4-h horse judges}, year = {2019}, month = {2019}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {East Lansing, MI}, abstract = {

The horse industry is a thriving, diverse industry with many breeds, disciplines, and levels of competition. Horse judges are a focal point of horse shows, given that their opinions are central to the competitive activity. There is very little known about horse judges, although, a survey done by Skelly et al. (2005) at an equine extension workshop found only 4\% of respondents were comfortable with the current state of horse show ethics and 70\% of respondents felt it was the judges\&$\#$39; responsibility to uphold ethics at horses shows, showing dissatisfaction with judges. The Michigan 4-H Horse Judges survey was developed with the aims of identifying demographic information, motivations for becoming a horse judge, and how judges gained their horse judging skills. The results showed that the current average age of surveyed judges was 48.6 years, with a range from 23 to 81. Respondents identified judging an average of 15 shows per year, for a total of 790 shows represented annually (n = 53). Respondents identified primary positive themes of being a 4-H horse judge as the educational atmosphere, meeting people, and personal and professional fulfillment. The top negative themes included negative attitudes, long days, poor weather, and time away from family. Respondents also identified their motivations for becoming judges as giving back, helping others, and working with horses and youth; all of which may enhance the quality of life of judges and exhibitors. This information is important as it informs both the literature for future research on the horse judging experience, as well as the impacts of 4-H horse judging activities.

}, url = {https://doi.org/10.25335/enpj-8a91}, author = {Rising, Maria Rose} } @article {10046, title = {Effective Engagement with Latino Youths and Communities}, journal = {The Journal of Extension}, volume = {57}, year = {2019}, month = {2019/04/01/}, isbn = {1077-5315}, url = {https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol57/iss2/18}, author = {Moncloa, Fe and Diaz-Carrasco, Claudia and Hill, Russell and Erbstein, Nancy} } @mastersthesis {9960, title = {Evaluating the impact of agriculture youth organizations on grit}, year = {2019}, month = {2019}, school = {Missouri State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Springfield, MO}, abstract = {

This study examined the relationship between the involvement in high school activities, such as FFA and 4-H, and grit or long-term passion and perseverance. In a quantitative approach, respondents (N=501) completed a survey comprised of the Grit-S Scale to determine their level of grit and a self-reporting section on involvement in high school activities, involvement in FFA, and involvement in 4-H. Correlation analyses were conducted to determine if there was a relationship between individual high school activities, overall high school involvement, involvement in FFA, involvement in 4-H, and an individuals level of grit. Involvement in FFA was found to have a higher positive relationship with grit than any other activity. Independent t-Tests were conducted to determine if a difference in grit existed between those who were involved in FFA compared to those who were not, those involved in 4-H and those who were not, those highly involved in FFA or 4-H compared to those who were lowly involved. Regression Analyses were conducted to determine the influence of various high school activities on grit. The first regression and second models found all three of their individual models to be statistically significant. The third regression found two models to be statistically significant while gender was excluded. The fourth regression found all three models to be statistically significant. Recommendations for further research include conducting the same study with a larger sample of respondents involved in 4-H, conducting it on a larger scale, performing a more longitudinal study of how grit changes over time in an individual, or how organizations teach or build grit to find common themes or practices across organizations.

}, url = {https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses/3418/}, author = {Bishop, Sarah Elizabeth} } @mastersthesis {9971, title = {Exploring the reflective experiences of disadvantaged children in 4-H: a phenomenological study}, year = {2019}, month = {2019}, school = {Liberty University}, type = {Doctoral }, address = {Lynchburg, VA}, abstract = {

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to understand how adults, who grew up as disadvantaged children, were influenced by their experiences in a 4-H program located in rural southern Virginia. The research question central to the study was, How do adults who grew up as disadvantaged children describe their experiences in a local 4-H program within rural southern Virginia? The theory guiding this study was Markus and Nurius (1986) possible selves theory (p. 954). I collected data from 11 participants via interviews, focus groups, and replicas of artifacts. Post data collection, I used preset and in vivo coding to analyze the data and identify major themes using Moustakas modification of the Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen method (Moustakas, 1994). Six major themes emerged from data analysis: (a) 4-H experiences provide exposure to diversity, (b) 4-H participation builds character, (c) 4-H experiences provide a foundation for building life skills; (d) 4-H experiences influence present and future identity, (e) 4-H experiences provide new opportunities, and (f) education is essential to success. Adults, who grew up as disadvantaged children, perceive their experiences in the local 4-H program positively. These experiences creating a lasting impact on participants lives. The studys implications may aid in the continuous improvement of the 4-H program and encourage youth to get involved in the 4-H program.

}, url = {http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/2208/}, author = {Mbaye, Cherise Marcella} } @article {10043, title = {Inclusion of Youths with Disabilities in 4-H: A Scoping Literature Review}, journal = {The Journal of Extension}, volume = {57}, year = {2019}, month = {2019/06/01/}, isbn = {1077-5315}, url = {https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol57/iss3/22}, author = {Taylor-Winney, Jennifer and Xue, Caryn and McNab, Erin and Krahn, Gloria} } @mastersthesis {10021, title = {Louisiana 4-H Agents{\textquoteright} Perceptions of the 4-H Civic Engagement Mission Mandate}, volume = {Masters}, year = {2019}, month = {2019}, school = {Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College}, url = {https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/5001}, author = {Bell, Xavier} } @article {10042, title = {National Survey of Extension 4-H Professionals{\textquoteright} Perceptions of Professional Development Factors}, journal = {The Journal of Extension}, volume = {57}, year = {2019}, month = {2019/02/01/}, isbn = {1077-5315}, url = {https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol57/iss1/27}, author = {Donaldson, Joseph and Gallimore, Lori and Swanson, Doug} } @mastersthesis {9955, title = {Parents in urbanized areas and their perception of 4-H youth development programs}, year = {2019}, month = {2019}, school = {South Dakota State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Brookings, SD}, url = {https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/3161/}, author = {Olson, Matthew Ryan} } @mastersthesis {9958, title = {STEM education in Virginia 4-H: A qualitative exploration of engineering understandings in 4-H STEM educators}, year = {2019}, month = {2019}, school = {Virginia Tech}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Blacksburg, VA}, abstract = {

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education is spurred by an economic and social need for cross-discipline understanding of complex, worldwide problems, made through intentional connections between two or more STEM subject areas. In order for educators to articulate these connections, research suggests they must have a firm understanding of the individual disciplines through both content and pedagogical approaches. In 2007, as a leader in non-formal STEM education, 4-H made a specific commitment to improve STEM literacy in America\&$\#$39;s youth by forming the 4-H Science mission mandate, therefore increasing its STEM programming. This qualitative study examined how 4-H educators come to understand STEM and engineering concepts and utilizations, and whether their backgrounds influence their verbalization or expectations of engineering. Narrative themes emerged that help determine how engineering is currently and can continue to be more clearly and consistently articulated and connected within 4-H programming. Themes included 1) a lack of direct connection or understanding of engineering characteristics to 4-H programs, 2) familiarity with and ability to apply engineering characteristics to the Do Reflect Apply model, and 3) the importance of volunteers as STEM and engineering educators within 4-H programming. Strategies for professional development emphasizing engineering understandings, learning outcomes, and broad applications were discovered. Professional development should consider the effects of engineering and STEM self-efficacy, as well as professional identity development. Additionally, it utilize approaches such as the Do Reflect Apply model, and reflect on the learning objectives 4-H educators strive to achieve during STEM programming in conjunction with life-skills.

}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91442}, author = {Corkins, Chelsea Rose} } @article {10045, title = {Strengthening the 4-H Essential Elements of Positive Youth Development at Camp}, journal = {The Journal of Extension}, volume = {57}, year = {2019}, month = {2019/10/01/}, isbn = {1077-5315}, url = {https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol57/iss5/8}, author = {Wahle, Amanda and Owens, Megan and Garst, Barry} } @article {10044, title = {Using an Innovative Multiple-Methods Approach to Evaluate Extension Conferences}, journal = {The Journal of Extension}, volume = {57}, year = {2019}, month = {2019/04/01/}, isbn = {1077-5315}, url = {https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol57/iss2/22}, author = {Edwards, Harriett and Culp, Ken and Jordan, Jenny} } @article {9983, title = {4-H Community Clubs and the Challenge of Inclusion: The Isleton Experience}, journal = {The Journal of Extension (JOE)}, volume = {56}, year = {2018}, month = {2018}, abstract = {

In California, where 54\% of students in kindergarten through grade 12 are Latino, only 21\% of 4-H community club members fit this demographic. Co

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2018october/iw4.php}, author = {Fabregas Janeiro, Maria G. and Bird, Marianne} } @article {9944, title = {Assessing Results of 4-H Mentoring with Native American First Generation 4-H Youths}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {56}, year = {2018}, month = {06/2018}, pages = {14 pages}, chapter = {2FEA8}, abstract = {

North Dakota State University Extension involvement in the national mentoring program 4-H Youth and Families with Promise.

}, keywords = {mentoring, native american youth}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2018june/a8.php}, author = {Vettern, Rachelle and Flage, Lynette} } @article {10047, title = {Assessing Results of 4-H Mentoring with Native American First-Generation 4-H Youths}, journal = {The Journal of Extension}, volume = {56}, year = {2018}, month = {2018/06/01/}, isbn = {1077-5315}, url = {https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol56/iss3/22}, author = {Vettern, Rachelle and Flage, Lynette} } @article {9973, title = {Building Life Skills and Interest in STEM Through Rural 4-H Robotics Camps}, journal = {Journal of Human Sciences and Extension}, volume = {6}, year = {2018}, month = {2018/02/28/}, abstract = {

Many rural communities are looking for inexpensive and innovative ways to engage youth in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). University Extension 4-H programs offer a unique platform to increase rural youth exposure to STEM and build important life skills. This study employed a mixed-methods approach to examine ways in which 47 youth in five rural robotics day camps grew in targeted 4-H life skills and enthusiasm for science. Campers perceived growth in their decision making and ability to use limited resources during these short day camps. Furthermore, participant observations and responses to open-ended prompts in their \“science notebooks\” provided insight as to potential mechanisms for this growth and behavioral patterns that enhanced the camper experience. We argue that increasing STEM knowledge and skills alone is not sufficient and that future STEM-focused programs should also target life skills such as decision making, teamwork, and communication.

}, keywords = {4-H, life skills, robotics, rural, STEM, Youth Development}, url = {https://www.jhseonline.com/article/view/644}, author = {Sage, Rayna and Vandagriff, Jaymie and Schmidt, Janet} } @article {9974, title = {Designing an International Experience Program for 4-H Members in Louisiana}, journal = {Journal of Human Sciences and Extension}, volume = {6}, year = {2018}, month = {2018/02/28/}, abstract = {

In recent years, the U.S. Cooperative Extension Program (CEP) has worked to develop international exchange programs (IEPs) for 4-H members in some states. However, no such program currently exists in Louisiana. As such, the purpose of this descriptive study was to identify the IEP participation preferences held by 4H members in Louisiana to inform future IEP development and implementation. 4-H members in this study preferred to participate in a short-term IEP during the summer of the 11th grade. Thus, it is recommended that IEP recruitment be geared toward students in the 9th and 10th grades. 4-H members preferred to participate in an IEP located in Europe or Australia/New Zealand. Future research should examine which characteristics of these locations appeal to 4-H members to broaden the appeal of IEPs in other locations. Career related courses and hands-on experience were perceived by 4-H members as important activities to include in the IEP design, whereas staying with a host family was not. Future research should assess whether this finding is specific to members in this study or representative of a national trend that warrants reexamination of the overall design of 4-H IEPs employed by the U.S. CEP.

}, keywords = {4-H members, developmental evaluation, international experience program (IEP)}, url = {https://www.jhseonline.com/article/view/649}, author = {Rampold, Shelli D. and Cater, Melissa and Bunch, J. C.} } @mastersthesis {10007, title = {Developing Active and Engaged Youth Citizens: An Examination of Ethical Factors, Demographics, and Problem-Solving Disposition}, volume = {Doctoral}, year = {2018}, month = {2018}, school = {Virginia Tech}, abstract = {

Thriving youth have the capacity to contribute to greater society and develop independence, mastery, generosity, and a sense of belonging. This development is frequently enhanced through youth programming as ability expansion rather than capacity for authority and community engagement. In Virginia 4-H teen-leadership initiatives infused with positive youth development provide opportunities to bolster active and engaged citizenship (AEC). The purpose of this study was to explain AEC through the examination of ethical factors, demographics, and problem-solving disposition of youth participating in leadership-development programs. This study utilized both person- and variable-centered analyses to develop youth profiles and determine the impact of ethical factors, demographics, and problem-solving disposition on AEC for participants in long-term 4-H teen-leadership programs and short-term 4-H leadership trainings. An ex post facto survey design was used to develop clusters of youth and explain the relationship between problem-solving disposition, demographics, ethical factors, and AEC. The findings indicated that both ethical factors and problem-solving disposition significantly explained AEC for both treatments. Additionally, findings indicated significant differences between clusters for AEC, civic duty, and civic skills. These differences were predominately observed through membership in long-term or short-term leadership programs as well as enrollment in honors/AP courses, gender, ethical views, and problem-solving disposition.Findings informed the incorporation of community problem-solving in the youth\&$\#$39;s AEC model. A conceptual model for Youth in Community Problem Solving (YCPS) was developed based on theory and findings. Sociocultural theory and reasoned actioned approach, situated within relational developmental systems metatheory, provided a foundation for the YCPS model. Additional literature on positive youth development, youth-leadership development, self-consciousness, sense of community, and problem-solving disposition was utilized in support of the model. Evidence for the inclusion of problem-solving disposition in the model was found through a recent study with youth in leadership programs. If youth are to engage in YCPS partnerships, both youth and adults should be equipped with the necessary tools and resources for equal partnership, so they can overcome power dynamics and inner team conflicts. Additionally, Youth leadership practitioners should consider avenues for infusing character and problem-solving development in gender inclusive program curriculum to increase likelihood for contribution.

}, url = {https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/83520}, author = {Bush, Sarah Ann} } @mastersthesis {10011, title = {Exploring Food Waste at a Residential Youth Summer Camp: A Mixed-Methods Approach}, volume = {Masters}, year = {2018}, month = {2018}, school = {Virginia Tech}, abstract = {

Up to 40\% of all edible food is wasted in the United States (U.S.) and a large proportion represents consumer waste. Research on food waste is in its infancy, particularly as it relates to youth. Summer camps offer a unique setting for food-based education, with the opportunity to reach large numbers of youth. This MS thesis describes a study that used a mixed-methods research approach to explore three objectives: 1) assess food waste in a residential 4-H youth summer camp setting; 2) determine if an educational program delivered to youth ages 9-13 years, would reduce food waste; and 3) understand stakeholders\&$\#$39; views about the benefits and barriers to food waste reduction programs in the camp setting. The research team and camp staff developed and adapted food waste activities based on the Experiential Learning Model. Participants attended one of four weekly sessions to raise their awareness about food waste. Consumer and production food waste from three meals (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) was collected over a 24-hour cycle and weighed before and after each weekly program to determine total amount of food wasted (pounds) during each week, average waste/child (pounds), and waste/meal (percentage). Waste was collected using the direct weighing method. Paired t-tests were used to assess differences. Stakeholder interviews (n=6) were conducted with Extension Agents, camp program directors, and camp staffers involved with the program. Inductive thematic analysis was used to determine themes and subthemes. This cross-sectional study included 864 residential campers. Over the course of the four weeks, the cafeteria produced a total amount of 3,182 lbs of food of which, 996.6 lb (30.4\%) was wasted. Total consumer waste for all four weeks before and after the intervention was 76.5 lbs and 57.3 lbs, respectively. Although a decrease in consumer food waste was observed, results were not statistically significant (p\>0.05). Total production waste decreased from 441.5 lbs before to 390.6 lb after the intervention. Production waste, in relation to the number of servings prepared, also decreased throughout the course of the four weeks. The main themes from the stakeholder interviews emphasized the need for a food waste curriculum and adequate resources to build and sustain the capacity of the education program.The limitations of this study included different menu items served throughout the four weeks, lack of randomization, and limited sample size of camps (n=4). This was the first food waste study conducted at a youth summer camp, which showed that food waste reduction and behavior change among campers are possible within a short time period. Further research is warranted to minimize food waste in broader contexts and in other camp settings.

}, url = {https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/83779}, author = {Chen, Susan} } @article {9949, title = {Factors contributing to the retention of senior 4-H members: From the youth perspective}, journal = {Journal of Human Sciences and Extension}, volume = {6}, year = {2018}, month = {10/2018}, pages = {151-160}, chapter = {151}, abstract = {

Study utilized the framework of Ajzen\’s Theory of Planned behavior to uncover both barriers and contributing factors for continued 4-H membership.\  A qualitative analysis indicated that 4-H membership can terminate during the middle school grades, yet perceived behavioral control among 4-H members had the largest impact on whether or not a 4-H member continued involvement.\  Findings also suggest that parents have a large impact on whether or not a youth continues 4-H membership.\  Researchers conclude with recommendations related to parental education programs and increasing 4-H member retention.

}, issn = { 2325-5226}, url = {https://www.jhseonline.com/article/view/797}, author = {Stacey Ellison and Amy Harder} } @article {9975, title = {From Context to Outcomes: A Thriving Model for 4-H Youth Development Programs}, journal = {Journal of Human Sciences and Extension}, volume = {6}, year = {2018}, month = {2018/02/28/}, abstract = {

The contemporary Extension 4-H program is focused on positive youth development, providing experiences that increase the likelihood of enhanced wellbeing and optimal development for 4-H participants. Despite the longevity, reach, and success of the 4-H program, however, with few notable exceptions, there has been relatively little attention paid to elucidating the underlying program theory and the actions that put the theory into motion. As a result, no one model or framework guides the program uniformly across the 4-H system, resulting in numerous ways of describing and measuring the impact of the 4-H program on young people. This paper proposes a 4-H program model that connects the 4-H program context to youth developmental outcomes through the mediating process of youth thriving. The model is based on a synthesis of extensive research conducted in the field of youth development and elucidates the processes that facilitate developmental change in youth. Implications for model use as well as professional development are considered.

}, keywords = {4-H, Capacity-Building, Evaluation, Program Theory, Youth Development}, url = {https://www.jhseonline.com/article/view/653}, author = {Arnold, Mary E.} } @article {9985, title = {Investing in 4-H Volunteers Through State Leadership Forums}, journal = {The Journal of Extension (JOE)}, volume = {56}, year = {2018}, month = {2018}, abstract = {

State volunteer forums can be an invaluable resource for providing opportunities for volunteer training on positive youth development. Some weste

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2018october/iw6.php}, author = {Davis, Elizabeth and MacArthur, Stacey S. and Peterson, GaeLynn and Parent, Vernon} } @mastersthesis {10008, title = {Longitudinal Study of the Attitudes and Behaviors of Environmental Education Program Participants.}, volume = {Masters}, year = {2018}, month = {2018}, school = {Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College}, url = {https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/4837}, author = {Dugas, Kasie} } @article {9984, title = {Making eXtreme Counselors: A State 4-H Camp Counselor Workshop}, journal = {The Journal of Extension (JOE)}, volume = {56}, year = {2018}, month = {2018}, abstract = {

Making eXtreme Counselors (MXC) is a statewide 4-H camp counselor training workshop. This training brings teens throughout Ohio together to help

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2018october/iw5.php}, author = {Epley, Hannah K. and Williams, Jo and Feldhues, Katherine and Hall, Larry} } @mastersthesis {10026, title = {State Administrators{\textquoteright} Perceptions of the Environmental Challenges of Cooperative Extension and the 4-H Program and Their Resulting Adaptive Leadership Behaviors}, volume = {Doctoral}, year = {2018}, month = {2018}, school = {Virginia Tech}, abstract = {

Society has changed since Cooperative Extension and the 4-H youth program began. Over time the purpose for Extension has been challenged. Yet, there has been little empirical literature published on the administrators\&$\#$39; role and perspectives of the organizational environment or on the resulting leadership behaviors. A qualitative study was conducted to develop a baseline. State Extension Directors (n=7) and State 4-H Program Leaders (n=13) from 15 regionally-representative states were interviewed. Participants were asked to conduct a SWOT Analysis on both the Extension system and the 4-H program in their state and their leadership behaviors were explored. Extension administrators emphasized the organization\&$\#$39;s relevance to society and that the mission would remain focused on agriculture, although with an expanded focus on agriculture as more than production. Administrators did recognize many specific environmental shifts, including a changing funding model; challenges and importance of serving a diversifying population; the tension between urbanizing populations and shrinking rural communities; and, the changing role of technology for programming. Administrators described that they were experiencing shifting focus friction from historic audiences that were afraid of losing services due to the aforementioned environmental factors. Administrators\&$\#$39; leadership behaviors were reflective of the Adaptive Leadership behavior construct introduced by Heifetz (1994). Communication was the key behavior that is required to lead effectively. In order to successfully implement a strategy, trust with stakeholders needed to be established. Diversity in feedback was important for the administrators to feel confident in their ability to understand the changes in the organizational environment.

}, url = {https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/98002}, author = {Elliott-Engel, Jeremy} } @mastersthesis {9940, title = {Understanding culturally responsive curriculum for urban minority youth through the voice of 4H youth \& educators}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2018}, month = {2018}, school = {Pennsylvania State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {University Park, PA}, abstract = {

4-H has a long history of educating youth through experiential learning, historically in rural areas, focusing on the topics of agriculture and home economics. Today, 4-H exists in rural, suburban, and urban areas, and includes a variety of topics to foster youth development. Even with the expansion of 4-H into urban communities, the percentage of minority participants is comparatively lower than majority participants. The most recent National 4-H strategic plan focuses on cultural responsiveness and diversity inclusion to begin addressing this issue. This research examines the perspectives of 4-H educators and youth to understand the impact of culturally responsive curricula on minority youth motivation and engagement in 4-H programs. Furthermore, this thesis examines 4-H educator teaching practices also. Using a qualitative approach, youth and program staff from a Mid-Atlantic state were selected for in-depth focus groups and interviews.

}, url = {https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/15036ccs5256}, author = {Smith, Che{\textquoteright}nira} } @article {9978, title = {4-H Volunteer Continuing Education Academy}, journal = {The Journal of Extension}, volume = {55}, year = {2017}, month = {2017}, abstract = {

The 4-H Volunteer Continuing Education Academy was developed to provide 4-H club leaders a continuing education opportunity, to assist them in de

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2017august/iw4.php}, author = {Culp, Ken and Bullock, Leslie R.} } @article {9923, title = {Applying 4-H Judging Strategies to Board, Dice, and Card Games: Developing Skills in Urban and Suburban Youths}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {55}, year = {2017}, month = {February 2017}, abstract = {

Most 4-H judging events involve livestock or other traditional 4-H projects. Consequently, many urban and suburban youths miss out on building life skills developed through judging. In a nontraditional approach to 4-H judging, such youths play board, dice, and card games and then judge the games using the practice of giving oral reasons. The youths also reflect on the life skills learned while playing and judging the games. This approach has been used in a Washington State 4-H program. Youths have responded positively, demonstrated skills, and returned to the program year after year. Because Extension offices across the country have resources related to judging, the approach is easily replicated.

}, keywords = {board and card games, judging, life skills, oral reasons, social emotional learning}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2017february/iw3.php}, author = {Brian Brandt and James Stowe} } @mastersthesis {9970, title = {Assessment of the Arkansas horse 4-H program: perspectives from multiple stakeholders}, year = {2017}, month = {2017}, school = {University of Arkansas}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Fayetteville, AR}, abstract = {

Assessment of the Arkansas horse 4-H program utilized stakeholders\&$\#$39; perceptions to describe inputs, outcomes, preferences and impacts provided by the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service. Stakeholders\&$\#$39; perceptions were captured through three studies. Studies included the following: a pre- and post-test evaluation of the 2016 summer horse camp, purposive interviews with county agents (n = 6), volunteer leaders (n = 4), and parents (n = 4) of horse 4-H clubs, and a statewide survey provided to Extension staff (n =26) and volunteer leaders (n = 28) affiliated with horse 4-H clubs. The 2016 summer camp evaluation found the goals to improve horsemanship, safety, and interest in horse projects were largely fulfilled. Innovative practice to design, implement and evaluate the camp were found effective. Purposive interviews revealed implementation factors presented by club members, program staff, communities and determined program outcomes. Interviews also explored communication aptness. Emergent themes described need for supportive parents, safe horses, and inexpensive competitive/educational opportunities among diverse youth. Levels of support provided by Extension staff and/or parents effects volunteer leaders\&$\#$39; ability to facilitate clubs. Geographic location and community resources impact club opportunities. All clubs provide positive youth outcomes, a source of motivation among stakeholders. Information about club opportunities is commonly received through email, then shared with diverse audiences and channels. Equine-related information and knowledge is sought from the state\&$\#$39;s Extension headquarters, personal resources, and youths\&$\#$39; educational opportunities. Club characteristics, program staff characteristics and program outcomes were described by Extension staff and volunteer leaders through statewide mixed-mode surveys. Impacts associated with club participants included equine interests, access to resources, parental support, and financial capacity. Impacts associated with program staff included internal relationships, horse-related competencies, horse-related interests, stakeholder support, and club membership levels. Both clubs and program staff are impacted by the availability of community resources. Program outcomes were largely positive at youth and community levels. Recommendations include reporting program outcomes to improve parental engagement and support, thereby improving youth recruitment and retention. Strategy meetings at the club and program staff levels are recommended to foster support and innovation. Recommendations for future research include exploring the impact of volunteer leader management practices.

}, url = {https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2007}, author = {Kurtzo, Fawn} } @mastersthesis {9952, title = {Beliefs of Georgia 4-H environmental educators regarding {\textquoteright}effective{\textquoteright} teaching}, volume = {Agricultural and Environmental Education}, year = {2017}, month = {2017}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Athens, GA}, abstract = {

Previous research examined the positive learning outcomes of environmental education (EE), yet few explored how outcomes were achieved through nonformal teaching methods. The purpose of this study was to describe how environmental educators educational background relates to teaching methods used, and perception of effective instruction at Georgia 4-H centers. Six interviews and four observations were conducted with 4-H environmental educators in Georgia who possessed a natural science or non-science educational background. Cross-case analysis compared interview and observation findings. Six main themes emerged from the raw data surrounding participants perception of effective environmental education. Effective instruction involved: novelty, connections, personalization of curriculum based on educator characteristics, management of the learning environment, use of extra resources, and student engagement and inclusion. Banduras triadic reciprocality model provided a basis for interpreting the findings and recommendations for research and practice.

}, keywords = {4-H, effective teaching, Environmental education, environmental educators, non-formal education, teaching methods, triadic reciprocality model}, author = {Goldsmith, Hannah Lillian} } @mastersthesis {9951, title = {Cloverleaf communication apprehension: influential extent of the 4-h project achievement process}, volume = {Agricultural and Environmental Education}, year = {2017}, month = {2017}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Athens, GA}, abstract = {

Fear and anxiety are common repercussions of public speaking in youth. Previous research examined communication apprehension (CA) scores in older adolescents and young adults, yet few explored the extent of public speaking events among youth and none explored the 4-H community. The purpose of the study is to explore to what extent 4-H Cloverleaf Project Achievement (PA) influences communication apprehension among Cloverleaf 4-H members throughout Georgia. Quantitative research methods were used to conduct a questionnaire during the Cloverleaf PA. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data collected at four Cloverleaf PA events across Georgia. Communication apprehension levels, including sub-score, total scores, and overall changes, along with their relationship to the demographic data was determined. Findings show that GA Cloverleaf PA does not help reduce CA levels within the respondents. The 4-H Experiential Learning Model provided a basis for interpreting the findings and recommendations for research and practice.

}, keywords = {4-H Experiential Learning Model, 4-H Relationship, Anxiety, Cloverleaf, Communication, Communication Apprehension, Project Achievement, Public Speaking, Youth Development}, url = {https://esploro.libs.uga.edu/esploro/outputs/9949334054202959}, author = {Tompkins, Chasity Dawn} } @mastersthesis {9969, title = {Competencies and Training Needs of Adult 4-H Club Leaders to Facilitate Positive Youth Development in Ghana, Africa}, year = {2017}, month = {2017}, school = {The Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Columbus, OH}, url = {http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492672937515349}, author = {Homan, Dustin M.} } @article {10050, title = {The Contribution of Urban 4-H to Social Capital and the Implications for Social Justice}, journal = {The Journal of Extension}, volume = {55}, year = {2017}, month = {2017/12/01/}, isbn = {1077-5315}, url = {https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol55/iss6/52}, author = {Fields, Nia} } @article {9934, title = {The Contribution of Urban 4-H to Social Capital and the Implications for Social Justice}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {55}, year = {2017}, month = {12/2017}, chapter = {6FEA1}, abstract = {

The study focused on the contribution of urban positive youth development ot social capital and social justice.\  Findings indicated that 4-H initiatives related to social capital are reaching marginalized youth.\  However, barriers are presenting 4-H from reaching these youths adequately and/or consistently. \ University of Minnesota Social Capital Educational model is included.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2017december/a1.php}, author = {Nia Imani Fields} } @mastersthesis {9956, title = {Evaluating the Dissemination of the iCook 4-H Program Using Outcome, Process, and Fidelity Measures}, year = {2017}, month = {2017}, school = {University of Maine}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Orono, ME}, url = {https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/2800/}, author = {Gould, Tara Anna} } @mastersthesis {9930, title = {Evaluating Utah 4-H STEM Curricula Used to Promote STEM in Utah 4-H Programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2017}, month = {2017}, pages = {119}, school = {Utah State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study attempted to determine if the Utah 4-H STEM curricula used to promote STEM in 4-H programs across Utah aligned with the 4-H STEM logic model

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.26076/ced4-909f}, author = {Michelle D. Simmons} } @mastersthesis {10009, title = {An Exploratory Study of Adult Interactions among Youth Livestock Exhibitors}, volume = {Masters}, year = {2017}, month = {2017}, school = {Purdue University}, url = {https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/dissertations/AAI10257602}, author = {Johnson, Abby N} } @mastersthesis {9966, title = {Exploratory Study of Factors Impacting Mindset in Youth Involved in the Indiana 4-H Animal Science Project}, year = {2017}, month = {2017}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {West Lafayette, IN}, abstract = {

Youth develop beliefs about one\&$\#$39;s own ability at a young age, however feedback and information about the learning process can help youth understand that they can continually grow and learn. Their belief about their abilities is considered their mindset, a concept that has come forth by Dr. Carol Dweck. This research is based in the 4-H program and looking at the factors that can contribute to the mindset of youth involved in the animal science project through 4-H. The 4-H program is one of the largest youth development programs in the United States. This program involves over six million youth, 611,800 volunteers, and 3,500 professionals. With mounting research, scientists have come to believe that learning can be lifelong as the brain has greater capacity to develop than thought in the past (Dweck, 2006; Quendler \& Lamb, 2016; Zuber-Skerritt, \& Teare, 2013).^ Some believe that your mind can only take in so much and that max is a fixed integral while others believe in the lifelong learning. However, the 4-H program believes in lifelong learning and has a unique feedback system that allows youth to ask questions about the process of their project. Feedback according to Earley, Northcraft, Lee, and Lituchy (1990) can \"provide information about the correctness, accuracy, and adequacy of work behaviors (p. 87)\". There is always room for mistakes and having the chance to try again next year. In order to select the participants for this study the researcher grouped agricultural classrooms into one of the five 4-H districts. Then randomly selected five different agricultural classrooms to gather information about demographics, experiences of the youth involved, mindset, mastery, and feedback mechanisms. There was one district that the researcher could not find a school willing to participate thus data was collected from four schools.^ Questionnaires were completed by 255 students in their agricultural classroom. The study revealed that most of the youth involved in animal science project have a growth mindset and receive the most feedback from their parents or other relatives, (19.3\%). Additionally, mastery was related to the feedback received and the mindset of the youth. There is a significant correlation between the animal science project and the mastery of the content (r = .279, p \<.000). By using Goal Orientation Theory (Schunk, Meece, \& Pintrich, 2012) the researcher could find two main conclusions of mindsets and feedback of youth that are involved in animal science project. One conclusion being that 4-H really should utilize the volunteers and leaders to instill a growth mindset and allow a youth to master the material that they are interested in. Secondly, there was a correlation to the amount of feedback, type of feedback, and from whom the feedback came affected the mindset of the youth.^ Practical recommendations would be that those working with youth understand mindset, give intentional feedback. It would also be recommended that further research be done on the feedback that youth in animal science project receive. There were a few constraints to the study including only reaching four of the five 4-H districts as one district could not be contacted. However, with the data provided there was still a good number to analyze the mindset of youth that are involved.

}, url = {https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/dissertations/AAI10600548/}, author = {Sajdera, Kelsey} } @article {10048, title = {The Impact of a Campus-Based 4-H Summer Conference Program on Youth Thriving}, journal = {The Journal of Extension}, volume = {55}, year = {2017}, month = {2017/06/01/}, isbn = {1077-5315}, url = {https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol55/iss3/5}, author = {Arnold, Mary and Davis, Jamie and Lundeberg, Roberta} } @mastersthesis {9968, title = {Intentional mentoring through 4-H: the role of 4-H in a successful mentoring program between youth and adults}, year = {2017}, month = {2017}, school = {Utah State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Logan, UT}, abstract = {

4-H Youth and Families with Promise (4-H YFP) is a one to one youth mentoring program that aims to help youth obtain skills that will help them to be successful. The purpose of this research was to determine if any positive outcomes were shown of youth participating in 4-H YFP. Positive outcomes were identified as peer social competence, greater ability to make positive choices, the development of effective communication skills, building connections, and contributing to the community. Results show that these outcomes positively increased among youth participants in the 4-H YFP program- but the changes were too small to be of any significance. Results also show that the longer youth are enrolled in the program, the greater their peer social competence, ability to make positive choices, and effectively communicate.

}, url = {http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5530}, author = {Shepperd, Emily Ann} } @mastersthesis {9964, title = {Making the best better: assessing the professional development needs of Kentucky 4-H agents}, year = {2017}, month = {2017}, school = {Morehead State University}, type = {Doctoral }, address = {Morehead, KY}, url = {https://scholarworks.moreheadstate.edu/msu_theses_dissertations/110/}, author = {Stamper, Charles E} } @article {9935, title = {The money mentors program: Increasing financial literacy in Utah youths}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {55}, year = {2017}, month = {12/2017}, chapter = {6IAW1}, abstract = {

Utah 4-H and Fidelity Investments collaborated on a program to increase the financial literacy of teens and children.\  This team approach led to the training of 81 teens, then 530 other youth statewide.\  The program development and implementation processes may serve as models for other Extension programs.\  The curriculum is available at no charge.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2017december/iw1.php}, author = {Zurishaddai A. Garcia and Dave Francis and Amanda Christensen and Stacey S. MacArthur and Margie Memmott and Paul A. Hill} } @mastersthesis {9961, title = {The perceived impact of the national junior angus show and conference on youth leadership and life skill development}, year = {2017}, month = {2017}, school = {University of Missouri--Columbia}, type = {Doctoral }, address = {Columbia, MO}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships between participating in the National Junior Angus Show and perceived gain in youth leadership and life skill development, as well as to describe a relationship between 4-H participation, FFA participation, and demographic characteristics with youth leadership and life skill development. The target population for this study was youth who participated in the 2016 National Junior Angus Show and Conference (n= 851). An overall response rate of 50.8 \% was attained in this study (n= 127). Youth provided their perceived gain in of youth leadership and life skill development, indicated which of 23 youth development activities they participated in, indicated their participation in 4-H, FFA, or other youth development organization, and also responded to basic demographic questions following the administration of an electronic survey instrument. Based on findings from this study, it was concluded that the 2016 National Junior Angus Show and Conference did have a perceived positive change on youth\&$\#$39;s leadership and life skill development. The researcher also concluded that age was a significant predictor of youth\&$\#$39;s perceived leadership and life skill development. Overall dosage of youth development activities showed significance across three psychological constructs The researcher also found that two of the 23 activities accounted for a significant perceived gain in youth leadership or life skill development across five psychological constructs. Further research is recommended through a qualitative lens to elicit more descriptive information on the experiences and growth that youth develop as the result of their participation in National Junior Livestock Shows and Conferences.

}, url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10355/66769}, author = {Weikert, Ben S} } @article {9979, title = {Prevalent Approaches to Professional Development in State 4-H Programs}, journal = {The Journal of Extension (JOE)}, volume = {55}, year = {2017}, month = {2017}, abstract = {

High-quality 4-H programming requires effective professional development of educators. Through a mixed-methods study, we explored professional de

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2017august/rb2.php}, author = {Smith, Martin H. and Worker, Steven M. and Schmitt-McQuitty, Lynn and Meehan, Cheryl L. and Lewis, Kendra M. and Schoenfelder, Emily and Brian, Kelley} } @article {10049, title = {Prevalent Approaches to Professional Development in State 4-H Programs}, journal = {The Journal of Extension}, volume = {55}, year = {2017}, month = {2017/08/01/}, isbn = {1077-5315}, url = {https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol55/iss4/17}, author = {Smith, Martin and Worker, Steven and Schmitt-McQuitty, Lynn and Meehan, Cheryl and Lewis, Kendra and Schoenfelder, Emily and Brian, Kelley} } @article {9936, title = {Tinkering with technology: A library workshop to support 4-H youth development}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {55}, year = {2017}, month = {12/2017}, chapter = {6IAW2}, abstract = {

Teen conference organizers collaborated with UI librarians to organize a workshop in a learning laboratory.\  The 2-hour workshop , the 20 participants completed evaluation surveys.\  All but one participant indicated it was their first time in this environment and organizers believed there was potential for more collaboration and support between libraries and Extension.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2017december/iw2.php}, author = {Beth Hendrix and Evan Williamson} } @article {9981, title = {Using Community Assessments to Improve 4-H Youth Development Programming Efforts}, journal = {The Journal of Extension}, volume = {55}, year = {2017}, month = {2017}, abstract = {

Understanding resources available in a community is essential before any 4-H youth development professional can begin addressing local needs. Con

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2017august/tt9.php}, author = {Teuteberg, Dan and Cummins, Melissa M.} } @article {9980, title = {Youths Perceive Some Improvement in Substance Abuse Prevention Knowledge, Skills, and Assets from Participation in 4-H Health Rocks!}, journal = {The Journal of Extension}, volume = {55}, year = {2017}, month = {2017}, abstract = {

The 4-H Health Rocks! curriculum aims to reduce use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs and promote healthful lifestyle choices among 8- to 14-y

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2017august/rb9.php}, author = {Reeves, Kane T. and Donaldson, Joseph L. and Naylor, Mitchell and LeBleu, Lisa} } @mastersthesis {10018, title = {Eco-Leadership in Practice: A Mixed Methods Study of County 4-H Programs}, volume = {Doctoral}, year = {2016}, month = {2016}, school = {Virginia Tech}, abstract = {

Our understanding of leaders and the role they play in organizations and society is changing. Four broad discourses of leadership have been identified as occurring during the past 100 years: controller, therapist, messiah, and eco-leader. The most recent, eco-leader discourse, is characterized by collective decision-making, collaboration, shared leadership, and grassroots organization. Eco-leadership is believed to be beneficial for organizations operating in a 21st century, knowledge-driven economy. A quintessential example of an ecological organization is the Extension Service\&$\#$39;s 4-H program, the organization which this study examines. However, in 4-H, as in many organizations, a majority of leadership development efforts focus on the individual, positional leader. Further, the vast majority of the literature devoted to eco-leadership is conceptual in nature; empirical studies linking leadership approaches to organizational outcomes are rare.This study uses an explanatory sequential mixed methods design to examine: (a) the nature of the relationship between county 4-H agents\&$\#$39; leadership discourse preferences and programmatic success; (b) county 4-H association members\&$\#$39; levels of systemic and hierarchical thinking and programmatic success; (c) the way in which county 4-H association members\&$\#$39; perceive their leadership within their counties; and (d) the relationship between these volunteers\&$\#$39; perceptions of their leadership and other variables associated with programmatic success. Findings indicate that the therapist discourse was the most preferred discourse among county 4-H agents, but that agents\&$\#$39; discourse scores were unrelated to county 4-H program success. Associations\&$\#$39; levels of hierarchical and systemic thinking were also not related to county 4-H program success. Additionally, county 4-H association members reported that: (a) agents play a central role in decision making and communication within the association; (b) association members rarely make decisions on programmatic matters; (c) associations are often not structured in accordance with 4-H\&$\#$39;s policy for associations; and (d) members are not provided opportunities for development in their roles as association members.

}, url = {https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/73652}, author = {Cletzer, David Adam} } @mastersthesis {9931, title = {The effects of the structural components of 4-H residential summer programs on the achievement of the essential elements of positive youth development and the acquisition of targeted life skills}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2016}, month = {2016}, pages = {165}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {MS}, abstract = {

The study addresses the benefits of summer residential camps on positive youth development and the acquisition of targeted life skills

}, url = {https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td/4449/}, author = {Alayna Naro} } @mastersthesis {9926, title = {Evaluation of Teen Cuisine: An Extension-Based Cooking Program to Increase Self-efficacy in Teens}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2016}, month = {12/2016}, school = {Virginia Tech}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Blacksburg, VA}, abstract = {

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Teen Cuisine, an Extension-based cooking program on self-efficacy with cooking and perceptions of their eating behaviors in a diverse group of adolescents across the Commonwealth of Virginia.\ 

}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73705}, author = {Heather K. Petty} } @mastersthesis {9965, title = {Exploration of alumni perceptions regarding career development and impact of the Indiana 4-H program}, year = {2016}, month = {2016}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {West Lafayette, IN}, abstract = {

The 4-H program is the largest youth development program in the United States, involving more than six million participants. Operating through Purdue Extension, Indiana 4-H strives to provide educational opportunities for youth to develop life skills and qualities that may positively influence their community and world. This qualitative case study was a response to the absence of updated research and evaluation of the Indiana 4-H Youth Development Program. Using an embedded design and semi-structured interviews, the study sought to explore the potential relationship between 4-H experiences and the career development and decisions of six Indiana 4-H alumni from the class of 2005. The study revealed a list of skills perceived as necessary in the workforce and the value of experiences and task approach skills in career development. Regarding the Indiana 4-H Program, participants perceived 4-H as an opportunity to develop life skills, resulting in a positive perception of the Indiana 4-H Program overall. Practical recommendations for Indiana 4-H include exploring specific audiences, increase marketing or communication of additional 4-H involvement opportunities, additional emphasis on health-related life skill development, and developing an Indiana 4-H alumni network. Implications for this study include similar research be conducted using a longitudinal or mixed methods design, with the goal of reaching all stages of human development as well as new audiences within the 4-H Youth Development Program.^

}, url = {http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/dissertations/AAI10146713}, author = {Lee, Alli Elizabeth} } @article {9977, title = {Growing Our Own: A Longitudinal Evaluation of a Professional Development Program for Early-Career 4-H Professionals}, journal = {The Journal of Extension (JOE)}, volume = {54}, year = {2016}, month = {2016}, abstract = {

We present the results of a longitudinal evaluation of the Western Region 4-H Institute, a 5-day training program designed to enhance the skill s

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2016october/a2.php}, author = {Varrella, Gary F. and Luckey, Brian P. and Baca, Jacqueline S. and Peters, Curt} } @mastersthesis {9959, title = {Growth of Bath County 4-H Programming through Adult Volunteer Training}, year = {2016}, month = {2016}, school = {Virginia Tech}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Blacksburg, VA}, abstract = {

Adult volunteer involvement in 4-H programming is essential for the growth and stability of a community-based 4-H program. Adult volunteers needs must be met and quality training must be provided for both their comfort and ability to properly lead a Community 4-H Club and/or short term 4-H program. The matching of youth needs to volunteer skills is crucial for sustainable mentorship opportunities on behalf of the adult volunteer. The project reported here aims to train 4-H adult volunteers through a four-session program to ensure both the comfort level of the adult to lead a 4-H Club or short term program as well as properly facilitate such a program with the skills already obtained from life and career experiences. Research affirms that volunteers need to be both passionate about their involvement with a program for long-standing support and sustainability as well as properly trained in 4-H policy and risk management to ensure a safe, hands-on learning experience for the youth involved. The facilitator will utilize data from pre- and post surveys administered during the training sessions to determine the effectiveness of the training and where future gaps may lie. Additionally, as adult volunteers become comfortable in their particular leadership area and training received, Bath County 4-H community programs will show growth and continual support for years to come.

}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74325}, author = {Sponaugle, Kari} } @article {9972, title = {{\textquotedblleft}I felt really respected and I know she felt respected too{\textquotedblright}: Using Youth-Adult Partnerships to Promote Positive Youth Development in 4-H Youth}, journal = {Journal of Human Sciences and Extension}, volume = {4}, year = {2016}, month = {2016/10/31/}, abstract = {

Youth-adult relationships exist on a continuum from adult-led to youth-led collaborations. However, research suggests that quality youth-adult partnerships, which fall in the middle of this continuum, directly contribute to positive youth development. Given this, the current study evaluated the impact of a 4-H Youth Development program, using youth-adult partnerships and a teens as teachers program model, on positive youth development outcomes of participating youth. Qualitative data were collected from 29 youth to evaluate the 4-H Food Smart Families program presented by Washington State University Youth Advocates for Health (YA4-H!). Data analysis identified themes related to the benefits and challenges of the youth-adult partnership and skills gained from being a teen teacher. When looking at results from a positive youth development perspective, it is evident the youth who participated in youth-adult partnerships and as teen teachers experienced beneficial outcomes. Qualitative codes clearly aligned with 4-H Essential Elements of belonging, mastery, independence, and generosity, indicating positive youth development had occurred despite realworld implementation challenges. Based on our experience and lessons learned, we conclude with suggestions for successful implementation of a youth-adult partnership.

}, keywords = {Positive youth development, teens as teachers, youth-adult partnerships}, isbn = {2325-5226}, url = {https://www.jhseonline.com/article/view/761}, author = {Weybright, Elizabeth H. and Hrncirik, Lauren M. and White, Alison J. and Cummins, Melissa M. and Deen, Mary Katherine and Calodich, Shirley} } @mastersthesis {9954, title = {ICook 4-H: 0 to 24-month accelerometer-derived physical activity and sedentary time in youth}, year = {2016}, month = {2016}, school = {South Dakota State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Brookings, SD}, url = {https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/etd/1083/}, author = {Hofer, Emily} } @mastersthesis {9967, title = {ICook 4-H intervention: food-related behavior and intake of adult main meal preparers participating in a 5-state childhood obesity prevention study}, year = {2016}, month = {2016}, school = {University of Nebraska-Lincoln}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Lincoln, NE}, abstract = {

Childhood obesity affects 12.7 million children within the United States. The need for childhood obesity prevention programs is high. Research supports family-centered programs and health interventions rooted within the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT); the iCook 4-H program combines these attributes. The objective of this study was to assess differences in adult outcome variables between control and treatment participants and whether the program impacted food security status. Participants consisted of adult-youth pairs (dyads) that included a 9-10 year-old child and their adult primary meal preparer. The focus of this project was to provide findings on adult participants only. The program was implemented in Maine, Nebraska, South Dakota, Tennessee, and West Virginia. Within each state, treatment (n=150) and control dyads (n=77) were recruited through Extension, 4-H, and community programs with flyers, in-person contact and email. Dyads participated in 6 educational sessions over the course of 12 weeks that focused on culinary skills, family mealtime, healthful eating, meal planning, and physical activity. Adult outcomes collected included self-reported food intake, procurement, preparation and safety practices, parent-child feeding relationships, family mealtime routines, quality of life, food security status, program evaluation, BMI, and measured blood pressure. Descriptive statistics are presented for demographics at baseline. A linear mixed model approach was used to analyze data across time points (0, 4, and 12 months). A p \<0.10 level of significance was used. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Mac (Version 23.0, 2015, IBM Corp). As a result of participating in the iCook 4-H program, adult treatment participants reported significant improvements in the following: fruit intake, shopping with a grocery list, using the \"Nutrition Facts\" label, eating less family meals at restaurants, receiving honest answers to questions from family members, food security status, planning weekly meals, enjoying making meals with their child, and kitchen skill confidence.

}, url = {http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/nutritiondiss/66/}, author = {Richardson, Kyla A} } @mastersthesis {9928, title = {Motivational Factors Impacting Youth Participation in West Tennessee 4-H}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2016}, month = {08/2016}, pages = {54+}, school = {University of Tennessee, Knoxville}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/4065/}, author = {Crystal Paige Pipkin} } @mastersthesis {10023, title = {Preparing for Effective Program Dissemination and Implementation: An Analysis of Problems and Proposals for the iCook 4-H Program}, volume = {Masters}, year = {2016}, month = {2016}, school = {The University of Maine}, abstract = {

While much effort has gone into the creation of obesity prevention programs like iCook 4-H, such programs remain largely under-utilized. The disconnect between research and practice highlights the necessity of dissemination and implementation strategies to ensure programs become adopted into practice. Creating a well-informed systematic approach to implementation will ensure that the iCook 4-H program will be implemented efficaciously and sustainably to improve the health of generations to come. The goal of this research was to implement the pilot dissemination and describe the findings in the context of the Quality Implementation Framework. The objectives were to report outcomes of the iCook 4-H pilot dissemination, identify factors that promoted or inhibited successful dissemination, and provide suggestions QIF-based suggestion for improvement of future iCook 4-H dissemination and implementation. Careful attention to detail was paid in earlier stages of the iCook study while developing the iCook 4-H three-pronged approach of program, process, and fidelity evaluation to be consistent and reliable over time. This system of evaluation generates data on effectiveness of the iCook program (which was adressed in the iCook intervention study). In the context of dissemination and implementation it also illuminates the successes and failures in program packaging and determines if actual program delivery aligns with intended program delivery. Process evaluation results of the iCook 4-H pilot dissemination showed that both youth and adult participants identified the key components (concrete as well as abstract) of the program which is an indicator of efficacy. Program evaluation analysis demonstrated significantly increased scores from pre to post intervention in overall outcome measures (and the majority of youth subscales) 87.44\±10.57 to 90.89\±6.98 in adults and 180.26\±29.74 to 200.10\±28.67 in youth. Fidelity evaluations demonstrated that sites maintained high attendance (average of 91\%) and participants were highly engaged in sessions (session averages of 3-4 on a 1-4 scale). Through third-party fidelity assessment, leaders were categorized as effective to highly effective (3.3-4 on a 1-4 scale) and were able to cover session materials and meet objectives within or below the intended session duration. Based on this assessment, the resources provided to leaders were deemed sufficient. While novel and well designed, this three-pronged approach to evaluation was not intended to serve as a complete dissemination and implementation (D\&I) plan. Significant exploration into dissemination and implementation strategies and frameworks was not completed prior to the pilot dissemination study. By evaluating the iCook 4-H pilot dissemination through the lens of the Quality

}, url = {https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/2548}, author = {Randall, Jodi L.} } @mastersthesis {9925, title = {A Qualitative Descriptive Study Examining the Current State of the New York 4-H Program From a Leader{\textquoteright}s Perspective}, volume = {Ed,D.}, year = {2016}, month = {08/2016}, pages = {126p.}, school = {St. John Fisher College}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, address = {Rochester, NY}, abstract = {

Nonprofit organizations (NPOs) represent a fast-growing industry with significant value in today\’s society. NPOs are filling gaps in providing services the government can no longer deliver and are considered an economic industry worth billions of dollars. As evidenced in research, NPOs are facing a multitude of challenges. Still, most of these challenges are addressed as standalone issues. Research has provided tools and suggestions for how leadership can address singular challenges; however, few researchers have examined challenges broadly. It has been confirmed that organizational leadership needs to understand, from a leader\’s perspective, the challenges of the organization so that efforts can be developed to solve critical issues. For NPOs to be able to solve problems, they need to develop a deeper understanding of their challenges. In this qualitative descriptive study, the intention was to add to the body of knowledge on NPO and leadership challenges and organizational effectiveness by examining what leaders do to lead Programs well. The goal was to gain a deeper understanding from the perspective of Cornell Cooperative Extension (CCE) 4-H Program Leaders of the current state of the New York 4-H Program, which broad collective challenges exist within that program, and how programs are led well. This topic was explored through open-ended inquiry utilizing a theoretical framework of Organizational Effectiveness (OE). Implications, recommendations, and suggestions for future research relate directly to CCE guiding documents and past organizational research.

}, url = {https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/education_etd/276/}, author = {Megan E. Tifft} } @mastersthesis {9933, title = {Reasons Youth Choose or Do Not Choose to Be Involved in 4-H Livestock Projects in Tennessee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2016}, month = {2016}, pages = {53}, school = {University of Tennessee, Knoxville}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to find reasons youth choose or do not choose to be involved in 4-H livestock projects.\  Themes determined in the study were:\  family support, interest and a love of animals, farming background, friendships and fun, and the development of life skills.

}, url = {http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/4286}, author = {Leigh E. Fuson} } @article {9976, title = {Teaching Record-Keeping Skills to 4-H Youths Through Experiential Learning Techniques}, journal = {The Journal of Extension (JOE)}, volume = {54}, year = {2016}, month = {2016}, abstract = {

Teaching record keeping for breeding projects in a way that keeps youths engaged is a difficult task. The activity discussed in this article was

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2016october/tt5.php}, author = {Roland, Tyanne J. and Fisher, Meredith} } @mastersthesis {10015, title = {Virginia 4-H Food Challenge Curriculum Evaluation}, volume = {Masters}, year = {2016}, month = {2016}, school = {Virginia Tech}, abstract = {

In 2014, 4-H agents brought the Food Challenge competition from Texas to the Virginia program as a new competition outlet for youth. With this new program comes the need to train Extension faculty, staff, and volunteers to provide adequate knowledge for youth to be successful in their competitive endeavors. Due to the competition being relatively new to the nation, a curricula specific to the competition had not been developed. This study compiled and reviewed existing 4-H healthy living curricula to determine what already-existing materials would help a team prepare for the competition. Many materials were found to be adequate at covering specific sections of the competition judging criteria, however only three were determined to meet a majority of the programming needs. The top recommended curricula were Exploring the Food Challenge, Teen Cuisine, and Cooking Matters for Teens. Exploring the Food Challenge covered all 12 criteria, with Teen Cuisine and Cooking matters for Teens covering 11 of the 12 criteria.

}, url = {https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/74323}, author = {Nagurny, Samantha C.} } @mastersthesis {9957, title = {4-H leadership development in southern Maine: community clubs vs. school/afterschool clubs}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, school = {University of Southern Maine}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Portland, ME}, url = {https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/etd/81/}, author = {Personette, Laura} } @mastersthesis {9999, title = {4-H Wildlife Habitat Education Program: A Qualitative Study on Career Exploration}, volume = {Masters}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/3575}, author = {Cowan, Ronnie L} } @mastersthesis {10001, title = {Associations of cooking self-efficacy and frequency of iCook-4H youth participants with dietary quality and BMI at baseline}, volume = {Masters}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, school = {University of Tennessee}, url = {https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/3740}, author = {Ford, Amber} } @article {7490, title = {College transition study shows 4-H helps youth prepare for and succeed in college}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {53}, year = {2015}, abstract = {

Many young adults enter college without the knowledge and skills necessary to succeed. The purpose of the study was to determine if 4-H helps develop life skills needed for the transition to college and overall college success. College attending 4-H alumni were compared with comparison group on six life skills.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2015august/a7.php}, author = {Judy Ratkos and Lauren Knollenberg} } @article {7347, title = {Cultural core competencies: Perceptions of 4-H youth development professionals}, journal = {Journal of Human Sciences and Extension}, volume = {3}, year = {2015}, month = {October 2015}, pages = {65-78}, url = {https://www.jhseonline.com/article/view/745}, author = {Janet Fox and Jenna LaChenaye} } @mastersthesis {10016, title = {A Descriptive Study of Teens{\textquoteright} Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy}, volume = {Masters}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, school = {Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College}, url = {https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/1009}, author = {Roger, Cherie} } @mastersthesis {9918, title = {Development of 4-H youth leadership skills: A retrospective approach with emerging adults}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.31274/etd-180810-3915}, author = {Ashley N. Kinkade} } @article {7521, title = {Engaging focus group methodology: The 4-H middle school-aged youth learning and leading study}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {53}, year = {2015}, abstract = {

With young people, discussing complex issues such as learning and leading in a focus group can be a challenge. To help prime youth for the discussion, we created a focus group approach that featured a fun, interactive activity. This article includes a description of the focus group activity, lessons learned, and suggestions for additional applications.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2015october/iw5.php}, author = {Samantha Grant and Siri Scott and Pamela Larson Nippolt} } @article {7439, title = {Examination of attitude and interest measures for 4-H science evaluation}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {53}, year = {2015}, abstract = {

Science education research has demonstrated the influence of affect on learning. The National 4-H Science Logic Model outlines outcomes from youth participation in 4-H science programs, which includes attitude and interest outcomes. The associated measure, the National 4-H Science Common Measure, assesses these attitude constructs and not other affective factors. Tie study reported here sought to determine whether additional affective constructs were separate from the general constructs assessed on the Common Measure. We found the additional measures have good reliability and moderate correlations among the outcomes, suggesting the new measures assess different constructs than currently assessed by the Common Measure.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2015june/rb4.php}, author = {Kendra M. Lewis and Steven M. Worker} } @article {9945, title = {The Factors That Influence the Involvement of Youth in Pennsylvania 4-H Extension District 16 Livestock Programs}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {53}, year = {2015}, month = {08/2015}, pages = {9 pages}, chapter = {4RIB4}, keywords = {livestock}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2015august/rb4.php}, author = {Weikert, Ben and Hoover, Tracy and Radhakrishna, Rama B and Swinker, Ann} } @mastersthesis {9917, title = {iCook 4-H: the relationship between the Block Kids Physical activity screener and accelerometer derived physical activity in 9-10 year old children}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2015}, school = {South Dakota State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Celine Kabala} } @mastersthesis {9950, title = {The impact of Georgia 4-H livestock projects on participant leadership skills: a qualitative study of 4-H alumni}, volume = {Master of Agricultural Leadership}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Athens, GA}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to identify what leadership learning outcomes adults perceive to have gained from participation as youth in Georgia 4-H livestock projects. Participant reflections may serve to inform improvements to Georgia 4-H livestock projects. The leadership and life skills participants self-identified we analyzed through qualitative research methods. Nine domains emerged to illustrate the types of experiences that developed leadership and life skills for participants. These domains included communicating, helping others, managing, working, responsibility/commitment, connecting, passion, thinking, and achieving. Kolbs Experiential Learning Theory and Katzs Three-Skill Approach to Leadership provided a basis for interpreting the findings.

}, keywords = {cooperative extension, Georgia 4-H, Katz{\textquoteright}s Three-Skill Approach to Leadership, Kolb{\textquoteright}s Experiential Learning Theory, leadership outcomes, life skills, Livestock projects}, url = {https://esploro.libs.uga.edu/esploro/outputs/9949332834902959}, author = {Abrams, Sherry Wilson} } @mastersthesis {9916, title = {Increasing student interest in poultry science careers through 4-H}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {2015}, school = {Walden University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {P. Armstrong} } @article {7415, title = {Informing 4-H development in SE Alaska native villages}, journal = {Journal of Community Engagement and Scholarship}, year = {2015}, month = {Spring 2015}, author = {D. Jones and L. Skogrand} } @mastersthesis {10003, title = {Life Skill Development of Youth Participants of the 4-H Beef Skillathon Program}, volume = {Masters}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, school = {University of Tennessee}, url = {https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/3369}, author = {Harris, Josey} } @mastersthesis {10005, title = {Life Skills Gained Through the 4-H Sheep Skillathon}, volume = {Masters}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, school = {University of Tennessee}, url = {https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/3380}, author = {Kimes, Terra} } @book {6823, title = {The lifelong impact of 4-H: Stories from Texas}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Texas A\&M University Press}, organization = {Texas A\&M University Press}, address = {College Station, TX}, author = {T. Lepley and Martha Elaine Couch} } @article {7559, title = {Longitudinal study of a state 4-H fashion revue}, journal = {Journal of Human Sciences and Extension}, volume = {3}, year = {2015}, month = {10/2015}, pages = {117-123}, chapter = {117}, abstract = {

No differences were found in cost or time allocation among those who placed as award winners and those who di not place. Data and participant comments indicated that participants gained some life skills. In addition, more than one-third of the youth involved in these contests were found to mend for their family and friends as part of their 4-H textile and clothing experiences.

}, url = {https://www.jhseonline.com/article/view/751}, author = {Kendra Taylor and Jan F. Scholl and Sandra P. Hall} } @mastersthesis {10022, title = {Louisiana 4-H State Leadership Boards: Measuring Leadership Life Skills and Youth-Adult Relationships.}, volume = {Masters}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, school = {Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College}, url = {https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/3303}, author = {Moran, Leslie} } @mastersthesis {10000, title = {The {\textquoteright}Mooring{\textquoteright} of Rural Canada: Youth Volunteerism in Fragile Communities}, volume = {Masters}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, school = {University of Guelph}, url = {https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/8831}, author = {Eisenbach, Kristina E} } @mastersthesis {10013, title = {A multisite, prospective, one health investigation of zoonotic swine influenza among 4-H Members and their swine at agricultural fairs in Pennsylvania}, volume = {Doctoral}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, school = {Pennsylvania State University}, url = {https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/26544}, author = {Spleen, Angela M} } @article {7440, title = {National 4-H Common Measures: Initial evaluation from California 4-H}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {53}, year = {2015}, abstract = {

Evaluation is a key component to learning about the effectiveness of a program. This article provides descriptive statistics of the newly developed National 4-H Common Measures (science, healthy living, citizenship, and youth development) based on data from 721 California 4-H youth. The measures were evaluated for their reliability and validity of individual items and overall measures using exploratory factor analysis. The measures overall appear to assess what they are intended to assess, but there are several methodological issues, such as cross-loading items and low variance. Recommendations for scale refinement and modifications are made.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2015april/rb3.php}, author = {Kendra M. Lewis and Shannon J. Horrillo and Keith Widaman and Steven M. Worker and Kali Trzesniewski} } @mastersthesis {9915, title = {Is parental participation in organized sports associated with Positive Youth Development?}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2015}, school = {University of Delaware}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study examined parents\&$\#$39; levels of involvement in organized sports and children\&$\#$39;s Positive Youth Development (PYD). This study used data from grade 6 participants and parents from the 4-H positive youth development study to assess the role of parenting in organized sports and how this associates with children\&$\#$39;s levels of connection and confidence.

}, author = {Lara Andrews} } @mastersthesis {9920, title = {Perspectives on a positive youth development environment for youth with developmental disabilities in 4-H}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2015}, month = {04/2015}, school = {Seattle Pacific University}, type = {Doctoral }, address = {Seattle, WA}, url = {https://digitalcommons.spu.edu/cpy_etd/2/}, author = {Zurawski, Megan E} } @article {6885, title = {A presentation by National 4-H Conference participants concerning the future of agriculture in the U.S.}, year = {2015}, url = {http://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo58913}, author = {U.S. Congress House of Representatives} } @book {9989, title = {Promoting positive youth development: lessons from the 4-H study}, series = {Advancing Responsible Adolescent Development}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Springer International}, organization = {Springer International}, abstract = {

\"This book presents the results of a longitudinal 4-H study of youth development. The volume discusses how self-regulation and contextual resources (e.g., strong relationships with parents, peers, and the community) can be fostered in young people to contribute to optimal functioning throughout life. Each chapter examines a particular aspect of youth thriving, and offers findings on the role of positive development in a variety of outcomes. Contributors introduce a contemporary model of positive development for diverse youth, provide examples of effective youth development programs, and suggest applications for informing the next generation of policy and practice. Among the featured topics: The regulation of emotion in adolescence. School engagement, academic achievement, and positive youth development. Peer relationships and positive youth development. Identity development in adolescence and the implications for youth policy and practice. Promoting adolescent sexual health in youth programming. A positive youth development approach to bullying. Researchers in developmental psychology as well as educational policy and politics will gain from Promoting Positive Youth Development a new appreciation of young people\&$\#$39;s strengths and their centrality in creating effective youth programs and initiatives. \"This volume is destined to become the handbook for anyone interested in the bourgeoning field of positive youth development. Promoting Positive Youth Development presents a rich, theoretically grounded understanding of the landscape today\&$\#$39;s youth, families and programs. The contributors provide clear, data-driven guidance regarding the types of programs and settings that are most beneficial to young people.\" Jean E. Rhodes, Ph.D. Department of Psychology University of Massachusetts, Boston.\" -- Prov?? de l\&$\#$39;editor.

}, isbn = {978-3-319-17166-1}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1107674176}, author = {Edmond P. Bowers and G. John Geldhof and Sara K. Johnson and Lacey J. Hilliard and Rachel M. Hershberg and Jacqueline V. Lerner and Richard M. Lerner} } @book {6815, title = {Promoting positive youth development: Lessons from the 4-H study}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Switzerland}, editor = {Edmond P. Bowers and G. John Geldhof and S. K. Johnson and Lacey J. Hilliard and Rachel M. Hershberg and Jacqueline V. Lerner} } @article {7458, title = {Promoting the essential elements of 4-H youth development through an experiential learning model}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {53}, year = {2015}, abstract = {

This study applied experiential learning theory to a context involving middle and high school aged youth while assessing the four concepts (belonging, mastery, independence, and generosity) in relation to the 4-H youth development essential elements.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2015october/iw4.php}, author = {Shelley Meyer and Kenneth R. Jones} } @article {7582, title = {Regionalization of the Washington State University Extension 4-H youth development program: Employee awareness, buy-in, and communication}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {53}, year = {2015}, note = {

Research in Brief 5RIB5

}, month = {October 2015}, abstract = {

A survey regarding the level of awareness and buy-in that Extension administration, faculty, and staff have concerning the regional model and how communication about the model took place. The majority learned about this through informal conversations. Those who learned through both formal and informal methods felt more knowledgeable, and more comfortable assessing the model\&$\#$39;s merit.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2015october/rb5.php}, author = {Allison J. White and Dan Teuteberg} } @mastersthesis {10030, title = {The Relationship of Texas A\&M Agrilife Extension Summer Horsemanship School Instructors{\textquoteright} Evaluated Competencies to the Self-Perceived Competencies of Youth and Adult Participants}, volume = {Doctoral}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, school = {Texas A \& M University}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to determine if participants of the Texas A\&M AgriLife Extension Summer Horsemanship School Program, from 2006 through 2014, perceived increases in learning and competency. In addition, the relationship of the horsemanship school instructors\’ evaluated competencies with the self-perceived learning and competency of youth and adult participants was tested. A non-random, purposive sample of 37 different instructor teams, comprised of 58 different, individual instructors (53 female, 5 male), were evaluated, along with participants at 202 of the 239 horsemanship schools, resulting in a non-random, purposive sample of 2,701 completed questionnaires. Evaluations were grouped by county and year and compared to the scores of instructor teams who taught those groups. Questionnaires were analyzed for both all ages of participants and 4-H age (8-19) only.Analysis of data revealed that all participants perceived an increase in learning (M = 3.89, SD = 0.54) and competency (M = 3.90, SD = 0.50) after completing the horsemanship school. When analyzed separately, data with only 4-H ages indicated that participant learning and competency increased as rider age increased (p \< 0.01). Data showed no significant relationships among instructor teams\’ competency (pattern and speaking scores) and participants\’ learning and competency, either of all ages or 4-H ages only; however, significant positive relationships (p \< 0.01) were found between instructors\’ pattern and speaking scores, as well as between participants\’ learning and competency. No significant relationship was seen between instructor teams\’ scores on a specific horsemanship maneuver and the degree of perceived learning in the participants they taught on that same horsemanship maneuver. When participants of all ages were analyzed, data indicated that learning declined (p \< 0.05) as instructors taught more schools. Additionally, analysis of data pointed to a decline in learning (p \< 0.05) of participants of all ages, as the instructor got older, and when reviewing participants of 4-H age only, data revealed that both learning (p \< 0.01) and competency (p \< 0.05) were negatively related to instructor age. These results could be a starting point for future studies of the Texas A\&M AgriLife Extension Summer Horsemanship School Program.Analysis of data revealed that all participants perceived an increase in learning (M = 3.89, SD = 0.54) and competency (M = 3.90, SD = 0.50) after completing the horsemanship school. When analyzed separately, data with only 4-H ages indicated that participant learning and competency increased as rider age increased (p \< 0.01). Data showed no significant relationships among instructor teams\’ competency (pattern and speaking scores) and participants\’ learning and competency, either of all ages or 4-H ages only; however, significant positive relationships (p \< 0.01) were found between instructors\’ pattern and speaking scores, as well as between participants\’ learning and competency. No significant relationship was seen between instructor teams\’ scores on a specific horsemanship maneuver and the degree of perceived learning in the participants they taught on that same horsemanship maneuver. When participants of all ages were analyzed, data indicated that learning declined (p \< 0.05) as instructors taught more schools. Additionally, analysis of data pointed to a decline in learning (p \< 0.05) of participants of all ages, as the instructor got older, and when reviewing participants of 4-H age only, data revealed that both learning (p \< 0.01) and competency (p \< 0.05) were negatively related to instructor age. These results could be a starting point for future studies of the Texas A\&M AgriLife Extension Summer Horsemanship School Program.

}, url = {https://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/handle/1969.1/155468}, author = {Antilley, Teri J.} } @mastersthesis {9919, title = {A study of life skills from traditional and afterschool 4-H participants}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2015}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {J. Kreikemeier} } @article {7438, title = {Transformative learning and the 4-H camp counselor experience in Minnesota}, journal = {Journal of Human Sciences and Extension}, volume = {3}, year = {2015}, month = {October 2015}, pages = {1-17}, url = {https://www.jhseonline.com/article/view/740}, author = {Donna Leth and Michael S. Ratallick and Nancy K. Franz} } @article {7310, title = {Using an advisory group to obtain volunteer perspective for regional programming}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {53}, year = {2015}, abstract = {

A mixed methods research approach was used to gather input from volunteers and specialists. While specialists and volunteers had similar rankings of volunteer resources, problems, issues, trends, and tools, they disagreed on the prioritization of needs and concerns. A regional 4-H volunteer handbook was the result of the needs assessment.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2015october/a9.php}, author = {Kenneth Culp III and Harriett C. Edwards and Jenny W. Jordan} } @article {7427, title = {The 4-H Health Rocks! program in Florida: Outcomes on youth tobacco, alcohol, and other substance abuse prevention}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {9}, year = {2014}, pages = {66-76}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to determine the value of the Health Rocks! curriculum. Significant improvement in drug knowledge, drug beliefs, attitudes, and drug resistance skills for hundreds of youth reached in 2009-2012.

}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2014.60}, author = {M. Kumaran and K. Fogarty and A. Terminello and W. Fung} } @article {7585, title = {Acquisition, custody, and storage of firearms used in 4-H shooting sports programs}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {52}, year = {2014}, abstract = {

This article focuses on Oregon\&$\#$39;s Precautionary system used to administer its 4-H Shooting Sports program.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2014october/tt10.php}, author = {David J. White and Jedediah D. Smith} } @mastersthesis {9907, title = {Assessing anthropometric measurements, maturation stage and dietary intake of 9-10 year old children in the iCook 4-H pilot study}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2014}, school = {University of Maine}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Samantha Buttarazzi} } @mastersthesis {9906, title = {Assessing family dynamics of iCook 4-H participants in a five state pilot study}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2014}, school = {University of Maine}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/2160/}, author = {Meaghan Brown} } @article {7361, title = {Benchmarking professional development practices across youth serving organizations: Implications for Extension}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {52}, year = {2014}, abstract = {

4-H educators represented 27\% of the respondents, and indicated their most important need was learning to evaluate and report program effectiveness.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2014october/a2.php}, author = {Barry A. Garst and Sarah Baughman and Nancy Franz} } @mastersthesis {9909, title = {Defining and describing Ohio 4-H camp counselor core competencies}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2014}, note = {

JFS 11/5/14

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a competency model for 4-H camp counselors in Ohio. The Ohio 4-H Camp Counselor Competency Model was developed and 15 core competencies were identified. Implications for practice and the research process were outlined.

}, author = {Hannah Kohler Epley} } @article {7508, title = {Digital media creates youth voices heard}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {9}, year = {2014}, pages = {77-84}, abstract = {

This project created videos to education, and raise awareness to help solve farm, home and community problems. Participants indicated that creating videos, educating others and sharing their convictions on topics of horse therapy, citizenship, bullying, and distracted driving were important.

}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2014.61}, author = {Jeff Sallee and Corbin Dewitt} } @mastersthesis {9910, title = {The effect of social media communications on positive youth development: An analysis of 4-H Facebook pages and 4-H{\textquoteright}ers positive development}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2014}, school = {University of Alabama}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This study examined how youth-related organizations communicate with young members through social media in order to educate them and how young users perceive the effect and impact of such communication on their development. The results showed that 4-H Facebook posts increased the organizations interaction with its young members by building more connections and facilitating positive development of youth. Strategic communications through social media can increase interactions and potentially impact the development of positive traits that will aid youth in becoming more active and responsible citizens.

}, author = {Ah Ram Lee} } @article {7595, title = {Evaluating adolescent satisfaction of a 4-H leadership development conference}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {52}, year = {2014}, abstract = {

Seven years of evaluation data from the California 4-H State Leadership Conference was used to analyze the relationship among satisfaction and sense of belonging, feeling respected, and perceived competence. Perceived competence and feeling respected were significant and belonging was significant in two years. An ANCOVA demonstrated that youth participants who felt respected by youth in leadership roles predicted satisfaction more often than feeling respected by adults or peer participants.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2014april/rb4.php}, author = {Steven M. Worker} } @mastersthesis {9908, title = {Evaluation of the impacts of a Cooperative Extension 4-H nutrition education and gardening program on nutrition behavior and self-efficacy}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2014}, school = {University of Maine}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, address = {Orono, ME}, abstract = {

Food and Nutrition Sciences theses.

}, url = {https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/2208/}, author = {Elizabeth C. Dodge} } @article {7598, title = {Examining the use of social media among 4-H alumni in Louisiana}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {9}, year = {2014}, pages = {116-132}, abstract = {

Purpose of study was to determine preferences for social media among 4-H alumni. A 24-item instrument was developed. The preferred methods were: Facebook and text messaging. Smart phones and personal computers were also used. 100\% of the surveyed 4-H alums use social media mostly to communicate with friends, view photographs, and as a form of updating themselves.

}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2016.465}, author = {Kali Boudreaux Zammit} } @article {7561, title = {Explaining research utilization among 4-H faculty, staff, and volunteers: The role of self-efficacy, goal orientation, training, and previous experience}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {9}, year = {2014}, pages = {133-148}, abstract = {

Structural equation modeling Faculty, staff and volunteers (n=368), representing 35 states, was used to investigate the utilization of research evidence. The major factor impacting research utilization was self-efficacy which was positively influenced by participants\&$\#$39; learning, goal orientation, frequency of 4-H training during the last 12 months, education in research related areas, and investigative career interests. Regular 4-H training opportunities and on-going exposure to program evaluation and improvement experiences were suggested.

}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2014.65}, author = {Julieanne Tillmann and Lynette H. Bikos} } @mastersthesis {10012, title = {The Factors that Influence the Involvement of Youth In Pennsylvania 4-H Extension District 16 Livestock Programs}, volume = {Masters}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, school = {Pennsylvania State University}, url = {https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/22560}, author = {Weikert, Ben Spangler} } @article {7236, title = {From 4-H international youth exchange to global citizen: Common pathways of ten past program participants}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {9}, year = {2014}, abstract = {

Qualitative study to examine the life course of 10 adults who participated as youth in the 4-H International Exchange program. The study explored pathways that led each participant to the experience and how that experience led to other international experiences. Using a grounded theory approach, the data were analyzed through selective , open and axial codings forming a common pathway among participants. Suggested recommendations for international youth exchange programs are provided.

}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2014.62}, author = {Mary E. Arnold and Jamie Davis and Aimee L. Corliss} } @mastersthesis {9912, title = {Impact of 4-H civic engagement education on communities: A measure of social capital in 4-H alumni}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2014}, school = {University of Florida}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Alumni of the Florida 4-H legislature program were surveyed to determine current community engagement as it relates to the five constructs of social capital: Groups and Networks, Trust and Solidarity, Cooperation, Collective Action, and Empowerment and Political Action. The study found that service learning in 4-H develops competencies that will be continued into adulthood. The study reinforced the reflection and application process of Kolb\&$\#$39;s (1984) experiential learning model and the \"learn by doing\" approach through 4-H. Empowerment and Political Action and Groups and Networks social capital were more apparent among 4-H alums than those not participating previously in the 4-H program. The recommendations: using social capital to measure community impact provides 4-H an opportunity to demonstrate public value as a youth development organization both in the development of citizenship and communities. The study also recommended that Florida 4-H integrate social capital measurement into its evaluation system.

}, url = {https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0046588/00001/citation}, author = {Deborah Nistler} } @article {7457, title = {Impact of 4-H on alumni{\textquoteright}s community involvement}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {52}, year = {2014}, abstract = {

The qualitative, non-experimental descriptive study measured how being an alumni of the Texas 4-H program influenced their current decisions toward community involvement. The alums were former Texas 4-H member 18 years and older. The study confirmed that alums stayed involved in community organizations (4-H, church, and fair board) and held leadership positions (mostly president and secretary).

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2014october/rb8.php}, author = {Kyle Merten and Darlene Locke and Montza Williams and Meredith Carter and Kelli Lehman} } @mastersthesis {10006, title = {Junior Master Gardener{\textregistered} Programs in Rural Guatemala: A Model for International Youth Development Programs}, volume = {Masters}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, school = {Texas A \& M University}, abstract = {

This study examined the impact of selected Junior Master Gardeners (JMG) lessons on students\’ science knowledge gain, science attitudes, and life skill development. During summer 2013, sixth grade students (N = 84) and teachers (N = 11) from two rural schools in Guatemala participated in six weeks of JMG lessons. Students completed pre-and post- science knowledge tests, and pre-and post- science attitude and life skills surveys. Teachers completed surveys to evaluate their perceptions of JMG lessons and perceived impacts those lessons had on students\’ science learning and attitudes, and development of life skills.Results showed that students\’ science knowledge significantly increased as a result of their participation in JMG lessons. No change in attitude toward science was observed in the student data; however, data from teachers\’ surveys indicated that teachers perceived JMG lessons were important in stimulating students\’ desires to learn science and in increasing students\’ interests in science. No significant change in students\’ perceptions of life skills development was observed; data from teachers\’ surveys indicated they perceived JMG lessons were important in helping students develop life skills such as communications and leadership. The lack of significant change in students\’ science attitudes and life skills development may be attributed to low internal reliability scores for both scales. Many previous studies conducted in the U.S. indicate that participation in 4-H, JMG, and other agricultural education activities facilitates changes in attitudes toward science and life skill development. Future studies should address instrument reliability issues to improve research in this field or rely more heavily on teacher evaluation of JMG programs since research suggests that adults are better able to assess changes in attitudes and skills than youth.Overall, this study suggests that there is great potential for the use of JMG programs in developing countries. Because of their impact on science education, science attitude, and life skills development, JMG programs should be accepted as viable tools for international development projects working toward a stronger, more educated, and more capable youth population in developing countries. Both science knowledge and life skills development are closely tied with economic prosperity and successful livelihoods so by giving youth these skills, JMG is preparing them for a better future. Before incorporating JMG into development projects, more time should be invested in adapting JMG lessons and activities to a rural Guatemalan context to maximize learning and ease of adoption.

}, url = {https://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/handle/1969.1/152461}, author = {Mcgucken, Anna Mae} } @article {7478, title = {Knowledge, attitudes, and commitment concerning evidence-based prevention programs: Differences between family and consumer sciences and 4-H youth development educators}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {52}, year = {2014}, note = {

Article 3FEA6

}, month = {June 2014}, abstract = {

Differences were examined among FCS and 4-H youth development educators related to knowledge, perceptions and attitudes towards evidence-based and other prevention programs. FCS educators were more knowledgeable of evidence-based programs and had more favorable perceptions and attitudes toward-evidence based and other pre-packaged programs.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2014june/a6.php}, author = {D. Perkins and Claudia C. Mincemoyer and S. Chilenski and R. Spoth and J. Olson} } @mastersthesis {9911, title = {Parental perceptions and expectations of the North Carolina State 4-H Summer Camping Program regarding the development of targeted life skills}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {2014}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, url = {http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/9887}, author = {Joseph Buxton Long} } @article {7434, title = {A partnership model for evaluation: Considering an alternate approach to the Internal-External Evaluation Debate}, journal = {American Journal of Evaluation}, volume = {35}, year = {2014}, month = {March 2014}, pages = {61-72}, abstract = {

The article focuses on a partnership approach to evaluation of a national 4-H science initiative that engaged both internal and external evaluators as well as key stakeholders. This study involved both an internal and external approach and key stakeholders. Strategies and suggestions were provided to implement this approach in other complex, multipartner organizations.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1098214013506600}, author = {Suzanne M. Le Menestrel and Jill S. Walahoski and Monica B. Mielke} } @article {7583, title = {Possession, transportation, and use of firearms by older youth in 4-H shooting sports programs}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {52}, year = {2014}, abstract = {

Thirty years ago we would think nothing of driving to school with a jackknife in our pocket or rifle in the gun rack. Since then, the practices of possessing, transporting, and using firearms have been limited by laws, rules, and public perception. Despite restrictions on youth, the Youth Handgun Safety Act does afford 4-H shooting sports members certain rights. This Tools of the Trade highlights the relevant laws and explains the strategy used in Oregon 4-H to help its youth responsibly possess, transport, and use firearms for legitimate purposes.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2014june/tt9.php}, author = {David J. White and S. Todd Williver} } @article {7264, title = {A qualitative evaluation of the 4-H record book in light of the PYD concepts: Belonging, mastery, independence, and generosity}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {9}, year = {2014}, pages = {99-115}, abstract = {

Utilizing qualitative methods, 21 participants (14 leaders, 9 recent 4-H alumni) from 9 states. Researchers questioned whether of not the traditionally formatted record book is appropriate for all 4-H members. Authors recommended that record book committees engage with professionals with developmental expertise.

}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2014.63}, author = {Lynette H. Bikos and Deanna M. Haney and Katie Kirkpatrick-Husk and Serena Hsia} } @mastersthesis {9914, title = {Student demographics, academic performance, and faculty perceptions of equine students at The Ohio State University}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2014}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The typical student in this study had no experience in 4-H or FFA/ though faculty indicated that they though they had. Author recommends faculty should require data characterizing students enrolled in introductory equine studies.

}, url = {http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397654291}, author = {Jennifer Williams Southworth} } @mastersthesis {9913, title = {We are not all one puzzle piece: Youth voice, homelessness and positive youth development}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2014}, school = {Oregon State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

A youth-centered inductive approach, adolescents\&$\#$39; opinions and views on\  positive development, well-being, strengths and success were sent through ten focus groups with 18 homeless youth and 20 non-homeless (4-H) youth, ages 12-17. Manuscript one addresses the discrepancies in youth views and experiences by subgroup homeless or 4-H. The analysis revealed that that homeless youth demonstrated deeper self-awareness in the strengths of their personal qualities. 4-H youth cited their strengths in terms of activity related accomplishments. Homeless youth adapted to their lacking ecologies, such as non-supportive parents, as they sought out other health promoting relationships in their place. Homeless youth also viewed risk avoidance as an aspect of dong well, unlike 4-H youth. Manuscript two compared youth\&$\#$39;s collective perspectives of doing well.

Youth were focused on the future and reaching their goals, including enjoyable careers and educational achievements. The youth also valued social skills, especially humor and humility in relating to people to be successful. Unexpectedly youth held different interpretations of what is traditionally understood as character and how character is conceptualized by the positive youth development framework. Final statement: By recognizing the unique perspectives of youth from divergent enjoinments, programming, theory, and policy involving positive development and strengths-based approaches can more effectively represent the strengths and views of youth from diverse backgrounds.

}, author = {Brooke Dolenc Nott} } @article {7547, title = {4-H out of school time STEM education}, journal = {Children{\textquoteright}s Technology and Engineering}, volume = {18}, year = {2013}, pages = {16-20}, author = {Steven M. Sorker and R. L. Mahacek} } @article {7348, title = {4-H youth development professionals{\textquoteright} perceptions of youth development core competencies}, journal = {Journal of Human Sciences and Extension}, volume = {1}, year = {2013}, month = {June 2013}, pages = {31-48}, abstract = {

This descriptive study was to assess the perceived level of competence among 4-H agents in Mississippi. Based on the 4-H Professional Research, Knowledge, and Competency Model (Stone \& Rennekamp, 2004). Staff felt most competent in the areas of current youth issues, career opportunities for youth, and family structures/relationships. Staff felt least competent in the area of mental development of youth. No one identified themselves as an expert in any area.

}, url = {https://www.jhseonline.com/article/view/665}, author = {Janet Fox and Diane Sasser and Lisa Arcemont} } @mastersthesis {9900, title = {Acculturation orientation of Indiana 4-H adult volunteers toward minorities}, year = {2013}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Acculturation is the phenomenon which results when groups from differing backgrounds come into contact. These interactions are a combination of maintaining one\&$\#$39;s own original cultural values and adopting other groups\&$\#$39; cultural values. From these variables, there are four main outcomes of acculturation: Integration, Assimilation, Marginalization, and Separation. The purpose of this study was to assess the acculturation orientations of 4-H adult volunteers toward minorities. The research questions of the study were: 1) what are the acculturation orientations of 4-H adult volunteers toward minorities? 2) How do 4-H adult volunteers\&$\#$39; desired choice of minority acculturation strategies compare to their perception of currently adopted acculturation strategies of minorities? 3) Are there differences among 4-H adult volunteers\&$\#$39; acculturation orientations across each domain? Additional objectives of the study were to determine if a difference exists between what participants perceive to have happened and what they would like to happen in terms of minorities acculturating with the mainstream culture. The final objective was to determine if a difference exists between acculturation orientations that were adopted by participants within different life domains.

This study was guided by the conceptual framework of the Relative Acculturation Extended Model (RAEM). A questionnaire was adapted from the Acculturation Scale (Navas \& Rojas, personal communication, October 22, 2012). Questionnaires were collected from a convenience sample of Indiana 4-H adult volunteers (n = 1,253). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics including means, standard deviations, frequencies, and percentages. One sample t tests were used to describe mean differences in the real and ideal situations as well as each domain. Findings indicated that the majority of participants adopted the Integration orientation in both the Real and Ideal situations across all domains. Recommendations are provided to guide future research as well as implications for theory and practice.

}, url = {https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/dissertations/AAI1544435/}, author = {Lindsay A. Myers} } @article {7845, title = {Agricultural innovations and technologies 4-H challenge and demonstrations: Final Report}, year = {2013}, author = {Ministry of Agriculture Saskatchewan} } @mastersthesis {9892, title = {Boundary spanning actors in urban 4-H: An action research case study}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {2013}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Study explored how managers of outlying audiences span the boundaries between supporting institutions and the audiences they serve. Data were collected through interviews with organization leaders, urban youth educators, and from 8 states. Many conclusions were drawn from the findings and implications discussed. Author indicated that action research serves as individual professional development and potential organizational learning.

}, url = {https://esploro.libs.uga.edu/esploro/outputs/9949334358902959}, author = {Victoria Dotson David} } @mastersthesis {10004, title = {A Case Study Comparing Participants vs Non-Participants of the Texas 4-H Livestock Ambassador Program in Relation to Animal Science Knowledge, Leadership, Career Development, and Higher Education Knowledge Gained}, volume = {Masters}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, school = {Texas A \& M University}, abstract = {

Selected former Texas 4-H Livestock Ambassadors as well as former Texas 4-H members that are currently enrolled in Texas A\&M University and Texas Tech University participated in an interview to determine the effectiveness of both programs in relation to several specific aspects. Five former ambassadors were selected from each institution, resulting in ten total participants. Just as well, five former 4-H members were selected from each institution resulting in ten total control group participants. The focuses of the study related to the following four criteria: 1) How did the T4HLA Program (or Texas 4-H Program) benefit the participants in terms of college preparation? 2) How did the T4HLA Program (or Texas 4-H Program) prepare the participants for determining a career path within agriculture? 3) How did the T4HLA Program (or Texas 4-H Program) allow you to develop leadership skills? 4) How did the T4HLA Program (or Texas 4-H Program) provide information specifically related to animal science knowledge? The results of the study verified the benefits of the T4HLA Program in relation to the targeted areas of higher education knowledge gained, leadership skills developed, agricultural careers explored, and practical animal science knowledge gained. The benefits of the program ensured that a very practical set of skills were being disseminated to the participants. Just as well, the 4-H member\’s development in relation to life skills (public speaking, communication, team work, etc.) was magnified during their 4-H membership as well.

}, url = {https://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/handle/1969.1/151737}, author = {Isbell, Elizabeth Ann} } @mastersthesis {10014, title = {A Case Study: Motivational Attributes of 4-H participants engaged in Robotics}, volume = {Doctoral}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, address = {Mississippi State University}, url = {https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td/38}, author = {Smith, Mariah} } @mastersthesis {9898, title = {Characteristics of 4-H participants and their psychosocial development}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2013}, school = {Utah State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1767/}, author = {Lauralee Lyons} } @article {7465, title = {Current Practices for Training Staff to Accommodate Youth with Special Health Care Needs in the 4-H Camp Setting}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {51}, year = {2013}, note = {

Research in Brief 1RIB4

}, month = {February 2013}, abstract = {

The theory of inclusion is the foundation for the study. Results include current practices, strengths, weaknesses, and the comparison of such practices at 4-H and ACA camps. Camps are encouraged to use the conclusions from the study in planning and improvement efforts.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2013february/rb4.php}, author = {Lauren Mouton and Jacklyn Antoinette Bruce} } @mastersthesis {9902, title = {Development and validation of the 4-H research utilization self-efficacy scale}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2013}, school = {Seattle Pacific University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Julieanne Tillmann} } @mastersthesis {10033, title = {The Development of Career Maturity and Career Decision Self-Efficacy Among High-School Aged Youth Enrolled in the Texas 4-H Healthy Lifestyles Program}, volume = {Doctoral}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, school = {Texas A \& M University}, url = {https : / /hdl .handle .net /1969 .1 /151315}, author = {Courtney Felder Dodd} } @article {7431, title = {Diversity inclusion in 4-H youth programs: Examining the perceptions among West Virginia 4-H Youth Professionals}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {51}, year = {2013}, note = {

Article 4FEA1

}, month = {August 2013}, abstract = {

The study sought to examin the perceptions of 4-H youth professionals toward diversity inclusion in 4-H programs. A majority positively reported that there are benefits for youth of color and youth with disabilities in 4-H youth programs. Respondents also indicated that the lack of information received by potential participants was the greatest barrier to diversity-inclusive 4-H programs.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2013august/a1.php}, author = {Douglas LaVergne} } @article {7488, title = {Effectiveness of the 4-H program as perceived by parents of 4-H participants}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {51}, year = {2013}, note = {

Research in Brief 4RIB8

}, month = {August 2013}, abstract = {

This study examined the effectiveness of the 4-H program as perceived by parents of program participants. A descriptive-correlational designed was employed, with data collected using a mail survey. Parents perceived 4-H as an effective organzation in teaching life skills to youth. Significant relationships were found between parents\&$\#$39; skills and skills outh learn in 4-H. Two variables--skills and belonging--explained 28.8 percent of the variance in youth life skills, suggesting when parents view their children\&$\#$39;s participation in 4-H is important and helps demonstrate the importance of life skills, youth learn needed life skills--cmmunications, decision making and goal setting.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2013august/rb8.php}, author = {Rama B. Radhakrishna and C. Foley and Patreese D. Ingram and John C. Ewing} } @article {7594, title = {Embracing scientific and engineering practices in 4-H}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {51}, year = {2013}, abstract = {

A fundamental component of the 4-H Science Initiative is to provide opportunities to aid in science process skills. Refocusing 4-H efforts on a socio-cultural framework of science education that emphasizes a participation oriented framework towards learning scientific and engineering practices ensures 4-H programs are affording youth high quality learning experiences.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2013june/iw3.php}, author = {Steven M. Worker} } @mastersthesis {10002, title = {Evaluation of 4-H and FFA Members Scores on the 2011-2012 Texas Quality Counts Verification Exam}, volume = {Masters}, year = {2013}, month = {2013}, school = {Texas A \& M University}, abstract = {

Experimental results indicated that dolomite dissolution rates increased in all the acid solutions as the disk rotational speeds increased at 150, 200, and 250oF. The dissolution of dolomite in 0.886 M GLDA was found to be surface-reaction limited at lower temperatures and mass-transfer limited at highest temperature. GLDA with the lowest reaction rates and relative diffusion coefficient demonstrated retardation before spending with deeper penetration capability for productivity and injectivity improvement.The purpose of this study was to analyze the Texas Quality Counts Verification Exam for junior and senior aged 4-H and FFA members. The Texas Quality Counts program was developed due to a need for teaching livestock ethics and care to the youth of Texas and it strives to teach youth how to produce a safe and wholesome livestock product for the consumer.An analysis of youth scores between 2011 and 2012 was done to determine how well youth were scoring on the Texas Quality Counts Verification Exam. Out of the 91,733 attempts, 18,204 were taken by juniors and 73,572 were taken by seniors. Junior level attempts show a fairly even spread among self-identified membership in 4-H and FFA, while senior level attempts saw a much greater spread in membership, with 73\% of attempts taken by youth who identified themselves as a member in FFA. Overall, 78\% of junior level youth were able to pass the exam on their first attempt, and showed a range of mean attempts between 1.13 and 1.47 based on age. Senior level youth, on the other hand, had only 47\% pass on their first attempt and had a range of mean attempts between 2.21 and 2.54 based on age. The means of scores on the exam were calculated for juniors and seniors, with 0.85 and 0.71 respectively. To determine if there were any differences in scores between self-identified membership in 4-H, FFA, or both 4-H and FFA, a oneway ANOVA for junior and senior members was conducted. Both junior and senior age groups showed a significant difference between the three membership categories (p=0.001).

}, url = {https://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/handle/1969.1/149419}, author = {Grube, Brittany C.} } @booklet {7201, title = {Examining results and providing for continuous improvement: evaluation of the fourth Western Regional 4-H Institute}, year = {2013}, author = {G. Varrella and J. Baca and B. Luckey and C. Peters} } @article {7270, title = {Factors influencing 4-H leader volunteer recruitment and retention}, journal = {Journal of the NACAA}, volume = {6}, year = {2013}, month = {December 2013}, abstract = {

A desriptive research study was conducted to identify factors that influence volunteers to join and continue to volunteer. Findings: The study indicated leaders considered the 4-H program to be effective, intrinsic motivation of benefitting the community and helping people were considered to beh the persuading factors why 4-H leaders join and conintue to volunteer. Problems sited by leaders wre: time commitment, children no longer involved and burnout. 4-H leaders are persuaded to stay through ongoing rainings, continued awareness of resources and curriculum by way of newsletters, phone calls, and e-mails that meet the needs of the 4-H leaders.

}, url = {https://www.nacaa.com/journal/92d3d3b7-13f3-4f52-a8ff-186a25f747d1}, author = {D. Boone and Rachael L. Payne and H. Boone and Jean Marie Woloshuk} } @mastersthesis {9896, title = {iCook 4-H: Assessment of physical activity in 9-10 year old children participating in a family-centered pilot intervention}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2013}, school = {South Dakota State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Alyssa Koens} } @mastersthesis {9903, title = {Improving recruitment and training for 4-H STEM youth robotics program volunteers}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2013}, note = {

jfs 11/5/14

}, school = {Montana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

4-H volunteer robotics training workshops were evaluated for effectiveness. The training workshops used LEGO Mindstorms kits and software. Findings from the study showed a positive, supportive environment can help volunteers overcome past fears and negative feelings toward science. Volunteers need additional help from 4-H staff to gain enough knowledge to lead a youth robotics activity.

}, url = {https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/2850}, author = {Cindy Watson Pottebaum} } @mastersthesis {9894, title = {Knowledge, perceptions, and experiences of secondary agriculture teachers and 4-H agents regarding global agricultural issues}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2013}, school = {University of Florida}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study was to assess the international experiences, knowledge, attitudes, and benefits of secondary school teachers and 4-H extension agents regarding global agricultural issues. Survey design was used to sample the FFA national career network and NAE4-HA agents nationwide. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and T-tests revealed that teachers and agents differed significantly on several experiences. Differences were also found between demographic variables, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs.

}, url = {http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0045533/00001}, author = {Sara D. Hurst} } @booklet {7100, title = {Kurpitsa ja lippa: lapsia osallistav ilmaisullisen kerhon suunnittelu}, year = {2013}, abstract = {

This practice based thesis was commissioned by the 4-H Association in Hameenlinna area. The cooperation with the asosciation started in 2011, during a locum-tenency as a club instructor. In the fall of 2012, the idea of the thesis was born. The 4-H association had a need for a self-expression club which would engage childen. The target group for the club consisted of 6-10 year old children. The children participated in the planning of the club by drawing, giving interviews and testing the plan. The instructors answered an inquiry regarding the plan. The challenge was the different level of development between children of 6 and 10 years of age. Using the perspective of drama education when choosing he exercises and games added an expressive aspect to the club. The result of the study was a set of implementaion plans for six club sessions, which the 4-H association in the area can use as they want in the future.
The self-expression club engages children and uses drama education as a starting point. There are many games, easy drama exercises and improvisation. Parts of the plan were tested by children and were found workable.

}, author = {Sarina Pulkka} } @mastersthesis {9895, title = {Less corn and more culture: Vocal music activities in Iowa{\textquoteright}s rural schools and neighborhoods, 1900-1940}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2013}, school = {University of Iowa}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study explores the roots, growth and significance of vocal music activities in Iowa\&$\#$39;s rural schools and communities from 1900 to 1940. 4-H activities incorporated music and club girls and farm women\&$\#$39;s groups studied and performed the opera, The Bohemian Girl.

}, author = {Erin Anne Kaufman} } @mastersthesis {9904, title = {Making the best better: 4-H and rural anxiety in the early twentieth century}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2013}, note = {

Added 11/5/14. JFS

}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Historical research study created to support 4-H as part of the Progressive Movement.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.31274/etd-180810-3425}, author = {Margaret Baker Weber} } @article {7544, title = {More effective professional development can help 4-H volunteers address need for youth scientific literacy}, journal = {California Agriculture}, volume = {67}, year = {2013}, abstract = {

Professional development models that involve communities of practice have been shown to be effective to help meet the professional development needs of 4-H volunteers who implement science programming with youth.

}, url = {https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4n40k4vn}, author = {Martin H. Smith and Lynn Schmitt-McQuitty} } @article {7599, title = {Perceptions of Texas 4-H livestock ambassadors on career development, higher education, and leadership development}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {51}, year = {2013}, abstract = {

Selected 4-H youth participated in the Texas 4-H Livestock Ambassador program. Forty-five youth participated in the 3 day program delivered by university professors and staff. An instrument wsa developed and administered to the ambassadors at the end of their first year of service. The findings indicaed that the ambassador program increased their understanding of career development, higher education, and leadership development.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2013december/rb6.php}, author = {William F. Zanolini and John Rayfield and Jeff Ripley} } @article {7518, title = {A phenomenological look at 4-H volunteer motives for service}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {51}, year = {2013}, abstract = {

Also published as a thesis under, \"Schrock\".

The research reported used McClelland\&$\#$39;s (1985) framework for motivation (affiliation, achievement, and power) and phenomenological research design to discover what motivates volunteers to serve as leaders for a 4-H club. The findings support McClelland\&$\#$39;s description of the need for affiliation and achievment. It is recommended that Extension volunteer leaders select volunteers that exhibit a high need for affiliation and achiement to serve the 4-H organization.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2013april/rb1.php}, author = {Jessalyn Schrock and Kathleen C. Kelsey} } @article {9988, title = {The Positive Development of Youth: Comprehensive Findings from the 4-h Study of Positive Youth Development}, year = {2013}, pages = {55p.}, institution = {Tufts University}, address = {Medford, MA}, abstract = {

For more than a decade, preeminent youth development scholars, Drs. Richard M. Lerner and Jacqueline V. Lerner, and the team at the Institute for Applied Research in Youth Development at Tufts University, Medford, MA, partnered with faculty at America\’s land-grant universities to conduct research on positive youth development and 4-h. The result is a model that is driving new thinking and approaches to youth development around the world. This report\ reviews the multi-year research findings.

}, url = {https://4-h.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/4-H-Study-of-Positive-Youth-Development-Full-Report.pdf}, author = {Richard M. Lerner and Jacqueline V. Lerner} } @mastersthesis {9905, title = {Project knowledge of 4-H members who participated in the equine skillathon at the West Virginia State Fair}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2013}, school = {West Virginia State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kolby Denae Wyant} } @mastersthesis {9899, title = {Promoting wellness in youth through experiential learning at summer camp}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2013}, note = {

JFS-11/5/14

}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study was conducted by the Wellmark Foundation at the Iowa 4-H Center near Madrid, IA in 2012. The project goal was to immerse campers in a five day health-related intervention. Control campers received the traditional camping experience. At six months post-camp, campers scored higher in preferred home environment and garden vegetable consumption. There was no statistical difference between genders, but a difference between genders in the likelihood of meeting age specific fruit/vegetable recommendations.

}, url = {https://dr.lib.iastate.edu/handle/20.500.12876/27717}, author = {Elizabeth Anne Mabary} } @mastersthesis {9901, title = {A qualitative analysis of 4-H program logic models}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2013}, school = {Montclair State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Stephanie Phelan} } @mastersthesis {9891, title = {Recruitment and retention of special interest club adult volunteers by Illinois 4-H staff}, year = {2013}, school = {University of Wisconsin, River Falls}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Melissa Bender} } @mastersthesis {9897, title = {Transformative learning and the 4-H camp counselor experience}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2013}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to examine outcomes of the camping experience for counselors. The participants in the study experienced transformative learning as a result of their experience as camp counselors. Returning counselors benefitted more than first year counselors. Leading to personal transformation included counselors feeling accepted, feeling like they belonged, and the camp feeling safe, and the opportunity to trust others and be open.

}, url = {https://dr.lib.iastate.edu/handle/20.500.12876/27711}, author = {Donna Leff} } @article {7261, title = {Understanding the knowledge and use of experiential learning within Pennsylvania 4-H clubs}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {51}, year = {2013}, abstract = {

Experiential learning is incorporated into the Natinal 4-H curriculum. However, the state 4-H staff in Pennsylania is unsure of the current knowledge and use of experiential learning within the local 4-H clubs. An online survey was distributed to Extension educators and volunteer leaders within Pennsylvania to assess the current knowledge and use of experiential learning in the state. After reviewing the results of the study, it is recommended that additional training and resources be made available to local volunteer leaders.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2013october/rb7.php}, author = {Robyn Bechtel and John C. Ewing and Mark Threeton and Claudia Mincemoyer} } @article {7423, title = {Using multiple youth programming delivery modes to drive the development of social capital in 4-H participants}, journal = {New Directions for Youth Development}, year = {2013}, month = {June 2013}, pages = {61-73}, doi = {10.1002/yd.20058}, author = {Sharon Kinsey} } @mastersthesis {9885, title = {4-H and civic engagement: The evolution of 4-H in the United States, 1980-present}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2012}, school = {Ohio University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Columbus, OH}, url = {http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1331256156}, author = {Brittany N. Pangburn} } @article {9987, title = {4-H and Forestry Afterschool Clubs: A Collaboration to Foster Stewardship Attitudes and Behaviors in Youth}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {50}, year = {2012}, abstract = {

The University of Minnesota Extension\&$\#$39;s 4-H and Forestry Afterschool program combined the 4-H structure and various forestry curricula to foster positive attitudes towards the environment and stewardship-related behaviors as these may serve as precursors to later choices that benefit the environment. Evaluation of third through fifth grade club members revealed statistically significant changes in attitudes and behavior. Recommendations for implementing this model are provided.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2012june/iw4.php}, author = {Angela S. Gupta and Samantha Grant and Andrea Lorek Strauss} } @article {7543, title = {4-H boosts youth scientific literacy with ANR water education curriculum}, journal = {California Agriculture}, volume = {66}, year = {2012}, abstract = {

Preliminary results from a pilot test with high school youth on the There\&$\#$39;s No New Water curriculum.

}, url = {https://escholarship.org/uc/item/62h8v687}, author = {Martin H. Smith and Katherine E. Heck and Steven M. Worker} } @article {7394, title = {4-H participation and science interest in youth}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {50}, year = {2012}, abstract = {

The study investigated the impacts of participation in 4-H on youhg people\&$\#$39;s interest and participation in science. Survey data were colleced from ethnically related samples of elementary and high school aged youth in California. Results indicated that elementary grade 4-H members were not more interested in science than other youth, but by high school, 4-H is associated with a greater number of science classes.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2012april/a5.php}, author = {Katherine E. Heck and Ramona M. Carlos and Cynthia Barnett and Martin H. Smith} } @article {7541, title = {Assessment of bio-security risks associated with 4-H animal sciences exhibition practices in California}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {50}, year = {2012}, abstract = {

Bio-security related to animal agriculture is a high priority issue. Data collected at the California State Fair and eight county fairs in the north central region of California were used to assess existing bio-security risks associated with 4-H project animals. Disease transmission risks associated with exhibition practices, included housing and visitor contact.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2012june/a10.php}, author = {Martin H. Smith and Cheryl L. Meehan} } @mastersthesis {9876, title = {California State 4-H interview contest and manual}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {2012}, school = {California Polytechnic State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, abstract = {

Young people lack information and practice in order to feel confident in interview situation. A 128-page manual was compiled with lessons on preparing for an interview and contest guidelines with materials, and a second evaluation contest. The project was evaluated based on: the needs of participants, if a contest was held, the number of participants and the contest\&$\#$39;s overall success as determined in the guidelines of the manual. The contest provided a place where skills could be practiced and refined. The author determined that contest participants exhibited 208\% growth in an area needed by youth for workforce and adult life preparedness.

}, url = {https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/agedsp/11/}, author = {Kelly M. Bishop} } @mastersthesis {9881, title = {A case study of Ohio State University{\textquoteright}s 2009 Restructuring: Perceptions of Area Leaders and Regional Directors}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2012}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the case study was to describe the implementation of an area structure in the Ohio State University Extension organization. Qualitative research methodology was used to develop a case studies to determine various viewpoints within the organization and what worked or did not work well in the restructuring process. Conclusions from the findings indicated that Ohio State University evolved from a singular to more collaborative county entities and specialized and connected educators. Underlying dynamics of funding, programming, and staffing affecting reorganization and processes were apparent throughout the study.

}, author = {Frances Harker} } @article {7558, title = {County clustering for the California 4-H youth development program: Impacts and lessons learned}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {50}, year = {2012}, abstract = {

A pilot leadership plan was proposed for California\&$\#$39;s 4-H youth Development Program. The plan was piloted for two years to provide insight into how county clustering could support Extension staff to increase and enhance program consistency.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2012april/a4.php}, author = {Aarti Subramaniam and Harry Steve Dasher and Jane Chin Young} } @mastersthesis {9875, title = {Description and analysis of the perceived knowledge, use and effectiveness of experiential learning in Pennsylvania 4-H clubs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2012}, school = {Pennsylvania State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This study examined the perceived knowledge, use, and effectiveness of experiential learning within Pennsylvania 4-H clubs using an on-line survey of Extension educators and volunteer. Though only 16\% of the volunteer leaders indicated that they were knowledgeable of the term experiential learning, 68 percent indicated they used experiential learning within club activities. The Extension educators reported a higher composite mean score compared to volunteer leaders in the categories of knowledge and effectiveness of experiential learning. A follow-up should be conducted to determine if all the steps of the experiential learning model are being incorporated.

}, author = {Robyn Bechtel} } @mastersthesis {9886, title = {The development and understanding of responsibility through the role of Ohio 4-H camp counselor}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2012}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Columbus, OH}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to learn about the process of responsibility development as it develops through participation in the 4-H camp counseling program. The objectives were to (a) determine what contributes to teens becoming more responsible through their role as 4-H camp counselors, and (b) understand the role of adults in the development of responsibility in 4-H camp counselor. An non-experimental design incorporating both qualitative and quantitative methods was used. Five data sets were collected, which reflected different perspectives (teens, observer, and adult leaders). The findings documented that teens clearly knew what it meant to be responsible and they recognized both positive and negative consequences that may result from how they perform their role. The conditions that contribute, include: the setting where it occurs, the interactions of the people involved and the nature of roles to be performed. Adults played an integral role. Conceptual models were developed to represent the process from the viewpoint of the teens and from the adult leaders.

}, url = {http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343757858}, author = {Leslie Risch} } @mastersthesis {9877, title = {Diffusion of social media among county 4-H programs in Tennessee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2012}, school = {University of Tennessee, Knoxville}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study to describe social media use was conducted via an online survey distributed to 4-H leaders in Tennessee, receiving a 49 percent (n=196) response rate. The most commonly used was Facebook, YouTube and Twitter. Most felt that these were efficient and effective ways to communicate information to their audience.

}, author = {Rebekah Dawn Bowen} } @article {7577, title = {Eat, grow, lead 4-H: An innovative approach to deliver campus-based field experiences to pre-entry Extension educators}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {50}, year = {2012}, abstract = {

Eat, grow, lead 4-H club was created as a pilot program for college students seeking to gain experience as non-formal youth educators, specifically serving pre-entry level Extension educators through a university-based 4-H club. Seventeen student volunteers contributed an estimated 630 hours of service to the club during spring 2011. The club served 23 children of students living on-campus hoursing at Oklahoma State University. The primary purpose for sharing this \"idea at work?\" is to encourage university faculty to create similar programs to serve college students seeking careers as Extension educators.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2012december/iw4.php}, author = {Penny Pennington Weeks and William G. Weeks} } @conference {9948, title = {Effectiveness of 4-H Program as Perceived by Parents of 4-H Participants}, booktitle = {North Central American Association for Agricultural Education Conference}, year = {2012}, note = {

This paper begins on page 120 of the proceedings

}, month = {2012}, address = {Urbana-Champaign, IL}, url = {http://aaaeonline.org/Resources/Documents/Research\%20Conference\%20Proceedings,\%20North\%20Central\%202012.pdf}, author = {Radhakrishna, Rama B and Foley, Caitlin and Ewing, John C and Ingram, Patrreese D} } @article {6883, title = {Engaging youth, serving community: Social change lessons from a 4-H rural youth development program}, year = {2012}, doi = {10.2139/ssrn.2198046}, author = {Donna J. Peterson and Barbara A. Baker and JoAnne Leatherman and Michael E. Newman and Sally Miske} } @mastersthesis {9878, title = {Equipped to serve our youth: A phenomenological study of 4-H Extension Youth Educator{\textquoteright}s perceptions of the value of mentoring}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2012}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, address = {Baton Rouge, LA}, abstract = {

The study examined mentoring relationships for new 4-H youth 4-H youth educators. Seven 4-H youth educators, hired within the past one to five years participated in the study. Several components that contribute to successful, professional development rela

}, url = {https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/4031/}, author = {Allison Ann Bruchhaus} } @mastersthesis {9888, title = {The evaluation of an educational program to prevent hearing loss in 4-H members in West Virginia}, volume = {D.N.P.}, year = {2012}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Crystal R. Sherman} } @mastersthesis {9890, title = {Examining the use of social media among 4-H alumni in Louisiana}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2012}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Baton Rouge, LA}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to examine the use and determine the preferred method of social media among 4-H alumni in Louisiana. Based on a review of literature, communicating with youth through social media has become a major trend and necessity, espec

}, url = {https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/1409/}, author = {Kali Boudreaux Zammit} } @mastersthesis {9874, title = {Exploring the role of personal agency in adolescent sexual health: Goal pursuit skills and the use of protection}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2012}, school = {Tufts University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Used 11th grade data from the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development. Results of logistic regression indicated that higher levels of goal pursuit skills were significantly related to sexually active youth\&$\#$39;s consistent use of protection during sexual activity, especially for young women.

}, author = {Miriam R Arbeit} } @mastersthesis {9300, title = {Factors associated with recruitment and retention rates of minority youth 4-H members as perceived by adult club leaders and county extension agents in Texas}, volume = {Masters}, year = {2012}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

An electronic survey was distributed to 168 adult leaders and 58 county Extension agents who have participated in 4-H for at least two years from clubs in 54 counties across Texas that were comprised of at least 50\% minority youth. The study showed slight differences in the demographic makeup and project areas that are chosen among the minority youth members. Statistically significant differences were preset between the perceptions of county Extension agents and adult 4-H leaders. Agents focused more on competitive aspects of 4-H and adult club leaders on the views and feelings and relationships established among 4-H members.

}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148260}, author = {Nicole Gonzales} } @mastersthesis {9880, title = {Forestry education attitudes and teaching practices among high school science teachers in the Southern Piedmont}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2012}, school = {Virginia State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Thesis recommends that related extra-curricular activities, such as 4-H and Envirothon, and the presence of a forest within walking distance of the school is needed to effectively conduct the curriculum.

}, author = {Shannon Marie Fowler} } @mastersthesis {9884, title = {Framing the world: Transformative learning experiences of women offenders in the 4-H LIFE program}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {2012}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Four participant groups included: offenders, Department of Corrections staff, Volunteers in Corrections, and 4-H program staff.

}, author = {Jenny Norell} } @article {7450, title = {Global 4-H network: Laying the groundwork for global Extension opportunities}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {50}, year = {2012}, abstract = {

A descriptive study examining 4-H programs in Africa, Asia, and Europe was conducted to provide understanding and direction in the establishment of a Global 4-H Network. Information regarding structure, organizational support, funding, and programming areas was gathered. Programs varied greatly by country, and many partnered with other 4-H organizations around the world. Few content areas offered by the surveyed countries aligned with their major agricultural commodities, even though content areas were available in the United States 4-H Program. The Global 4-H Network has the potential to fill these holes and provide additional opportunities to global programs.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2012december/a3.php}, author = {Jennifer Major and Rhonda Miller} } @mastersthesis {9287, title = {Identification of STEM concepts associated with junior livestock projects: A Delphi study}, volume = {Masters}, year = {2012}, note = {

The study was also published under the advisor\&$\#$39;s name, John Rayfield in 2013.

}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This degree was republished online in 2013 under John Rayfield and Kate Wooten.

Using a modified Delphi technique, this study identified STEM concepts associated with junior livestock projects. The study also examined STEM concepts that should be integrated into the supervision of the junior livestock projects and identified barriers which would prevent the incorporation of STEM concepts into local 4-H and FFA leaders/advisors should incorporate STEM concepts into their programming and instruction, and no barriers which would prevent them from incorporating these concepts into their teaching. The paper also explores the rationale regarding STEM integration and makes recommendations for the integration of STEM concepts into the supervision of junior livestock projects.

}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148336}, author = {Kate Wooten} } @mastersthesis {9887, title = {A mixed methods examination of the motivations of 4-H volunteer leaders and extension educators}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2012}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jessalyn Rae Schrock} } @article {7240, title = {The nature and extent of conflict among volunteer leaders in the 4-H horse project: implications for effective program management}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {50}, year = {2012}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2012february/a2.php}, author = {Mary E. Arnold and Brooke D. Nott} } @article {7473, title = {North central region 4-H volunteers: Documenting their contributions and volunteer development}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {50}, year = {2012}, abstract = {

A team of North Central region 4-H volunteer specialists conducted a study of volunteer contributions and impacts related to working with youth within a 4-H program. More than 3,000 4-H volunteers from twelve states completed a survey.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2012april/rb2.php}, author = {Pamela Larson Nippolt and Sue Pleskac and Vicki Schwartz and Doug Swanson} } @article {7335, title = {Pilot Study: A guide to equine welfare assessment}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {50}, year = {2012}, abstract = {

In response to growing interest in equine welfare and the need for 4-H curriculum, a pilot study of equine welfare curricula was conducted with 4-H clubs (n=15). An overall low response rate of 26.6\% was experienced. An online survey was then conducted in order to determine factors affecting involvement. Time constraints for both youth and leaders were among the most commonly cited deterrents to completion. Survey responses also suggestion also suggested that following a hybrid (of hard copy and online instruction) may increas usability and effectiveness of A Guide to Equine Welfare Assessment.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2012december/a5.php}, author = {Taylor A. Fabus and Karen Waite and John Shelle and Janice Siegford and Julie Chapin} } @mastersthesis {9889, title = {Project horse or horseless: A comparison of leadership life skills development of youth in the Kentucky 4-H horse program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2012}, school = {University of Kentucky}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study\&$\#$39;s aim was to determine the influence of a project horse on the leadership life skills developed by 4-H horse club members in Kentucky, by comparing leadership life skills developed by 4-H horse club members with a project horse to members who are horseless. The 4-H horse club members who indicated they participated with a project horse were found to have a higher level of leadership life skills development than those members who were horseless, though not to a significant degree. Though correlations were found between life skills development and all of the selected horse club member characteristics, only the relationship between life skills development and reported academics was significant.

}, author = {Jessica Nicole Williams} } @book {6817, title = {Rodeo Austin blue ribbons, buckin{\textquoteright} broncs, and big dreams: The story of the Star of Texas Fair and Rodeo}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Texas A\&M University Press}, organization = {Texas A\&M University Press}, address = {College Station, TX}, abstract = {Who would have dreamed that a one-day calf show would evolve into a top five professional rodeo that raises millions of dollars for education? From its beginnings as a tiny 4-H event to its current role as one of Austin{\textquoteright}s largest charities, the Star of Texas Fair and Rodeo has grown in both size and purpose in the past 75 years.}, author = {Liz Carmack} } @mastersthesis {9883, title = {Social capital development in youth development programming: A case study of California 4-H, Youth, Families and Communities}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2012}, school = {University of California, Davis}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Amy McGuire} } @article {7443, title = {South Carolina{\textquoteright}s model for initiating Hispanic 4-H clubs}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {50}, year = {2012}, note = {

Ideas at Work 6IAW5

}, month = {December 2012}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2012december/iw5.php}, author = {Robert Lippert and Kellye Shofner Rembert} } @article {7377, title = {Text to speech: A 4-H model of accessibility and inclusion}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {50}, year = {2012}, abstract = {

4-H project manuals play an integral part in a youth\&$\#$39;s ability to achieve mastery in a specific project area. For youth who struggle with reading, written 4-H materials prove inadequate in addressing the needs of the learner. Article includes introduction, meeting the need, replication, results to date, implications and conclusion.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2012february/iw4.php}, author = {Jeremy W. Green} } @conference {9947, title = {Use of Experiential Learning in 4-H Clubs: Implications for 4-H Programs}, booktitle = {North Central American Association for Agricultural Education Conference}, year = {2012}, note = {

This paper begins on page 18 of the proceedings

}, month = {2012}, address = {Urbana-Champaign, IL}, url = {http://aaaeonline.org/Resources/Documents/Research\%20Conference\%20Proceedings,\%20North\%20Central\%202012.pdf}, author = {Bechtel, Robyn and Ewing, John C and Radhakrishna, Rama B} } @article {7579, title = {Using digital classrooms to conduct 4-H club meetings}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {50}, year = {2012}, abstract = {

Using computer technology and digital classrooms to conduct 4-H club meetings is an efficient way to continue delivering quality 4-H programming during time of limited resources and staff. Nineteen junior and senior 4-H\&$\#$39;ers participated in seven digital classroom workshops using the Wimba Classroom application. These digital classroom sessions were designed to improve Project Achievement development and increase competition scores. Eighteen of the nineteen 4-H participants increased Project Achievement scores by approximately 11\%. Seven hours of travel time and 26 hours of instruction time were saved by utilizing digital classroom technology in a 3-month period.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2012december/iw3.php}, author = {Patricia West and Nicholas E. Fuhrman and A. Christian Morgan and Dennis W. Duncan} } @article {7297, title = {Volunteer management needs assessment of the Tennessee 4-H program}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {50}, year = {2012}, abstract = {

The purpose of the descriptive study was to determine the perceptions of working with 4-H volunteer leaders and knowledge level of volunteer managemnet through a state-wide needs assessment among Tennessee Extension agents with 4-H youth responsibility. Most of the Extension agents agreed on a need for readily available, Web-based materials and for a comprehensive 4-H volunteer leader management system.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2012february/rb2.php}, author = {Robbie B. Casteel} } @mastersthesis {9879, title = {Why 4-H members leave: A study of discontinuance through both current 4-H members and former members}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2012}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study addresses why youth choose to discontinue membership in 4-H, asking current members what they know about youth who do not choose to reenroll and what factors might guide programmatic adjustments to decrease member dropouts. The study addressed the number of factors that are needed to cause a member to discontinue, whether discontinuing members felt 4-H was un-cool. There was no significant single factor found that caused young people to dropout.

}, author = {Kevin Dwayne Chilek} } @article {7807, title = {2011 Kansas 4-H camp counselor training impacts}, year = {2011}, abstract = {The purpose of the study was to learn how much knowledge, attitudes, skills, and spirations were learned in the camp counselor trianing, and 2) to learn how what short term outcomes were applyed by counselors during camp. Results showed that camp counselors met or exceeded their anticipated level of performance during camp for 6 out of the 14 topics learned duirng camp counselor training.}, author = {Deryl E. Waldren} } @article {7429, title = {4-H women and their horses: An extraordinary relationship with an extraordinary animal}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {49}, year = {2011}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2011october/a8.php}, author = {Janet Kiser Lambarth} } @mastersthesis {9862, title = {Adolescent academic achievement and school engagement: An examination of the role of student peer culture}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2011}, school = {Tufts University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Utilized the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development and the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Results suggested that above and beyond a variety of individual, familial, peer, and school characteristics that have been previously associated with academic outcomes, aspects of behavioral peer culture are associated with individual achievement while components of both relational and behavioral peer culture are related to school engagement. These results are discussed in light of recent developments in adolescent intervention strategies and school reform.

}, author = {Alicia Doyle Lynch} } @article {7554, title = {Assessing the need for an on-line educational module for volunteer leaders on bio-security in Washington State 4-H livestock projects}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {49}, year = {2011}, abstract = {

Although barriers to online education exist, there are many benefits of online education that can be passed from leaders to youth to help reduce the spread of disease in 4-H livestock.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2011june/a9.php}, author = {Jill L. Stevenson and Dale A. Moore and Jerry Newman and Janet L. Schmidt and Sarah M. Smith and Jean Smith and Susan Kerr and Michael Wallace and Pat BoyEs} } @mastersthesis {9857, title = {An assessment of positive youth development within 4-H programs in Warren and Sussex County, New Jersey}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2011}, school = {Pennsylvania State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {University Park, PA}, url = {https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/11525}, author = {Megan Erica Everswick} } @article {7303, title = {Bringing carnaval drum and dance traditions into 4-H programming for Latino youth}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {49}, year = {2011}, note = {

Ideas at Work 4IAW1

}, month = {August 2011}, abstract = {

Evaluation revealsed that 4-H Bloco has positive impacts with regard to cultural appreciation, gang-related attitudes and awareness, health awareness, exercise and nutrition.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2011august/iw1.php}, author = {Evelyn Conklin-Ginop and Marc T. Braverman and Robyn Caruso and Dennis Bone} } @mastersthesis {9865, title = {Character education and 4-H youth development}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2011}, school = {University of Kentucky}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/85/}, author = {Jessica Lynn Mullins} } @article {7259, title = {Characteristics and perceptions of 4-H participants: Gender and age differences across adolescence}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {49}, year = {2011}, abstract = {

The study reported here examined 367 adolescent 4-H participants in terms of demographic, psychological, behavioral and relational characteristics as well as their perceptions and experiences in 4-H. Overall, participants scored high on all outcome variables except having a diverse population in their culb. Older participants were more optimistic and were more satisfied with their 4-H experiences. Girls appeared to be healthier in regards to psychological characteristics, positive behaviors and relationships with peers and other adults and were more satisfied with their experiences.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2011june/a6.php}, author = {Karin Bartoszuk and Brandy A. Randall} } @mastersthesis {9861, title = {Content analysis of the effectiveness of talking points during the 2010 Georgia budget cuts}, volume = {M.A.L.}, year = {2011}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

It was found that the talking point theme, \"higher education\" was used most frequently, which included 4-H.

}, url = {https://esploro.libs.uga.edu/esploro/outputs/9949334389802959}, author = {Nicole Kliebert} } @mastersthesis {9872, title = {Demographic indicators of persistence among intermediate 4-H members in Iowa}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2011}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to explore the demographic characteristics that predict persistence among intermediate 4-H members in Iowa. Membership data were evaluated from the 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 membership years. High persistence was associated from members from rural areas, under 10,000 in population or a farm.

}, author = {Bryan Leslie Whaley} } @article {7446, title = {Developing a life skills evaluation tool for assessing children ages 9-12}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {6}, year = {2011}, note = {

Article 110601RS002

}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to create and validate an instrument to assess life skill outcomes. The study used both qualitative and quantitative methods. One hundred and 11, six to 12-year olds were involved in the study.

}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2011.202}, author = {Kristina Luckey and Louis Nadelson} } @article {7553, title = {Development and evaluation of an on-line educational module for volunteer leaders on bio-security in Washington State 4-H livestock projects}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {49}, year = {2011}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2011august/rb1.php}, author = {Jill L. Stevenson and Dale A. Moore and Jerry Newman and Janet L. Schmidt and Sarah M. Smith and Jean Smith and Susan Kerr and Michael Wallace and Pat BoyEs} } @mastersthesis {9864, title = {Development of self-determination in youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities in 4-H programming: A qualitative study}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2011}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, address = {Baton Rouge, LA}, url = {https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1846/}, author = {Myra Jo Monroe} } @mastersthesis {9871, title = {Does participation in 4-H improve student outcomes? Evidence from Florida and Ohio}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2011}, school = {University of Florida}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study used data on school districts and grade-levels observed over several school years and a difference in difference in differences approach to control for potential unobserved confounders of causal relationships of interest. The author examined the impacts of participation in 4-H on test scores and behavioral outcomes and results of the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test, with 4-H participation information obtained from Florida 4-H and Ohio achievement Assessments combined with 4-H participation information obtained from Ohio 4-H. The results in Florida showed that 4-H participation has a statistically significant effects on both mathematics and reading subtests for Florida 4-H members. Ohio 4-H members were also positive, the though the effects are milder. An inconclusive result was shown on the program\&$\#$39;s effects related to misconduct in both states.

}, author = {Troy Thomas Timko} } @article {7386, title = {Economic impact analysis of 4-H youth livestock projects using IMPLAN}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {49}, year = {2011}, abstract = {

Evaluated a software program to demonstrate long-term impact in one of the largest program areas.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2011february/tt3.php}, author = {Amy Harder and Alan W. Hodges} } @mastersthesis {9873, title = {Effects of the Texas 4-H Livestock Ambassador program on 4-H youth and the perceived impact on leadership skills, livestock production knowledge and agricultural career development}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2011}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Forty-six youth attended one of the 2011 Texas 4-H livestock ambassador short courses held on the campuses of Texas A \& M and Texas Tech University. Two instruments were developed to evaluate the perceptions of the participants regarding their perceived i

}, author = {William Zanolini} } @mastersthesis {9856, title = {Effects of the University of Georgia Cooperative Extension New Agent Training Program on the retention of 4-H youth development extension agents}, volume = {M.A.L.}, year = {2011}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This was a qualitative study to investigate what effects the Georgia Extension New Agent Training program has on employee retention, especially 4-H agents. Findings indicated that participants value the training program and there is a much stronger relati

}, url = {https://esploro.libs.uga.edu/esploro/outputs/9949334639602959}, author = {Stacey Ellison} } @article {7692, title = {The evaluation attitudes and practices of 4-H educators}, year = {2011}, month = {February 2011}, abstract = {Internet study of Extension educators to examine their evaluation attitudes and practices.}, author = {Kristi S. Lekies and Amanda Marie Bennett} } @mastersthesis {9868, title = {An evaluation of the Health Rocks! program: Implications for measuring future program impact}, volume = {M.A.L.}, year = {2011}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The National 4-H Council and Georgia 4-H attempted to present a substance abuse education program, called Health Rocks! during 2010 to an audience primarily composed of middle school youth. Statistically significant differences were found in attitudes and

}, url = {https://esploro.libs.uga.edu/esploro/outputs/9949334144202959}, author = {Carlton Self} } @article {7389, title = {Examining the reasons and relationships between why youth join, stay in and leave 4-H}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {6}, year = {2011}, note = {

online

}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2011.186}, author = {Rebecca Harrington and Trisha Sheehan and Dale A. Blyth} } @article {7313, title = {Factors influencing 4-H club enrollment and retention in Georgia}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {6}, year = {2011}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2011.188}, author = {Amber B. Defore and Nicholas E. Fuhrman and Jason B. Peake and Dennis W. Duncan} } @mastersthesis {9867, title = {Factors influencing 4-H volunteer recruitment and retention in Lincoln County}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2011}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Morgantown, WV}, doi = {10.33915/etd.753}, author = {Rachael L. Payne} } @article {7524, title = {Findings of 4-H impact studies in six Western states}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {49}, year = {2011}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2011august/a4.php}, author = {Brenda S. Seevers and Frank Hodnett and Dawn Van Leeuwen} } @mastersthesis {9863, title = {Global 4-H network: Laying the groundwork survey}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2011}, school = {Utah State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

A descriptive study examining 4-H programs in Africa, Asia and Europe was conducted for the National 4-H Council. Program size, scope, structure, organization, and funding varied greatly by country and few of the programs were connected to a university, but many partnered with other 4-H organizations around the world. Program participants were found to be primarily male with few programs specifically for women.

}, author = {Jennifer Major} } @booklet {7145, title = {Improving knowledge and practice relating to animal disease transmission risk through an integrated education and competency project for 4-H animal science youth participants}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Final Project Report to the California Department of Food and Agriculture)}, author = {Martin H. Smith and C. L. Meehan} } @article {7234, title = {Influence of 4-H horse project involvement on development of life skills}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {49}, year = {2011}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2011october/iw2.php}, author = {K. P. Anderson and L. Karr-Lilienthal} } @article {7328, title = {The influence of past experiences on the motivation of adult volunteers}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {6}, year = {2011}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to describe factors thaqt motivate 4-H camp volunteers to work with youth. Participants that were not involved wiht 4-H as a youth volunteered more days per year than did participants who were former members.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2011.198}, author = {Marcus Eason and A. Christian Morgan and Dennis W. Duncan and John C. Ricketts} } @article {7265, title = {Investigating the utilization of research evidence in the 4-H youth development program}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {6}, year = {2011}, abstract = {

This study investigated the acquisition, interpretation, and utilization of research evidence in the 4-H Youth Development Program from the frame of Social Cognitive Theory. Utilizing Consensual Qualitative Research, we interviewed twenty 4-H faculty, staff, and volunteers from seven states. Results indicated four domains, which covered participants\’ definitions of research utilization, their experiences utilizing research, the process of acquiring and distributing research, and barriers and facilitators to research utilization. Participants described research use primarily in terms of improving 4-H programs. They discussed their level of confidence (i.e. self-efficacy) in finding and applying research evidence and their beliefs about the outcomes of research utilization (i.e. outcomes expectancy). Participants mentioned such barriers as not knowing where to look for research, lack of time, lack of funding, and difficulty applying research findings to their work. The facilitators included support from other 4-H colleagues and availability of 4-H specific conferences, publications, and curriculum databases.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2011.185}, author = {Lynette H. Bikos and Julia A. Kocheleva and Twyla Campbell and Ritesh Daryani and Sandeep Chahil and Terran Brown and Yolanda Winberg and Liz Pavese} } @mastersthesis {9859, title = {Leadership skill development: The perceptions of Connecticut 4-H adolescent 4-H leaders in the Connecticut 4-H youth development program}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2011}, school = {University of Connecticut}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study investigated the perceptions of 4-H adolescents holding active leadership roles in the Connecticut 4-H program. The qualitative research designed examined the interpretations and perceptions of 8 individual cases regarding leadership skills and leadership skill development. Youth interviewed felt a strong sense of having learned leadership through their 4-H program participation.

}, author = {Linda R. Horn} } @mastersthesis {9854, title = {Military youth involved in a 4-H youth development program and their levels of connection to peers, parents, and the 4-H program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2011}, school = {University of Florida}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This study focused on determining whether or not involvement in positive youth development program helps military youth develop better connections to their peers, parents, and the PYD program, and if so, does the level of involvement play a role in the level of connection. An adapted version of Armsden and Greenberg\&$\#$39;s Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment and an adapted version of Goodenow\&$\#$39;s school connection questionnaire. Questionnaires were completed by adolescents of active-duty military personnel living on military installations. The participants were between ages 8-18 and participate at some level in the 4-H program. The findings show that PYD programs do make a difference by helping to increase connections to peers, parents, and the program.

}, author = {Laura E. Bradley} } @mastersthesis {9860, title = {Motivational factors related to youth performance in a horticulture career development event}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2011}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to explore youth\&$\#$39;s knowledge, motivation, and educational experiences and to describe the relationships between youth motivation, coach motivation, learning and participation, and youth\&$\#$39;s performance in a competitive, out-of-school horticultural career development event: the 2010 Indiana 4-H/FFA Horticulture Career Development Event. There were three conclusions of this study: 1) youth were motivated to participate in a competitive horticulture career development event and that motivation was related to performance of horticultural competencies. 2) Coaches\&$\#$39; motivation was related to youth motivation and youth performance of horticultural competencies. 3) Time spent preparing for the horticulture career development event and learning resources used by youth were related to youth\&$\#$39;s overall performance of horticulture competencies.

}, author = {Amy Jones} } @article {7392, title = {Parental perceptions of participation in 4-H beef, sheep and swine livestock projects and the fostering of life skill development in youth}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {6}, year = {2011}, note = {

online

}, abstract = {

The findings of this study provide postive insights into the relationship between the development of valuable life skills and 4-H beef, sheep and swine projects.

}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2011.190}, author = {Janice Heavner and Kelly Hicks and Shanna Nicodemus} } @article {7286, title = {Perceptions of empowerment of participants within youth development programs}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {6}, year = {2011}, note = {

Article 110601FA006

}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2011.199}, author = {Kyle Busing} } @article {7403, title = {Projects in a day develop life skills in at-risk after school youth}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {6}, year = {2011}, note = {

online

}, month = {Summer 2011}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2011.191}, author = {Katie J. Hoffman} } @mastersthesis {9869, title = {A qualitative study of 4-H state and field faculty use of social media to communicate with youth, volunteers and stake holders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2011}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Baton Rouge, LA}, url = {https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/3597/}, author = {Mary Christina Sorenson} } @mastersthesis {9870, title = {The relationship among workload, job satisfaction and burnout of Extension 4-H youth development professionals from six land-grant universities}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2011}, school = {North Dakota State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine how Extension 4-H youth development professionals (n=241) chose to spend their work time and how the workload related to their job satisfaction and burnout. 4-H youth development professionals reported being satisfied with their job and felt very little burnout. Strategies were reported in each of the 4-H PRKC domains to help increase job satisfaction.

}, author = {Carrie Beth Stark} } @article {7486, title = {Relationships between 4-H volunteer leader competencies and skills youth learn in 4-H programs}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {49}, year = {2011}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2011august/rb2.php}, author = {Rama B. Radhakrishna and John C. Ewing} } @article {7534, title = {Stewardship as a means to create organizational reform: A view into Minnesota 4-H Youth Development}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {48}, year = {2011}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2010april/iw1.php}, author = {Jennifer A. Skuza and Dorothy M. Freeman and Tamara J. Bremseth and Shirley A. Doering and Robert B. Quinlan and Patricia A. Morreim and James C. Deidrick} } @mastersthesis {9855, title = {West Virginia 4-H Camp Songs and Music Traditions}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2011}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Morgantown, WV}, doi = {10.33915/etd.463}, author = {Jason A. Burnside} } @mastersthesis {9858, title = {What brings people to leadership roles: A phenoenological study of beef industry leaders}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2011}, school = {University of Nebraska, Lincoln}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Twelve beef industry leaders active at the local, state and national level of beef industry membership organizations were interviewed and described their experience as leaders. This study offers significance to the field of leadership which may guide the future development and role of leaders.

}, author = {B. Lynn Gordon} } @mastersthesis {9866, title = {Wisconsin 4-H/Youth Development Staff perspectives on Hispanic 4-H programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2011}, school = {University of Wisconsin, River Falls}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {https://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/55967}, author = {Candis O{\textquoteright}Brien} } @article {6882, title = {4-H contests contribute to life-skill development}, year = {2010}, abstract = {

A total of 387 individual surveys were collected at 8 state contests. Data were analyzed by contest, by age level of participants, and with all contests together as one experimental group. The Fashion Revue contest had the greatest influence on positive youth development of all the contests evaluated in the study.

}, url = {https://extension.colostate.edu/docs/comm/impact/4h-contests.pdf}, author = {Jeff Goodwin} } @article {7322, title = {4-H Food Challenge}, journal = {Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior}, volume = {42}, year = {2010}, note = {abstract}, pages = {S81}, abstract = {Evaluation of food challenge, similar to Iron Chef program on television. Evaluations indicate youth have changed the way they handle and prepare food, have made healthier food choices, planned a recipe at home, and altered a recipe according to dietary needs based on what they have learned.}, author = {Courtgney Dobb and Sarah Womble} } @mastersthesis {9849, title = {4-H leaders: Factors that affect their persistence in the 4-H youth development program}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2010}, school = {Western Michigan University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study explored the factors that influence the retention of 4-H volunteer leaders in the St. Joseph County 4-H youth development program and also explored if the relationship between former 4-H volunteer leaders and current 4-H volunteer leaders. In-depth interviews were conducted, artifacts examined, and observational data collected. The study also applied qualitative data to a Volunteer Process Model. Four themes and one emerging theme materialized from the data. Practical applications, recommendations and limitations of the study were discussed.

}, author = {Regina Schinker} } @article {7707, title = {4-H science, engineering and technology (SET) initiative: Youth engagement, attitudes and knowledge study}, year = {2010}, note = {Prepared for National 4-H Council}, abstract = {The Noyce Foundation and the National 4-H Council provided support for this evaluation and executive summary is included.}, author = {M. Mielke and J. LaFleur and J. Sanzone} } @mastersthesis {9851, title = {Adapting and implementing a social capital survey for urban youth in an after-school science 4-H club}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2010}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to adapt and implement a pilot study of a social capital survey in an after-school youth development program focusing on environmental science in urban youth. Two multi-week series\&$\#$39; of lessons for urban youth were implemented. Results suggest that most of the survey questions were readily understood by youth and thus needed little adaptation for use with this audience. Youth involved in the study increased their levels of civic participation, social trust, diversity of friendships, and organized group interaction.

}, author = {Jamila Walida Simon} } @mastersthesis {9832, title = {An analysis of LifeKnowledge skills and abilities development within North Carolina agriscience education programs}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2010}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

English did not study 4-H programs, but recommended that research be conducted to determine how 4-H, career and technical student organizations, and other youth groups develop LifeKnowledge\® skills.

}, author = {Chastity English} } @article {7262, title = {Assessing ground safety knowledge of North Carolina 4-H horse program participants}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {48}, year = {2010}, note = {

Research in Brief 3RIB5

}, month = {June 2010}, abstract = {

The objectives of this study were to develop a benchmark of current ground safety skills among North Carolina 4-H horse camp participants and to identify relationships between demographic factors of 4-H horse camp participants and their total ground safety score. 4-H members are lacking in ground safety knowldege and this is important as third to one-fourth of horse injuries occur when the rider is on the ground. Based on low ground safety mean scores, 4-H members did not follow good basic ground safety practices with horses. There was no statistically significant relationship between the participant\&$\#$39;s age, years of riding experience, the number of years they had been involved in the 4-H horse program and their total ground safety score.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2010june/rb5.php}, author = {C. Beck and J. Rayfield and J. Flowers and D. Jones} } @mastersthesis {9843, title = {Assessing on-line professional development for non-formal environmental educators}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2010}, school = {University of Florida}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

With a grant from National Project Learning Tree (PLT), Florida PLT explored the potential to reach 4-H leaders with online training to empower and prepare them to use PLT.

Results of the study suggest the self-efficacy of these participants\&$\#$39; to lead PLT activities with youth increased significantly during the training. The success of these participants is promising for the potential of online training to support the goals of environmental education. However, technology problems and lack of time kept the large majority of leaders who registered for the training from attaining similar benefits.

}, author = {Lindsey McConnell} } @mastersthesis {9829, title = {Assessing trajectories of adolescents{\textquoteright} fidelity: An examination of contextual influences and implications of fidelity for positive development}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2010}, school = {Tufts University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Data for this study were derived from the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development, a longitudinal study launched in 2002 to examine the nature, bases and developmental course of thriving in adolescents. This project examined developmental trajectories of fidelity existing across adolescence. Adult supports and parenting were important to the youth\&$\#$39;s development.

}, author = {Aerika S. Brittian} } @inbook {6808, title = {Beetroots not Greek roots: A history of the 4-H movement}, booktitle = {Essays in the History of Community \& Youth Work}, year = {2010}, note = {

Year unknown

}, pages = {179-193}, publisher = {Youth Work Press.}, organization = {Youth Work Press.}, address = {Leicester, UK}, author = {Joyce Walker} } @article {7242, title = {Can blogging benefit staff and youth in 4-H camp programs?}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {48}, year = {2010}, abstract = {

This article examined the usage of edublogging in three different 4-H camp programs to create relationships, promote trust, create new conversations, and filter and disseminate knowledge amongst adult and teen camp staff, and middle school aged campers.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2010august/iw6.php}, author = {Carolyn Ashton and Robin Galloway and Virginia D. Bourdeau} } @mastersthesis {9844, title = {Context and adolescent intentional self regulation: Testing the positive youth development model}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2010}, school = {Tufts University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Using data from the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development (PYD), the present study assessed the relation between SOC (self-regulation skills) and PYD (positive youth development) at different levels of two contextual variables--maternal education and per capita household income. Results indicated that at lower levels of both resources, higher levels of selection were associated with PYD. The inverse of this relation held as well.

}, author = {Christopher M. Napolitano} } @mastersthesis {9841, title = {Developing and building collaborations between a cooperative extension service and a local school and its community}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2010}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Robin Bourdreaux Landry} } @article {7365, title = {Does 4-H camp influence life skill and leadership development?}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {45}, year = {2010}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2007august/a4.php}, author = {Martha S. Garton and Margaret Miltenberger and Brenda Pruett} } @booklet {6906, title = {Effects of StrengthsQuest on community congregations at Bandina Christian Youth Camp in Texas}, year = {2010}, note = {

Ed.D. Ag.Ed.

}, month = {August 2009}, abstract = {

The study was conducted with teenagers attending Bandina Christian Youth Camp for one week in the summer of 2008. This study recommended that organizations such as 4-H use StrengthsQuest.

}, url = {https://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-08-2919}, author = {Clay R. Bassham} } @mastersthesis {9850, title = {Energizing behavior in the direction of future goals: The role of adolescents{\textquoteright} hopeful futures in achieving positive developmental outcomes}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2010}, school = {Tufts University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Positive emotions surrounding the achievement of developmental outcomes, such as hope for one\&$\#$39;s future, have begun to receive theoretical attention in the developmental literature. The 4-H Study for Positive Youth Development (PYD) was used to determine the presence of an underlying construct, termed hopeful future, from a set of indicators assessing adolescent\&$\#$39;s future expectations. The preparation of this manuscript was supported in part by a grant from the National 4-H Council.

}, author = {Kristina L. Schmid} } @mastersthesis {9845, title = {Engaging youth as members of a food environment community of practice: An action research study on facilitating participation and learning}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2010}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Katherine Nault} } @mastersthesis {9839, title = {An evaluation of youth-adult partnerships in Florida 4-H programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2010}, school = {University of Florida}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Gainesville, FL}, abstract = {

This study sought to identify the impacts of various levels of youth adult partnership (YAP) experiences and training on levels of involvement and quality of interactions, and continued engagement within the community.

Youth who were trained in YAP were more likely to perceive levels of youth involvement more positively. They also showed significantly higher perceptions regarding levels of adult involvement and quality of interactions between adults and youth. These youth also scored higher in their confidence level and perception of the importance of personal involvement within the community.

Strong indications exist in support of Walker\&$\#$39;s Theory of Intentionality.

}, url = {http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0042213/00001}, author = {Jessica L. Kochert} } @mastersthesis {9833, title = {Examining the interrelationship of motivation and place attachment in a residential 4-H camping environment}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2010}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to better understand the role of place attachment and need to belong in facilitating 4-H Camp Graham campers and counselors interested in returning to residential 4-H summer camp year after year. Findings suggest that staff training and program planning are critical to camper and counselor connection to camp. This research provides tangible evidence pointing to the value of sharing the residential camping experience with potential donors and parents.

}, author = {Jenna McEwen Genson} } @article {7363, title = {Examining youth camping outcomes across multiple states: The National 4-H camping research consortium}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {6}, year = {2010}, abstract = {

Report of the National 4-H Camping Research Consortium, logic models, and standardized instruments.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2011.194}, author = {Barry Garst and Allison Nichols and Jill Martz and Niki Nestor McNeely and Laura Bovitz and Denise Frebertshauser and Martha Garton and Suzanne Le Menestrel and Jill Walahoski} } @mastersthesis {9835, title = {An exploratory study of parental and program volunteer perspectives on Hispanic youth participation in Indiana 4-H youth development programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2010}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

In-depth interviews were conducted with Hispanic parents in four Indiana counties to identify factors that encourage as well as potentially discourage Hispanic participation in 4-H programs. 4-H volunteers were also interviewed to learn about their perspectives and actual experiences in involving Hispanic youth in their programs. The major objective of this study was to investigate ways to establish and strengthen engagement efforts with Hispanic youth and families and to encourage their increased involvement in youth development programming. Parents believed that 4-H programming is a benefit to their children\&$\#$39;s lives. Key recommendations related to parents not knowing about the 4-H program include building personal relationships, customizing advertising and marketing, addressing language barriers and making a more focused effort to appeal to Hispanic families. The 4-H volunteers used different methods for recruiting new youth.

}, author = {Sara E. Haines} } @article {7368, title = {Factors affecting teen involvement in Pennsylvania 4-H programming}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {48}, year = {2010}, abstract = {

This descriptive and correlational study identified factors that affect teen involvement in 4-H programming. Using a purposive sampling procedure, a survey questionaaire was distributed to all (N=214) 4-H members attending a 4-H State Leadership Conference. Aligned with previous studies, parents were found to have a great influence on their children\&$\#$39;s choices within 4-H. The study also showed that 4-H members are given the opportunity to lead meetings and organize events.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2010april/a7.php}, author = {Bart Gill and John C. Ewing and Jacklyn A. Bruce} } @article {7318, title = {Food safety for 4-H youth: A survey of interests and educational methods}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {48}, year = {2010}, note = {

Article 4FEA5

}, month = {August 2010}, abstract = {

The study surveyed food safety issues by analyzing data from surveys with 4-H youth about their food safety attitudes, behaviors, and preferred methods of educational delivery. Youth are most interested in food safety information that is fun, interactive and built around cooking demonstrations.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2010august/a5.php}, author = {David C. Diehl and Dale W. Pract and Larry F. Forthun and Amy H. Simonne} } @mastersthesis {9846, title = {Head, heart, health, and speech: Understanding 4-H experience and communication apprehension in the basic communication course}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2010}, school = {University of Northern Iowa}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Emily Paskewitz} } @mastersthesis {9834, title = {Increasing Latino engagement in sustainability and philanthropic efforts of mainstream youth development organizations in the U.S.}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2010}, school = {DePaul University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Members were interviewed and existing data reviewed from 4-H, Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts, and the YMCA. The study looked at the current engagement of Latinos in these four youth development organizations and the state of Latino nonprofit and philanthropic participation in the United States.

}, url = {http://via.library.depaul.edu/etd/30/}, author = {Lynda Gonzales} } @mastersthesis {9838, title = {Intentional self-regulation and participation in 4-H programs: Individual and contextual bases of positive youth development and contribution}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2010}, school = {Tufts University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Utilized 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development to examine relations with between adolescents\&$\#$39; self-regulation skills (selection, optimization and compensation). Results indicate that duration of time spent in a 4-H program interacted with optimization to predict adolescents\&$\#$39; contributions to community. Suggestions for future research are made.

}, author = {Megan K. Kiely} } @mastersthesis {9852, title = {Investigating lesson study as a professional development model for 4-H volunteers}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {2010}, school = {Walden University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

A sequential explanatory mixed method design was used to investigate the influence of lesson study on 4-H volunteer understanding and use of inquiry methods and veterinary science content Knowledge. Survey data were analyzed using a repeated measures general linear model (GLM). The lesson study improved teaching practice and subject matter knowledge.

}, author = {Martin H. Smith} } @mastersthesis {9836, title = {Leadership and decision-making life skill development in Mississippi 4-H Shooting Sports participants}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2010}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The youth surveyed indicated a gain in leadership and decision-making life skills through participation in Mississippi

4-H shooting sports program. The average participant was Caucasian male, 16 years of age, had been a 4-H member for 5 years, participated in Mississippi 4-H Shooting Sports for 4 years and practices 4-6 hours per week.

}, author = {Shanna Marie Holder} } @mastersthesis {9848, title = {Life skills and benefits from South Dakota 4-H}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2010}, school = {South Dakota State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Audrey Jo Rider} } @mastersthesis {9825, title = {Life skills development of youth participants in 4-H clubs and camping}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2010}, school = {University of Florida}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0042595/00001}, author = {Wendi A. Armstrong} } @mastersthesis {9847, title = {A mixed method study of positional leadership of North Dakota 4-H ambassador and state FFA officer alumni}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2010}, school = {North Dakota State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this mixed method study was to determine the positional leadership of North Dakota 4-H and FFA leadership alumni. A panel of experts using a modified Delphi process ranked both organizations to which 4-H ambassador and State FFA officer alumni provided leadership and leadership positions. While 4-H ambassador and state FFA officer alumni reported gains in leadership life skills, a statistical analysis indicated no relationship between respondents and their leadership positions.

}, author = {Nels Milan Peterson} } @booklet {7175, title = {Modeling healthy lifestyle through peer-based 4-H fitness and nutrition clubs}, howpublished = {Journal of the American Dietetic Association}, volume = {110}, year = {2010}, note = {

idenitifed as poster

}, month = {September 2010}, pages = {A-107}, abstract = {

State school fitness tests, obesity rates, and lack of play and recreation spaces were examined. Elementary and middle school students from urban scities scored below the state average. None of the fourth graders from one school passed the four standard fitness measures. An evaluation of a 8-week program indicated that programs might improve performance on standard fitness tests, nutrition knowledge, and daily exercise.

}, doi = {10.1016/j.jada.2010.06.403}, author = {U. R. Taylor and A. L. Gomez and S. S. Gray and M. Grillo and L. R. Horn and L. Christie-Francis and W. A. Hamilton} } @mastersthesis {9837, title = {Parental management of teen drivers after receiving their first traffic citation and having attended the 4-H Carteens program}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2010}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study used a quasi-experimental design to analyze 243 teen drivers in attendance at 4-H CARTEENS who responded to a survey about risky driving behaviors, parental control, and parental restrictions. Overall this investigation found that the 4-H CARTEENS program reduced teens\&$\#$39; risky driving behaviors.

}, author = {James Lawrence Jordan} } @mastersthesis {9827, title = {Participation in positive youth development programs and 4-H: Assessing the Impact on self-image in young people}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2010}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/aglecdiss/13/}, author = {Karen DeeAnn Bloomquist} } @article {9946, title = {Perceptions of 4-H Extension Educators and Volunteer Leaders toward the Inclusion of Youth with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder(s) in 4-H Programs}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {5}, year = {2010}, month = {03/2010}, pages = {16-28}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2010.227}, author = {Mpofu, Chido and Ingram, Patrreese D and Radhakrishna, Rama B} } @mastersthesis {9826, title = {Program Evaluation: A study of the impact of a workforce preparation program}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2010}, school = {University of Kentucky}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The Kentucky 4-H Reality Store, a workforce preparation program was established to educate youth about the importance of budgeting, setting goals, planning for careers, considering the future, preventing teen pregnancy and\  abstaining from drug abuse. Administered to over 45,000 adolescents each year this program was evaluated in this study. The program was found to affect the lives of adolescents. This study also contributes to the scholarly literature associated with the impact of workforce preparation programs.

}, author = {Stephanie Strevels Blevins} } @article {7230, title = {"Push" and "pull": A qualitative study of factors that contribute to older youth leaving the 4-H program}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {5}, year = {2010}, note = {

Article 100503FA005

}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2010.209}, author = {Mary Beth Albright and Theresa M. Ferrari} } @mastersthesis {9840, title = {Readiness for lifelong learning of volunteers affiliated with a 4-H youth development program in the Southern Region of the United States}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2010}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, address = {Baton Rouge, LA}, url = {https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/813/}, author = {Kenneth Kimani Kungu} } @mastersthesis {9828, title = {The relationship between adolescents{\textquoteright} news media use and civic engagement}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2010}, school = {Tufts University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development was used to assess whether adolescents accessed media for information on politics and current events. Findings suggest that use of news media was associated with civic duty, civic skills, neighborhood social connection and civic participation and significantly predicted civic skills and participation. Implications for further research were discussed.

}, author = {Michelle J. Boyd} } @article {7344, title = {Relationship between participation in 4-H and community leadership in rural Montana}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {48}, year = {2010}, abstract = {

The study found that 4-H continues to influence rural community leaders in Montana, although it plays a modest role in influencing community development in all areas except agriculture groups.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2010april/rb1.php}, author = {Allison Maurine Flynn and Martin Frick and Douglas Steele} } @article {7665, title = {Resilience and vulnerability: The deployment experiences of youth in military families}, year = {2010}, note = {

Printed copy. Jay A. Mancini and Lydia I Marek, Principal Investigators. Byline includes \"with Kristin E. Wade, Sarah J. McElhaney, Bradford B. Wiles, John L. Butler VI, \& James L. Ford\"

}, month = {dated June 2010}, pages = {32 pp.}, institution = {Department of Human Development Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Department of Child and Family Development The University of Georgia}, abstract = {

Report summarizes findings of a study supported by the U.S. Army\&$\#$39;s Military Kids that focused on the adaptation of adolescents in military famiies when a parent is deployed, as well as when the family experiences multiple deployments. Adolescents were identified via their attendance in one of their camps and through state 4-H military liaisons. The findings are an expansion of the previous work by the above authors published in 2005. The report is divided into 6 sections. Findings are largely anecdotal and implications are provided for future research, including support for parents and youth.

}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228534218_Resilience_and_vulnerability_The_deployment_experiences_of_youth_in_military_families}, author = {Angela J. Huebner and Jay A. Mancini}, editor = {Kristin E. Wade and Sarah J. Mcelhaney and Bradford B. Wiles and John L. Butler and James L. Ford} } @mastersthesis {9831, title = {Risk factors for childhood agricultural injury}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2010}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of reaction time, safety courses, and age with respect to childhood agricultural injury. The target population of this study was 4-H youth in the Central Ohio Area between 9 and 18 years old were\  exposed to agricultural hazards. Gender differences in injury rates and risk factors , including age, safety class and psychomotor skills were found to be associated with farm-related injuries in children and adolescents.

}, url = {http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1269028264}, author = {Youn Su Choi} } @mastersthesis {9853, title = {Self-perceptions of volunteer management: A Texas 4-H volunteer needs assessment}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2010}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to assess the management of volunteers through self-perceptions of Texas 4-H volunteers. This research was an on-line questionnaire designed to assess volunteer\&$\#$39;s attitudes toward recruitment, orientation, training, resources, utilization, motivations for continuation of service, and recognition. The following were recommendations: Orientation should become an integral part of all county 4-H volunteer management programs. Curriculum should be developed in the areas of volunteer and club management. All volunteers should be recognized for their contributions to the program.

}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2315}, author = {Jodi Lynn Torock} } @mastersthesis {9830, title = {Volunteer management needs assessment of the Tennessee 4-H program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2010}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this descriptive study was to conduct a state-wide needs assessment of Tennessee 4-H Youth Development Extension Agents to determine their perception working with 4-H volunteer leaders and the knowledge level of volunteer management. This study also determined the need for a formalized 4-H volunteer leader management system.

}, url = {http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/611}, author = {Robbie B. Casteel} } @article {7529, title = {Weaving evaluation into the fabric of youth development}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {5}, year = {2010}, note = {

Article 100503FA003

}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2010.207}, author = {Ben Silliman and Gene Shutt} } @article {7546, title = {Will natural resources professionals volunteer to teach youth?}, journal = {Applied Environmental Education \& Communication}, volume = {9}, year = {2010}, month = {June 2010}, pages = {78-86}, abstract = {A unique approach to volunteer marketing research. Natural resources professionals from Pennsylvania completed a mailed survey. Those most likely to volunteer to teach youth through 4-H programs were: self confident with youth, self-confident in their knowledge about natural resources, and had a personal interest in the specific subject matter to be taught. The opportunity to teach youth fulfilled a need for social responsibility and high levels of outdoor activity. The study demonstrated the value of surveying and working with a specific population of potential volunteers and to determine their promise for volunteer involvement and program expansion.}, doi = {10.1080/1533015X.2010.482465}, author = {Sandford Sherrick Smith and J. Finley and G. San Julian} } @mastersthesis {9842, title = {Youth-adult partnerships: Examining the perceptions of youth and adult 4-H Foundation board members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2010}, school = {Montana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = { Bozeman, MT}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of youth adult partnerships within state 4-H foundation boards by assessing perceptions of youth and adult members toward one another. Evidence revealed that youth with prior youth-adult partnership experiences held less positive views regarding youth-adult partnerships than did the youth with no experience in a youth-adult partnership. Youth believed that adults were over-bearing and did not let the youth excel to their potential. Youth perceived adults were not actively listening to youth and were not taking youths\&$\#$39; ideas seriously.

}, url = {https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/1700}, author = {Eric William Larsen} } @mastersthesis {9806, title = {4-H members{\textquoteright} public speaking experience through county leadership activities}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2009}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The mixed-method study utilized a random sample of 4-H members in their last year of 4-H in Ohio. The findings indicated an increase in skill abilities and benefit from 4-H program, including choosing a career path, becoming leaders, confidence and capability of handling situations and opportunity to take on responsibility. Respondents were more involved in county activities when older and more club activities when younger and older. The researcher concluded that teaching 4-H members life skills at a young age and practicing them over a period of time enhances the individuals confidence in their abilities as well as helping them to better prepare them for college, the workforce and beyond.

}, author = {Jennifer Ann Eckenwiler} } @article {7376, title = {4-H program quality assessment: Can volunteers improve quality?}, journal = {International Journal of Volunteer Administration}, volume = {XXVI}, year = {2009}, pages = {32-41}, abstract = {Expectations for volunteers in youth development organizations have grown to include an emphasis on accountability. In recent years, the field of youth development has begun to investigate out-of-school time settings by measuring the quality of learning environments at the point of service--the places where youth and adults interact. The current sutdy investigated 4-H volunteers{\textquoteright} experiences in building quality youth development settings. Ten 4-H clubs were randomly divided into either an experimental or control group. Clubs in the experimental group received three hours of training on topics related to quality. Results demonstrated that experimental clubs saw improvements in measures of supportive environments. In addition, interview data revealed three themes important for implementing quality initiatives in volunteer settings: emphasis on engagement, special considerations in working with volunteers, and importance of a system-wide approach. Implications and furture directions are discussed.}, author = {Samantha Grant and Eric Vogel} } @mastersthesis {9820, title = {4-H state leaders{\textquoteright} readiness to support lesbian and gay youth-assessing leaders{\textquoteright} lesbian and gay knowledge, homophobic attitudes and best practice implementation}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2009}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Forty-seven of the 74 addressees on a national list of 4-H state leaders responded to a questionnaire of leaders\&$\#$39; knowledge of lesbians and gays, homophobic attitudes, and practices regarding lesbian and gay youth. Contrary to the literature on homophobia, the state leaders\&$\#$39; gender, age and religiosity were not associated with homophobia.

}, author = {Jeff R. Soder} } @article {7334, title = {4-H youth worker characteristics: Comparisons with workers from other youth serving organizations}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {47}, year = {2009}, abstract = {

The study examined the characteristics of 4-H workers and youth workers from other organizations. Strengths of 4-H workers were identified as well as challenges they may face in expanding and promoting programming. Recommendations include the need to increase focus on enhancing the development of urban and suburban at-risk youth and understand the unique circumstances specific to these communities and audiences. Research should further investigate the training needs of 4-H workers as well as areas in which 4-H staff may use their expertise to enhance the skills and knowledge of youth workers from other organizations.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2009december/rb4.php}, author = {William P. Evans and Lorie L. Sicafuse and Eric Killian} } @article {7447, title = {Academic competence for adolescents who bully and who are bullied: Findings from the 4-H study of positive youth development}, journal = {Journal of Early Adolescence}, volume = {29}, year = {2009}, pages = {862}, abstract = {

Concurrent random effects hierarchical regression analyses of a subsample of 250 adolescents suggested that educational expectations and school engagement interacted in fostering academic competence for bullies and victims.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431609332667}, author = {Lang Ma and Erin Phelps and Jacqueline V. Lerner and Richard M. Lerner} } @mastersthesis {9813, title = {Adult 4-H volunteer empowerment in 4-H youth development settings}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2009}, school = {Oregon State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The primary purpose of this study was to determine which factors related to adult 4-H volunteer empowerment in 4-H youth development settings. This study examined the relationship of adult 4-H volunteers\&$\#$39; perceived leadership styles of Oregon 4-H youth development educators (YDE) to the adult 4-H volunteer sense of empowerment. The study found a significant negative correlation when comparing transformational leadership style to transactional leadership styles, meaning that 4-H YDE who are rated as using transformational leadership are very likely NOT to use transactional leadership. A significant positive relationship was found when the 4-H YDE was using transformational leadership. They are very likely to be empowering adult 4-H volunteers.

}, author = {Pamela Olsen} } @article {7227, title = {Are rural 4-H{\textquoteright}ers more connected to their communities than their non-4-H counterparts?}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {47}, year = {2009}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2009february/a6.php}, author = {Omolola A. Adedokun and Mark A. Balschweid} } @mastersthesis {9801, title = {Assessment of Indiana 4-H youth and their community contribution: Indiana 4-H study of Positive Youth Development}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2009}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this research is to determine the amount of community contribution that is associated between 4-H and non 4-H members. This study focuses on the Five C\&$\#$39;s of Positive Youth Development (PYD), which in turn lead to the Sixth C, Contribution. A survey was used to examine the elements of adolescent development, particularly the factors that promote Positive Youth Development. This study builds on the work of Dr. Richard Lerner (2005) and researchers at Tufts University in collaboration with the National 4-H Council.

This research study was administered in 22 Indiana counties. Extension Youth Educators served as the primary data collectors in collaborating with Indiana youth in grades 8 through 10. Results from this study indicate that 4-H members are less likely to participate in risk taking behaviors than their non 4-H counterparts. Results also show that 4-H youth have a higher level of Contribution within their communities. These findings support the work of Dr. Richard Lerner (2005) and the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development.

}, author = {Laura V. Bossaer} } @mastersthesis {9807, title = {An assessment of the in-service training needs of Mississippi County Extension directors in the area of program needs assessment}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {2009}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Four 4-H youth development directors participated in the study. Needs assessment training was recommended for all of the directors.

}, author = {Martha Jackson-Banks} } @mastersthesis {9818, title = {Balancing work and family responsibilities as an Extension 4-H agent}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2009}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The group experiencing the stressors to the most detrimental level was the members of the \"Sandwich Generation\" which include employees aged 35-54 and who find their careers sandwiched between raising children and caring for aging parents.

}, author = {Joseph Richard Rhea Jr.} } @article {7232, title = {A descriptive analysis of the perceptions of North Carolina 4-H agents toward minority youth participation in agricultural-related activities}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {47}, year = {2009}, note = {

Research in Brief 5RIB5

}, month = {October 2009}, abstract = {

A descriptive analysis of the perceptions of North Carolina 4-H Extension personnel regarding minority youth participation in agriculture-related activities. The study found thre was a strong need to increase recruitment and retention of minority youth in 4-H agricultural based activities.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2009october/rb5.php}, author = {Antoine J Alston and Cormanica Amie Lavon Crutchfield} } @mastersthesis {9824, title = {The effect of youth participatory evaluation and youth community action training on positive youth development}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2009}, school = {Oregon State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to measure changes in PYD (Positive Youth Development) through adolescent participation in youth participatory evaluation and youth community action training. Seventy-four conveniently sampled senior 4-H members from eight Oregon County 4-H programs participated in a longitudinal study over the course of six months. There were no significant and consistent differences in mean scores between the treatment and comparison groups relative to the six Cs following the training of the treatment group.

}, author = {David J. White} } @mastersthesis {9821, title = {The effectiveness of teens reaching youth 4-H model in a childhood nutrition and physical activity education program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2009}, school = {Utah State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The Teens Reaching Youth (TRY) 4-H model was\  used to deliver nutrition and physical activity education to youth, grades third through sixth. It was found that teens from the TRY 4-H program are as effective as adult volunteers in teaching younger youth about nutrition.

}, author = {Kristen Rae Stokes Strong} } @article {7662, title = {Engaging Latino youth in community-based programs: Findings from the first 10 years of the Oregon 4-H Latino Outreach Project}, year = {2009}, month = {November 2009}, url = {https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED507309}, author = {Beverly B. Hobbs and Barbara J. Sawer} } @mastersthesis {9819, title = {An evaluation of electronic identification in 4-H beef, sheep and swine}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2009}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to evaluate electronic identification in the form of an ear tag, in 4-H beef, sheep and swine. The objectives were to determine the retention rate, as well as the readability of the ear tags over various lengths of time. The results showed that 98.4\% of the beef cattle retained their electronic ear tag, 96.3\% of the sheep and 99.1\% of the swine. Only one of the 1,463 animal tags was unreadable after one year. Researchers concluded that the EID ear tag is a reliable form of temporary identification in 4-H beef, sheep and swine projects.

}, author = {Brittany Anita Simmons} } @mastersthesis {9822, title = {An evaluation of the impact 4-H has on its members from the perspective of Colorado 4-H alumni}, volume = {M.Ag.}, year = {2009}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Marcella E. Talamante} } @mastersthesis {9814, title = {An evaluation of the youth horticulture project}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2009}, school = {University of Vermont}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sara Coblyn Porth} } @mastersthesis {9808, title = {An evaluation of youth/adult partnerships in Georgia youth summit teams}, volume = {M.A,L,}, year = {2009}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The evaluation was used to gauge youth and adult perceptions on youth/adult partnerships. Youth and adults in this study showed positive perceptions of these partnerships and that they had a change of perception.

}, url = {https://esploro.libs.uga.edu/esploro/outputs/9949334644202959}, author = {Robert H. Jones} } @mastersthesis {9823, title = {Exploring the implementation of 4-H in high school{\textquoteright}s (China) curriculum reform}, volume = {Educational Practice}, year = {2009}, note = {

See abstract for location of paper

}, school = {Sanda University, Shanghai}, type = {Thesis}, abstract = {

The article briefly explores the curriculum reform in Shanghai\&$\#$39;s elementary and secondary schools and it examines the features of 4-H with an emphasis on the advantages that 4-H can bring to facilitate the curriculum reform. This article reports the first implementation of a 4-H project in a high school in Shanghai and the joint effort between Sanda University and the University of Illinois.

}, author = {Ya Wen} } @article {7395, title = {Exploring the positive impact of 4-H camp on youth: Identifying differences based on a camper{\textquoteright}s gender, years of attendance, and age}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {47}, year = {2009}, abstract = {

This research project reported, from a parents\&$\#$39; and guardians\&$\#$39; perspective that youth gain multiple benefits from 4-H camp experiences in the areas of leadership, character development, self-esteem, decision-making skills, independent living skills, and citizenship. The camper\&$\#$39;s gender, years of camp experience and age affected the degree of benefit.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2009december/a5.php}, author = {Jason Hedrick and Greg Homan and Jeff Dick} } @mastersthesis {9803, title = {Factors that influence 4-H club enrollment and retention in Camden County, Georgia}, volume = {M.A.L.}, year = {2009}, note = {

Available online

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This study attempted to determine participation trends from an ex post facto study and reasons for reenrolling or leaving the 4-H program. Promoting the program to the community and getting parental involvement was found to have a positive effect on reenrollment of 4-H members. Leaders should ask youth what they want to learn, give them leadership roles and provide hands on lessons was one recommendation. Promoting core programs, including camp, district and state events and taking every opportunity to recognize and reward members was another recommendation of the study.

}, author = {Amber B. Defore} } @mastersthesis {9798, title = {A follow-up study of Ohio State University Extension{\textquoteright}s youth financial literacy program, "Real Money, Real World": Behavioral changes of program participants}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2009}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lisa Bateson} } @mastersthesis {9799, title = {From family to society: The role of parenting behaviors in promoting youth civic engagement}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2009}, school = {Tufts University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

4-H Study of Positive Youth Development. Four sets of two-level multilevel regression models were conducted with the outcome variables of youth social conscience, youth civic ability, youth civic behavior and youth civic information. The analyses involving parental monitoring found that as parental monitoring increased for females, social conscience and civic information scores increased, but for males, these factors decreased.

}, author = {Neda Bebiroglu} } @mastersthesis {9815, title = {Identifying entry-level skills expected by agricultural industry experts and determining teachers{\textquoteright} perceptions on whether they are being learned through students{\textquoteright} participation in the supervised agricultural experience....}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2009}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Secondary agricultural education teachers and state FFA proficiency award sponsors in Oklahoma were surveyed in this descriptive study using a modified Delphi technique that included 3 rounds of data collection. Most of the panelist reported participation in supervised agricultural experiences or 4-H projects during their youth. Findings identified entry-level technical skills, per the seven career pathways.

}, author = {Jon W. Ramsey} } @article {7441, title = {The impact of the 4-H program on Nevada public school youth}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {47}, year = {2009}, note = {

The study was also published as an Internet resource in 2008, titled: Impact assessment of the Nevada 4-H program: An examination of public school students\&$\#$39; perceptions and behavior.

}, abstract = {

A 4-H impact evaluation conducted in Montana, Idaho, Colorado, and Utah was replicated in the Nevada public schools.

For the independent variables: Age, gender 4-H partcipation and population density, revealed that 4-H participation significantly contributed to the variance in extracurricular activity involvement, school leadership positions held, caring for others and self-conficence, character and empowerment.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2009june/rb3.php}, author = {Steven R. Lewis and Tim H. Murphy and Matt Baker} } @article {7410, title = {Impact of year long 4-H Japanese internship experiences on United States participants}, journal = {Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education}, volume = {16}, year = {2009}, month = {Spring 2009}, pages = {15-31}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2009.16102}, author = {Patreese D. Ingram and CherRhonda Smith-Hollins and Rama B. Radhakrishna} } @mastersthesis {9816, title = {Indiana 4-H horse and pony adult volunteers{\textquoteright} valuation of equine welfare}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2009}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine the value that Indiana 4-H horse and pony adult volunteers place on skills that reflect aspects of equine well-being. The volunteer educators were asked to assign a value to components of the Five Freedoms framework of animal welfare.

Skills related to nutrition, malnutrition and thirst were the most highly regarded and skills related to physical facility management and design were the least valued in regards to responsible care and use of horses. Different assignments of value were observed based on previous horse ownership, education level and familiarity with the programmatic source of the skills.

}, author = {Natalie M. Rappaport} } @mastersthesis {9805, title = {The influence of past experiences on the motivation of adult volunteers}, volume = {M.A.L.}, year = {2009}, note = {

Master of Arts in Leadership (?)

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study examined the likelihood that past 4-H experiences contribute to adult volunteerism. A total of 81 adult volunteers serving at 4-H summer camps in 2008 answered a survey questionnaire. Six motivational constructs of 4-H adult volunteers were identified. The values motivational construct which expresses values and beliefs related to unselfish desire to help others is the leading motivational construct of 4-H adult volunteers. 42 leaders were identified as being involved in 4-H as youth and a majority of those attributed their present volunteer participation to their past experiences. 4-H alumni view their 4-H experiences as very beneficial and continue to influence them in later life.

}, author = {Marcus D. Eason} } @mastersthesis {9804, title = {Leadership and group facilitation skills in Florida 4-H camp counselors}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2009}, school = {University of Florida}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine factors that facilitate camp counselor and leadership skills. The factor most influential to a change in leadership and group facilitation skills was the amount of time one spent in practicing these skills at camp. Age and years of experience as a camp counselor played a distinct role.

While the amount of training was not found to be as important, without proper training in leadership, counselors were less prone to practice these skills.

}, author = {Stefanie L. Duda} } @article {7600, title = {More than child{\textquoteright}s play: Variable-and pattern-centered approaches for examining effects of sports participation on youth development}, journal = {Developmental Psychology}, volume = {45}, year = {2009}, pages = {368{\textendash}382}, abstract = {

The authors used data from Grades 5 through 7 of the longitudinal 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development to assess relations among sports participation and other out-of-school-time (OST) activities and indicators of youth development. The benefits of sports participation were found to depend, in part, on specific combinations of multiple activities in which youths participated along with sports. Participation in a comiantion of sports and youth development programs was related to positive youth development and youth contribution, even after controlling for the total time youths spent in OST activities and their sports participation duration.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014577}, author = {Nicole Zarett and Kristen Fay and Yibing Li and Jennifer Carrano and Erin Phelps and Richard M. Lerner} } @mastersthesis {9811, title = {Ohio 4-H PetPALS and companion animal 4-H curricula: Impacts, findings and implications}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2009}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This Ex Post Facto research, utilizing a static group comparison, sought to answer the following questions:

  1. What were the characteristics of youth who completed the 4-H Pet PALS and companion animal 4-H projects in respect to county, age, gender, years enrolled in the project and type of pet species used?
  2. What were the attitudes toward pets, attachment to pets and empathic attitudes toward people for youth in the 4-H PetPALS projects? and
  3. What were the relationships among attitudes toward pets, attachment to pets and empathic attitudes toward people and youth characteristics for those completing the projects?

A questionnaire was developed and administered on-site to\  a census of 4-H Pet PALS youth (N=74) and a random sample of 4-H companion animal youth (n=74).

4-H PetPALS project members exhibited more positive attitudes toward their pets, experienced a stronger attachment to their pets and were more empathic toward people than youth who completed solely a companion animal 4-H project. A regression analysis revealed that youth who completed the 4-H Pet PALS project and were female were significant predictors of attitudes toward pets, and empathic attitudes toward people.

}, author = {Lucinda Berry Miller} } @article {7339, title = {Opportunities Matter: Exploring youth{\textquoteright}s perspectives on their long-term participation in an urban 4-H youth development program}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {4}, year = {2009}, note = {

Article 090403FA001

}, abstract = {

Study explores youths\&$\#$39; perspective on their long-term involvement at Adventure Central, a comprehensive 4-H youth development program based at an urban park facility.
The youth spoke positively of their experiences and described how they benefited from their participation. Novelty, challenge an dleadership were key features of these opportunities. The skills acquired, such as teamwork and public speaking and developed personal qualities, such as responsibiltity, helped them as they were growing up, transferred to other settings and would benefit them in the future.

}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2009.249}, author = {Theresa M. Ferrari and Kristi S. Lekies and Nate Arnett} } @mastersthesis {9812, title = {Perceptions of 4-H Extension educators and volunteer leaders toward the inclusion of youth with attention deficit hyperactive disorder(s) in 4-H programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2009}, school = {Pennsylvania State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {University Park, PA}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to determine the challenges, attitudes, training and support systems needed by 4-H Extension educators and volunteer leaders in order to successfully and effectively include youth with ADHD in their program.

The key findings of this study indicated the leaders find it challenging to work with youth with ADHD due to lack of training, but have positive perceptions toward youth with ADHD, and believe that all youth benefit from inclusion in the program. Many, however, are uncertain that 4-H is effective in providing an environment conducive to inclusion and need training on the disorders and knowledge of ways to make inclusion a success.

}, url = {https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/10219}, author = {Mpofu, Chido} } @mastersthesis {9817, title = {Perceptions of county Extension 4-H agents/educators regarding essential elements and delivery modes of positive youth development and their collective impact on character}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2009}, school = {Clemson University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, address = {Clemson, SC}, abstract = {

The purpose of this research was to investigate the perceptions of county 4-H agents/educators regarding the level of emphasis placed on the eight elements (caring adult, safe environment, mastery, service, self-determination, inclusiveness, futuristic view, and engagement) in each of the four delivery modes (clubs, special interest, school enrichment and camping. Participants replied to a web-based survey. The findings from this study supported earlier research regarding the impact of 4-H youth development. Significant results were shown for: 4-H school enrichment and club activities.

}, url = {https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/412/}, author = {Kellye Shofner Rembert} } @mastersthesis {9797, title = {Perceptions of ethical practices in youth livestock shows}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2009}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This study evaluated the perceptions of 4-H and FFA youth and their parents regarding the ethical nature of practices used in livestock shows. A questionnaire was designed to determine the perceptions of 23 commonly used livestock practices. A total of 109 youth and 67 adults were included in the survey. Overall the population perceived the 23 practices unethical. The study found significant differences existed among those with training as well as their gender and age. Those who attended an ethics training course found more practices to be unethical compared to participants that had not attended an ethics training course.

}, author = {Sharon J Ankrom} } @article {7319, title = {Preparing youth development professionals to be successful: How do the needs of Extension/4-H compare to those of other organizations?}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {47}, year = {2009}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2009february/rb1.php}, author = {Keith G. Diem} } @mastersthesis {9810, title = {A qualitative study of Ohio State University Extension professionals{\textquoteright} experience with marketing and recruiting 4-H Cloverbuds and their parents}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2009}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the recruitment and marketing strategies used with the 4-H Cloverbud program. Successful marketing messages found were: an emphasis on a 4-H experience, activity based and non-competitive, and fun activities for the children. Barriers for recruitment emerged as limitations and successes, schools and volunteers.

}, author = {Elizabeth McNeal} } @mastersthesis {9802, title = {A quantitative assessment of a LEED certified campus (4-H) building}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {2009}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, abstract = {

The study summarized the design and construction details implemented in order for the 4-H Center to be LEED Certified.

}, author = {Steven Edward DeArmon} } @mastersthesis {9796, title = {A reconceptualized analysis of the West Virginia 4-H Global Education program: Attitudes of agents, specialists, and volunteers}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, pages = {166}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, address = {Morgantown, WV}, abstract = {

The study looked a perceived attitudes of 4-H agents, specialists and volunteers toward global education and how such an educational program affects the youth development of the 4-H member.

}, keywords = {Global Education, West Virginia 4-H Youth Development Program}, doi = {10.33915/etd.3503}, author = {Ahmed M Abdulai} } @mastersthesis {9809, title = {Secretary{\textquoteright}s Commission for the Achievement of Necessary Skills (SCANS) competencies within 4-H curricula}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2009}, school = {University of Florida}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

4-H curricula have not historically been successful in including career and other competencies. The purpose of this study was to analyze 4-H career competencies that are now being included. Curricula used by Florida were studied. Career Development curricula were at a higher quality than the popular project curricula. Curricula developers should ensure that the objectives and outcomes reflect the competencies and skills developed within the curricula\&$\#$39;s activities. Research should be conducted to examine the inclusion of SCANS competencies within the activities and lessons outlined within 4-H curricula.

}, author = {Diane Elizabeth Mashburn} } @article {7492, title = {Social networking among youth: How is 4-H represented?}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {47}, year = {2009}, abstract = {

How do 4-H members represent themselves and 4-H on the pages they post. How are educators engaging and promoting programs on such sites.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2009october/a6.php}, author = {Emily Rhoades and Jerold R. Thomas and Annie Davis} } @article {7485, title = {Teaching leadership and communication skills and responsibilities: A comparison of 4-H and other youth organizations}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {47}, year = {2009}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2009april/a6.php}, author = {Rama B. Radhakrishna and Prosper Doamekpor} } @mastersthesis {9800, title = {Workforce skills development in Ohio 4-H club members: An analysis by grade, gender and leadership experience}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2009}, note = {

available Online

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Ohio 4-H club members completed measures on 4-H experiences, workforce skills, youth employment and demographics, Twelfth graders perceived 4-H to be more helpful on 20 out of the 25 skills. Thirty percent indicated that they had gotten a job as a result of the knowledge and skills they learned in 4-H. They perceived 4-H to be the least helpful in technological skills and written communication.

}, author = {Amanda Marie Bennett} } @article {7252, title = {The 4-H computer refurbishing program: An implementation model}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {46}, year = {2008}, abstract = {

The 4-H computer refurbishing program was implemented as a service learning project for the 2006 National 4-H Technology and Leadership Conference. The specific goals of the program were to decrease the number of computers discarded each year and provide 21st century job skills to youth. The program was introduced as a model 4-H\&$\#$39;ers could take back to their communities to start their own refurbishing efforts. The model is comprised of the following three steps:
10 program planning, 2) inventory management, and 3) technology training.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2008april/iw4.php}, author = {Bradley S. Barker and Kristen L. Warner} } @article {7321, title = {Applying marketing concepts to non-profit/educational organizations: The youth professional{\textquoteright}s responsibilities in program marketing and promotion}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {3}, year = {2008}, note = {

online

}, month = {Winter 2008}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2008.286}, author = {Keith George Diem} } @mastersthesis {9777, title = {Assessing the impact of life skills learned in 4-H utilized by Yolo County 4-H alumni}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2008}, school = {Pacific Oaks College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kristen Breitmeyer} } @mastersthesis {9791, title = {Assessment of life skill development of Indiana 4-H members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2008}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Perceived life skill development of Indiana 4-H members as a result of 4-H involvement was assessed in this mail survey research study. Heavily influences by the theoretical and methodological concepts used by Barkman (2003), this study builds up not he work of Hendricks (2006) as it tested and validated her work with the Targeting Life Skills Model.

Materials were administered by Indian\&$\#$39;s 92 county-based Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service offices, and the data collected at the county level were forwarded to the researcher for analysis. Results indicated Indiana 4-H members perceive they are acquiring multiple life skills through their participation in the 4-H program, particularly life skills such as self-responsibility, self-motivation, communication, leadership and social skills: the top five rated life skills. Leadership and community service volunteering exhibited the largest mean differences when comparing officers to non-officers. Females rated their perceive acquisition of 26 of the 35 life skills significantly higher than males. These findings support the work of others in the 4-H youth development literature and can be practically applied to the work of Extension educators as they more readily incorporate the lower rated life skills in their youth programming. An environment in which life skill development is fostered will assist 4-H members in becoming productive, contributing citizens in society.

}, author = {Tami M. Mosier} } @mastersthesis {9787, title = {Building youth entrepreneurs in Nebraska: An assessment of the EngrepreneurShip Investigation curriculum}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2008}, note = {

A project of Nebraska 4-H

}, school = {University of Nebraska, Lincoln}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Katelyn Anne Larson} } @article {9990, title = {Common Courtesies: Teaching Young People American Etiquette Through 4-H}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {2}, year = {2008}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2008.341}, author = {Kelley A. McCord and Jan Scholl} } @mastersthesis {9795, title = {Cooperation between Florida county extension agents and Florida agricultural educators}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2008}, school = {University of Florida}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to describe the level of cooperation between Florida county extension agents with a 20 percent or higher 4-H appointment and Florida agricultural educators who advise FFA programs. The study compared and contrasted demographic variables, identified self--perceived levels of cooperation and past and present cooperative activities. Factors related to the knowledge and perception of programs and levels of cooperation among both groups were also studied. Findings included that both populations were similar in age, educational background, county populations and opinions of encourage ment in 4-H and FFA. The physical distance between offices was not a very important factor in forming or maintaining a relationship. Most cooperation was found at county and state fairs.

}, author = {Audrey L. Vail} } @article {7380, title = {A descriptive view of the 4-H club experience through the lens of 4-H youth}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {3}, year = {2008}, note = {

online

}, month = {Winter 2008}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2008.285}, author = {Lisa A. Guion and Blanca E. Rivera} } @mastersthesis {9785, title = {Development of life skills during Projects in a Day}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2008}, school = {University of Idaho}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Katie J. Hoffman} } @article {7436, title = {Do higher levels of 4-H leadership affect emotional intelligence?}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {3}, year = {2008}, month = {Winter 2008}, abstract = {

The ex post facto, exploratory study sought to determine whether higher levels of 4-H leadership had an effect on level of emotional intelligence. Using the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i), the Texas 4-H Council (n = 32) answered questions related to five domains of emotional intelligence. The results for the five domains are as follows: \“General Mood\” = 104, \“Intrapersonal\” = 101, \“Interpersonal\” = 100, \“Stress Management\” = 100, \“Adaptability\” = 94 (Scale: effective emotional functioning = 100). The overall EQ-I score was in the average range indicating that individuals in the group are functioning and healthy. Extension professionals should be aware of the lower scores related to \“Adaptability\” and \“Stress Management.\” Some things Extension professionals should consider teaching youth include: ensuring youth goals are attainable, keeping youth focused on the issue at hand, establishing concrete protocols with youth, and teaching youth compassion for one another.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2008.298}, author = {Kalico Karr Leech and Chris T. Boleman and Cindy Akers and Barry L. Boyd} } @article {7704, title = {Economic benefit of youth leadership experience through Texas 4-H}, year = {2008}, abstract = {

While employers highly value leadership skills in their employees, qualifying the economic value of leadership is not easy. The leadership-wage effect study by Kuhn and Weinberger offers some research-based insight into the effect of leadership skills on earnings. The 10-year $45,000 leadership wage gain is an estimate that can be attributed to cumulative leadership experience gained through 4-H, high school activities, and other youth organizations (summary).

}, author = {Donald Weston McCorkle and Jeff Wayne Howard and S. Klose and D. Hanselka and T. Lepley} } @mastersthesis {9793, title = {Effect of training sessions and a horse packing notebook in preparing youth and adults participating in the 2005 and 2007 Arkansas 4-H high adventure horse packing program to pack in the wilderness}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2008}, school = {University of Arkansas}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Fayetteville, AK}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/262328349}, author = {Creenna Leigh Sheely} } @proceedings {6878, title = {The effects of the teens reaching youth 4-H model in a childhood obesity prevention program}, volume = {3}, year = {2008}, note = {abstract}, pages = {A-62}, abstract = {The TRY model was found to be an effective delivery method of nutrition education to children.}, author = {Kristen Rae Stokes Strong and N. K. Christensen and D. Carter} } @mastersthesis {9794, title = {An evaluation of the 4-H master livestock volunteer program in Texas}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2008}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to assess the perceptions of Master Livestock Volunteer program participants regarding the effectiveness of the program, their role in the county 4-H volunteer program, and the role of various stakeholders in livestock project decision making.

The average participant reported 9 years of overall volunteer service and two years of service as a Master Livestock Volunteer. Participants in this study were between 38 and 47 years of age.

}, author = {Joe Douglas Smith} } @article {7251, title = {Examining 4-H robotics and geospatial technologies in the learning of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics topics}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {46}, year = {2008}, note = {

Ideas at Work 3IAW7

}, abstract = {

The study investigated the use of educational robotics, paired with GPS and GIS geospatial technologies, as a context for learning selected concepts in science, technology, engineering, and mathmatics within a 4-H camp setting. The study involved 38 students between the ages of 11 to 15. A pretest-posttest quasi-experiential design was used in the study, with a 29-question multiple choice instrument targeting various academic topics. The results of the study suggest that the 4-H robotics and geospatial summer camp program is a promising approach for supporting STEM-related learning, as represented by a significant increase of means from pretest to posttest.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2008june/rb7.php}, author = {Bradley S. Barker and Gwen Nugent and Neal Grandgenett} } @article {6834, title = {Examining 4-H Robotics in the Learning of Science, Engineering and Technology Topics and the Related Student Attitudes}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {2}, year = {2008}, note = {

also published as\ NAE4-HA Conference Research Paper

}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to measure the effectiveness of the 4-H robotics program. Pre- and posttest scores on an assessment of basic SET concepts between youth, ages 7-11 in the 4-H robotics intervention and similar youth in a control group. The results revealed that youth in the robotics intervention showed a significant increase in mean scores on the posttest, while the control group had no significant pre-post change in scores. The results indicate that educational robotics engage youth in activities that support their learning of SET topics.

}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2008.329}, author = {Bradley S. Barker and Gwen Nugent and Neal Grandgenett and Amy Hampton} } @mastersthesis {9781, title = {Factors influencing the leadership life skills of Montana 4-H youth}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2008}, school = {Montana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Allison Maurine Flynn} } @article {7294, title = {Factors related to the developmental experiences of youth serving as camp counselors}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {49}, year = {2008}, pages = {50-63}, chapter = {50}, abstract = {

The study investigated the personal characteristics and developmental experiences of high-school-aged 4-H summer camp counselors at 4-H camps.\  The Youth Experiences Survey 2.0 and the Developmental Experience Surveys showed that the highest level of experiences occurred in the areas of teamwork and social Skills, positive relationship and camping experiences.\  Camp counseling lead to significant positive experiences, which may enhance positive leadership and life skills.

}, doi = {10.5032/jae.2008.02050}, author = {David Nathan Carter and Joe W. Kotrlik} } @mastersthesis {9783, title = {Family and contextual variables as predictors of school engagement and developmental outcomes in adolescence}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2008}, note = {

Utilized data from the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development

}, school = {Boston College}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Atara Tatelman Hedvat} } @mastersthesis {9776, title = {Ground safety skills among North Carolina 4-H horse program participants}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2008}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Courtney Hathaway Beck} } @mastersthesis {9779, title = {Helping youth with autism be successful in your group, 4-H club or camp: A guide for 4-H Extension educators and volunteers}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {2008}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Rebecca A. Davidson} } @mastersthesis {9775, title = {Here today, gone tomorrow: An investigation into why older youth leave the 4-H program}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2008}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

For years, 4-H has struggled with the complex problems of membership retention, especially among older youth. However, little research has been done concerning why 4-H members choose to leave the program. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the retention of older 4-H youth. Specifically, the study sought to investigate the reasons older youth choose not to re-enroll in the Erie County 4-H program. Specific objectives of the study were to: (a) explore the reasons why youth chose not to re-enroll in the Erie County 4-H Youth Development program (b) identify the barriers to participation in the 4-H program for Erie County youth, and (c) determine what conditions would facilitate participation in the Erie County 4-H program.

}, author = {Mary Beth Albright} } @mastersthesis {9780, title = {Making the national farmer: Progressive educational reforms and transformation of rural society in the United States (1902-1918) and Japan (1920-1945)}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2008}, school = {University of California}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Comparing the cases of the 4-H Clubs in Ohio and the progressive educational reforms in rural Saitama, Japan in the early twentieth century. This project also illuminates the dissimilarities in the schemas of practice between two societies.

}, author = {Rika Fabian} } @book {6825, title = {Men on a mission: Valuing youth work in our communities}, year = {2008}, note = {

Modified abstract from WorldCat. Available in hard and paper copy.

}, month = {394 pp}, publisher = {John Hopkins University Press}, organization = {John Hopkins University Press}, address = {Baltimore, MD}, abstract = {

A comprehensive study of men who work and volunteer with kids in a variety of public settings. Diverse histories and experiences of men are presented, including coaches, teachers, 4-H agents, and other youth organizations.

}, url = {https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/896131108}, author = {William Marsiglio} } @article {7504, title = {Middle school dropout? Enrollment trends in the California 4-H youth development program.}, journal = {Applied Development Science}, volume = {12}, year = {2008}, month = {March 2008}, pages = {1-9}, abstract = {This study used proportional hazards modeling, also known as survival analysis, with over 221,000 youth in the California 4-H Youth Development Program data during 1992-2002 to examine patterns of enrollment, retention, and dropout.
Results showed that enrollment was greatest among youth ages 10-13 in 2002. There was a trend toward dropout beyond age 11. Enrollment was fairly stable at the younger ages, but dropout accelerated in middle school and beyond and was not made up by new youth joining the program at that age. Two-thirds of the new enrollees were between 8 and 12 and fewer than 14 percent joined at high school age.
The average number of years youth spent in the program was greatest for youth who joined at age 9 (3.85 years spent enrolled on average). Results showed that white youth and those living on farms were less likely to drop out of the program than other young people.}, doi = {10.1080/10888690801910476}, author = {Steven T. Russell and Katherine E. Heck} } @proceedings {6855, title = {The Nevada 4-H Program: Impacts on Nevada Public School Youth}, volume = {27}, year = {2008}, note = {

Paper begins on page 202 of these proceedings.

}, url = {http://aaaeonline.org/Resources/Documents/Western\%20Region/Proceedings,\%20Western\%202008.pdf}, author = {Steven Richard Lewis and Tim Murphy and Matt Baker} } @mastersthesis {9788, title = {Ohio public school student{\textquoteright}s out-of-school time study: Measuring the impact of Ohio{\textquoteright}s 4-H youth development community club program}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2008}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this descriptive study was to survey Ohio youth in grades 5, 7, and 9 and explore if out-of- school activities made a difference in their lives. In the domain of life skills, other youth organization members exhibited leadership in their schools and were more likely to indicate good written record keeping skills. 4-H members responded more positively about their money management skills. Levels of risky behavior were low. 4-H members were more likely to hold leadership positions in their clubs and felt their involvement had made a positive difference in their family live. They felt that the 4-H organization to explore their unique interests that they could not explore elsewhere in their community.

}, author = {Deborah Kay Lewis} } @booklet {6898, title = {Oregon 4-H volunteer study: Satisfaction, access to technology and volunteer development needs}, year = {2008}, url = {https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.581.8403\&rep=rep1\&type=pdf}, author = {Mary E. Arnold and Brooke Dolenc} } @article {7442, title = {Out-of-school time activity participation, school enrichment and positive youth development: Findings from the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {3}, year = {2008}, month = {Winter 2008}, abstract = {

The relations in early adolescence among out-of-school-time activities and indicators of youth development were assessed through the use of 8th grade data from the longitudinal, 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development. Hierarchical multiple linear regressions indicated that \“hanging out\” with friends without set plans and excessive media use were associated with lower behavioral engagement with school, lower academic achievement, and higher rates of risk behaviors. Youth who ate dinner with their family reported higher levels of emotional engagement, lower depression and risk behaviors, and better grades. Engagement in civic activities was associated with higher levels of emotional engagement. Behavioral and emotional engagement were both associated with better grades and lower depression. Emotional school engagement was also associated with lower rates of risk behaviors. Implications of the findings for evaluating the role of out-of-school-time activities and behavioral and/or emotional school engagement in academic achievement and youth development are discussed.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2008.284}, author = {Yibing Li and Neda Bebiroglu and Erin Phelps and Richard M. Lerner and Jacqueline V. Lerner} } @mastersthesis {9784, title = {Parents{\textquoteright} perception of life skill development related to participation in the 4-H Treasures school enrichment project}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2008}, school = {University of Nebraska, Lincoln}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Rhonda K. Herrick} } @article {7509, title = {Perceived effectiveness of youth-adult partnerships on enhancing life skill development through 4-H}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {3}, year = {2008}, note = {

online

}, month = {Winter 2008}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2008.290}, author = {Jeffrey Alan Sallee and Charles Cox} } @article {7409, title = {Perceptions of retinal imaging technology for verifying the identity of 4-H ruminant animals}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {46}, year = {2008}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine perceptions of 4-H members and volunteers regarding use of retinal imagery to identify 4-H animals. Retinal imaging was perceived to be an accurate and efficient method of livestock identification. Skill and practice is involved in capturing a quality image.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2008october/rb9.php}, author = {Brian M. Howell and Clinton P. Rusk and Christine R. Blomeke and Renee Krieg McKee and Ronald P. Lemenager} } @mastersthesis {9790, title = {Perceptions of secondary agriculture teachers and 4-H youth development Extension personnel regarding cooperative behavior}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2008}, school = {University of Missouri, Columbia}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Study looked at factors related to the cooperative nature between agriculture teachers and 4-H youth development educators. Importance and affect of factors related to discrepancies and cooperation were ranked. Two context specific, case-type hypothetical scenarios were utilized in order to ask specific questions.

}, author = {Billy Ray McKim} } @mastersthesis {9786, title = {A phenomenological study of the relationship between award-winning 4-H alumni horsewomen and their horses}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2008}, note = {

WSU/Pend Oreille County Extension director. Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA, January 2008

}, school = {Gonzaga University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study explored the meaning of the relationship between 5 4-H alumni adult horsewomen and their horses. The pervasive finding was the role of the horse in providing its female owner with the necessary grounding that enabled the woman to face not only life\&$\#$39;s challenges, but to move ahead with confidence, courage and competence in everyday living. As 4-H alumni, the women found 4-H relevant to their young lives and credited the 4-H experience with providing direction in their adult lives. Each of the five women were interviewed and provided descriptive information about their interest in horses.

}, author = {Janet Kiser Lambarth} } @article {6824, title = {The positive development of youth: Report of the findings from the first four years of the 4-H study of positive youth development}, year = {2008}, institution = {Tufts University Office of Publications}, address = {Medford, MA}, url = {https://4h.ucanr.edu/files/13700.pdf}, author = {Richard M. Lerner and Jacqueline V. Lerner and Erin Phelps} } @article {7326, title = {Promoting supportive relationships in youth programs: A self-determination theory perspective}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {3}, year = {2008}, month = {Winter 2008}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2008.287}, author = {Mat D. Duerden and Ann Gillard} } @article {7425, title = {Proven effectiveness of Missouri 4-H camps in developing life skills in youth}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {2}, year = {2008}, note = {

Article: 0803RS003

}, abstract = {

In order to evaluate the efficacy of these camp programs, resident campers within the 10-13 year age range were surveyed about their camping experience during the summer of 2005 and a similar group was surveyed in 2006. Parents of campers were also surveyed both years to gather their perceptions of the 4-H camp\&$\#$39;s impact on their children in developing the life skills of: managing and thinking, relating and caring; giving and working and living and being. Parents and youth agreed strongly that the 4-H camp experience was substantially valuable in developing the life skills identified in the Targeting Life Skills Model.

}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2008.340}, author = {Michelle Klem and Donald J. Nicholson} } @article {7346, title = {A qualitative examination of youth voice in the decision-making process within the 4-H youth development program: Promoting promising practices in overcoming barriers}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {3}, year = {2008}, note = {

online

}, month = {Winter 2008}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2008.291}, author = {Janet Fox and Todd Tarifa and Krisanna Machtmes} } @mastersthesis {9778, title = {The role of ecological context and activity involvement in youth developmental outcomes: Differential impacts of asset poor and asset rich neighborhoods}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2008}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Jennifer Southwick Brown} } @article {7268, title = {State 4-H Council: A look back on what it meant to serve}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {46}, year = {2008}, abstract = {

Ex-post fact evaluation designed to seek impact of life skill development as a result of serving on the 4-H Council in Texas. Members who served from 1987 to 2006 were studied (n=38) and the life skills that were enhanced the most from serving on the council wre: development of oral communication skills, ability to relate to others, working in teams, building self-esteem. Texas 4-H Council was found to be an excellent promoter of youth through various aspects of youth development.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2008february/rb5.php}, author = {Christopher Thomas Boleman and Kyle Merten and Gayle Hall} } @article {6876, title = {Taking Congress Home: Effects of NC 4-H Congress on Youth Behaviors and Intentions}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {2}, year = {2008}, note = {

also in\ NAE4-HA Conference Proceedings 2007

}, abstract = {

Evaluation study of the 2006 North Carolina 4-H Congress showed that conference participants valued service. They learned to accept differences. Teamwork was emphasized and they felt they were able to make a difference in the lives of others.

}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2008.335}, author = {Benjamin Stillman} } @article {7387, title = {Texas 4-H agents{\textquoteright} perceptions of selected competencies in the 4-H professional research, knowledge, and competencies model}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {49}, year = {2008}, pages = {64-74}, chapter = {64}, abstract = {

A modified Borich (1980) model of needs assessment was used to determine training needs of Texas 4-H agents in the Organizational System domain of the PRK model.\ \ \  Agents perceived they were more proficient in program delivery competencies and less proficient in their own wellness.\  Significant differences were found between perceived proficiency and several competencies.\  Training is most needed in the areas of knowledge, skills, and abilities required to overcome the stresses associated with careers as Extension 4-H agents.

}, doi = {10.5032/jae.2008.02064}, author = {Amy Harder and Gary J. Wingenbach} } @article {7584, title = {Using focus groups to evaluate youth development program direction}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {46}, year = {2008}, note = {

Research in Brief 6RIB3

}, month = {December 2008}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2008december/rb3.php}, author = {David J. White and Mary E. Arnold and Marilyn Lesmeister} } @article {7299, title = {West Virginia{\textquoteright}s response to the rotten truth about oral health}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {3}, year = {2008}, abstract = {

West Virginia University Extension Service has taken steps to increase the awareness and practices of good oral health. Significant barriers exist for optimal dental health and preventive care for youth in West Virginia. The 4-H Health Initiative strengthens community 4-H clubs through joint commitment to improve the Health \“H,\” club reliance on youth leadership, responsiveness to youth voices, and involvement of community health resources. These efforts bring oral health education and services to school-age youth. Evaluation data suggest that the model may impact oral health behaviors.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2008.295}, author = {Brent Clark and Elaine Bowen and Chad Higgins and Zona Hutson and Gina Sharps and Tracy Waugh} } @mastersthesis {9792, title = {What factors contribute to older youth retention in 4-H}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2008}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Stout}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {https://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/42815}, author = {Bonnie L. Nutt} } @article {7444, title = {Who is volunteering for the Maine 4-H program?}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {46}, year = {2008}, abstract = {

The study was designed to identify people who are most likely to volunteer for the Maine 4-H youth development program and determine how they became involved and why they continue to provide service to the organization.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2008august/rb8.php}, author = {Jennifer Lobley} } @book {6818, title = {Windows to a wider world: The Payne/National 4-H fellowships, 1931-1969}, year = {2008}, note = {Also a special collection at the National Ag Library}, publisher = {Alumni}, organization = {Alumni}, address = {Saint Paul, MN}, author = {Harlan Gene Copeland and Vincent Joseph McAuliffe} } @article {7333, title = {Youth competitors gain benefits from horse show judges{\textquoteright} training program}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {2}, year = {2008}, note = {

Article 0803PA002

}, abstract = {

The article details how youth benefit from a horse show judges\&$\#$39; training program. With qualified judges, youth can be more confident that they will be evaluated in a fair and consistent manner during each show all season long.

}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2008.336}, author = {Patricia A. Evans and Scott McKendrick and John Wesley and Justen Smith} } @article {7462, title = {Youth program risk management: A case study of the 4-H PetPALS program}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {46}, year = {2008}, pages = {9}, abstract = {

Also published in 2009: Ohio 4-H PetPALS and companion animal 4-H curricula impacts, findings and implications. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2008october/a5.php}, author = {Lucinda Miller and Ryan Joseph Schmiesing} } @article {7671, title = {Youth-adult partnerships in community decision making: An evaluation of five state 4-H youth in governance programs}, year = {2008}, note = {

12-page report

}, abstract = {

Arizona, Maryland, Missouri, New Hampshire and Wyoming participated in this study to determine:

Why do states feel it is important to include youth in collective decision making?
What is the rationale for including youth?
What did the states seek to do as a means to address this rationale?
What are the key challenges facing staff when implementing youth in governance?
What practices were most promising in the implementation of youth in governance.

The study produced 4 major findings: 1) The state should incorporate youth governance in its programs and legitimize the importance of efforts, 2) state and local staff must value youth governance programs, 3) state and local staff must involve multiple stakeholders in planning, implementing and evaluating the program, 4) consider effective ways to execute programs: combining meetings, technology, award ceremonies and using technology.

}, author = {Kenneth Jones and Kahaema Byer and Shepherd Zeldin} } @mastersthesis {9782, title = {Youth{\textquoteright}s self assessment of the Nebraska 4-H Quality Assurance Program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2008}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to allow 4-H youth, ages 15-18, to self-assess their knowledge, attitudes, and behavior with regard to six components of the Nebraska Quality Assurance (NQA) program. Research questions answered were: 1) Did youth knowledge of general care and management, prevention, animal handling, carcass quality and animal health products increase as a result of NQA, 2) Did youth knowledge of NQA program improve their attitudes about responsibility as a producer of livestock for human consumption, and 3) Did youth change or improve their management practices to be consistent with the information taught by the NQA program in regards to general care and management, prevention, animal handling, carcass quality and animal health products? Results indicated youth significantly increased their knowledge, positively changed their attitudes and implemented better management practices upon completing the three year rotation, and similarly, as a result of the Quality Assurance Program.

}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/299040383}, author = {Jennifer E. Hansen} } @article {7607, title = {2006 4-H animal science fair: Regional program evaluation}, year = {2007}, author = {Mary E. Arnold} } @inbook {6794, title = {2006 Colorado County 4-H \& Youth Ag Literacy/Safety Program Evaluations}, booktitle = {2007 Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2007}, abstract = {A post questionnaire was used to evaluate knowledge gained by students at the Farm Safety/Health Day when students were introduced to a variety of farm safety and health issues such as gun, ATV, and poison safety. A total of 329 evaluations were sent out with 99 (30\%) returned. The greatest increase of knowledge was in regard to pesticide safety. Anecdotal data also provided.}, author = {S. Garrett and D. Rankin} } @inbook {6790, title = {2006 District 11 4-H Crossroads Program Summary}, booktitle = {2007 Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2007}, pages = {51-52}, abstract = {County Extension agents and volunteers worked with the district 4-H specialist to develop an educational program to promote career develoment and higher education among youth. The program targeted toward all 4-H youth, ages 14-18, with a total of 113 youth participating. Each youth could attend one of four workshops exploring career opportunities in: Sports Medicene, Veterinary Medicine, Journalism, Theatre/Share the Fun. The first section of the survey included questions to determine the overall satisfaction of youth with the program. Eighty-nine of 105 youth indicated they were mostly or completely satisfied with the program.
The second section of the survey, consisted of seven questions that determine dthe overall impact of the program.}, author = {C. Dodd} } @inbook {6785, title = {2006 Nueces County 4-H Quality Counts Outcome Program}, booktitle = {2007 Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2007}, abstract = {An evaluation of programs was given to youth participants at the Nueces County Major Entry Night program. At this event a Quality Countys program was given and show updates and changes were shared with 4-H members and their families. Overall, the 27 youth participating in this survey correctly answered 75\% of the questions. They were also completely satisfied with educational programs.}, author = {N. Carr} } @inbook {6795, title = {2006 Refugio County youth leadership program evaluation}, booktitle = {2007 Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2007}, pages = {53-57}, abstract = {In order to evaluate the results of the program, a retrospective post and a customer satisfaction survey were administrated. An increase in the four areas measured were:
implementing effective measures to ensure each child has an opportunity to best learn the material based on their individual learning styles, understanding how your style affects your teaching ability and how to overcome the differences, use teamwork in daily programming, recognize the signs of youth being left behind during group activities.
Eight-eight percent said they planned to make changes in their teaching and implementation of the curriculum.}, author = {J. D. Gray} } @inbook {6796, title = {2006 Youth Character Education Program Evaluation}, booktitle = {2007 Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2007}, pages = {47-49}, abstract = {The youth Character Education Program had been initiated to address risk factors, social or substance that have a negative influence on the youth in Karnes County. Utilizing the 4-H and Youth Committee, the program was implemented for 3rd, 4th, and 5th graders in two school districts in the county. A pre-post evaluation concerning student attitudes was conducted by every teacher in each grade during the 2005-2006 school year. The teachers rated various attitude levels in September 2005 before the students started the program and again in May 2006. Improvements were shown in all factors among 88-100\% of the students}, author = {D. Hale and J. Russell} } @article {7608, title = {2007 ExxonMobil Bernard Harris 4-H Summer Science Camp at Oregon State University: Program Evaluation Report}, year = {2007}, author = {Mary E. Arnold} } @article {7474, title = {4-H}, journal = {Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior}, volume = {39}, year = {2007}, pages = {S116-S117}, abstract = {Issues addressed were: provide healthy foods and beverages and survey how these foods were accepted, assess the energy needs of campers and compare the caloric values of foods and beverages served to meet these needs, and determine if there was an increased food cost associated with providing healthier foods.}, author = {R. Jeff Olson} } @inbook {6804, title = {4-H afterschool program entrepreneurship}, booktitle = {2007 Texas 4-H and Youth Research Review}, year = {2007}, pages = {73-75}, abstract = {A pre- and post-test was conducted to determine the percentage change in entreprenurial knowledge and skills gained as a result of New Communities: Kidz with Biz/Ideaz/Conroe YEP 4-H afterschool conducted at intermediate, junior high and community center youth. Seven factors showed between 20-29 percent change. Direct observation among staff showed between a 66-83 percent change among 12 youth.}, author = {S. Nolen} } @inbook {6810, title = {4-H project clinics in Wharton County}, booktitle = {2007 Texas 4-H and Youth Research Review}, year = {2007}, pages = {77-78}, abstract = {A 4-H goat and swine project clinics were developed and reviewed. Observational evaluations were made on participants one and two months after the goat clinic (N=10)and a customer satisfaction survey (N=23) was conducted after the swine clinic. Eighty to 100 percent were observed to have made positive changes on four factors because of the goat clinic. Seventy-eight to 100 percent were mostly or completely satisfied with four factors relating to the swine clinic.}, author = {A. L. Wilson} } @article {7565, title = {4-H Teen Russian/American International Leadership (T.R.A.I.L.) Use of youth/adult partnerships in Global Education and Leadership Development}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {45}, year = {2007}, note = {

Ideas at Work 3IAW2

}, month = {June 2007}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2007june/iw2.php}, author = {Alayne Torretta} } @article {7248, title = {4-H youth development apprenticeship program: A pilot of a new certification in youth development}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {45}, year = {2007}, abstract = {

The field of youth development is expanding, requiring 4-H Extension staff to gain expertise in the field without leaving their jobs to return to school. This 2004 apprenticeship program was developed under the guidance of NAE4-HA and the National 4-H Council through funding from the U.S. Department of Labor. An evaluation of the pilot found staff gained numerous skills needed to effectively serve youth and took greater interest and enthusiasm in their jobs, but no statistically significant differences resulted between pre-to postests on youth development constructs. There was a statistically significant gain in the respondents believing they had an opportunity for promotion. A small sample size, limited time, and need to further develop training techniques may have influenced the results.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2007december/a2.php}, author = {Sandra Bailey and Mary Katherine Deen} } @article {7511, title = {4-H youth development professionals{\textquoteright} perceptions of the importance of and their current level of competence with selected volunteer management competencies}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {45}, year = {2007}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2007june/rb1.php}, author = {Ryan J. Schmiesing and R. Dale Safrit} } @article {7373, title = {Accentuating the positive: Colorado 4-H impact study}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {45}, year = {2007}, abstract = {

Study measured the impact that the 4-H youth development experience had on young people. Data were collected from fifth, seventh and 9th grade students in Colorado. Results show that 4-H youth deveoopment members had higher grades, were more likely to help others, had better relationships with adults, were glad to be who they are, and had a significantly more positive outlook on life and the world around them than non-youth development members.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2007october/rb8.php}, author = {Jeff Goodwin and Jan B. Carroll and Melissa Oliver} } @article {7432, title = {Addressing the needs of children of offenders: The 4-H LIFE model}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {2}, year = {2007}, abstract = {

4-H LIFE represents a promising approach to addressing the needs of children of offenders and their caregivers. The 4-H Living Interactive Family Education (LIFE) Program was established in 1999 at the Potosi Correctional Center, a maximum security prison. 4-H LIFE is an enhanced or therapeutic visitation program with 3 key components: parent engagement, parent education and 4-H activities for chldren of offenders, led by the incarcerated parents. Since inception, 141 youth (5-18) have participated. Evaluations suggest that parent-child outcomes improved. In 2005, 4-H LIFE received the Annie E. Casey Foundation Family Strengthening Award.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2007.353}, author = {Lynna J. Lawson and Robert C. Wilkerson and Tammy Gillespie and Elizabeth G. Dunn and J. Gordon Arbuckle and L. Jo Turner} } @article {7588, title = {Analysis of minority participation in Texas{\textquoteright} East Region 4-H and youth development program in relationship to leadership, marketing and educational opportunities}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {2}, year = {2007}, month = {Fall 2007}, abstract = {

This study indicated that even though the 4-H club program is available to all youth, fewer minorities choose to participate, and thus, lose the the opportunity to benefit. the study also gathered information that addressed some ethnic/racial issues pertaining to marketing the 4-H youth development program. It was determined that differences did exist for youth involved in the Eastern Region 4-H Youth Development Program and recommendations to market programs to these specific groups.

}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2007.355}, author = {Montza Williams and Jeff Wayne Howard} } @mastersthesis {9768, title = {Attitudes of 4-H club leaders toward volunteer training in West Virginia}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2007}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jennifer Post} } @article {7621, title = {Beyond evaluation: Findings from the California 4-H camp study}, year = {2007}, note = {

Also in Research you may have missed, published by University of California

}, abstract = {

Report describes the findings from a two year study. Using a framework of positive youth development supports and opportunities (Connell \& Gambone, 2002), the study explored whether young people, both teens and campers, experienced supportive relationships, safety, youth involvement and skill building at camp. The study also explored components of environmental stewardshhip at 4-H camp. Focus groups were conducted with campers, teen staff and adults. Findings revealed that there was significant change in camper\&$\#$39;s responsed of certain supports and opportunities in the two camps that implemented their improvement plans. Based on the findings, the report provides suggestions for making change, including a sample camp improvement action plan.

}, url = {https://4h.ucanr.edu/files/4427.pdf}, author = {Lynn Schmitt-McQuitty and California 4-H Camp Evaluation Team} } @proceedings {6841, title = {Characteristics of state 4-H foundations}, year = {2007}, note = {Also in 2007, Texas Research Review, pp. 1-14}, pages = {25}, abstract = {The purpose of the study was to identify successful characteristics and activities of state 4-H foundations. The population for this study consisted of state 4-H foundation executive directors (n=42), who held their position in the spring of 2005, and 4-H foundation trustees (n=248). Significant findings include: a strong relationship between monetary goals and a higher level of total financial support and a significant correlation between 4-H foundations that have conducted a capital campaign and a higher level of total support.}, author = {Brad Davis} } @booklet {6920, title = {A collaborative model: The UMass campus retiree and alumni associations and Massachusetts 4-H partnerships for baby boomer and volunteer recruitment}, year = {2007}, author = {Kathleen Chatwood and others} } @mastersthesis {9765, title = {Common courtesies: Teaching young people American Etiquette through 4-H}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2007}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The thesis contains a curriculum designed to help teenagers understand the significance and positive impact of using proper etiquette in today\&$\#$39;s society.

}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/186969005}, author = {Kelley A. McCord} } @article {7416, title = {County extension agents{\textquoteright} perceptions of positive developmental assets for vulnerable youth}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {45}, year = {2007}, abstract = {

A statewide assessment was conducted to determine county agents\&$\#$39; perceptions toward key developmental assets in the lives of vulnerable youth and to identify an age group as a primary focus for Extension. Ninety-two percent of the 202 county agents reponding to the rating scale agreed upon the need to focus on both youth leadership and personal values. Ninety-four percent indicated that Extension should place on midle school youth as a high priority for programming. The findings indicate that there is relevance in assessing program efforts that promote positive development among youth.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2007december/rb4.php}, author = {Kenneth R. Jones and Kerri L. Ashurst and Janet Kurzynske} } @article {7272, title = {Creating a 4-H technology camp for middle school youth}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {45}, year = {2007}, abstract = {

Evaluation study reported that youth enjoyed the classes and were interested in learning more about the topics, but were less interested in getting a job as addressed by the topics. One hundred percent of the campers were interested in returning to the camp program in 2007.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2007october/iw4.php}, author = {Virginia D. Bourdeau and Erin Taylor} } @article {7766, title = {Critical indicators of youth development outcomes for 4-H national mission mandates}, year = {2007}, abstract = {

Monograph reviews research on youth development and programming best practices, with an emphasis on the themes related to the 4-H National Mission mandates. Youth practitioners and researchers who are looking to find guidelines for what types of measurements they could be using to evaluate and align their practices will find this article informative and useful.

}, url = {https://youthdevelopment.ces.ncsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/CriticalIndicators-PYD.pdf?fwd=no}, author = {Ben Silliman} } @proceedings {6869, title = {Developing a scale to measure attitudes toward 4-H competitions}, year = {2007}, pages = {45}, abstract = {An expert panel named the six factors as: competition{\textquoteright}s societal role, benefits of competitions, organizational role of competitions, balancing (winning vs. losing) competitions, and negative perceptions of competitions. These six factors provided evidence for a valid and reliable scale for measuring attitudes toward competitions.}, author = {Rama B. Radhakrishna} } @inbook {6797, title = {Developing young leaders in Bee County through the county youth board}, booktitle = {2007 Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2007}, abstract = {A retrospective post-test was utilized to measure programmatic impact on leadership and team building skills. A total of 10 of 10 (100\%) of the participants returned the instrument. The survey showed exceptional ratings on 5 out of the 13 factors. The youth board successfully conducted a youth summit in one rural community and is currently working on action plans to address the youth issues that were identified.}, author = {R. Hohlt and D. Montemayor} } @booklet {6947, title = {The development and evaluation of experiential learning workshops for 4-H volunteers}, year = {2007}, author = {Richard P. Enfield and Lynn Schmitt-McQuitty and Martin H. Smith} } @mastersthesis {9773, title = {Development and initial validation of the Williams-Proctor cultural competence scale: Assessment for youth development professionals and paraprofessionals}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2007}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, address = {Columbia, MO}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/4834}, author = {Bonita E. Williams} } @booklet {6972, title = {Development of a comprehensive new 4-H Extension agents training program using a multi-module approach and the 4-H Professional, Research, Knowledge and Competencies (4HPRK) taxonomy}, year = {2007}, author = {Barry A. Garst and J. Hunnings and K. Jamison and others} } @article {7404, title = {Differences in youth perceptions of Ohio 4-H based on gender}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {45}, year = {2007}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2007october/rb7.php}, author = {Greg Homan and Jeff Dick and Jason Hedrick} } @mastersthesis {9772, title = {Evaluation and revision of a national standard-based 4-H embryology curriculum}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {2007}, school = {Penn State University, Schreyer Honors College}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Genevieve M. Wilde} } @inbook {6792, title = {An evaluation of the Kids in Touch program in Comal County}, booktitle = {2007 Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2007}, pages = {35-38}, abstract = {Retrospective evaluation of the Kids in Touch program to determine behavior change of youth participating in the program. Two hundred three program participants responded to the survey instrument conducted in 2006.}, author = {Karla Marie Friesenhahn and Christopher Thomas Boleman} } @proceedings {6848, title = {An evaluation of the utilization of risk management tools and training to protect youth and adults in overnight settings}, year = {2007}, pages = {64-65}, abstract = {Two hundred and forty-eight volunteers responded to a mixed model 33-item survey, participants of an Overnight Chaperone Program, rated themselves gains in understanding of subject matter presented during the training. Rated the highest was the understanding of how to create a positive youth environment. Participants scored both the highest and lowest on aspects of discipline, health and safety.}, author = {J. Fox and Lisa Arcemont and D. Bairnsfather and others} } @mastersthesis {9767, title = {The father factor: Paternal engagement and adolescent psychosocial functioning}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2007}, note = {

Online, see ProQuest Dissertation Abstracts

}, school = {Tufts University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Utilized Grades 6 and 7 of the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development to focus on how a father\&$\#$39;s engagement in his child\&$\#$39;s activities predicted Grade 7 positive youth development and depression scores. Results indicated the lack of paternal engagement during Grade 6 in children from families in which the mother had a high school or lower lever education were associated with higher depression scores during Grade 7. Gender did not significantly predict children\&$\#$39;s depression scores.

}, author = {Jack Stevenson Peltz} } @mastersthesis {9763, title = {How do leadership skills gained in 4-H carry through adulthood?}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2007}, note = {

FirstSearch WorldCat Record

}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Stout}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {https://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/42347}, author = {Jaclyn C. Johnson} } @article {7331, title = {How rules shape children{\textquoteright}s use of science as they raise market animals in 4-H}, journal = {Journal of Experiential Education}, volume = {29}, year = {2007}, month = {September 2007}, pages = {401-404}, abstract = {This study revealed that organizational rules influenced children to incorporate specific actions into their activity and utilize skills and processes of sciences (science habits of mind). Some rules influenced children{\textquoteright}s actions in positive ways, that were not expressly intended by the local 4-H leaders who designed and maintained the rules.}, author = {Kenneth Roy Emo} } @article {7311, title = {Identifying volunteer core competencies: Regional differences}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {45}, year = {2007}, abstract = {

Volunteers and agents were surveyed in 12 states. Thirty-two competencies for volunteers were identified for those who deliver 4-H youth development programs and activities. Twenty of the 32 competencies were different when stratified by Extension region, illustrating that volunteer competencies have greater regional differences than previously thought. Volunteer competencies were statistically more different in the southern region (perhaps due to greater school based and agent delivered programs)while competencies in the north central and wester regions were the most similar. Volunteer competencies that were not found to be significantly different could become the focus of a national volunteer development curricula. These include: communication, ages and stages of youth development, technology, computer skills, patience, risk management, liability, experiential learning, empowerment and delegation, learning styles, needs assessment problem-solving skills, club managemnet and recognition.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2007december/a3.php}, author = {Kenneth Culp III and Renee Krieg McKee and Patrick Nestor} } @mastersthesis {6881, title = {Impact assessment of the Nevada 4-H program: An examination of public school students{\textquoteright} perceptions and behavior}, year = {2007}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Doctoral }, address = {College Station, TX}, abstract = {

An 4-H impact evaluation study, conducted in Montana, Idaho, Colorado and Utah was replicated in the Nevada Public Schools. 4-H participation was found to significantly contribute to extra curricular activity involvement, school leadership positions held, caring for others, and self-confidence, character, and empowerment.

}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85775}, author = {Steven Richard Lewis} } @mastersthesis {9760, title = {The importance of the Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service as perceived by local governing bodies in Louisiana}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2007}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Local governing bodies thought 4-H was very important to the development of people in Louisiana. Awareness of the effectiveness of programs and services correlated with higher levels of perception. Researcher recommends that 4-H agents invite members of governing bodies to 4-H events more often. The perception of the 4-H program may have a positive effect on how local governing members perceive the Louisiana Cooperative Extension as a whole.

}, author = {Peter Charles Cannizzaro} } @article {7367, title = {Intentional self-regulation and positive youth development in early adolescence: Findings from the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development}, journal = {Developmental Psychology}, volume = {43}, year = {2007}, month = {March 2007}, pages = {508-521}, abstract = {Using the data from a longitudinal sample of 5th and 6th graders from the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development, the authors discuss the idea that self-regulation is a global process in early adolescence that contributes to positive youth development.}, doi = {10.1037/0012-1649.43.2.508}, author = {Steinunn Gestsdottir and Richard M. Lerner} } @mastersthesis {9774, title = {Intentional self-regulation in early adolescence: Assessing the structure of selection, optimization and compensation process}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2007}, note = {

Online

}, school = {Tufts University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Study uses data from grades 5, 6 and 7 of the 4-H study of Positive Youth Development (PYD). Grade 5 Selection, Optimization and Compensation (SOC) scores positively predicted Grade 7 scores on the five Cs of PYD (competence, confidence, character, connection and caring and negatively predicted Grade 7 depression, delinquency, and risk behavior. No gender effects were found in regard to changes in SOC scores.

}, author = {Stacy M. Zimmerman} } @mastersthesis {9770, title = {An investigation of interactivity at the Michigan 4-H Children{\textquoteright}s Garden}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2007}, school = {University of Delaware}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Participants of this study included 195 children, ages 2-10, who visited the Michigan 4-H Children\&$\#$39;s Garden in East Lansing. Children were interviewed and observed in order to learn how they interact with features in the garden. Categories of interactivity were developed as data were collected and patterns emerged. These were: environmental, sensory, physical, social and imaginative interactions. Recommendations from this study provided design suggestions for enhancing children\&$\#$39;s interaction in the garden.

}, url = {https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/123164435}, author = {Cindy Sobaski} } @article {7468, title = {Longitudinal study of the general knowledge of 4-H horse members}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {45}, year = {2007}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2007october/rb6.php}, author = {Jenifer Nadeau and Emily McCabe Alger and Tom Hoagland} } @article {7245, title = {Making the best better: 4-H staffing patterns and trends in the largest professional network in the nation}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {2}, year = {2007}, note = {

Modified from Journal of Youth Development abstract

}, month = {Fall 2007}, abstract = {

Results from the National 4-H Headquarters survey of 4-H workforce provides baseline data about 4-H staffing, structures in which 4-H professionals work, and salary ranges as reported by state Extension 4-H directors. All 50 states responded to the survey and results were reported in 8 areas.
The survey revealed that academic training of 4-H professionals and compensation for 4-H youth workers was higher compared to counterparts in youth work elsewhere. While funding has remained stable, there has been an increase in the use of para-professionals for program delivery.

}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2007.343}, author = {Kirk Astroth} } @proceedings {6852, title = {The master showmanship contest: Fairness at the fair}, year = {2007}, pages = {98}, abstract = {Scores, win/loss outcomes, participant and judge perceptions were analyzed.}, author = {Wendy Hein} } @proceedings {6853, title = {The master showmanship contest: Fairness at the fair}, year = {2007}, pages = {98}, abstract = {Author analyzed and evaluated contest outcomes and established predictors of a "fair" outcome with various types of scores and included participant and judge perceptions inorder to improve the Master Showmanship contest at their county fair.}, author = {Wendy Hein} } @article {7237, title = {The motivation for and developmental benefits of youth participation in county 4-H fairs: A pilot study}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {45}, year = {2007}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2007december/rb5.php}, author = {Mary E. Arnold and Jana L. Meinhold and Tammy Skubinna and Carolyn Ashton} } @mastersthesis {9771, title = {Motivational change: An examination of long-term Michigan 4-H volunteers}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2007}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Jennifer Ann Wagester} } @proceedings {6864, title = {Parents{\textquoteright} perceptions of life skills gained from participation in the beef, swine, or sheep project}, year = {2007}, pages = {52}, abstract = {Randomly selected parents of youth in the West Viriginia{\textquoteright}s 4-H program taking these projects were given a survey to determine if life skills were enhanced. Top five mean scores were: build positive self-esteem, accepting responsibliity, setting goals, self motivation, and develop organizational skills. Low to moderative positive relationship for life skill development and years of participation in the beef, sheep or swing 4-H project, were also evidenced.}, author = {S. Nicodemus and K. Hicks and J. Heavner} } @article {7421, title = {Patterns of success for urban 4-H youth development in the near future}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {2}, year = {2007}, note = {

Article 0702FA005

}, month = {Fall 2007}, abstract = {

A modified Delphi study indentified patterns of success for urban Extension 4-H programming in the next five years. The Delphi panel of 20 experts represented all regions, program areas, organizational levels and two external friends of Extension. Quantitative and qualitative data on the topics of collaboration, target populations and programming and fifteen patterns of success were identified.

}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2007.347}, author = {W. Jack Kerrigan Jr.} } @mastersthesis {9769, title = {Perceived effectiveness of youth-adult partnerships on enhancing life skill development through 4-H}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2007}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Purpose was to determine if youth and adult partnerships were an effective means to enhance the youths\&$\#$39; development of life skills. Leadership, cooperation, service learning, planning and organizing were enhanced, however other life skills were not. There was evidence that many of the youth participants did perceive themselves as equal team members when participating with adults. The greatest obstacle that kept youth from engaging was not much time after homework and other activities. Training on how to implement this type of program is needed.

}, author = {Jeffrey Alan Sallee} } @mastersthesis {9759, title = {Perceptions about traditional 4-H clubs among the Hispanic clientele in southwest Miami-Dade County}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2007}, school = {University of Florida}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to describe the perceptions and impacts of traditional 4-H clubs in the southwest area of Miami-Dade County and to describe the perceptions of 4-H professionals regarding Hispanics in Miami-Dade County. The overall purpose was to increase the ability of extension to respond to Hispanic needs. Overall results showed that involvement in traditional clubs does affect the development of life skills among youth and that there is a need to\  hire more bilingual/bicultural 4-H agents in order to reach Hispanics and increase their enrollment.

}, author = {Gina Maria Canales Hernandez} } @article {7384, title = {Perceptions of important competencies for early-career and established 4-H agents}, journal = {Journal of Southern Agricultural Education Research}, volume = {57}, year = {2007}, month = {Agricultural Education}, pages = {43-52}, author = {A. Harder and Kim E. Dooley} } @article {7327, title = {Plants and textiles: A legacy of technology--Introducing a new on-line project for youth}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {45}, year = {2007}, note = {

Tools of the Trade 6TOT3

}, month = {December 2007}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2007december/tt3.php}, author = {Marcia Eames-Sheavly and Charlotte W. Coffman} } @article {7398, title = {Quality 4-H youth development program: Belonging}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {45}, year = {2007}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2007october/a8.php}, author = {Sarah T. Hensley and Nick T. Place and Joy C. Jordan and Glenn D. Israel} } @inbook {6812, title = {Quality Counts in Goliad County}, booktitle = {2007 Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2007}, pages = {65-67}, abstract = {Goliad County 4-H and Youth Development Committee worked with the County Extension Agent to develop an intensive education program to teach 4-H members livestock management practices and show ethics. Evaluation instruments (pre-test) were utilized to measure programmatic impact for four livestock workshops in 2006. Nine factors showed a 40\% or more change in attitude among 23 of the 47 participants.}, author = {B. Yanta} } @article {7480, title = {The relationship between participation in community service-learning projects and personal and leadership life skills development in 4-H leadership activities}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Extension}, volume = {48}, year = {2007}, pages = {67-81}, abstract = {The study compared perceptions of personal and leadership life skills development of high school 4-H leadership activity participants by whether they participated in the 4-H Junior Leader Club and/or the Character Counts! peer teaching program. No differences were found but future research should consider reconfigured scales to study 4-H participants involved in more structured 4-H experiences.}, doi = {10.5032/jae.2007.04067}, author = {Connie S. Phelps and Joe W. Kotrlik} } @inbook {6781, title = {Report on the 34th annual Texas Cooperative Extension Horsemanship Program 2006}, booktitle = {2007 Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2007}, pages = {15-27}, abstract = {The Texas Cooperative Extension Summer Horsemanship School Program was started in 1973 and this summer marked the 34th consecutive year that the program has served 4-Hers, parents and leaders at the county level. A total of 717 youth and adults participated in the schols taught by six horse program assistants. Surveys ranked the schools from good to excellent for improving knowledge and skills of participants.}, author = {T. J Antilley and P. G. Gibbs} } @mastersthesis {9764, title = {School engagement and academic competence: The roles of individual and contextual assets}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2007}, note = {

Online

}, school = {Tufts University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Utilized 4-H Study of Positive Youth developed to establish relationships between school engagement and academic competence. Results of hierarchical linear regression analyses indicate that several individual and contextual factors predicted both facets of school engagement. Youth who had higher scores for intentional self regulation, who perceived mothers as being warmer and perceived their school atmosphere as being more positive reported higher levels of behavioral and emotional school engagement.

}, author = {Yibing Li} } @book {6822, title = {Science, engineering, and technology (SET) programming in the context of 4-H youth development}, year = {2007}, publisher = {Ohio State University}, organization = {Ohio State University}, address = {Columbus, OH}, abstract = {The 4-H SET Leadership Team commissioned this paper to identify standards in SET with which 4-H could align, and to identify life skill outcome that would likely result from 4-H youth development programs. The authors see technology and engineering in context related to science, as some of the applications of scientific knowledge in the real world. A youth development approach to scientific learning allows the incorporation of cognitive theory into science education.}, author = {Robert Louis Horton and J. Gogolski and C. Warkentien} } @article {7253, title = {Stakeholders{\textquoteright} Input on 4-H Science and Technology Program Areas: An Exploratory Study}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {45}, year = {2007}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2007april/rb6.php}, author = {Bradley S. Barker} } @mastersthesis {9756, title = {Stimulating science wonderment and developing scientific knowledge through multi-day field trips and post-field trip follow-up}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2007}, note = {

Study involved: 4-H Children\&$\#$39;s Garden

}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kelli Jo Berryhill} } @mastersthesis {9761, title = {Student leadership self-perception compared to teacher perception of student leaders, achievement scores, and student demographics in a cross-section of students in third, sixths and ninth grades}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {2007}, note = {

Online, Dissertation Abstracts

}, school = {Drake University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Most youth related research has involved participation in extra curricular clubs such as FFA and 4-H, or groups including gifted/talented and athletics.

Third grade students held a stronger belief that others saw them as leaders compared to sixth and ninth grade responses.

Promoting and validating best practice through research is a timely challenge to educational leaders.

}, author = {Carol Skokan Farver} } @proceedings {6875, title = {Teen driving: The importance of families in life skill development}, year = {2007}, pages = {98}, abstract = {A four-page survey tool was developed by the research team from results of focus groups of 48 teens. The survey was administered to 1,943 high school seniors from 12 high schools in seven counties during 2006. Nearly half of the students reported that parents were the most helpful resource for them when they were learning to drive, followed by driver training at 26\%. Thirteen percent of the youth indicated that they were driving without a permit. The research team was composed of county and state 4-H YD staff.}, author = {C. Sousa and J. Borba and K. Nathaniel} } @mastersthesis {9758, title = {Texas Cooperative Extension{\textquoteright}s 4-H county government guide: A needs assessment}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2007}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Stillwater, OK}, url = {https://shareok.org/handle/11244/8373}, author = {Marsha Broesche} } @booklet {6886, title = {Understanding the 4-H workforce: Staffing, structures and salaries}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Abstract in Youth Today, Vol. 16(4), p. 27}, author = {4-H Center for Youth Development} } @article {7412, title = {Using positive youth development to predict contribution and risk behaviors in early adolescence: Findings from the first two waves of the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development}, journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Development}, volume = {31}, year = {2007}, pages = {263-273}, abstract = {

The 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development was launched in 2002 with a group of 1700 fifth grade youth from 13 states.
Results indicated that when controlling for within school effects, adolescents who had higher scores on PYD in Grade 5 had higher levels of contribution in Grade 6, and lower levels of risk behaviors and deparessing in Grade 6. Girls had significantly higher contribution scores and lower levels of risk behaviors than boys.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025407076439}, author = {Helena Jelicic and Deborah L. Bobek and Erin Phelps and Richard M. Lerner and Jacqueline V. Lerner} } @article {7280, title = {Volunteers{\textquoteright} Perceptions of the Volunteer Management Practices of County Extension 4-H Educators}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {45}, year = {2007}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2007june/tt5.php}, author = {Megan Sinasky and Jacklyn Bruce} } @mastersthesis {9755, title = {Weight trajectories and positive development in early adolescent females: An analysis of the links between pubertal status, life style behaviors and psychosocial functioning}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2007}, note = {

Online ProQuest Dissertation Abstracts

}, school = {Tufts University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Utilized data from the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development to examine the relationship among life style behaviors, pubertal status and psychosocial functioning among a sample of 505 adolescent girls from Grades 5-7.

Study reveals variance in depression and self-worth scores based on weight, sedentary behaviors, healthy home habits and physical activity participation.

}, author = {Pamela M. Anderson} } @mastersthesis {9757, title = {What is the effect of 4-H involvement on levels of empathy, self-esteem, community involvement and positive view of the future on urban youth?}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2007}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Purpose of study was to examine empathy, self-esteem, community involvement and positive view of the future for both 4-H and non-4H members in an urban setting.

The Texas study utilized a quantitative research model. Seven counties participated. Response rate was 27 percent.

Findings: Empathy, community involvement, self-esteem and positive view of future can be indicators of leadership; race has a significant impact on self-esteem but not on a positive view of the future; 4-H involvement has a significant impact on community involvement.

}, author = {Erika Dawn Bonnett} } @mastersthesis {9766, title = {Wisconsin 4-H sportsmanship}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2007}, school = {University of Wisconsin, River Falls}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sarah Marie Medick} } @article {7405, title = {Youth perceptions of Ohio 4-H}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {45}, year = {2007}, note = {

Research in Brief 4RIB3

}, month = {August 2007}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to examine youth perceptions about 4-H in Ohio. Data were collected through a questionnaire given to youth in grades 4, 7, and 10 from nine different schols in Ohio. A total of 1, 462 students provided usable data. Of those that had never been members of 4-H were significantly more likely to agree that 4-H is boring while current and former members were more likely to agree that 4-H is fun and cool. The older the youth, the less favorable they viewed 4-H.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2007august/rb3.php}, author = {Greg Homan and Jeff Dick and Jason Hedrick} } @proceedings {6851, title = {Youth perceptions of the Ohio 4-H program based on 4-H alumni status of parents}, year = {2007}, pages = {73}, abstract = {This descriptive and correlation study was conducted to assess youth perceptions of 4-H. Nine cooperating schools, located in five northwest Ohio counties, were chosen by the researchers. Three written questionnaires were designed and tailored for past 4-H members, current 4-H members, and those who have never joined 4-H. The instruments were designed to be short and cover multiple aspects of 4-H.}, author = {Jason Hedrick and J. Dick and Greg Homan} } @article {7282, title = {4-H afterschool - Making an impact}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {1}, year = {2006}, note = {

Article No. 0601PA004

}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2006.401}, author = {JoLene Bunnell and Robert Pate} } @mastersthesis {9744, title = {Aligning 4-H curricula to Idaho academic standards for use in extended time programs}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {2006}, school = {University of Idaho}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Rhonda Osterberg} } @article {7596, title = {Altering adult-based beef quality assurance curricula for youth education}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006august/tt4.php}, author = {John Yost and Stephen Boyles} } @mastersthesis {9732, title = {Analysis of critical components of state 4-H foundations}, volume = {Doctoral}, year = {2006}, school = {Texas Tech University}, type = {Thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to identify successful characteristics and activities of state 4-H foundations which appear successful in fundraising and compare those who are not as successful. The population for this study was state 4-H foundation executive directors who held their position in spring 2005 and a random sample of state 4-H foundation trustees. There was a substantial relationship with foundations having a strategic plan and the amount of monies raised. Also a strong relationship with monetary goals and higher level of total financial support and a significant correlation between 4-H foundations that have conducted a capital campaign and a higher level of total support.

}, url = {https://ttu-ir.tdl.org/handle/2346/62663}, author = {Jay Brad Davis} } @mastersthesis {9739, title = {Assessment of competency level and training preferences among Nebraska extension 4-H professionals}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2006}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kristen N. Huckins} } @mastersthesis {9735, title = {An assessment of trust among levels and networks of employees of the Alabama Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {2006}, school = {Alabama State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose o the study was to assess trust levels within and among the various organizational networks and levels of the Alabama Cooperative Extension system. The ratings of trust among broad program areas, including 4-H youth development differed for county extension coordinators and regional extension agents. CECs rated higher than did REAS. The 4-H groups also rated the relationship significantly higher than did the Agricultural and Natural resource groups.

}, author = {Olin F. Farrior Sr.} } @article {7487, title = {Attitudes of 4-H participants about 4-H competitive events}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006december/rb3.php}, author = {Rama B. Radhakrishna and Lydia Everhart and Megan E. Sinasky} } @mastersthesis {9741, title = {The attitudes of Extension faculty toward globalizing Extension programs: A case study of Virginia Cooperative Extension}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2006}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Edwin Carnell Lewis} } @article {7269, title = {Attitudes of Extension professionals toward involvement of special needs youth in 4-H programs}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006december/a4.php}, author = {Deborah A. Boone and Harry N. Boone, Jr. and Christina Reed and Jean M. Woloshuk and Stacy A. Gartin} } @article {7560, title = {Cacophony and change in youth after school activities: Findings from the 4-H study of positive youth development}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {1}, year = {2006}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2006.394}, author = {Christina Theokas and Jacqueline V. Lerner and Erin Phelps and Richard M. Lerner} } @article {7448, title = {A comparison of 4-H and other youth development organizations in the development of life skills}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006october/rb2.php}, author = {Sarah E. Maass and Carolyn S. Wilken and Joy Jordan and Gerald Culen and Nick Place} } @article {7278, title = {Connecting history and modern methods: The 4-H quilt block}, journal = {Journal of NEAFCS}, year = {2006}, abstract = {A historical study of five quilt blocks with H patterns to test if the original block was developed to represent the 4-H program.}, author = {S. Brown and E. Krumbach and Jan F. Scholl and D. Vigna} } @mastersthesis {9750, title = {The current status of CARTEENS programs in Ohio: A descriptive study}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2006}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Due to the increasing number of juvenile traffic offenders, the Ohio CARTEENS program was established in 1987. The purpose of the study was to describe the 44 CARTEENS programs through a Zommerang, on-line survey. The majority of the CARTEENS programs utilized a post-test to determine knowledge gained and program objectives achieved. Recommendations included giving CARTEENS more responsibility for curriculum development and delivery, using a variety of teaching techniques to engage multiple learning styles. Utilizing an officer team to assistant teen leaders develop life skills (leadership and responsibility0 was another recommendation.

}, author = {Michelle Ann Shipe} } @mastersthesis {9745, title = {Defining and assessing the needs assessment of San Luis Obispo 4-H cattle groups and improving available information}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {2006}, school = {California Polytechnic State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Stephanie Pfarr} } @article {7238, title = {Developing evaluation capacity in Extension 4-H field faculty: A framework for success.}, journal = {American Journal of Evaluation}, volume = {27}, year = {2006}, note = {also ERIC EJ736634, 13 pages}, month = {June 2006}, pages = {257-269}, abstract = {A framework based on four strategic methods for teaching evaluation: 1) using logic models for sound program planning,
2) providing one-on-one help, 3) facilitating small-team collaborative evaluations, and 4) conducting large-scale multi-site evaluations. 4-H field educators significantly increased their evaluation knowledge and skill and reported feeling more positive about evaluation. Framework for teaching evaluation has value for all organizations interested in developing evaluation capacity. Abstract also published in Research You May Have Missed, University of CA, Winter 2008, p. 1.}, doi = {10.1177/1098214006287989}, author = {Mary E. Arnold} } @article {7489, title = {Educational value of 4-H competitive events as perceived by parents of 4-H participants}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {47}, year = {2006}, pages = {70-80}, author = {Rama B. Radhakrishna} } @mastersthesis {9749, title = {The enablers and barriers of providing professional practical skills education to rural elementary school students in Zhejiang, China}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2006}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate the enablers and barriers to providing both technical and practical skills education to rural Chinese elementary school students. Focus groups and surveys were given to teachers, students and parents. Enablers: teachers/ parents agreed on the importance of providing practical skills education and willingness to participate in study and subsequent projects and students would enjoy learning practical skills. Barriers included: traditional exam-oriented educational philosophy in China, only schools are responsible for providing education, and financial issues. Researcher recommended setting up a nonformal educational programs, such as 4-H.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.31274/rtd-180813-16506}, url = {https://dr.lib.iastate.edu/handle/20.500.12876/74642}, author = {Difei Shen} } @mastersthesis {9736, title = {Evaluating an Extension program: the Texas 4-H Wildlife Habitat Evaluation Program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2006}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The 2005 Texas 4-H Wildlife Habitat Evaluation Program (WHEP), a contest teaching youth fundamentals of wildlife science was studied to determine if it was promoting conservation by increasing knowledge and skills. Thirty-five youth participated. Program had little influence on attitudes as most youth had positive perceptions before contest. Past participants of WHEP claimed significant increase in skills, but current participants could not determine their own progress. Parents and coaches claimed program had a large impact on youth by instilling knowledge and values and improving their social, cognitive and leadership competencies.

}, url = {https://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4387}, author = {Andrea Marie Feldpausch} } @article {7500, title = {An evaluation of retinal imaging technology for 4-H beef and sheep identification}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, abstract = {

This study evaluated retinal imaging technology as a means of permanent identification of 4-H beef and sheep projects by comparing the time required to collect a retinal image versus a nose print, and determining the false match and false non-match rate of visual vertification for each identification method.

Abstract also published in NAE4-HA Conference Proceedings, \"Touching Tomorrow Today\" in Bismark, ND, October 21-25, 2001.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006october/a7.php}, author = {Clinton P. Rusk and Christine R. Blomeke and Mark A. Balschweid and Stephen J. Elliott and Dan Baker} } @article {7406, title = {Exploration of parent, 4-H volunteer advisor, and sports coach support and pressure on youth involved in 4-H and/or school sports}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006february/rb7.php}, author = {Greg Homan} } @mastersthesis {9737, title = {An exploration of the relationship of explanatory style to academic achievement, college student persistence, ACT/SAT scores, and college student inventory measures}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2006}, school = {Montana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Bozeman, MT}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of explanatory style to academic performance of Montana State University agriculture students. Also, to determine the predictive capability of measured independent variables (Academic Attributional Style Questionnaire (AASQ) to anticipate first/second year attrition in the College of Agriculture. Among other factors, the majority of the cohort group had been involved in 4-H or FFA. The AASQ showed little value as a predictor of attrition. Explanatory styles were not largely optimistic nor pessimistic among this group.

}, url = {https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/1274}, author = {Leann Alicia Fox} } @article {7336, title = {An exploratory study of adolescents{\textquoteright} motivations for joining and continued participation in a 4-H afterschool program}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, abstract = {

Study of seven youth. Youth mentioned feelings of comfort, safety and connectedness within the program as a reason for remaining a program member. They also mentioned the fun they had and friends they had made within the program, and opportunities to learn new life skills and to develop empathy and maturity.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006august/rb3.php}, author = {Theresa M. Ferrari and Cassie LuAnn Turner} } @article {7362, title = {Exploring the adolescent life skill outcomes of State 4-H Congress participation and the different outcomes of gender and race groups}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006december/rb2.php}, author = {Barry A. Garst and Joseph R. Hunnings and Kathleen Jamison and Jewel Hairston and Robert R. Meadows and Wendy R. Herdman} } @mastersthesis {9751, title = {Exposures of rural children and adolescents to agriculture related health hazards}, volume = {M.Ph.}, year = {2006}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to utilize longitudinal data collected from 4-H youth in central Ohio to identify the range of agricultural and non-agricultural tasks performed (by 4-H farm youth), describe the variations in the work practices and the common occupational hazards farm youth come in contact with. For thirteen weeks data was collected on time spent on each of 52 chores, multiple characteristics of injuries experienced and work practices outside the farm environment.

}, author = {Lynn Frances Shotts} } @mastersthesis {9729, title = {Factors related to the developmental experiences of youth serving as Louisiana 4-H camp counselors}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2006}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, address = {Baton Rouge, LA}, abstract = {

Study investigated the developmental experiences of high-school aged 4-H youth who volunteer as counselors at Louisiana 4-H summer camps. Two hundred and eighty-eight counselors participated from June-August 2006. The Youth Experiences Survey 2.0 and the Developmental Experience Survey were utilized to measure the personal characteristics and developmental experiences of 4-H camp counselors. Study showed that counselors were active 4-H club participants and in leadership activities at various levels. Black counselors had higher-level experiences in all aspects of the camping experience. With more hours to training, counselors reported higher-level problem solving.

A small amount of variance was reported based on gender. Findings show that camp counselor experience enhances youths\&$\#$39; ability to develop positive leadership and life skills.

}, url = {https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3536/}, author = {David Nathan Carter} } @article {7477, title = {Former 4-H Key Club members{\textquoteright} perceptions of the impact of "giving" life skills preparation of their civic engagement}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006february/a7.php}, author = {Penny Pennington and M. Craig Edwards} } @article {7433, title = {Gold rush: Exploring an alternative 4-H livestock experience}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006june/iw3.php}, author = {Andrew M. Lazur and Deborah B. Pouder and Monica L. Brinkley and Elaine Shook and Yolanda Goode and Heather Kent} } @article {7536, title = {Horsemanship and life skills of youth in horse programs}, journal = {The Professional Animal Scientist}, volume = {22}, year = {2006}, month = {February 2006}, pages = {89-93}, abstract = {

Also published as a monograph: \"Kids + Horses = Magic: Impact of equine activities on youth development, by the same authors in February 2006, 16 pp.

}, doi = {10.15232/S1080-7446(15)31066-4}, author = {C. E. Smith and Swinker, Ann and P. M. Comerford and Radhakrishna, Rama B and Hoover, Tracy} } @mastersthesis {9752, title = {How participation in youth programs influences adult volunteerism and patriotism in different U.S. generations}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {2006}, school = {Illinois State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This study looked at generational differences, specifically the Baby Boom Generation and the Y-Generation to determine if various youth program participation has an effect on subsequent adult attributes of volunteerism and patriotism. An online survey was completed by 263 subjects. The survey included the following variables: gender, year of birth, U.S. citizenship, past and present state of residence, racial/ethnic background, educational level, and types of youth programs subjects participated in as children. Results from the statistical analyses found relationships between participants of youth service clubs and adult patriotism, competitive youth activities and adult patriotism, number of years of participation in 4-H club and adult volunteerism, and the Baby Boom Generation and adult volunteerism. Implications for the impact of various youth programs on later volunteerism and patriotism are discussed.

}, author = {Spahr, Mary} } @mastersthesis {9730, title = {How voice affects perceptions of relationships with adults, ownership and engagement in youth}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2006}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, address = {Baton Rouge, LA}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to determine if youth \"having a voice\" affects the ownership and engagement experienced by youth in a county 4-H program. Treatment groups included youth and adults sharing decision-making power vs. youth experiencing an adult-led approach. A youth voice survey instrument was developed. Analysis of covariance was utilized to determine differences between groups and if differences existed between youth based on race. All findings were statistically significant. In programs incorporating voice, youth experience more ownership, engagement and had a more positive relationship with adults. Adults should receive training to support youth as decision-makers.

}, url = {https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2926/}, author = {Melissa D. Wade Cater} } @article {7905, title = {The impact and sustainability of 4-H youth programs}, year = {2006}, note = {

With funding from the National 4-H Council

}, institution = {University of Connecticut, Center for Applied Research}, abstract = {

Because of the methodological and design limitations found in many of the studies reviewed, it was not possible to clearly identify the type or level of impact that sustained involvement in 4-H had on members\&$\#$39; development. There was, however, some evidence that suggested that youth who participate in 4-H over time and had assumed leadership roles and responsibilities perceived their 4-H experience as contributing to the development of important life and leadership skills. Eleven recmmendations were made for improving the utility of future 4-H studies and reports.
--From the Executive Study.

}, url = {https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/42980380/the-impact-and-sustainability-of-4-h-youth-development-programs}, author = {Maureen T. Mulroy and Lisa Kraimer-Rickaby} } @mastersthesis {9747, title = {Impact of a health intervention in Latino children in Central Ohio}, year = {2006}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, abstract = {

Jump into food and fitness (JIFF) an intervention program targeted for elementary school-age children was developed by a 4-H team at Michigan State University to educate children 8-11 about food choices, nutrition and physical fitness. The purpose of this study was to test the implementation of this curriculum with Latino children and to develop and pilot evaluation tools for its implementation.

Seven sessions (once a week) of instruction by the primary investigator to this group of 12 children. Tools successful in measuring acquired knowledge, but benefit of training was inconsistent for this sample of children.

}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1811/6508}, author = {Laura Romstedt} } @mastersthesis {9738, title = {Implementation of a syndicate program for 4-H/FFA members to use to sell livestock projects in Santa Ba rbara and San Luis Obispo counties}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {2006}, school = {California Polytechnic State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Nicole Hannah Guriel} } @mastersthesis {9754, title = {The influence of contextual teaching with the problem solving method on students{\textquoteright} knowledge and attitudes toward horticulture, science and school}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2006}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to assess horticultural science knowledge achievement and attitude toward horticulture, science and school in high school agriculture students. There were 240 high school students in the sample, including both experimental and control groups from California and Washington. Youth organization membership such as FFA or 4-H had no significant bearing on achievement or attitude.

}, url = {https://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4226}, author = {Carrie Lynn Whitcher} } @article {7573, title = {Innovative online curriculum writing: A practical approach for multiple authors/multiple locations}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006august/iw4.php}, author = {Diane C. Vigna and Patricia J. Fairchild and Jamie Donaldson-Fassett} } @article {7258, title = {Integrating youth into community development: Implications for policy planning and program evaluation}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {1}, year = {2006}, note = {

Article 0602FA001, online

}, month = {September 2006}, pages = {2-16}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2006.382}, author = {Rosemary V. Barnett and M. A. Brennan} } @mastersthesis {9727, title = {Involvement, satisfaction, and organizational commitment among current and former Extension 4-H volunteers in Mississippi}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2006}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Investigation of the relationships among volunteer involvement, satisfaction and organizational commitment of current and former Extension 4-H volunteers in Mississippi. Eight hundred volunteers (half current, half alumni) were randomly selected. Volunteer status explained the significant difference between current and former 4-H volunteer mean scores when organizational commitment, involvement and satisfaction were compared.

}, author = {Wandra Arrington} } @article {7369, title = {Keeping teens involved through state 4-H exchanges}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006august/tt3.php}, author = {Donna R. Gillespie} } @article {7603, title = {Leadership practices employed by 4-H youth development educators in a Northeast State}, journal = {Journal of Leadership Education}, volume = {5}, year = {2006}, month = {Winter 2006}, url = {https://journalofleadershiped.org/abstracts/?ids=1151}, author = {Jacklyn Antoinette Bruce and Nichole S. Webster and Megan E. Sinasky} } @article {7552, title = {Leadership styles and volunteer administration competence: Perceptions of 4-H county faculty in the United States}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006february/rb6.php}, author = {Nicole Stedman and Rick Rudd} } @mastersthesis {9753, title = {Level of youth voice in the decision-making process within the 4-H youth development program as perceived by state 4-H program leaders, state 4-H youth development specialists, and 4-H agents/educators}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2006}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, address = {Baton Rouge, LA}, abstract = {

The information gathered from program leaders, 4-H specialists, and 4-H youth agents was utilized in identifying the level of inclusiveness of youth\&$\#$39;s \"voice\" in the decision making process. Three constructs were identified to have an effect on the participants personal views: (1) adult initiated-youth involved, (2) youth led-adult supported, and (3) youth involved-adult decision making. Researcher notes that from a standpoint of organizational culture, 4-H has a double standard on including youth in the decision-making process.

}, url = {https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3484/}, author = {Todd Tarifa} } @article {7275, title = {Looking back, the impact of the 4-H camp counselor experience on youth development: A survey of counselor alumni}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006december/rb1.php}, author = {Jeanne Brandt} } @mastersthesis {9733, title = {Meeting challenges in the face of change: How the newly independent 4-H Ontario is learning to do by doing}, volume = {M.Sc.}, year = {2006}, school = {University of Guelph}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

4-H Ontario conducted this study to share the importance of organizations which represent rural youth in Ontario. A detailed literature review on organizational capacity development and a conceptual framework were completed. Data collection was conducted by personal interviews with 4-H stakeholders. 4-H Ontario members were involved in a focus group and direct observation activities, as well as a mail-out/Internet survey. Results found that despite governmental cuts, 4-H Ontario successfully maintained its organization through its five year transition. Organizational change, however, has had an impact on its ability to offer capacity development. Results and recommendations were presented to assist 4-H Ontario in strengthening its capacity.

}, author = {M. Courtney Denard} } @article {7494, title = {Mentoring: A promising approach for involving at-risk youth in 4-H}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006june/a5.php}, author = {Kathleen Riggs and Thomas Lee and James P. Marshall and Ellen Serfustini and JoLene Bunnell} } @book {6814, title = {National 4-H Council Evaluation of Building Community Inclusion Program}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Family and Youth Institute}, organization = {Family and Youth Institute}, author = {Cheryl Asmus and Cindy Cindrich} } @article {7254, title = {Nebraska 4-H household technology and interest survey}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {1}, year = {2006}, note = {

Article No. 0602RS004

}, month = {September 2006}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2006.391}, author = {Bradley S. Barker and Debra K. Meier} } @mastersthesis {9734, title = {Parents{\textquoteright} perception of life skill and livestock production knowledge development related to participation in 4-H livestock quiz bowls}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2006}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/68623937}, author = {Robert L. Eirich} } @article {7337, title = {Parents{\textquoteright} perceptions of family involvement and youth outcomes at an urban 4-H program}, journal = {Forum for Family and Consumer Issues}, volume = {11}, year = {2006}, url = {https://www.theforumjournal.org/2006/12/03/parents-perceptions-of-family-involvement-and-youth-outcomes-at-an-urban-4-h-education-center/}, author = {Theresa M. Ferrari and Ted Futris and Carol Smathers} } @article {7587, title = {Participation in a 4-H food camp to promote nutrition knowledge and culinary skills}, journal = {Journal of NEAFCS}, year = {2006}, author = {D. Williams and N. Christensen and R. Pfister and D. Murphy} } @mastersthesis {9728, title = {Philanthropic motivations of female donors to Virginia{\textquoteright}s 4-H program}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2006}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study examined the motivating factors that led 32 women to donate to the Virginia 4-H program. Focus groups and questionnaire were used. Findings are consistent with the six C\&$\#$39;s of female philanthropy as proposed by Shaw and Taylor (1995). Expanding the six C\&$\#$39;s to include compassion and community may provide more definitive answers to motivational factors impacting female philanthropy.

}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30210}, author = {David B. Calhoun} } @article {6884, title = {Positive aspects of 4-H livestock shows}, year = {2006}, note = {

Online article. Last accessed 25 October 2016

}, month = {August 22, 2006}, url = {https://www.farmprogress.com/thiesses-thoughts-46}, author = {Kent Thiesse} } @article {7228, title = {Quantitative and qualitative assessments of thriving and contribution in early adolescence: Findings from the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {1}, year = {2006}, month = {September 2006}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2006.383}, author = {Amy Eva Alberts and Elise DiDenti Christiansen and Paul Chase and Sophie Naudeau and Erin Phelps and Richard M. Lerner} } @mastersthesis {9742, title = {Relationships between personality type, job satisfaction, and job performance in the Mississippi State University Extension Service}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2006}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Study determined relationships between personality type, job satisfaction and job performance in MSU Extension service through a descriptive correlational design. The study suggested that personality profiles of MSU-ES county directors, area agents and 4-H agents mirrored Reeves (1995) profile of MSU-ES county professionals and Graham\&$\#$39;s (1983) profile of Arkansas Extension agents. Only a small percentage of agents were dissatisfied with their jobs. Relationships were found to exist between the demographic characteristics of age, position, years in that position and job performance. The age of the agent was the best predictor of job satisfaction and the position of the agent was the best predictor of job performance.

}, author = {John Lyndon Long} } @article {7506, title = {Revisiting state 4-H mentoring programs for county 4-H professionals}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, note = {

Article 1FEA6

}, month = {February 2006}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006february/a6.php}, author = {R. Dale Safrit} } @article {9996, title = {Running Successful Extension Camps for Hispanic Children: From Program Planning to Program Delivery for a 1-Week Day Camp}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006august/a4.php}, author = {Farner, Susan and Cutz, German and Farner, Barbara and Seibold, Sheri and Abuchar, Viviana} } @mastersthesis {9748, title = {Self-esteem assessment of adolescents involved [sic] in horsemanship activities}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2006}, school = {University of Florida}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This study examined the effects of participation in horsemanship activities on adolescent self-esteem, personal horsemanship attributes, physical competence, physical self-efficacy, and physical acceptance. Sonstroem\&$\#$39;s Exercise and Self-Esteem Model, based in Bandura\&$\#$39;s Social Learning Theory, was used as the framework of this study. The results of this study indicate that participation in horsemanship activities can significantly influence adolescent self-esteem. Further study on a broader range of adolescents, not solely those involved in 4-H should be conducted.

}, author = {Kellee Elizabeth Saunders-Ferguson} } @article {7533, title = {Self-perceived 4-H leader competencies and their relation to the skills youth learn through 4-H youth development programs}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006august/rb2.php}, author = {Loretta Singletary and Marilyn G. Smith and William P. Evans} } @article {7379, title = {Statistical testing of a measure of youth{\textquoteright}s perceived improvement in life skills}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {1}, year = {2006}, note = {

Article No. 0602RS002, online

}, month = {September 2006}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2006.389}, author = {Lisa A. Guion and Blanca E. Rivera} } @article {7355, title = {Student focus groups reveal impacts of 4-H program}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006august/tt2.php}, author = {Robin Galloway and Kenneth Peterson and Michael Dalton} } @mastersthesis {9743, title = {Student{\textquoteright}s experience and perceptions after attending Big Red Summer academic camps}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2006}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kathryn Kami Marsh} } @article {7531, title = {Supervisors{\textquoteright} and 4-H youth development educators{\textquoteright} perceptions of the leadership practices employed by educators}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, note = {

Article 3FEA6

}, month = {June 2006}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006june/a6.php}, author = {Megan E. Sinasky and Jacklyn Antoinette Bruce} } @mastersthesis {9746, title = {Training for the Nebraska 4-H volunteer}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2006}, note = {

An option 111 project, Extension Associate, Dodge County
Fremont, NE 68025
lposspe@unlnotes.unl.edu

}, school = {University of Nebraska, Lincoln}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lisa M. Poppe} } @inbook {6791, title = {Twenty-first century learning after school: The case of 4-H}, booktitle = {The case for 21st century learning}, year = {2006}, author = {David P. Driscoll} } @article {7602, title = {Use and evaluation of a statewide 4-H volunteer newsletter}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006february/rb8.php}, author = {Bruce P. Zimmer and Joyce A. Shriner and Scott D. Scheer} } @article {7250, title = {Using robotics as an educational tool in 4-H}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006october/iw6.php}, author = {Bradley S. Barker and John Ansorge} } @mastersthesis {9740, title = {Youth{\textquoteright}s coping strategies used during a parent{\textquoteright}s military deployment and benefits gained by attending Ohio{\textquoteright}s Operation Purple Camp}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2006}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Study\&$\#$39;s objectives: determine benefits, measure youths\&$\#$39; coping strategies, identifying changes made and attitudes toward deployment impacted through a camp experience. The Double ABCX Model of Adjustment and Adaptation provided the theoretical framework. Schoolagers Coping Strategies Inventory and camp assessments were used to collect data from sample (n=140). Seven states were represented in the study. Average age of youth: 12 years old. Doing something fun and controlling themselves were the most helpful coping strategies.

}, url = {http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392308882}, author = {Dona Lee Leonhard} } @mastersthesis {9723, title = {4-H dairy project curriculum and leader{\textquoteright}s guide}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {2005}, school = {California Polytechnic State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Jennifer L. Tereba} } @article {7276, title = {The 4-H summer cultural arts day camp: Bringing the world to "My World"}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {43}, year = {2005}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2005february/iw3.php}, author = {Jeanne Brandt and Mary E. Arnold} } @article {7359, title = {Adolescent leadership skill development through residential 4-H camp counseling}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {43}, year = {2005}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2005october/rb5.php}, author = {Barry A. Garst and Jeremy Johnson} } @mastersthesis {9710, title = {Adolescent perceptions on the presence of the seven contextual features of animation violence as an indicator of aggressive attitudes and behaviors}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2005}, school = {University of Florida}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Joshua Hirsch} } @article {7563, title = {An affirmative approach to parental involvement in youth programs}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {43}, year = {2005}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2005august/tt4.php}, author = {Alayne Torretta and Laura Bovitz} } @inbook {6793, title = {An analysis of leadership life skills development at the 1998 Texas 4-H congress}, booktitle = {Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2005}, pages = {25-33}, author = {Karla Marie Friesenhahn and Martha Elaine Couch and others} } @mastersthesis {9725, title = {Beliefs of Georgia public middle school teachers regarding residential environmental science education}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {2005}, school = {Georgia Southern University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Baseline data concerning Georgia public middle school science teachers\&$\#$39; beliefs related to participation in Georgia 4-H Residential Environmental Science Education (RESE) programs. Researcher compared teachers who had participated in the program and those who had not participated to identify differences in beliefs. Past participants believed there to be fewer barriers or a lesser effort to overcome it. Both groups believe some barriers to participation were easier to overcome than others. Budget constraints, time, work, and lack of\  knowledge required to participate were believed to offer the greatest degrees of difficulty.

}, author = {Hal McBeen Thomason} } @mastersthesis {9714, title = {Benefits of future practices for urban Extension county offices identifying patterns of success using a modified Delphi and case study}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2005}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Heath Darrell Nokes} } @mastersthesis {9715, title = {Benefits of participation in the Cannon County 4-H livestock projects as perceived by select former exhibitors}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2005}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Heath Darrell Nokes} } @mastersthesis {9731, title = {The benefits of quality assurance programming on 4-H livestock exhibitors in Nebraska Dam, Karna J.}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {2005}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Karna J. Dam} } @article {7340, title = {Building a collaboration for youth development: The "club-within-a-club"}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {43}, year = {2005}, note = {

Article 1FEA4

}, month = {February 2005}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2005february/a4.php}, author = {Theresa M. Ferrari and Laurie Beth Hartzell Sweeney} } @proceedings {6860, title = {Camp counseling does teens a world of good: A study of the Ohio 4-H camp counseling experience}, year = {2005}, note = {abstract; Dissertation topic}, pages = {74}, author = {Niki Nestor McNeely and Theresa M. Ferrari} } @mastersthesis {9707, title = {Children and their 4-H animal projects: How children use science in agricultural activity}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2005}, school = {University of Colorado, Boulder}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this two-year ethnographically-driven case study was to examine how science informs the actions of children raising market animals in a 4-H project. Evidence was found that: Children\&$\#$39;s learning is demonstrated by the way their participation in the project changes with time, from receiving assistance from others to developing expertise in which they provide assistance to others. The researcher noted \"that the strength of this educational experience is how children apply specific tools of science in ways that provide meaning and relevancy to their 4-H activity.\"

}, author = {Kenneth Roy Emo} } @article {7342, title = {Cooperative and competitive orientations in 4-H and non-4-H children: A pilot study}, journal = {Journal of Research in Childhood Education}, volume = {19}, year = {2005}, month = {Summer 2005}, pages = {302-313}, abstract = {

Analyses of variance revealed that 4-H members have lower competitive and cooperative orientations compared to non-members. Boys have substatially higher cooperative orientations than girls. These unexpected results need replication.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/02568540509595073}, author = {Robert J. Fetsch and Raymond K. Yang} } @article {7305, title = {Demographic differences of 4-H volunteers, agents, and state volunteerism specialists: Implications for volunteer administration}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {43}, year = {2005}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2005august/a2.php}, author = {Kenneth Culp III and Renee Krieg McKee and Patrick Nestor} } @inbook {6782, title = {Developing a program evaluation instrument for Texas 4-H}, booktitle = {Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2005}, note = {see also Couch, Martha E., Journal of Extension, 39(4), August 2001, Ideas at Work (4IAW4)}, pages = {15-20}, author = {Christopher Thomas Boleman and Jeff Wayne Howard and others} } @proceedings {6843, title = {Developing a scale to measure public speaking skills achieved by 4-H youth}, year = {2005}, pages = {21}, abstract = {This study details how the literature review, including a review of existing life skill instruments lead to the development of a a valid and reliable instrument to measure beginning public speaking skills.}, author = {J. Donaldson and Jill T. Martz and P. Ezrell and others} } @mastersthesis {9717, title = {Development of youth leadership life skills of Texas youth as San Antonio livestock exposition school tour guides}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2005}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {https://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1332}, author = {Laura A. Real} } @inbook {6784, title = {Does study abroad make a difference: An impact assessment of the International 4-H Youth Exchange program}, booktitle = {Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2005}, pages = {45-51}, author = {B. Boyd and C. Giebler and others} } @proceedings {6868, title = {Educational value of 4-H competitive events as perceived by 4-H participants}, year = {2005}, note = {abstract}, pages = {40}, author = {Rama B. Radhakrishna} } @proceedings {6835, title = {The effect of participation of youth in camp counselor programs}, year = {2005}, pages = {22 pp.}, abstract = {the study focused on the impact of the summer camp program on the teen 4-H members serving as camp counselors.}, author = {Jeanne Brandt} } @mastersthesis {9722, title = {Effectiveness of the 4-H advisory committee process as perceived by 4-H professionals and advisory committee members}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2005}, note = {

Available Online

}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the 4-H advisory process as perceived by 4-H professionals in Louisiana and primary stakeholder groups in the LSU 4-H program. Data were obtained by 104 4-H youth development professionals and 142 parish 4-H advisory committee members. Descriptive data were obtained. Findings indicated that both groups perceived that the parish advisory process was effective. Advisory committee members had a higher level of agreement on the effectiveness of the process than the professionals on all measured scales. Based on results, it was concluded that the main focus of some parish advisory committees was the planning and evaluation of 4-H events and activities. Additionally, it was concluded that the membership on these committees needs to be more diverse.

}, author = {Mark Gerald Tassin} } @mastersthesis {9719, title = {Emotional intelligence of state 4-H leadership youth in Mississippi}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2005}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study measured the Emotional Intelligence of 4-H Leadership Team Participants compared to non-participants and to validate the Mayer, Salovey, Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test: Youth Version. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups or any of the demographic variables. Further research was recommended, particularly with a larger population.

}, author = {Amber Tereza Schmidt} } @inbook {6803, title = {Evaluation of SpecTra2000, an annual program in Texas 4-H}, booktitle = {Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2005}, pages = {67-72}, author = {C. Newberry and Martha Elaine Couch and others} } @booklet {6946, title = {An evaluation of the effectiveness of life skill development in Missouri{\textquoteright}s 4-H youth resident summer camps}, year = {2005}, author = {K. Ellerbusch and C. Calkins and J. Schwartz} } @mastersthesis {9706, title = {"The Experience of a Lifetime": Alumni perceptions of the development and transfer of life and workforce skills in the Ohio 4-H camp counselor program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2005}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Janel Kathleen Digby} } @article {7483, title = {Experiences of 4-H Japanese exchange program on participants: An evaluative study}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {43}, year = {2005}, note = {

Research in Brief 3RIB3

}, month = {June 2005}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2005june/rb3.php}, author = {Rama B. Radhakrishna and Patreese D. Ingram} } @mastersthesis {9711, title = {Exploration of future practices for urban Extension county offices identifying patterns of success using a modified Delphi and case study}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2005}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Purpose of the study was to identify current practices of urban county extension offices and projected patterns of success for 2007-2010. A case study and modified Delphi technique were used for this exploratory study. These patterns of success were identified for Internal Operations, External Operations and programming, including youth programming.

}, author = {Warren Jack Kerrigan} } @article {7569, title = {Expressed values of 4-H adult volunteer leaders: Implications for rural teachers and 4-H staff}, journal = {The Rural Educator}, volume = {26}, year = {2005}, pages = {35-39}, abstract = {At a time when 4-H could help fill an imortant gap in rural communities, changes within the organization have left some volunteers feeling overwhelmed. This article offers a theoretical framework for understanding the feelings and values of rural 4-H volunteers during a period of dramatic organizational change.}, author = {Janet Usinger and Don Breazeale and Marilyn G. Smith} } @article {7475, title = {Extent of positive youth-adult relationships in a 4-H after-school program}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {43}, year = {2005}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2005april/rb4.php}, author = {Jessica Elaine Paisley and Theresa M. Ferrari} } @mastersthesis {9709, title = {Factors that influence 4-H club membership retention in West Virginia}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2005}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine retention rates among youth enrolled in West Virginias 4-H youth programs and to identify characteristics or trends associated with 4-H club membership retention. Population of the study consisted of youth who were members in 2002, 2003 and 2004 using an ex post facto research design. Variables explored were: county, age, gender, grade in school, years in 4-H and projects attempted. Years of club membership were higher than the mean of the individuals that dropped out of the program.

}, author = {David C. Hartley} } @mastersthesis {9721, title = {FFA and 4-H{\textquoteright}s impact on society}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {2005}, school = {California Polytechnic University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Steeber, Zachariah B.} } @inbook {6787, title = {Fisher County 4-H Exchange Program "Benefit or Bust?" A comprehensive survey of the Fisher County 4-H exchange program}, booktitle = {Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2005}, pages = {73-75}, author = {B. Dannheim and J. Hansard and others} } @article {7235, title = {Fun and friendship in the natural world: The impact of Oregon 4-H residential camping programs on girl and boy campers}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {43}, year = {2005}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2005december/rb1.php}, author = {Mary E. Arnold and Virginia D. Bourdeau and Janet Nagele} } @article {7372, title = {Idaho 4-H Impact Study}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {43}, year = {2005}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2005august/a4.php}, author = {Jeff Goodwin and Cyndi Barnett and Michele Pike and Joey Peutz and Rhea Lanting and April Ward} } @inbook {6798, title = {Impact Assessment of the Texas 4-H and Youth Development Program}, booktitle = {Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2005}, pages = {1-13}, author = {Jeff Wayne Howard and Martha Elaine Couch and others} } @article {7385, title = {An in-depth look at 4-H enrollment and retention}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {43}, year = {2005}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2005october/rb4.php}, author = {Amy Harder and Alexa Lamm and Dennis Lamm and Rose Herbert III and Glen Rask} } @proceedings {6866, title = {Influence of 4-H program on former 4-H members{\textquoteright} career and life experiences}, year = {2005}, author = {Rama B. Radhakrishna}, editor = {Edmond P. Bowers and G. John Geldhof and Sara K. Johnson and Lacey J. Hilliard and Rachel M. Hershberg and Jacqueline V. Lerner and Richard M. Lerner} } @proceedings {6871, title = {Involving 4-H/youth development educators to strengthen community engagement in sustainable local food system}, year = {2005}, note = {abstract}, pages = {56}, author = {Rama B. Radhakrishna and Joan Thomson and Audrey Maretzki} } @article {7469, title = {Life-skill development found in 4-H animal judging}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {43}, year = {2005}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2005april/rb5.php}, author = {Scott A. Nash and Laura L. Sant} } @mastersthesis {9704, title = {Montana state 4-H volunteer leader college: Does it make a difference?}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2005}, school = {Montana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ricarda Marie Bradbury} } @proceedings {6847, title = {Parents{\textquoteright} perceptions of family involvement and youth outcomes at an urban 4-h education center}, year = {2005}, note = {abstract}, pages = {49}, author = {Theresa M. Ferrari and C. Smathers and T. Furtis and Janel Kathleen Digby and others} } @proceedings {6870, title = {Participation in 4-H projects and activities contribute to leadership and personal development}, year = {2005}, note = {abstract}, pages = {64}, author = {Rama B. Radhakrishna and Megan E. Sinasky} } @mastersthesis {9705, title = {Perceptions of the influence of the Virginia Governor{\textquoteright}s School for Agriculture on VGSA alumni}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2005}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The average Virginia Governor\&$\#$39;s School for Agriculture was not a member of FFA or 4-H.

}, author = {John G. Cannon} } @inbook {6801, title = {The phenomena of winning in the South Plains 4-H livestock show program: A qualitative study}, booktitle = {Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2005}, pages = {77-80}, author = {T. Lance Keith} } @mastersthesis {9713, title = {Positive development among children of incarcerated parents: A focus on character}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2005}, school = {Tufts University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

A sub-sample of participants (n=54) was derived from the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development. Two major conclusions could be drawn from the results: (1) When key theoretical and/or empirical variables were controlled, parental incarceration was not related to increased problem behaviors or lower scores in regard to character, (2) there was significantly more variance within the group of children with incarcerated parents than within the comparison group in regard to character.

}, author = {Sophie Naudeau} } @article {7437, title = {Positive youth development, participation in community youth development programs, and community contributions of fifth grade adolescents: Findings from the first wave...}, journal = {The Journal of Early Adolescence}, volume = {25}, year = {2005}, pages = {10-16}, abstract = {

A longitudinal investigation of a diverse sample of 1, 700 fifth graders and 1, 117 of their parents. Using Wave 1 of the study, structural equation modeling procedures provided evidence for five first order latent factors representing the \"Five Cs\" of positive youth development (PYD) (competence, confidence, connection, character and caring) and for their convergence on a second-order PYD latent construct. (See other studies in this database that utilize data from this study.)

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431604273211}, author = {Richard M. Lerner and Jason B. Almerigi and Christina Theokas and Jacqueline V. Lerner} } @mastersthesis {9712, title = {Power in the land: Home Demonstration in Florida, 1915-1960}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2005}, school = {University of Florida}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Home demonstration, created by legislative act in 1914, functioned as one division of a three-pronged extension apparatus that also included farm demonstration and 4-H. Home demonstration involved a wide range of programs for both women and girls, but participation in any program or event was voluntary; information about new ideas, successful techniques and agent reliability spread largely by word of mouth.

}, author = {Kelly Anne Minor} } @mastersthesis {9718, title = {Predicting preservice agriculture teachers{\textquoteright} intentions to teach utilizing person inputs, contextual influences, teacher efficacy, and outcome expectations}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2005}, school = {University of Florida}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Perceptions of teacher efficacy and teaching expectations were significant predictors of intentions to teach agricultural, accounting for 44\% of the variance. Gender, years in agricultural education and teaching expectations were significant predictors of intended length of teaching tenure. Most participants had been actively involved in 4-H FFA and enrolled in agricultural education.

}, url = {https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0010003/00001/citation}, author = {Steven John Rocca} } @mastersthesis {9724, title = {Promoting positive development in adolescence: Measuring and modeling observed ecological assets}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2005}, school = {Tufts University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Researcher developed a model for positive youth development which was tested with a subsample of participants (n=646) in the national 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development. Findings: three contexts contributed to the prediction of positive youth development characteristics, dimensions of each setting had the greatest impact on various developmental outcomes, the family setting accounted for the largest portion of variance in each outcome variable.

}, author = {Christina Theokas} } @booklet {6978, title = {Public school students out of school time study: Measuring the impact of Colorado{\textquoteright}s 4-H youth development program}, year = {2005}, author = {J. Goodwin and J. Carroll and M. Oliver} } @mastersthesis {9708, title = {Reflecting on the practice stories of educators working in the arts: Lessons for community youth development}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2005}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Helene Gregoire} } @mastersthesis {9716, title = {The relationship between participation in community-service-learning projects and personal and life skills development in Louisiana high school 4-H learning activities}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2005}, note = {

Available Online

}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study is to compare self-reported perceptions of personal and leadership life skills development of Louisiana high school 4-H leadership activity participants by club participation and/or the Character Counts! peer teaching program. A survey, Leadership Development Inventory (Carter, 1989) was mailed to 321 high school students with 165 returned. Results showed no difference existed in the perceived personal and leadership life skill development among the groups. Membership in 4-H JLC explained a small among of the variance after personal and demographic variables were controlled.

}, author = {Connie S. Phelps} } @article {7430, title = {Risk factors affecting high school drop out rates and 4-H teen program planning}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {43}, year = {2005}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2005august/rb6.php}, author = {Alexa Lamm and Amy Harder and Dennis Lamm and Herb Rose III and Glen Rask} } @inbook {6799, title = {The self-perceived impact of participation in the Texas 4-H council by former council members}, booktitle = {Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2005}, pages = {21-24}, author = {L. Karr-Lilienthal and T. Lance Keith and others} } @proceedings {6856, title = {Tennessee 4-H summer camping: Setting for positive youth Development as perceived by youth campers.}, year = {2005}, note = {abstract}, pages = {63}, author = {Jill T. Martz} } @article {9997, title = {Training Methods and Needs Related to Volunteer Management Competencies of Extension 4-H Youth Development Agents}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {43}, year = {2005}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2005december/rb3.php}, author = {Seevers, Brenda S. and Baca, Jacqueline S. and Van Leeuwen, Dawn} } @article {7279, title = {Transfer of trainings by state 4-H council members, what the researchers learned \& implications for the future}, journal = {Journal of Leadership Education}, volume = {4}, year = {2005}, month = {June 2005}, author = {Jacklyn Antoinette Bruce and B. Boyd and Kim E. Dooley} } @proceedings {6861, title = {Trends in camping research: Implications for 4-H camp programming}, year = {2005}, note = {abstract}, pages = {63}, author = {Niki Nestor McNeely and Barry A. Garst and Jill T. Martz and Janet Nagele} } @inbook {6783, title = {Trends in market steer, lamb, swine, and meat goat projects based on county participation: A qualitative and quantitative study.}, booktitle = {Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2005}, pages = {53-61}, author = {Christopher Thomas Boleman and Jeff Wayne Howard and others} } @proceedings {6844, title = {The unique contributions of the camp staff experience}, year = {2005}, note = {abstract}, pages = {73}, author = {Bari S. Dworken} } @proceedings {6842, title = {Using an analysis of 4-H record books to evaluate what 4-H club members learn}, year = {2005}, note = {abstract}, pages = {73}, author = {Keith George Diem} } @mastersthesis {9726, title = {Utah public school students{\textquoteright} out-of-school time study to measure the impact of the Utah 4-H program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2005}, school = {Utah State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study measured the impact of the Utah 4-H program on positive youth development. Perceptions of 2, 067 Utah students were obtained. There was a correlation between out-of-school activity and positive youth development, including: engagement in at-risk behaviors (?), positive identity, social competency, leadership and service, relationship with adults, skills learned and school performance.

}, author = {Tina M. Tubbs} } @inbook {6788, title = {Validation of the perceived benefits of competitive livestock exhibition by the Texas 4-H members}, booktitle = {Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2005}, pages = {63-66}, author = {C. Davis and T. Lance Keith and others} } @inbook {6802, title = {The value of 4-H competitive activities as perceived by the parents of 4-H members}, booktitle = {Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2005}, pages = {35-43}, author = {T. Lance Keith and Paul Vaughn} } @mastersthesis {9720, title = {Volunteer perceptions of the leadership practices of Penn State University Cooperative Extension educators with an appointment in 4-H and youth development}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2005}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Megan E. Sinasky} } @proceedings {6840, title = {VRKC Model: Identifying the core competencies volunteers need to have to deliver 4-H programs}, year = {2005}, pages = {22}, abstract = {Study found that volunteers were slightly older (5 to 6 years) than those in studies conducted between 1950 and 1996. Volunteers in the North Central and Western Regions were most similar, as compared with those in the Northeast and South. Significant differences were found in the prioritization of competencies between specialists, agents and volunteers.}, author = {Kenneth Culp III and Renee Krieg McKee and Patrick Nestor} } @article {7564, title = {Why should 4-H horse and pony youth wear certified equestrian helmets?}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {42}, year = {2005}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2004december/tt4.php}, author = {Katherine McKee and Colleen Brady} } @article {7548, title = {Wonderwise 4-H: Following in the footsteps of women scientists}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {43}, year = {2005}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2005august/a3.php}, author = {Amy N. Spiegel and S. Kay Rockwell and Deanna Acklie and Saundra Wever Frerichs and Kathleen French and Judy Diamond} } @mastersthesis {9682, title = {4-H and school based outdoor education partnership: Assessing problem solving and team work skills}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2004}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kelly A. Krambeck} } @booklet {6980, title = {4-H animal science program evaluation: What is the value of the Wisconsin 4-H animal science projects?}, year = {2004}, author = {A. Grenawalt and T. Halbach and M. Miller and others} } @article {7535, title = {4-H site based youth development programs: Reaching underserved youth in targeted communities}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {42}, year = {2004}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2004february/iw4.php}, author = {Jennifer A. Skuza} } @mastersthesis {9690, title = {Adapting a programming model for Cooperative Extension Service programs delivered via distance education}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {2004}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Kenneth Neil McCaskill} } @inbook {6809, title = {Analysis of minority participation in Texas{\textquoteright} east region 4-H and youth development program in relationship to leadership, marketing and educational opportunities}, booktitle = {2004 Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2004}, pages = {1-14}, author = {M. Williams} } @mastersthesis {9703, title = {Analysis of minority participation in Texas{\textquoteright} east region and youth development program in relationship to leadership, marketing, and educational opportunities}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2004}, school = {Texas Tech University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Montza Williams} } @mastersthesis {9683, title = {An assessment of the Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service Internship Program}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {2004}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Lesley Renee Lehenbauer-Meier} } @mastersthesis {9696, title = {Attitudes of extension agents and program assistants in West Virginia towards involvement of special needs populations in 4-H programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2004}, note = {

Available Online

}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Christina L. Reed} } @mastersthesis {9688, title = {Benefits and challenges of service-learning in Tennessee 4-H youth development: A Delphi study}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2004}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lori Jean Mantooth} } @conference {7866, title = {Beyond "Success Stories" and "Life Skills": Developing new ways to evaluate youth development programs}, booktitle = {AEA Evaluation, Fundamental Issues}, year = {2004}, month = {November 1-3 and 7, 2004}, address = {Atlanta, Georgia}, author = {Mary E. Arnold} } @mastersthesis {9679, title = {Bringing interpretation home: Interpretative design for Panhandle Lake 4-H Camp.}, volume = {Senior project}, year = {2004}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Tracie Hanson} } @mastersthesis {9699, title = {A comparison of leadership life skills development of youth participating in riding and non-riding competitive 4-H horse events in Mississippi}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2004}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Sandra Sellers Slocum} } @mastersthesis {9698, title = {Developing a leadership guide for Idaho 4-H club members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2004}, school = {University of Idaho}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Stephanie Shank} } @mastersthesis {9675, title = {Development of a food safety education program on CD/ROM fro 4th, 5th and 6th grade children}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2004}, school = {Kansas State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

A needs assessment survey was administered to children, 9 to 12 years of age, who were members of a 4-H, Boys and Girls Club, or after school program. The program was developed and\  modifications were made. The reviewers and target audience indicated that the CD format was acceptable for presenting food safety education. Recommendations included increasing the amount of animation, video clips, questions, and translation into Spanish. Further study via pre/post test design was also recommended.

}, author = {Toni Jo Bryant} } @article {7316, title = {Engaging county educators in science education reform: The New York 4-H environmental inquiry program}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {42}, year = {2004}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2004april/rb4.php}, author = {Timothy DePriest and Marianne Krasny} } @article {7517, title = {Establishing a 4-H research base of graduate studies}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {42}, year = {2004}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2004october/a7.php}, author = {Jan F. Scholl and Catherine Munyua} } @mastersthesis {9680, title = {Exploration of parental, youth sports coach, and 4-H club advisor pressure and support of youth involvement in school sports and 4-H}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2004}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Greg Homan} } @mastersthesis {9677, title = {An exploratory study of the perceptions on North Carolina 4-H Cooperative Extension 4-H cooperative extension agents toward minority youth participation in agricultural related activities}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2004}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This study analyzed the perceptions of North Carolina 4-H Extension personnel regarding minority youth participation in agricultural-related activities. It was determined that 4-H agricultural programs were not fully meeting the needs of a growing diverse population. There is a strong need to improve agricultural program participation, to increase recruitment and retention strategies for minority youth.

}, author = {Cormanica Amie Lavon Crutchfield and Amie Lavon} } @mastersthesis {9678, title = {Fostering wonder and curiosity: Immersion field trips in the Michigan 4-H children{\textquoteright}s garden}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2004}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Elizabeth Ann Driscoll} } @article {7378, title = {Gathering wisdom from 4-H youth development clubs}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {42}, year = {2004}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2004june/a5.php}, author = {Helene Gregoire} } @article {7243, title = {Getting down to business: Defining competencies for entry-level youth workers}, journal = {New Directions for Youth Development}, year = {2004}, month = {Winter 2004}, pages = {25-37}, author = {Kirk Astroth and P. Garza and B. Taylor} } @article {7388, title = {Identifying what 4-H{\textquoteright}ers learn from community service learning projects}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {42}, year = {2004}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2004february/rb4.php}, author = {Jewel E. Hairston} } @article {7647, title = {Impact of the 4-H camp counseling experience}, year = {2004}, month = {May 2004}, pages = {29 pp. includes appendices}, institution = {Department of Youth Development, University of Wisconsin}, address = {Madison WI}, author = {Katy Forsythe and Robert Matysik and Karen Nelson} } @mastersthesis {9702, title = {Implementation Guide for 4-H curriculum: Computer Mysteries}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2004}, school = {University of Idaho}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Grace Whitman} } @mastersthesis {9697, title = {The importance of 4-H and FFA in the College of Agriculture}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {2004}, school = {California Polytechnic State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Joshua Rodrigues} } @booklet {7125, title = {An initial assessment of an interactive web-based extension curriculum to engage and prepare teens as volunteer teachers}, year = {2004}, author = {R. Dale Safrit and Edwards Dale and C. Harriett and R. Warren Flood} } @article {7308, title = {Kentucky 4-H agents{\textquoteright} perception of their levels of competency and frequency of use of volunteer administration function}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {45}, year = {2004}, pages = {1-13}, doi = {10.5032/jae.2004.02001}, author = {Kenneth Culp III and Bradley Scott Kohlhagen} } @article {7281, title = {Leadership life skills demonstrated by state 4-H council members}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {42}, year = {2004}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2004october/a6.php}, author = {Jacklyn Antoinette Bruce and Barry Lynn Boyd and Kim E. Dooley} } @mastersthesis {9700, title = {Leadership, volunteer administration and 4-H leadership styles and volunteer administration competence of 4-H state volunteer specialists and county faculty}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2004}, note = {

Available Online

}, school = {University of Florida}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Nicole LaMeé Perez Stedman} } @mastersthesis {9687, title = {Lessons learned from secondary students developing an online 4-H project: An action research study}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2004}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Margaret L. Sage Mach} } @book {6827, title = {Making the best better: 1600 4-H graduate studies}, year = {2004}, publisher = {Wert Publishing}, organization = {Wert Publishing}, address = {University Park, PA}, author = {Jan F. Scholl} } @mastersthesis {9692, title = {Measure of community improvement among Hays County, Texas, 4-H members compared to non-members}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {2004}, note = {

Also published in the 2004 Texas Research Review, 29-43.

}, school = {Texas State University, San Marcos}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Richard E. Parrish} } @mastersthesis {9681, title = {The motivation and retention rates of 4-H volunteers in St. Croix, United States Virgin Islands}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2004}, school = {University of the Virgin Islands}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jacqueline Kowalski} } @booklet {7137, title = {Nevada 4-H statewide impact assessment}, year = {2004}, author = {Loretta Singletary and Marilyn G. Smith} } @article {7767, title = {New foundations for the 4-H youth development profession: 4-H professional research, knowledge, and competencies study}, year = {2004}, note = {

Conducted in cooperation with the National 4-H Professional Development Task Force

}, pages = {29 pp.}, institution = {National 4-H Headquarters, Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service, USDA}, author = {Barbara Stone and Roger Alan Rennekamp} } @mastersthesis {9691, title = {The Ohio 4-H camp counseling experience: Relationship of participation to personal, interpersonal, and negative experiences}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2004}, note = {

Available Online

Also published in the Journal of Extension, 45(2), April 2007:

Ferrari, T., \& McNeely, N. (2007, April). Positive youth development: What\&$\#$39;s camp counseling got to do with it. Findings from a study of Ohio 4-H camp counselors. Journal of Extension, Article 2RIB7.

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, url = { http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1095800892}, author = {Nicolette Nestor McNeely} } @conference {7901, title = {Parents and kids agree about everything! Oh really!}, booktitle = {AEA Evaluation, Fundamental Issues}, year = {2004}, month = {November 1-3 and 7, 2004}, address = {Atlanta, Georgia}, author = {June P. Mead} } @article {7338, title = {Parents{\textquoteright} perceptions of life skills development in the 4-H Cloverbud program}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {42}, year = {2004}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2004june/rb6.php}, author = {Theresa M. Ferrari and Carrie Ann Hogue and Scott D. Scheer} } @article {7267, title = {Parent{\textquoteright}s perceptions of life skills gained by youth participating in the 4-H beef program}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {42}, year = {2004}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2004october/rb6.php}, author = {Chris T. Boleman and Scott R. Cumming and Gary E. Briers} } @mastersthesis {9694, title = {Participants and life skill development of the Tennessee junior livestock skillathon programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2004}, note = {

Available Online

}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Amy Margaret Powell} } @mastersthesis {9676, title = {Perceptions of empowerment among youth and youth leaders in 4-H club settings}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {2004}, school = {University of Northern Colorado}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Kyle Busing} } @mastersthesis {9695, title = {Plant Scanner: A handheld PDA using RFID tags for child visitors to the Michigan 4-H Children{\textquoteright}s Garden}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2004}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Aparna Rajan Ramchandran} } @mastersthesis {9701, title = {Positive youth-development outcomes among Florida 4-H members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2004}, note = {

Available Online

}, school = {Florida State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sarah Zettie Thomas} } @mastersthesis {9684, title = {Service-learning and leadership life skills an experimental study}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {2004}, note = {

Available Online

}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Barbara Darlene Henderson Locke} } @mastersthesis {9686, title = {A study of life skill development of Oklahoma 4-H alumni during the years of 4-H participation 1969-1998}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {2004}, school = {University of Florida}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0003321/00001}, author = {Sarah E. Maass} } @mastersthesis {9685, title = {Study of the effects of the Florida 4-H residential camping program on participants{\textquoteright} level of environmental sensitivity}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2004}, school = {University of Florida}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study examined how repeat participation in the Florida 4-H Residential Camping Program affects the level of environmental sensitivity of its participants; 125 participants between the ages of 12 and 18 were included in the study. Modified versions of the Survey of Environmentally Concerned Students and Ecological Foundations of the Middle School Environmental Literacy Instrument were used for the assessments. The results of the study have implications for residential camps, program planners, and environmental educators.

}, author = {Amy Elizabeth Lohrer} } @mastersthesis {9693, title = {A study of the perceptions of 4-H Extension Educators and 4-H volunteers regarding Pennsylvania 4-H plant science projects}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2004}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lisa M. Pawlowski} } @article {7545, title = {Targeted recruitment of 4-H volunteers involves understanding of who currently volunteer and why}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {42}, year = {2004}, pages = {8}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2004august/a6.php}, author = {Sandford S. Smith and James C. Finley} } @mastersthesis {9689, title = {Tennessee 4-H Center summer residential camping programs: Settings for positive youth development as perceived by youth campers}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {2004}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Thesis}, abstract = {

Little empirical research exists to document that camp experiences enhance children\&$\#$39;s development. The study population included fourth through six grade youth attending Tennessee 4-H camps in the summer of 2004. Campers gave high ratings to four aspects of the camping experience and agree that it enhances life skills learned.

}, author = {Jill T. Martz} } @article {7472, title = {The Union County 4-H summer science program: An effective method for increasing low-income youth{\textquoteright}s interest in science}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {42}, year = {2004}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2004june/iw4.php}, author = {James Nichnadowicz} } @article {7467, title = {Use of a randomized, categorized exam to determine horse knowledge of 4-H horse show participants}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {42}, year = {2004}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2004june/rb5.php}, author = {Jenifer Nadeau and Emily McCabe Alger and Tom Hoagland and Kelly Chameroy} } @article {7381, title = {Youth perspectives on food safety}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {42}, year = {2004}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2004february/rb5.php}, author = {Lisa A. Guion and Amy H. Simonne and Janice Easton} } @proceedings {6867, title = {4-H enrollment trends in Pennsylvania: Implication for Extension research and programming}, year = {2003}, author = {Rama B. Radhakrishna and F. Leite and P. Hoy} } @mastersthesis {9673, title = {4-H manual for beginning horse project}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {2003}, school = {California Polytechnic State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Margot J. Turner} } @mastersthesis {9671, title = {4-H national impact assessment: Where do we go from here?}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2003}, school = {Central Missouri State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Michelle Lyn Taylor} } @article {7464, title = {4-H volunteers and the Internet: A partnership for the future}, journal = {Journal of Volunteer Administration}, volume = {21}, year = {2003}, pages = {31-36}, abstract = {

Survey responses from 513 4-H volunteers found that 70.6\% have Internet access; 52\% use it at least weekly; 65\% were willing to communicate with 4-H via e-mail; and only 12\% were not likely to access 4-H materials on the Web.

}, author = {Claudia C. Mincemoyer} } @article {7304, title = {Assessing environmental literacy in a nonformal youth program}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Education}, volume = {34}, year = {2003}, pages = {26-28}, abstract = {This study collected data on environmental literacy and was used among Florida 4-H youth participating in nonformal environmental education activities as part of their 4-H experience. Using "The Middle School Environmental Literacy Instrument" 4-H participants were tested on several variables, which appear to be important precursors to responsible environmental behavior.}, author = {Gerald Culen and Preethi Mony} } @mastersthesis {9672, title = {Biographical, work, family and social support variables related to burnout in county extension agents in Georgia}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2003}, note = {

Available Online

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Leanna A. Thomas} } @mastersthesis {9648, title = {Building a successful media campaign: Attracting minorities to Louisiana 4-H}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2003}, school = {Louisiana Tech University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ava Denise Coolman} } @article {7418, title = {Building life skills through afterschool participation in experiential and cooperative learning}, journal = {Child Study Journal}, volume = {33}, year = {2003}, pages = {165-174}, abstract = {The study examines the develoment of life skills within a sample of kindergarten through sixth grade students enrolled in 4-H afterschool programs. Results show that children show life skill gain over time and that gains on specific life skills differe as a function of age, gender and ethnicity.}, author = {Sharon Junge and Sue Manglallan and J. Raskauskas} } @mastersthesis {9664, title = {Community leadership development: An outcome evaluation of Indiana{\textquoteright}s leadership 20/20 program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2003}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kendra Redmon} } @article {7550, title = {Community service versus service-learning: Which is best for 4-H?}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {41}, year = {2003}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2003december/a1.php}, author = {Jill Stafford and Barry Boyd and James R. Linder} } @mastersthesis {9641, title = {Community-based science education for fourth to six graders: Influences of a female role model}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2003}, month = {08/2003}, pages = {190}, school = {University of Nebraska, Lincoln}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study contributes to our understanding of a group of 4H youth who used the Wonderwise curriculum. It describes their view on science, their perspective about people who do science, the importance of role models within their lives, and their career visions.

}, url = {https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/dissertations/AAI3104602/}, author = {Deanna Acklie} } @mastersthesis {9652, title = {Competition, leadership and other factors as predictors of satisfaction with and participation in 4-H}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2003}, school = {New Mexico State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53208732}, author = {Frank E. Hodnett} } @article {7516, title = {Curriculum development: Comparing traditional and on-line practices}, journal = {Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences}, volume = {94}, year = {2003}, pages = {87-93}, author = {Jan F. Scholl} } @conference {7898, title = {Description of Utah 4-H club members{\textquoteright} perceived level of critical elements in the 4-H experience}, booktitle = {Western Region Teaching Symposium}, year = {2003}, author = {C. Lee and R. Beard and G. Staquadine} } @mastersthesis {9656, title = {Description of Utah 4-H club members{\textquoteright} perceived level of critical elements in the 4-H club experience}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2003}, school = {Utah State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Clara Dawn Lee} } @mastersthesis {9667, title = {Developing critical multicultural practice: An action approach}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2003}, school = {University of Minnesota}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Leon Andre Rodrigues} } @mastersthesis {9668, title = {Does having FFA and/or 4-H experience in high school have any effect on college retention?}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {2003}, school = {California Polytechnic State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Jamie Lee Ruggerio} } @mastersthesis {9661, title = {Effects of 4-H interstate exchange program participation}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2003}, school = {Texas State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {San Marcos, TX}, author = {Laura J. Petty} } @inbook {6805, title = {Effects of 4-H interstate exchange program participation}, booktitle = {Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2003}, pages = {1-13}, author = {L. J. Petty and J. Beck} } @article {7551, title = {The effects of service learning on leadership life skills of 4-H members}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {44}, year = {2003}, pages = {10-21}, abstract = {A randomized post-test only control group experimental design, utilizing a control group and two treatment groups was conducted to determine the effects of service learning on the development of leadership life skills in youth. Findings showed that participants who engaged in immediate reflection following the service activity had a significantly higher level of developmnet in the areas of contributor to community and personal leadership. No significant differences were found on the remaining effective team skills, being a self-directed learner or in creative problem solving subscales.}, author = {Jill Renee Stafford and Barry Boyd and James R. Lindner} } @booklet {6948, title = {Examining positive youth development through 4-H clubs and after-school programs}, year = {2003}, author = {P. Estabrooks and others} } @mastersthesis {9665, title = {Exploring the process of civic engagement: A phenomenological case study}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {2003}, note = {

Available Online

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Deborah Lynn Reno} } @mastersthesis {9663, title = {Factors that lead to job satisfaction and dissatisfaction of County Extension agents in Georgia}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {2003}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Lori Purcell} } @mastersthesis {9662, title = {Human resource management applied research reports: Butler County 4-H, Class 165}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {2003}, note = {

Paper

}, school = {Geneva College, Beaver Falls, PA}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Ralph Phillips} } @article {7364, title = {Identifying 4-H camping outcomes using a standardized evaluation process across multiple 4-H educational centers}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {41}, year = {2003}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2003june/rb2.php}, author = {Barry A. Garst and F. A. Bruce} } @article {7501, title = {The impact of raising and exhibiting selected 4-H livestock projects on the development of life and project skills}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {44}, year = {2003}, pages = {1-11}, abstract = {

Responses from 176 of 420 4-H members involved in livestock projects showed they wre able to accomplish skills in sportsmanship, safety, and animal grooming and selection, but were less confident about animal health care. the sense of responsibility acquired from these projects was applied to homework, punctuality and care for younger siblings.

}, doi = {10.5032/jae.2003.03001}, author = {Clinton P. Rusk and Jill M. Summerlot-Early and Krisanna L. Machtmes and B. Allen Talbert and Mark A. Balschweid} } @mastersthesis {9654, title = {Impact of Texas 4-H shooting sports on youth and the state}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2003}, note = {

Available Online

}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sarah Lynne Jenke} } @mastersthesis {9642, title = {The impact of the 4-H meat quality assurance program on the knowledge, practice and perceptions of senior 4-H members in Colorado}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2003}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Heather Leavens August} } @mastersthesis {9651, title = {Jackson{\textquoteright}s Mill State 4-H Camp: The summer camp as a cultural heritage site}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2003}, school = {Columbia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Courtney Purgitt Fint} } @article {7593, title = {Leadership practices of West Virginia University Extension agents working with the 4-H youth development program}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {41}, year = {2003}, abstract = {

The Leadership Practices Inventory and Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire were completed by 27 of 41 4-H and Youth Development extension agents. Respondents\&$\#$39; use of both transactional and transformational leadership practices was average, with nearly equal usage of both leadership approaches. Development of transformational leadership qualities was recommended.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2003june/rb3.php}, author = {William John Woodrum and R. Dale Safrit} } @article {7345, title = {Life skill development through 4-H clubs: The perspective of 4-H alumni}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {41}, year = {2003}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2003december/rb2.php}, author = {Janet Fox and Debra Schroeder and Kathleen Lodl} } @book {6826, title = {Making the best better: 4-H graduate research 1911-2002}, year = {2003}, publisher = {Penn State Univeristy}, organization = {Penn State Univeristy}, address = {University Park, PA}, author = {Jan F. Scholl} } @mastersthesis {9655, title = {Modeling childhood agricultural injury risk with composite measurement scales}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2003}, note = {

Available Online

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Kathleen Marie Koechlin} } @mastersthesis {9669, title = {Nebraska youths discuss 4-H: An exploratory audience-based communication study}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2003}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Patrice Kathleen Spencer} } @mastersthesis {9650, title = {North Carolina 4-H youth development agents{\textquoteright} perceptions of organizational effectiveness in the utilization of volunteers, particularly episodic volunteers}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {2003}, note = {

Available Online

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Harriett Coleman Edwards} } @mastersthesis {9659, title = {Past lives remembered: Historic Archaeology at the Iowa 4-H Center: Research on Archaeological sites 13BN343 (The Martelli Site) and 13BN392 (Rabid Coon)}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2003}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Adam Joshua Meseke} } @mastersthesis {9653, title = {The quality of the 1998 skillathon and premier exhibitor program as perceived by participants, facilitators, 4-H agents and FFA advisors}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2003}, note = {

Available Online

}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mary Kathryn Ingram} } @mastersthesis {9660, title = {The relationship between out-of-school activities and positive youth development: An investigation of the influences of families and communities}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2003}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kathleen M. Morrissey} } @mastersthesis {9666, title = {The relationship between participation in 4-H and community leadership in rural Colorado}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2003}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Aileen Claire Rickert} } @mastersthesis {9643, title = {The relationship between the involvement of Idaho youth in 4-H and their developmental success}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2003}, school = {University of Idaho}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Cynthia Carolyn Barnett} } @booklet {7055, title = {Research findings show the impact of 4-H}, year = {2003}, author = {Montana 4-H Research Summary} } @inbook {6811, title = {Self-perceptions of leadership skills of 4-H volunteers attending the 2000 Southern region 4-H volunteer leader forum}, booktitle = {Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2003}, pages = {60-65}, author = {Glen Edward Wolfenbarger [Jr.] and Martha Elaine Couch} } @article {7320, title = {Shifting the focus of 4-H record-keeping from competition and subject matter to youth development and life skills}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {41}, year = {2003}, note = {

Ideas at Work 6IAW1

}, month = {December 2003}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2003december/iw1.php}, author = {Keith George Diem and Annette Devitt} } @mastersthesis {9649, title = {The significance of asset development in youth programs}, volume = {B.A.}, year = {2003}, school = {California Polytechnic State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Laura L. Davis} } @mastersthesis {9646, title = {A study of the relationship between participation in agricultural youth organizations and communications skill abilities}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2003}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Karen J. Cannon} } @mastersthesis {9644, title = {A study to determine the additional income generated to the Texas agricultural sector by four Texas 4-H livestock projects and an assessment of life skills gained from youth exhibiting these projects}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2003}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Christopher Thomas Boleman} } @mastersthesis {9674, title = {Support and awareness of Delaware Cooperative Extension}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2003}, school = {University of Delaware}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Laurie Greene Wolinski} } @inbook {6807, title = {A survey of youth leadership organizations in Hidalgo County, Youth leadership survey results}, booktitle = {Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2003}, pages = {38-51}, author = {D. Rankin} } @mastersthesis {9670, title = {Teaching the importance of poultry management to 4-H youth}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {2003}, school = {California Polytechnic State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Catherine G. Steck} } @mastersthesis {9645, title = {The transfer of training and skills by Texas State 4-H Council members: A qualitative study}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2003}, note = {

Available Online

}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Jacklyn Antoinette Bruce} } @mastersthesis {9647, title = {Understanding perception change in youth development volunteers}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2003}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Julie A. Chapin} } @article {7350, title = {Urban and rural 4-H adult volunteer leaders{\textquoteright} preferred forms of recognition and motivation}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {41}, year = {2003}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2003june/rb1.php}, author = {Susan Fritz and Deanna Karmaxin and John Barbuto Jr. and Shawn Burrow} } @article {7239, title = {Using multi-site methodology to evaluate 4-H youth leadership retreats}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {41}, year = {2003}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2003december/rb1.php}, author = {Mary E. Arnold} } @article {7507, title = {Volunteerism, community service and service-learning by Ohio 4-H{\textquoteright}ers in grades 4-12}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {41}, year = {2003}, abstract = {

Random samples of Ohio 4-H community club members ages 10-14 (n=504, 25\% response) and ages 15-19 (n=504, 27\% response) were surveyed. Nearly 100\% in both groups are involved in community service. Respondents spent equal amonts of time volunteering through school, out of school on their own or through 4-H youth development experiences.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2003august/rb6.php}, author = {R. Dale Safrit and Allen W. Auck} } @article {7586, title = {Why they come, why they go, and why they stay: Factors affecting volunteerism in 4-H programs}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {41}, year = {2003}, pages = {9}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2003august/rb5.php}, author = {David J. White and Mary E. Arnold} } @mastersthesis {9657, title = {Work, life and effect of job on family satisfaction of Texas Extension Agents}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2003}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Toby Lee Lepley} } @mastersthesis {9658, title = {Youth Leadership Development: What Adults Working With Youth Need to Know}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {2003}, note = {

Master of Education Degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {https://catalog.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/34147595}, author = {Marianne Lorensen} } @mastersthesis {9638, title = {4-H and the positive development of young people}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2002}, school = {Kansas State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jennifer R. Wilson} } @article {7578, title = {4-H animal care as therapy for at-risk youth}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {40}, year = {2002}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2002october/iw6.php}, author = {Randy R. Weigel and Brenda Caiola and Lise Pittman-Foy} } @mastersthesis {9616, title = {4-H participation among ethnic groups in the Southeast District as perceived by 4-H educators}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2002}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Andrea Rochelle Bryant} } @article {7557, title = {4-H programs with a focus on including youth with disabilities}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {40}, year = {2002}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2002april/a4.php}, author = {Mitzi Stumpf and Karla Ann Henderson and Karen Luken and Deb Bialeschki and Mary Casey II} } @proceedings {6850, title = {4-H youth development extension agent{\textquoteright}s attitudes toward volunteer management competencies.}, year = {2002}, author = {J. Hange and Brenda S. Seevers and D. Van Leeuwen} } @mastersthesis {9621, title = {4-H youth development extension agents{\textquoteright} attitudes towards volunteer management competencies}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2002}, school = {New Mexico State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jacqueline S. Hange} } @mastersthesis {9636, title = {Adolescents{\textquoteright} perceptions of motivation, participation and commitment at Adventure Central, a 4-H after school program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2002}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Cassie LuAnn Turner} } @article {7572, title = {Adult volunteer development: Addressing the effectiveness of training new 4-H leaders}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {40}, year = {2002}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2002december/a4.php}, author = {Robin Van Winkle and Susan Busler and Sally R. Bowman and Margaret Manoogian} } @mastersthesis {9624, title = {The art club, 4-H and Jesus Christ: How the case of good news v. Milford Central School District returned equality and neutrality toward religion to America{\textquoteright}s understanding of religious freedom}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2002}, school = {Georgetown University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jennifer Souder Iverson} } @mastersthesis {9628, title = {Assessing environmental literacy in Florida{\textquoteright}s 4-H environmental education program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2002}, school = {University of Florida}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE1001169/00001}, author = {Preethi R. S. Mony} } @mastersthesis {9631, title = {An assessment of agricultural knowledge of kindergarten through sixth grade teachers}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2002}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Matthew Trent Portillo} } @mastersthesis {9614, title = {An assessment of school and community 4-H club programs as perceived by extension educators with 4-H responsibility in the northeast extension district}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2002}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Travis J. Battles} } @mastersthesis {9622, title = {Communication preferences and job satisfaction levels of North Carolina Cooperative Extension faculty}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {2002}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Lanny Wayne Hass} } @mastersthesis {9635, title = {A comparative study of the Finnish 4-H organization and the Wisconsin 4-H organization}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2002}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Stout}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sarah Staude} } @article {7527, title = {A comparison of traditional and world wide web methodologies, computer anxiety and higher order thinking sills in the in-service training of Mississippi 4-H Extension agents}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {43}, year = {2002}, pages = {25-36}, abstract = {This study compared traditional and world wide web based Extension agent in-service training in Mississippi with respect to higher-order thinking skills and computer anxiety. Researchers found no statistically significant difference in the post-test based on the training methodology, the agents{\textquoteright} level of computer anxiety or the interaction of these two variables. However, the interaction between type of training method (traditional or web-based) and computer anxiety was statistically significant at the .10 level of significance. Researchers concluded that agents in the traditional group scored statistically significantly higher than agents in the web-based group on the application level post-test.}, author = {Julie Steadman Sexton and Matt Raven and Michael E. Newman} } @proceedings {6832, title = {The connection between 4-H and the development of life skills}, year = {2002}, note = {abstract}, pages = {109-110}, author = {Mary Arnold} } @booklet {6900, title = {Creating the Future: The Story of the 4-H{\textquoteright}s national conversation on youth development in the 21st Century}, howpublished = {National 4-H Council}, year = {2002}, author = {T. E. Backer and C. Kunz} } @article {7323, title = {Curtailing tobacco use among youth: Evaluation of Project 4-Health}, journal = {Health Education and Behavior}, volume = {29}, year = {2002}, pages = {656-682}, doi = {10.1177/109019802237937}, author = {Carol N. D{\textquoteright}Onofrio and Joel M. Moskowitz and Marc T. Braverman} } @mastersthesis {9618, title = {Defining competency and reviewing factors that may impact knowledge, perceived importance and use of competencies in the 4-H professionals job}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {2002}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Travis Brevard Burke} } @mastersthesis {9627, title = {Description of Utah 4-H club members{\textquoteright} perceived level of critical elements in the 4-H experience}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2002}, school = {Utah State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carla Dawn Lee} } @mastersthesis {9625, title = {Developing an on-line leader training program for 4-H volunteers: An action research study}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2002}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lisa C. Kaslon} } @article {7341, title = {The effect of competitive and cooperative learning preferences in children{\textquoteright}s self-perceptions: A comparison of 4-H and non-4-H members}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {40}, year = {2002}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2002june/a5.php}, author = {Robert J. Fetsch and Raymond K. Yang} } @mastersthesis {9633, title = {Effectiveness of "4-H Days at Your School" a qualitative study of one-method of 4-H school enrichment}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2002}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mark E. Simmons} } @mastersthesis {9637, title = {The effects of the Jefferson County 4-H camp teen leader training and camp experience on the teen participants{\textquoteright} internal assets of positive values, social competencies and positive identity}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {2002}, school = {University of Louisville}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Madonna Ann Weese} } @proceedings {6873, title = {Eighty years of 4-H research}, year = {2002}, note = {abstract}, pages = {45}, author = {Jan F. Scholl} } @article {7502, title = {Electronic identification of 4-H livestock projects}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {40}, year = {2002}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2002december/rb3.php}, author = {Clinton P. Rusk} } @mastersthesis {9632, title = {Enchanted math in the garden}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2002}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Victoria A. Sawyer} } @proceedings {6846, title = {An evaluation of the presence of 4-H critical elements in adventure central programming}, year = {2002}, note = {abstract}, pages = {49-50}, author = {Theresa M. Ferrari and Jessica Elaine Paisley and Cassie LuAnn Turner and others} } @mastersthesis {9629, title = {An exploration of youths{\textquoteright} relationship with adults at Adventure Central, a 4-H after-school program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2002}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jessica Elaine Paisley} } @mastersthesis {9640, title = {Factors affecting the diffusion of the Texas 4-H online evaluation system}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2002}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the on-line system by collecting various forms of data from Extension agents. Two phases of study were conducted and a problem with data entry and readability of the instrument was found. Quality control issues might be present in the document.

}, author = {Leigha Dyan Wood} } @article {7356, title = {The human challenge of 4-H horse programs}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {40}, year = {2002}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2002october/tt6.php}, author = {Robin Galloway and Thomas J. Gallagher} } @mastersthesis {9615, title = {The importance of 4-H and FFA in the College of Agriculture}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {2002}, school = {California Polytechnic State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Chandra Marie Borrelli} } @article {7247, title = {More than Cows \& Cooking: Newest research shows the impact of 4-H}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {40}, year = {2002}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2002august/a6.php}, author = {Kirk Astroth and George W. Haynes} } @article {7407, title = {The North Carolina dairy youth foundation: A model for developing external funding for youth programs}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {40}, year = {2002}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2002june/tt5.php}, author = {Brinton A. Hopkins} } @mastersthesis {9623, title = {Parents perceptions of the Ohio 4-H clover bud program in relation to life skills development}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2002}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carrie Ann Hogue} } @article {7402, title = {Perceptions held by legislators toward the Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {43}, year = {2002}, pages = {56-66}, author = {Pamela Burgess Hodson and Joe W. Kotrlik} } @mastersthesis {9630, title = {Predicting physical activity of 4-H club participants. An application of the Youth Physical Activity Promotion Model}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2002}, school = {Kansas State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Rabeem J. Paxton} } @mastersthesis {9639, title = {Putting together a 4-H presentation: A parent and leaders guide}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {2002}, note = {

{\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}

}, school = {California Polytechnic State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Scott B. Wonnell} } @mastersthesis {9634, title = {The relationship between learning styles, personality types and leadership development participation among selected Florida 4-H youth}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2002}, school = {University of Florida}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sharon Maylene Spann} } @mastersthesis {9619, title = {A survey of young girls{\textquoteright} fashion attitudes: Fashion interest, store patronage, satisfaction with fit and reference groups}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2002}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Erin Heather Drake} } @article {7503, title = {Teaching youth through 4-H animal science workshops}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {40}, year = {2002}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2002october/iw7.php}, author = {Clinton P. Rusk and Krisanna Machtmes} } @mastersthesis {9626, title = {To belong or not to belong: The differences between youth who stayed enrolled and who dropped out of a youth development program}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2002}, school = {University of Arizona}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Lisa Annette Lauxman} } @article {7540, title = {Training 4-H teen facilitators in inquiry-based science methods: The evaluation of a "step up" incremental model}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {40}, year = {2002}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2002december/a3.php}, author = {Martin H. Smith and Richard P. Enfield} } @booklet {6899, title = {Western 4-H Institute: Preparing the 4-H Professional for Success. Evaluation Report I}, year = {2002}, note = {ERIC Document ED 469 010}, month = {July 2002}, pages = {23 pp.}, abstract = {Evaluation measured training impacts on participants and assessed job satisfaction, career goals, retention, turnover and promotion in extension ranks. Findings indicated that participants were mosly female, married, childless, and young. Most had held teaching jobs before taking an extension job and felt moderately strong about making extension their life-long career. They were more likely to report that training had significantly improved their skills in all 15 core competencies measured.}, author = {Kirk Astroth} } @mastersthesis {9617, title = {Winning life{\textquoteright}s blue ribbons: Gender, recreation and Utah children 1940-1960}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2002}, school = {Utah State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Holly Janelle Buck} } @mastersthesis {9592, title = {4-H patterns on the land initiative: A case study of environmental education volunteers in Michigan}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2001}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Rebecca Jess Lincoln} } @mastersthesis {9601, title = {Adult volunteerism in Pennsylvania 4-H natural resources programs for youth}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2001}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Sandford Sherrick Smith} } @mastersthesis {9606, title = {The affect (effect) of FFA and 4-H on retention}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {2001}, school = {California Polytechnic State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Jared Arlin Strouss} } @booklet {7146, title = {An alcohol and drug education needs assessment survey among 4-H youth in isolated, rural northeast Nevada}, year = {2001}, author = {Marilyn G. Smith and George C. Hill} } @mastersthesis {9589, title = {The attitude of student teachers toward evaluation}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2001}, school = {Kansas State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Marlysue Espring Holmquist} } @mastersthesis {9591, title = {Benefits of mentoring using Zey{\textquoteright}s Mutual Benefits Model for cooperative extension staff in selected states}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2001}, school = {Kansas State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Alan J. Ladd} } @article {7514, title = {Black and white films show Extension{\textquoteright}s early years}, journal = {Forum for Family and Consumer Issues [online]}, year = {2001}, author = {Jan F. Scholl} } @mastersthesis {9584, title = {Conflict management at selected 4-H camps in Nevada}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2001}, school = {University of Nevada, Reno}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jill Baker-Tingey} } @mastersthesis {9594, title = {Curriculum development of a wildlife habitat gardening Golden Ray Series for the junior master gardener program}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {2001}, note = {

Digitized in 2012

}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Michelle S. Meche} } @article {7408, title = {Developing a program evaluation instrument for Texas 4-H: A work in progress}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {39}, year = {2001}, note = {

Ideas at Work 4IAW4

}, month = {August 2001}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2001august/iw4.php}, author = {Jeff Wayne Howard and Christopher Thomas Boleman and A. Alvery and A. B. Burkhum and K. D. Chilek and C. C. Stone and R. A. Howard Jr. and S. R. Cummings and Martha Elaine Couch} } @booklet {7093, title = {Developing positive youth: Prepared \& engaged youth serving American communities: National 4-H impact assessment project}, year = {2001}, author = {W. L. Peterson and Gary Wayne Gerhard and K. Hunter and L. Marek and C. Phillips and A. Titcomb} } @article {7274, title = {Does study abroad make a difference? An impact assessment of the International 4-H youth exchange program}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {39}, year = {2001}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2001october/rb8.php}, author = {Barry G. Boyd and Chistie Giebler and Matthew Hince and Yaru Liu and Neha Mehta and Ryan Rash and Jennifer Rowald and Carlos Saldana and Yvonne Yanta} } @mastersthesis {9604, title = {The effect of service-learning in developing leadership life skills.}, volume = {M.Ag.}, year = {2001}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jill Renee Stafford} } @article {7292, title = {Effectiveness of the Indiana 4-H Tractor Program: Alumni Perceptions}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {42}, year = {2001}, pages = {11-20}, author = {James Carrabba and B. Talbert and W. E. Field and Roger L. Tormoehlen} } @mastersthesis {9598, title = {Evaluation of an assessment-based youth development program designed to provide underprivileged youth with educational and employment resources}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2001}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Tara Lynn Romano} } @mastersthesis {9600, title = {An evaluative study of the Delaware master gardener volunteer program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2001}, school = {University of Delaware}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Laurie S. Smith} } @mastersthesis {9585, title = {An exploratory study of conflict at selected Nevada 4-H camps}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2001}, school = {University of Nevada}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jill Baker-Tingey} } @article {7568, title = {Exploring the world through Geology: Harold E. Jones and 4-H geology in Kansas, 1968-1977}, journal = {Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science}, volume = {104}, year = {2001}, month = {October 2001}, pages = {199-211}, abstract = {Harold Jones undertook the revitalization of the geology project in the 4-H program in Kansas in 1968. He established a three-tier activity program. Between 1968 and 1977, he introduced hundreds of young people to the basic concepts of geology. Though difficult to measure, the insights provided had positive influence as young people have matured and faced issues such as water quality, waste disposal, pollution and contamination, soil erosion, and other environmental and energy problems of a technologically advanced society.}, doi = {10.1660/0022-8443(2001)104[0199:ETWTGH]2.0.CO;2}, author = {James R. Underwood Jr.} } @mastersthesis {9597, title = {Factors that aid in the retention of trained Tennessee shooting sports volunteers}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2001}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Clint Morris Parker} } @mastersthesis {9602, title = {Faculty perceptions of communication effectiveness in the Louisiana Extension Service}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2001}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Sally Maureen Soileau} } @article {7609, title = {Final report of the Montana public school students{\textquoteright} out-of-school time study}, year = {2001}, note = {

ERIC Document ED 456 503. Report No. 01-0301

}, month = {March 1, 2001}, pages = {24 pp.}, url = {https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED456503.pdf}, author = {Kirk Astroth and George W. Haynes} } @inbook {6786, title = {Fisher County 4-H exchange program "benefit or bust?"}, booktitle = {Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2001}, author = {B. Dannheim and J. Hansard and others} } @article {7256, title = {Four-fold: A research model for designing and evaluating the impact of youth development programs}, journal = {[4-H] News and Views}, volume = {54}, year = {2001}, pages = {1, 4-6}, author = {Susan Jane Barkman and K. L. Machtmes} } @mastersthesis {9611, title = {Identifying the level of impact that traditional influential factors have on the decision of state 4-H contest participants to attend Utah State University}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2001}, school = {Utah State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {April Dawn Ward} } @mastersthesis {9590, title = {Impact assessment of the Texas 4-H and youth development program}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2001}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Purpose of this study was to generate defensible data showing the positive effects of Texas 4-H. The population was community club 4-H members in 44 Texas counties during 1998-99. Findings: Texas excels in promoting feelings of self-worth in members, instills the importance of community service, teaches members skills in decision making and planning and contributes to the youth\&$\#$39;s sense of belonging and peer acceptance. Urban and rural children experience similar life skills activities and skills. Girls have a greater appreciation of community activities and feel that 4-H provides a safe haven to try new things. 4-H members 13 years and younger have less recognition of the skills gained through 4-H.

}, author = {Jeff Wayne Howard} } @mastersthesis {9608, title = {The impact of raising 4-H beef, sheep, and swine projects on the development of life and project skills}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2001}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jill Marie Summerlot} } @article {7360, title = {The impact of the outdoor adventure experience on adolescent self-perception}, journal = {Journal of Experiential Education}, volume = {24}, year = {2001}, pages = {41-49}, author = {Barry A. Garst and I. Schneider and Baker, D.} } @article {7249, title = {The influence of learning communities and 4-H/FFA participation on College of Agriculture students{\textquoteright} academic performance and retention}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {42}, year = {2001}, pages = {54-62}, author = {Anna Ball and Bryan Garton and James E. Dyer} } @mastersthesis {9595, title = {The influence of youth assets and participation in school and community organizations on youth leadership life skills development}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2001}, school = {University of Florida}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Emily Michelson} } @mastersthesis {9613, title = {Leadership practices of West Virginia University Extension agents working the 4-H youth development program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2001}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {William John Woodrum} } @mastersthesis {9587, title = {Levels of job stress among 4-H agents within the University of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2001}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sheila R. Borders} } @mastersthesis {9609, title = {Marketing strategies for 4-H in McKean County}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {2001}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Donald E. Tanner} } @mastersthesis {9588, title = {Michigan 4-H youth development agents{\textquoteright} perceptions of the importance of and their competence with selected volunteer management functions}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2001}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Michelle L. Collins} } @article {7314, title = {Ohio 4-H agents{\textquoteright} perceptions of the level of importance and frequency of use of the eighteen components of the gems model of volunteer administration}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {42}, year = {2001}, pages = {32-42}, doi = {10.5032/jae.2001.04032}, author = {Catherine A. Deppe and Kenneth Culp III} } @mastersthesis {9599, title = {Oregon 4-H archery program curriculum}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2001}, school = {Concordia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Debera Tracy Schreiber} } @mastersthesis {9593, title = {Perceived benefits of the 4-H junior high wildlife conference and the differences in attitude and wildlife knowledge between 4-H junior high wildlife conference participants and other 4-H members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2001}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {April Lee Marion} } @mastersthesis {9603, title = {The perceived influence of selected factors on the decision of Louisiana 4-H teens and non-4-H teens to volunteer}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2001}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, doi = {10.31390/gradschool_disstheses.386}, author = {Kenneth Spoto} } @mastersthesis {9605, title = {Perceptions of the Putnam County Explorer and Junior 4-H program by local public school educators}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2001}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Robert L. Strong} } @article {7798, title = {Prepared and engaged youth servicing American communities}, year = {2001}, institution = {USDA, CSREES, Families, 4-H and Nutrition}, address = {Washington, DC}, author = {USDA CSREES [Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service]} } @article {7796, title = {Prepared and engaged youth serving America{\textquoteright}s communities: National 4-H impact assessment Project}, year = {2001}, url = {https://4h.ucanr.edu/files/13698.pdf}, author = {USDA} } @article {7255, title = {Project leaders{\textquoteright} and volunteers{\textquoteright} competencies of Kansas top eight 4-H programs}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {39}, year = {2001}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2001december/rb6.php}, author = {Walter A. Barker and Dan O{\textquoteright}Brien} } @mastersthesis {9586, title = {Selected Ohio 4-H parents{\textquoteright}/guardians{\textquoteright} perceptions of critical thinking, problem solving, communication, and decision making life skills strengthened through their child{\textquoteright}s participation in livestock skillathons}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2001}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Rebecca Ann Barker} } @mastersthesis {9612, title = {Self-perceptions of leadership skills of 4-H volunteers attending the 2000 South Region 4-H Volunteer Leader Forum}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2001}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Glen Edward Wolfenbarger [Jr.]} } @mastersthesis {9596, title = {Unethical practices in exhibiting animals as observed by West Virginia Extension agents and high school agriculture teachers}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2001}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jared N. Nestor} } @mastersthesis {9607, title = {Usefulness and timeliness of information resources used by extension agents}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2001}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jari Sanae Sugano} } @mastersthesis {9610, title = {Youth, family and club experiences and adult civic development}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2001}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Purpose of the study was to ascertain the extent to which youthful participation in various types of organizations and activities are associated with adult involvement and leadership. Data for the analysis was obtained from a mail survey of 48 4-H alumni and 81 of their non-4-H peers matched on high school class, gender, level and type of extracurricular activity as documented in high school year books and who graduated between 1980 and 1985 from a high school in south-central PA. Religious participation and community service involvement were linked respectively with adult engagement in adult religious activity and various forms of adult community service, including social/service/ professional activities and participation in youth-centered activities and leadership roles. Youth involvement in sports and social cultural activities did not lead to adult participation in the variables studied. There was no evidence that 4-H membership was associated with later adult participation.

}, url = {https://catalog.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/2283946}, author = {Beth E. Van Horn} } @inbook {6806, title = {4-H teens as science teachers of children}, booktitle = {Advances in Youth Development Programming}, year = {2000}, month = {January 1999}, pages = {75-91}, publisher = {DANR Pub 3401}, organization = {DANR Pub 3401}, address = {Oakland, CA}, author = {R. Ponzio and S. Jung and Martin H. Smith and S. S. Mangalallan and K. Peterson} } @mastersthesis {9575, title = {An analysis of leadership life skills development through 4-H in the North Texas district}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {2000}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Patricia Gail-Fountain Richey} } @mastersthesis {9561, title = {Balancing family, volunteer and work roles: The relationship among strategies, situations and satisfaction}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2000}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Janet E. Fox} } @mastersthesis {9572, title = {Beliefs about change in the Indiana 4-H/Youth Development Program: A case study analysis}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2000}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Renee Krieg McKee} } @mastersthesis {9577, title = {A comparison of traditional and World Wide Web methodologies, computer anxiety and higher order thinking skills in the in-service training of Mississippi 4-H extension agents}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2000}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Julie Steadman Sexton} } @mastersthesis {9583, title = {A description of community service projects conducted by Oklahoma 4-H{\textquoteright}ers}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2000}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kyle K. Worthington} } @mastersthesis {9565, title = {Development and formative evaluation of a 4-H environmental education curriculum}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2000}, school = {University of Minnesota}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carrie Elise Hartz} } @article {7312, title = {Differences in the solution-oriented conflict style of selected groups of 4-H youth development volunteer leaders}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {38}, year = {2000}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2000february/rb5.php}, author = {Mary Deen} } @article {7283, title = {The educational value of 4-H activities as perceived by Louisiana 4-H agents}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {41}, year = {2000}, pages = {49-59}, doi = {10.5032/jae.2000.01049}, author = {Michael F. Burnett and Earl Crawford Johnson and Lanette Hebert} } @article {7284, title = {The educational value of 4-H activities as perceived by Louisiana 4-H agents}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {41}, year = {2000}, pages = {49-59}, abstract = {The primary purpose of the study was to determine the educational value of 4-H activities as perceived by Louisiana 4-H agents. Data were obtained using a research designed survey completed by 914 agents. Findings indicated that 4-H camp had the highest educational value rating and was the only activitiy perceived as having a very high educational value. Activities recommended for addition were: career development events, area short course, wildwood wanderings, agriculture in the classroom and health and fitness activities. Researchers recommended that any program identified for elimination be further examined on the basis of the number of clientele being reached.}, author = {Michael F. Burnett and Earl Crawford Johnson and L. Herbert} } @mastersthesis {9576, title = {Efectividad comparativa de dos methodos de ensenanza para el adiestramiento de jovenes 4-H para la competencia en cafe (Trans. title: Effective comparison of two teaching methods to train 4-H youngsters for the coffee competition)}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2000}, school = {University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Angel A. Rivera Nazario} } @article {7293, title = {Effectiveness of the Indiana 4-H Tractor Program at Instilling Safe Tractor Operating Behaviors and Attitudes in Youth}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health}, volume = {6}, year = {2000}, pages = {179-189}, abstract = {Also see Journal of Agricultural Education}, author = {H. Carrabbam and W. E. Field and Roger L. Tormoehlen and B. Talbert} } @mastersthesis {9570, title = {The effects of a supervised educational gardening program on participants relative to eight critical elements of youth development}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2000}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jacqueline Rene Lansman} } @mastersthesis {9555, title = {Enrollment in Arapahoe County 4-H}, volume = {MSM}, year = {2000}, note = {

Degree as indicated

}, school = {Regis University, Denver}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John L Adams} } @mastersthesis {9581, title = {Evaluation of the International 4-H Youth Exchange (IFYE) program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2000}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mary Elizabeth Williams} } @mastersthesis {9574, title = {An evaluation of the Pennsylvania 4-H sports fish program: Children{\textquoteright}s attitudes, motivations and constraints towards angling}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2000}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Marisa E. Oliva} } @mastersthesis {9556, title = {Factors influencing the retention of adult volunteer leaders in the Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service 4-H program}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2000}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Ismet Boz} } @mastersthesis {9578, title = {Factors that influence reenrollment of youth ages nine through twelve in Muskegon County 4-H club programs}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2000}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Betty A. Shelby} } @mastersthesis {9563, title = {A focused look at using project-based learning to prepare youth for the work place and life}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {2000}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Minnesota, Duluth}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kari Fruechte} } @mastersthesis {9569, title = {A focused look at using project-based learning to prepare youth for the work place and life}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {2000}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Minnesota, Duluth}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Julie Knobloch} } @mastersthesis {9557, title = {Identifying effective collaboration strategies among nonprofit and public youth serving agencies}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2000}, school = {Arizona State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Anthony J. Castiglia} } @article {7590, title = {Marketing strategies for recruiting 4-H members in West Virginia}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {41}, year = {2000}, month = {2000}, pages = {88-94}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to learn which 4-H marketing methods and messages influenced West Viriginia youth to join the program. 4-H youth between the ages of 13 to 18 were surveyed to determine the most effective methods. Electronic media and word-of-mouth were considered the most effective methods for recruiting. Active messages, particularly those stressing camps, fun, friendships were considered the most effective marketing messages for retaining youth in the 4-H program. A statewide plan needs to be developed using those methods and messages was the conclusion.

}, doi = {10.5032/jae.2000.01088}, author = {Gary J. Wingenbach and Cheryl Nestor and Layle D. Lawrence and Stacey A. Gartin and Jean Marie Woloshuk and Patricia Mulkeen} } @mastersthesis {9573, title = {A model linking formal and informal education: Field trips, curriculum standards and the 4-H children{\textquoteright}s garden at Michigan State University}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2000}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Stacy Lynn Messenger} } @article {7351, title = {Motivation and recognition preferences of 4-H volunteers}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {41}, year = {2000}, pages = {40-49}, abstract = {

This study explored motives and identified strategies for service recognition of a sample (714) of Nebraska 4-H organizational andproject volunteer leaders. On average, volunteers sampled were 43 years of age, parents of children in 4-H, and had been involved as a 4-H member more than 7 years. Respondents were predominately motivated by affiliation, and, therefore, identified most strongly with volunteering because of a desire to help others, associate with youth, and to be with their children involved in 4-H. Volunteers preferred to be recognizedfor their service by 4-H members in various forms. No relationship was established between motives to volunteer and preferred forms of recognition.

}, doi = {10.5032/jae.2000.03040}, author = {Susan Fritz and John E. Barbuto Jr. and David Marx and Arlen Etling and Shawn Burrow} } @mastersthesis {9566, title = {The organizational commitment of Ohio State adult 4-H volunteers}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2000}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Chang-lung Hsieh} } @mastersthesis {9559, title = {Perceived job satisfaction and self-efficacy of 4-H professionals}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {2000}, school = {Auburn University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Paula Marie Davis} } @mastersthesis {9558, title = {Perceptions of South Dakota youths and adults regarding the impact of youth development 4-H programs}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {2000}, school = {South Dakota State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Carolyn Lee Clague} } @mastersthesis {9582, title = {Quality middle school after school programs}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2000}, school = {Concordia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Spring A. Williams} } @mastersthesis {9579, title = {Recruiting and retaining minority 4-H volunteers in Tampa Bay area, Florida}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2000}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Diana Lanier Smith} } @mastersthesis {9568, title = {The self-perceived impact of participation in the Texas 4-H council by former council members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2000}, school = {Texas Tech University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kalico Karr} } @mastersthesis {9562, title = {Self-perceived leadership and life skills of youth involved in the 4-H Teen Leadership Training Camp and the summer camp staffs of the Trapper Trail Council Boy Scouts of America}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2000}, school = {Utah State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {David William Francis} } @mastersthesis {9580, title = {Small farm rabbit production and consumer demands in South Texas}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2000}, school = {Texas A\&M University, Kingsville}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Andrea Alejandra Vidal} } @mastersthesis {9571, title = {A study of adult volunteers and their perceptions of selected aspects of the Oklahoma 4-H shooting sports program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2000}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Tomas Joe Manske} } @mastersthesis {9567, title = {Value of adult volunteer leaders in the New Mexico 4-H programs}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2000}, school = {New Mexico State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Juli Koleen Hutchins} } @mastersthesis {9564, title = {Why parents and guardians choose to send their child(ren) to North Carolina 4-H camps}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2000}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Larry Birchel Hancock} } @mastersthesis {9560, title = {Youth leadership life skills development of participants in the West Virginia 4-H camping program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2000}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, doi = {10.33915/etd.1085}, author = {Rebecca Diane Duncan} } @proceedings {6859, title = {4-H alumni perceptions regarding the impact of the Indiana 4-H program}, year = {1999}, note = {abstract}, pages = {36}, author = {Steven McKinley} } @mastersthesis {9545, title = {4-H alumni perceptions regarding the impact of the Indiana 4-H program}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1999}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Steven Kenneth McKinley} } @mastersthesis {9542, title = {4-H contest winners in Utah: Risk and protective factors}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1999}, school = {Utah State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ann Elizabeth Henderson} } @article {7592, title = {4-H projects: Is completion important}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {37}, year = {1999}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1999october/rb5.php}, author = {Jean Marie Woloshuk and Guendoline Brown and Gena D. Wagaman} } @proceedings {6857, title = {Adolescents as co-researchers: An examination of the effects of a participatory research project on adolescent development}, year = {1999}, note = {abstract}, pages = {37}, author = {Gregory Matysik} } @mastersthesis {9540, title = {An analysis of leadership life skills development at the 1998 Texas 4-H Congress}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1999}, school = {Texas A\&M University, Kingsville}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Karla Marie Friesenhahn} } @mastersthesis {9536, title = {An assessment of computer related skills needed and possessed by county extension professionals in the Mississippi State University Extension Service}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1999}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Jackie Lynn Courson} } @mastersthesis {9544, title = {An assessment of the Idaho 4-H Know Your Government program}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1999}, school = {University of Idaho}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Marla Kay Lowder} } @article {7591, title = {Associated factors in recruitment and retention of 4-H members in West Virginia}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {40}, year = {1999}, pages = {23-29}, abstract = {The study was designed to determine effective recruitment and retention techniques for increasing enrollment in the West Virginia 4-H program. Data were collected by questionnaires to 165 county 4-H club leaders and 55 Extension Agents. A total of 115 (52\%) of usable questionnaires were returned. The highest rated recruitment techniques were: having exciting active clubs to entice others to join; word of mouth--friends telling friends about 4-H; allow 4-H members to participate and take active roles in the club; and make members feel welcome. The highest rated retntion techniques were: an effective county agent, staff and 4-H leader; must be pro 4-H, fun camping programs, and providing praise, motivation and encouragement; let older members know how important they are to the success of the club and provide efficient and fun meetings, programs and activities.}, author = {Gary J. Wingenbach and T. Meighan and Layle D. Lawrence and S. Gartin and Jean Marie Woloshuk} } @article {7411, title = {Attitudes of Extension professionals toward diversity education in 4-H programs}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {37}, year = {1999}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1999february/a3.php}, author = {Patreese D. Ingram} } @article {7479, title = {Building an asset-based program for 4-H}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {37}, year = {1999}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1999august/a2.php}, author = {Daniel F. Perkins and Judith R. Butterfield} } @article {7570, title = {Changes and challenges in 4-H (Part 2)}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {37}, year = {1999}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1999february/comm1.php}, author = {Beth E. Van Horn and Connie A. Flanagan and Joan S. Thomson} } @mastersthesis {9538, title = {A comparison of life skill achievement of 4-H clothing members and other non-livestock 4-H members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1999}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mary C. Forster} } @mastersthesis {9551, title = {The development, implementation, and evaluation of the Michigan 4-H new volunteer orientation and training program: A research-based rationale}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1999}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jennifer Ann Wagester} } @mastersthesis {9554, title = {Educational philosophies and teaching styles of University of Florida Cooperative Extension agents}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1999}, school = {Florida Atlantic University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Brenda Cunningham Williams} } @mastersthesis {9882, title = {Effectiveness of a conservation education program in changing youth knowledge about wetlands}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1999}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {College Station, TX}, abstract = {

The MarshMALLOW project taught wetland conservation issues using an experiential technique that reinforced process skills. Students and 4-H members participated between 1997 and 1999. Eleven to 12 year olds and 15-16 year olds improved more than 13-14 year olds and 8-10 year olds.

}, url = {https://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1999-THESIS-K735}, author = {Amy E. Kresta} } @mastersthesis {9553, title = {Effectiveness of experiential education programs in promoting environmental awareness of youth}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1999}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Stacy Dean Whitt} } @mastersthesis {9547, title = {Effects of feeder design on growth performance of finishing pigs and an outlook on the future of 4-H}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1999}, school = {Kansas State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carla Sue Nemecek} } @mastersthesis {9552, title = {An evaluation of 4-H{\textquoteright}s approach to teen programming}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1999}, school = {Hampshire College}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Katherine A. Watier} } @mastersthesis {9539, title = {Factors associated with the retention of 4-H members in LeFlore County, Oklahoma}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1999}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Rebecca Marie Foster} } @mastersthesis {9546, title = {A fighter to the end: The remarkable life and career of Laura Jane Harper}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1999}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Saranette Miles} } @proceedings {6849, title = {Forging leadership through mentoring}, year = {1999}, note = {abstract}, pages = {60}, author = {Janet Fox and Jha LaDeane} } @conference {7922, title = {Handling all those 4-H project questions: Technology helps}, booktitle = {ITAA Extension Outreach Preconference Paper}, year = {1999}, author = {Joyce Smith and Bridgette Sloan} } @proceedings {6874, title = {Hispanic adult volunteerism-Myth or Substance?}, year = {1999}, note = {abstract}, pages = {48}, author = {Dave Snell and C. Sousa and P. Gregory and J. Camarillo} } @mastersthesis {9548, title = {History of Virginia congressional district agricultural high schools}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1999}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Cathy McNeely Sutphin} } @article {7401, title = {Increasing the 4-H participation of youth from high-risk environments}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {37}, year = {1999}, note = {

Research in Brief 1RIB4

}, month = {August 1999}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1999august/rb1.php}, author = {Beverly B. Hobbs} } @mastersthesis {9537, title = {An instrument for measuring change among low-income youth (EFNEP)}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1999}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Angela Wood Dunham} } @proceedings {6854, title = {Job satisfaction, dissatisfaction and career commitment among community based youth development professionals}, year = {1999}, note = {abstract}, pages = {28}, author = {Alice P. Kersey} } @mastersthesis {9543, title = {Kentucky 4-H agents{\textquoteright} perceptions of the level of competency and frequency of use of volunteer development activities}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1999}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Bradley Scott Kohlhagen} } @mastersthesis {9550, title = {Making the connection: Cooperative Extension and school-age care}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1999}, school = {Concordia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Barbara D. Vandenbergh} } @article {7309, title = {Recognizing tenured 4-H adult volunteers}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {40}, year = {1999}, note = {NAE4-HA abstract, p. 49}, pages = {38-45}, author = {Kenneth Culp III and V. Schwartz} } @mastersthesis {9541, title = {The relationship between cognitive style and selected characteristics of Ohio 4-H members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1999}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Nicole Gruenschlaeger Hawk} } @proceedings {6863, title = {The relationship between tenure status of Extension faculty of West Virginia University and their job satisfaction}, year = {1999}, note = {abstract}, pages = {27}, author = {Patrick Nestor} } @mastersthesis {9549, title = {State 4-H youth development administrators{\textquoteright} and volunteer contacts{\textquoteright} attitudes regarding volunteer risk management}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1999}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Douglass A. Swanson} } @proceedings {6879, title = {Tractor safety certification: A multi-curricula approach}, year = {1999}, note = {

abstract

}, pages = {69}, author = {Roger L. Tormoehlen and Randall Reeder and Ernest Sheldon} } @booklet {7049, title = {Understanding the difference 4-H clubs make in the lives of New York youth: How 4-H contributes to positive youth development (final report)}, year = {1999}, author = {J. P. Mead and E. Rodriguez and T. A. Hirschel and S. E. Goggin} } @proceedings {6838, title = {Work life issues of Extension employees}, year = {1999}, note = {abstract}, pages = {58}, author = {Ann Wells Clutter and Ruben Neito} } @mastersthesis {9517, title = {4-H livestock judging manual}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1998}, school = {California Polytechnic State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Clint Cummings} } @mastersthesis {9521, title = {Analysis of perceptions of the 1997 Louisiana legislature toward the Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1998}, note = {

Abstract by Ginger Larson

}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study explored the perceptions of the members of the Louisiana Legislature in 1997 toward the Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service (LCES) to distinguish what influenced such perceptions. Familiarity and participation with the LCES programs, opinions of success, sources of LCES information were considered in the study. The study also examined the correlation of legislatures characteristics and their perceptions. The study found that legislators were familiar with LCES programs, in particular the 4-H program. Agriculture and 4-H programs were viewed as effective, but printed material, personal contacts, newsletters and newspaper articles gave moderate publicity to LCES. Age, years in the legislature, familiarity and participation did not influence perception greatly. Party affiliation was the best predictor of familiarity. Agriculture committee membership was the best predictor of the effectiveness of LCES programs as well as exposure to LCES information sources. The study recommends programs that will strengthen the image of LCES and help rural and urban legislators understand the mission and programs of LCES.

}, author = {Pamela Burgess Hodson} } @article {7287, title = {Assessing the needs of 4-H{\textquoteright}ers}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {36}, year = {1998}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1998april/rb1.php}, author = {Cathy L. Butler and Janette B. Bowman} } @mastersthesis {9512, title = {Benefits of participation in Tennessee 4-H junior high academic conference as perceived by selected former participants}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1998}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Emmanuel E. Bedwell} } @mastersthesis {9520, title = {Choice of faculty or administrative professional career tracks by Ohio State University Extension agents}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1998}, note = {

Abstract by Ginger Larson

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This descriptive-correlation study sought to describe Ohio State University Extension Agents who are more likely to choose the faculty or administrative and professional tract, to examine their attitudes toward the institution, balancing work and family and the influences of research criteria differences and then to develop a model to predict if agents will choose the faculty of the A \& P track. Age, gender, racial/ethnic background, title, appointment, marital status, highest level of education, number of household occupants and the employment status of the household occupants were demographic variables taken into consideration. Agents in general were more likely to choose the A \& P tract which younger agents and male agents would more than likely choose the faculty track. Those who chose the faculty track indicated positive attitudes toward research and nonformal teaching. Full-time 4-H/youth development and FCS agents were more likely to choose the A \& P track and those who chose A \& P tracks were not as influenced by salary.

}, author = {Rosemary R. Gliem} } @mastersthesis {9524, title = {Computer anxiety levels of Virginia Cooperative Extension field personnel}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1998}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Brenda Lee Martin} } @mastersthesis {9532, title = {A descriptive study of 4-H school enrichment programs in Ohio}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1998}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Roxann Lorraine Sommers} } @mastersthesis {9527, title = {A descriptive study of the Dunn County 4-H volunteer leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1998}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Stout}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jerry Risler} } @booklet {6992, title = {Developing youth curriculum using the targeting life skills model: Incorporating developmentally appropriate learning opportunities to assess impact of life skill development}, year = {1998}, author = {P. A. Hendricks} } @mastersthesis {9522, title = {The development and evaluation of an international 4-H youth course for Hungarian youth educators}, volume = {M.Ext.Ed.}, year = {1998}, note = {

Master of Extension Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Nancy M. Kadwill} } @mastersthesis {9529, title = {The effect of service-learning in developing leadership life skills}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1998}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Reyes Issac Rodriquez} } @mastersthesis {9530, title = {Every home a laboratory: Arizona farm women, the Extension service, and rural modernization, 1932-1952}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1998}, school = {Arizona State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Amy Elisa Ross} } @mastersthesis {9528, title = {Exploring the feasibility of developing partnerships between Hispanic-serving organizations and the 4-H clubs in the state of Texas in both urban and rural communities}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1998}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Reyes Isaac Rodrigues} } @mastersthesis {9535, title = {Factors related to the retention of Ohio teen 4-H members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1998}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Pamela Lynn Thompson} } @booklet {7226, title = {Families, 4-H and nutrition accomplishments}, year = {1998}, note = {Fiche} } @article {7571, title = {The first fifty years of the 4-H program (Part 1)}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {36}, year = {1998}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1998december/comm2.php}, author = {Beth E. Van Horn and Constance A. Flanagan and Joan S. Thomson} } @mastersthesis {9526, title = {Guam Cooperative Extension Service: The Public{\textquoteright}s Perception}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1998}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Carmen Leon Guerrero Pearson} } @mastersthesis {9531, title = {Identification of volunteer screening procedures, associate with liability issues, and volunteer involvement for selected Ohio youth programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1998}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ryan Joseph Schmiesing} } @mastersthesis {9523, title = {Job satisfaction, dissatisfaction and career commitment among community based youth development professionals}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1998}, school = {University of South Florida}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Alice Page Kersey} } @mastersthesis {9514, title = {Leadership as collaboration: A means to improve a community{\textquoteright}s quality of life for the 21st century}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1998}, note = {

Abstract by Ginger Larson

}, school = {Kansas State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the Family Community Leadership program according to participants in Kansas. All 296 participants since 1988 were mailed a survey instrument, developed by W.K. Kellogg Foundation by Rosenblum, Bringham and ABT Associates. Results of the survey indicate that the training increased leadership roles in public policy as well as more self-confidence and an increased feeling of self-worth. The study concludes that there should be more leadership development opportunities for all people including youth groups like 4-H and Scouts, and to incorporate leadership training into middle and high school curriculum. The study suggests this could be done through joint efforts between the Extension Service, Kansas Association of Family Community Education with schools, businesses, Chamber of Commerce, etc. at the local state and national levels.

}, author = {Linda Lee Carr} } @article {7426, title = {Leadership skill development of teen leaders}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {36}, year = {1998}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1998june/rb1.php}, author = {Scott Kleon and Susan Rinehart} } @mastersthesis {9525, title = {Middle/Late Woodland settlement systems: An analysis of prehistoric locational behavior in the Central Des Moines Valley}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1998}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Stephen Wallace Parrish} } @mastersthesis {9516, title = {Motivational functions of volunteerism: Similarities and differences between low and high risk audiences}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1998}, school = {Glassboro State College [Rowan University]}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Deborah L. Cole} } @article {7271, title = {An occupational analysis comparing 4-H youth development agents serving traditional and non-traditional clientele}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {39}, year = {1998}, pages = {53-64}, author = {Lynne M. Borden and William Harris} } @mastersthesis {9519, title = {Ohio 4-H agents{\textquoteright} perceptions of the level of importance and frequency of use of the eighteen components of the Gems Model of Volunteer Administration}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1998}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Catherine A. Deppe} } @mastersthesis {9533, title = {Personality changes of American teenage participants in a Japanese youth exchange}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1998}, school = {Indiana University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Michael Henry Stitsworth} } @mastersthesis {9534, title = {The relationship between participation in 4-H and community leadership in rural Indiana}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1998}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {A. Tharp} } @mastersthesis {9518, title = {The relationship between temperament and self-concept: Adolescent females participating in Washington State 4-H equestrian programs}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1998}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Shannon Lee Curfew} } @booklet {6991, title = {Targeting life skills model}, year = {1998}, author = {P. Hendricks} } @article {7422, title = {The value of 4-H competitive activities as perceived by the parents of 4-H members}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {39}, year = {1998}, pages = {41-50}, doi = {10.5032/jae.1998.03041}, author = {T. Lance Keith and Paul Vaughn} } @mastersthesis {9515, title = {Work/life issues of Cooperative Extension system professionals}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1998}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Ann Wells Clutter} } @mastersthesis {9490, title = {4-H recruitment possibilities among Tennessee suburban seventh grade students: A focus group}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1997}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sharon A. Davis} } @mastersthesis {9509, title = {An assessment of in-service training needs of Cooperative Extension field staff in Oklahoma}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1997}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {P. Mario Villaquiran} } @mastersthesis {9492, title = {Assessment of Ohio{\textquoteright}s health and safety officer program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1997}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Shelly Dee Jepsen} } @mastersthesis {9502, title = {An assessment of teaching of teaching/training style preferences among Oklahoma Cooperative extension field staff}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1997}, note = {

Abstract by Ginger Larson

}, school = {Saint Louis University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to assess and give a clear description of the teaching styles used by Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Field Staff. Several objectives guided the research: determining demographic characteristics and teaching styles of the OCES field staff, comparing the demographic and teaching styles, and then using the Principles of Adult Learning Scale, describe the OCES staff\&$\#$39;s teaching style preferences. A 67-item mandatory survey was mailed to 234 OCES staff in the fall of 1995 which examined demographics, perceptions of teaching and teaching style preferences. A response of 200 was place in nominal, interval and summative rating scales to analyze the data. The results indicated that nearly 84 percent of the respondents were field staff, about 11 percent were area specialists, and 5 percent were district field staff. Over 58 percent of field staff believed their role as an educator was \"to be objective.\"

Overall, the OCES field staff views themselves as \"facilitators\" and \"providers\" and are by far teacher-centered. This evidence suggests more training and development opportunities should be offered to field staff in order to strengthen their abilities to meet the needs of their varied clientele.

}, author = {Sonia Guadalupe Morales Osegueda} } @mastersthesis {9493, title = {Assessment of the national 4-H general health curriculum in Oklahoma}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1997}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sarah MacDonald Johnson} } @mastersthesis {9501, title = {Associated factors in recruitment and retention of 4-H members as perceived by 4-H club leaders and extension agents in West Virginia University}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1997}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Terence G. Meighan} } @mastersthesis {9503, title = {Attitudes toward the incorporation of a political multi-cultural approach into the 4-H youth development program curriculum}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1997}, note = {

Abstract by Ginger Larson

}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The objective of this research was to record and analyze the attitudes of Indiana 4-H/Youth Development policy council board members, Extension administrators, and professionals (state and county level) toward including a political multicultural approach into the 4-H/Youth Development program curriculum. The following questions were asked to the aforementioned persons: what knowledge and beliefs do you have in regards to multicultural education, what are your perceptions of the existing 4-H/Youth Development curriculum as it relates to multicultural education, how do your beliefs and ideas about a political multicultural approach influence how the curriculum is developed, implemented and evaluated, what are the implications for policy and administration of programs as a result of the incorporation of a political multicultural approach into the 4-H Youth Development program curriculum? Participants were interviewed from four-selected counties in Indiana. The data resulted in the following conclusions: the 4-H Youth Development program is valuable for youth currently, varied backgrounds and perceptions affected ideas of multicultural education, a comprehensive and joint decision-making process for a curriculum design would be required, but also recognized as difficult and discrepancies exist between policy and practice. Mind-sets toward political multicultural approach to 4-H programs will need to be changed before curriculum can be developed and implemented. This should start with training, especially with relationships since relationships are the foundations of an organization.

}, author = {Pamala Victoria Morris} } @booklet {7141, title = {Beyond 4-H community service to community service learning}, year = {1997}, author = {A. Smith} } @article {7854, title = {Community service: What 4-H youth groups do to make a difference}, year = {1997}, author = {Ellen Taylor-Powell and Greg Hutchins and Robyn Reed} } @article {7382, title = {Dairy cattle judging teaches critical life skills}, journal = {Journal of Dairy Science}, volume = {80}, year = {1997}, pages = {1884-1887}, author = {Larry D. Gutrie and J. Lee Majeskie} } @article {7519, title = {Dairy youth programming: Where we{\textquoteright}ve been and where we go from here}, journal = {Journal of Dairy Science}, volume = {80}, year = {1997}, pages = {1880-1883}, author = {C. A. Schwanke} } @mastersthesis {9491, title = {Differences in the solution-oriented conflict style of selected groups of 4-H youth development volunteer leaders}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1997}, note = {

Abstract by Ginger Larson

}, school = {University of Idaho}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to learn if 4-H volunteer leaders differ in their solution-oriented conflict style. Selected subgroups of 4-H Youth Development volunteers in Washington State were studied based on the three categories with the largest enrollments in the state--Horse, Challenge and Foods and Nutrition--and if volunteers had participated in conflict resolution training. Participants completed a written survey that determined their primary style of conflict resolution. Descriptive and inferential (anovas and t-tests) statistics were used to analyze the data. The results show that solution-oriented conflict styles vary between areas, with Challenge and Horse volunteers having much higher scores. Finally, volunteers who went through training had higher scores than those who had not taken solution-oriented training.

}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42070345}, author = {Mary Young Deen} } @conference {7886, title = {Does an urban 4-H program make differences in the lives of children?}, booktitle = {American Educational Research Association}, year = {1997}, month = {April 1997}, address = {New York City}, author = {T. Fleming-McCormick and N. C. Tushnet} } @mastersthesis {9498, title = {Elements of success in environmental education, through practitioner eyes}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1997}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Theodore Scott May} } @mastersthesis {9508, title = {An evaluation of a training center which provides educational and vocational aid to underprivileged children}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1997}, note = {

Abstract by Ginger Larson

}, school = {Saint Louis University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study examined if high school seniors in agricultural education in the Midwest US had the equivalent knowledge that is presented in introductory animal science courses at the college level. About one quarter of the students earned a 70 percent on the exam. Characteristics that corresponded with high achievement were post high school education plans and the amount of completed semesters in agricultural education. In addition, living location, interest and experience with animals, 4-H and FFA membership and grade point average also influenced student performance on the exam. Teachers who had completed more semesters in animal science in college had an impact on the students. The study found high school seniors in agricultural education programs possess the knowledge covered in entry level college animal science courses and recommended that both high school and college curricula be evaluated.

}, author = {Michael Anthony Underwood} } @mastersthesis {9499, title = {An examination of learning style among selected Ohio 4-H adolescents}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1997}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lisa D. McClain McCutcheon} } @article {7537, title = {Factors associated with clothing care practices of adolescents enrolled in 4-H programs}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {35}, year = {1997}, month = {October 1997}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1997october/rb2.php}, author = {Joyce A. Smith and Kathryn June Cox and Norma A. Pitts and Hak P. Tam} } @mastersthesis {9486, title = {Factors contributing to retention of 4-H volunteer organizational club leaders in Louisiana}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1997}, school = {University of Southwestern Louisiana}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Layne N. Arceneaux} } @article {7435, title = {Factors influencing exposure of children to major hazards on family farms}, journal = {Journal of Rural Health}, volume = {13}, year = {1997}, month = {Summer 1997}, pages = {206-215}, doi = { https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.1997.tb00844.x}, author = {Barbara C. Lee and Louise S. Jenkins and James D. Westaby} } @mastersthesis {9489, title = {Factors influencing the retention of senior 4-H members in rural Tennessee: A focus group study}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1997}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Stephen E. Cole} } @mastersthesis {9506, title = {Framework for youth development in Uganda based on characteristics of Oklahoma FFA and 4-H programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1997}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John James Okiror} } @mastersthesis {9510, title = {High school student{\textquoteright}s knowledge of college-level animal sciences: Implication for articulation}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1997}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Jill King Webster} } @mastersthesis {9500, title = {History of Virginia{\textquoteright}s 4-H camping program: A case study of events leading to the development of the 4-H educational centers}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1997}, note = {

Abstract by Ginger Larson

}, month = {01/1995}, pages = {130}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this dissertation is to document and analyze the theories that formed the basis for the development of Virginia 4-H camps which led to the creation of 4-H educational centers. The methodology use din this paper included the documentation of historical records as well as interviews with 4-H camp founders that delved into the issues of the camps\&$\#$39; formation, procedures and rationale. The case study represents four objectives in that it documents the camping movement in the US and the start of 4-H, examines the creation of the 4-H camping movement, documents the people, activities and inauguration of the 4-H camping program in Virginia including the historically segregated white and African-American camping programs, and finally, gives the history of the six 4-H educational centers in Virginia.

}, keywords = {4-H, camping, cooperative extension, educational centers, virginia 4-H}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30597}, author = {Robert Ray Meadows} } @mastersthesis {9504, title = {Holland{\textquoteright}s theory of vocational personalities and work environments applied to students majoring in family and consumer sciences}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1997}, note = {

Abstract written by Ginger Larson and revised by Jan Scholl

}, school = {Texas Tech University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The objective of this study was to apply Holland\&$\#$39;s theory of vocational personalities and work environments to students at a southwest university. The researcher developed a Basic Information Questionnaire to collect students\&$\#$39; demographic information. Congruence was used to analyze the compatibility between students\&$\#$39; SDS self-summary scores and Holland\&$\#$39;s predetermined occupational codes. Analyses of variance were conducted to examine the relationships between the level of congruence (dependent variable) and independent variables (course, gender, age, ethnicity classification, enrollment in secondary home economics, participation in 4-H, participation in FHA/HERO, participation in other organizations, and volunteer and work experiences related to the major. The results showed that demographics and backgrounds had no effect on students\&$\#$39; compatibilities with interests and majors. Holland\&$\#$39;s theory, therefore, is a practical application for students in the family and consumer sciences.

}, author = {Deborah Cade Mumme} } @mastersthesis {9496, title = {The image of Ohio 4-H held by Ohio 4-H volunteers}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1997}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Laryssa Leah Lackman} } @mastersthesis {9511, title = {Influence of knowledge of adolescent development on self-efficacy of youth educators}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1997}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Katherine Wolfe} } @article {7549, title = {A method of effective communication between 4-H and FFA programs at the local level}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {35}, year = {1997}, note = {

Ideas at Work 2IAW4

}, month = {April 1997}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1997april/iw4.php}, author = {Kenneth Spoto} } @article {7307, title = {Motivating and retaining adult volunteer 4-H leaders}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {38}, year = {1997}, pages = {1-7}, author = {Kenneth Culp III} } @mastersthesis {9488, title = {Nebraska adolescent health survey: Adolescent self-esteem body image survey of Nebraska 4-H youth}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1997}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kim Jeannine Bearnes} } @mastersthesis {9495, title = {Ohio 4-H youth development agents{\textquoteright} perceptions of the importance of and their competence with selected volunteer management competencies}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1997}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Jeffrey Edward King} } @mastersthesis {9497, title = {Perceptions of Union County 4-H members about the 4-H program}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1997}, note = {

Abstract by Ginger Larson

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The objectives of this study were to examine 4-H members\&$\#$39; perceptions about the 4-H program, if that perception varied with age, and to test this process of gathering youth input in order to implement it in other areas. Eleven focus group interviews made up 77 randomly selected 4-H members were held. The results of the interviews show that 4-H members enjoy learning and doing new things, meeting new people, working with animals and having fun. No members could make improvement recommendations for the 4-H program. The only county level 4-H event that was discussed was 4-H camp, so members drew primarily from their individual club experiences. Members indicated they value items of recognition rather than cash awards. The 14-18 age groups revealed they were slightly aggravated that clubs were designed more for younger children. This study supports the model Union County 4-H Program Development designed for this study by showing that youth are willing to participate by giving input for program development if the opportunity is made available to them.

}, author = {Christine Fisher Leeds} } @conference {7896, title = {The phenomena of winning in the south plains 4-H livestock show program: A qualitative study}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the National Agricultural Education Research meeting}, year = {1997}, pages = {97-103}, author = {T. Lance Keith} } @booklet {7061, title = {Professional research and knowledge bases for non-formal rural youth programmes}, year = {1997}, author = {Mary Kay Munson} } @mastersthesis {9513, title = {Program planning and adult education: Extension professionals{\textquoteright} attitudes and practices at Ohio State University Extension}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1997}, note = {

Abstract written by Ginger Larson and re-written by Jan Scholl

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, address = {Columbus, OH}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to describe and explain the nature and strength of relationships among variables through a descriptive-correlation design. Edgar J. Boone\&$\#$39;s Conceptual Program Model (Boone, 1985) was used for this study. OSU Extension professionals ranked processes used for program development in order of importance and regular use to determine the common processes and attitudes Extension professionals have towards programming. Zinn\&$\#$39;s Philosophy of Adult Education Inventory (Zinn, 1994) was used to identify the respondents philosophical orientation. Male respondents preferred progressive, radical and liberal philosophical orientations. Progressive by Agriculture Natural Resource, Behaviorist by Family and Consumer Sciences, Humanistics by 4-H, an Radical preferred by Community Developers to determine the proportion of variance in the implementation of program development processes multiple regression analysis was used. Fifty eight percent of the variance in the implementation of program development processes was accounted by the linear combination of perceived importance, knowledge levels on needs assessment and evaluation techniques and professional teaching experience other than Extension. Attitude was also another predictor of the implementation of program development processes.

}, url = {http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487948807588904}, author = {Dilek Bostan Budak} } @article {7510, title = {Programming parameters for 5 to 8 year old children in 4-H}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {35}, year = {1997}, note = {

Article 4FEA2

}, month = {August 1997}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1997august/a2.php}, author = {Scott D. Scheer} } @mastersthesis {9487, title = {A qualitative education of the effectiveness of Louisiana Cooperative extension Service cotton advisory committees using focus group interviews}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1997}, note = {

Abstract by Ginger Larson

}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to establish the usefulness of Extension cotton advisory committees according to parish Extension agents and clientele. The study was held statewide in Louisiana with a sample of agents and clientele representing the two major cotton producing areas. Six focus group interviews were conducted. The results of the qualitative data are reviewed taking special note of how members are involved in decision making. The study makes recommendations for cotton advisory committees and Extension programs.

}, author = {John W. Barnett} } @conference {7904, title = {Self-perceived youth leadership life skill development among Iowa 4-H members}, booktitle = {Galaxy Summit Extension Conference}, year = {1997}, address = {Cincinnati, OH}, author = {C. Morris} } @mastersthesis {9507, title = {Strategies for increasing senior enrollment and participation within the Tennessee 4-H club program as perceived by administrators, 4-H club specialists and 4-H agents: A Delphi study}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1997}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Susan M. Perrin} } @article {7528, title = {Using the Delphi technique to assess educational needs related to Extension{\textquoteright}s 4-H beef program}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {38}, year = {1997}, pages = {14-20}, author = {Ching-Chung Shih and Julia Andrew Gamon} } @mastersthesis {9494, title = {The value of 4-H competitive activities as perceived by the parents of 4-H members}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1997}, note = {

Abstract by Ginger Larson

}, school = {Texas Tech University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to explore 4-H parents\&$\#$39; opinions with regard to the educational value for competition in two Texas Extension districts. Furthermore, the study examined the relationship between certain demographic variables and perceptions of parents. A mailed questionnaire was distributed to 250 randomly selected parents of currently enrolled 4-H members in Texas Districts II and IV taken from a list supplied by Extension administrators, the response was 70\%. Almost 90\% were Caucasian/American and were currently married. Nearly half of the parents were raised on a farm or ranch, over 60\% responded that they were former 4-H members, and 80\% were serving as a volunteer leader. Overall, the responding parents indicated a positive view of 4-H competition, cooperative efforts and individual activities. Parents reported that personal skill development and self-esteem were the motivation for enrolling their child in the 4-H program. Concerns over competition included too much parental participation and ethical problems. Those who were more positive toward competition included senior volunteer leaders rather than junior leaders, 4-H camp participants and former 4-H members who joined at a later age.

}, author = {T. Lance Keith} } @mastersthesis {9505, title = {Youth at risk and extension education}, volume = {M.Ag.}, year = {1997}, note = {

Master of Agriculture degree

}, school = {Oregon State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

An online survey was used to determine 4-H alumni currently community engagement as it relates to the five constructs of social capital: groups and networks, trust and solidarity, cooperation, collective action, and empowerment and political action. Results determined that service learning in 4-H develops competencies that will be continued into adulthood. 4-H alumni demonstrated higher levels of empowerment and political action and groups and networks social capital than a comparison group of non-4-H persons. Empowerment and political action was associated with the Florida 4-H legislature program. Other relationships appeared to be associated with years of 4-H membership, educational level, and years of participation in the 4-H legislature programs. Using social capital to measure community impact provides 4-H an opportunity to demonstrate public value as a youth development organization in both citizenship and communities. It was recommended that Florida 4-H integrate social capital measurement into its evaluation system.

}, author = {Deborah Nistler} } @article {7419, title = {4-H night at the movies: A program for adolescents and their families}, journal = {Adolescence}, volume = {31}, year = {1996}, month = {Winter 1996}, pages = {863-74}, author = {Anthony P. Jurich and Olivia P. Collins} } @mastersthesis {9480, title = {4-H pet care leader{\textquoteright}s guide}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1996}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University, Harrisburg}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Frederick Rudy} } @mastersthesis {9482, title = {Agriculture teacher education: A profile of preservice teacher education students, teacher educator departments and programs that prepare agricultural education teachers}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1996}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Kirk Andrew Swortzel} } @mastersthesis {9464, title = {Attitude to and likelihood to continue in 4-H and young farmers{\textquoteright} clubs in Trinidad}, volume = {M. Phil.}, year = {1996}, note = {

Master of Philosophy degree

}, school = {University of the West Indies -- St. Augustine, Trinidad}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Deokee Bholasingh} } @mastersthesis {9478, title = {Benefits of participating in 4-H judging activities as perceived by former Giles County 4-H members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1996}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kevin L. Rose} } @mastersthesis {9473, title = {The challenge: Designing meaningful experiences with QuickTimeTM VR}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1996}, note = {

Abstract by Ginger Larson

}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This thesis examines how QuickTime Virtual Reality (VR) can be combined with intelligent information architecture and interface design to produce virtual experiences that can then be distributed globally via the World Wide Web. Photography, maps, text and interactive QuickTime VR movies were created to authenticate a walk-through of the Michigan State University\&$\#$39;s 4-H Children\&$\#$39;s Garden. This study reviews a comparison of the real life and virtual gardens and concludes with future recommendations for how QuickTime VR can be used.

}, author = {Matthew Stephen MacQueen} } @booklet {7217, title = {Changing the system: Perspectives from the Strengthening Our Capacity to Care initiative evaluation}, howpublished = {Search Institute}, year = {1996} } @booklet {6930, title = {Developing sportsmanship: A resource for use by volunteers and teen leaders in preparing youth and their families for participation in competitive programs and events}, year = {1996}, author = {Kathryn June Cox} } @mastersthesis {9471, title = {Employment process handbook for 4-H program assistants in the Ohio Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1996}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jacqueline Ellenor LaMuth} } @mastersthesis {9476, title = {Evaluating the educational effectiveness of new entomology curricula for 4-H members and leaders}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1996}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Tracy L. Newton} } @mastersthesis {9470, title = {An evaluation of perceptions of total quality management (TQM) livestock practices of Iowa 4-H{\textquoteright}ers who received new instructional materials}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1996}, note = {

Abstract by Ginger Larson

}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study sought to evaluate 4-H youth\&$\#$39;s awareness of quality livestock management and the production of safe food before and after they were exposed to the new Total Quality Management (TQM) for Youth Producers. The sample was made up of 800 4-H\&$\#$39;ers randomly chosen from a list of 4-H\&$\#$39;ers with livestock projects provided by Iowa\&$\#$39;s State 4-H office. The questionnaire had an initial overall Cronbach alpha reliability score of .78. 4-H\&$\#$39;ers were asked their perception of 20 quality management practices using a 5-Point Likert-type scale. There was a 49\% return on the mailings for the pretest and a 58\% return for the posttest. The posttest was mailed a year later to respondents of the pretest. The results show that 4-H\&$\#$39;ers regard themselves as good providers of space and protection for livestock. Awards, regular record keeping and judging animals were rated lower. Years of enrollment in 4-H and gender affected the ratings. The study concluded that the 4-H program was already making a positive influence on TQM awareness but that record keeping needed to be addressed in the 4-H curriculum. Although a paired t-test between pre-test and post-test showed a slight increase in TQM ratings the role of teaching materials could not yet be established which should be further investigated. Maturation of 4-H\&$\#$39;ers over the years is an extraneous variable that should also be considered.

}, author = {Mukiri Wa Githendu} } @mastersthesis {9466, title = {The facilitator{\textquoteright}s role in 4-H series}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1996}, school = {California Polytechnic State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Norma L. Chavez} } @mastersthesis {9484, title = {How different types of relationships within athletics influence the self-evaluations of early adolescent women}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1996}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Christiana Willett} } @mastersthesis {9472, title = {Identification of stress levels, common stressors and use of stress management techniques by Ohio 4-H teens}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1996}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lisa Oxender Lemons} } @article {7306, title = {Identifying continuing and non-continuing adult 4-H volunteers: How have they evolved over time}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {37}, year = {1996}, pages = {46-53}, doi = {DOI: 10.5032/jae.1996.04046}, author = {Kenneth Culp III} } @mastersthesis {9479, title = {Kolb{\textquoteright}s Learning Theory and the relationship of learning style preferences and teaching style preferences of extension educators}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1996}, note = {

Abstract by Ginger Larsen

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

A literature review indicated assumptions that teachers teach the way they learn and that comparing learning and teaching style instruments is difficult. The Trainer Type Inventory (TTI) and the Teaching Style Inventory (TSI) were conceptually based on Kolb\&$\#$39;s model of learning theory represented by the Learning Style Inventory (LSI). A theoretical basis was created to demonstrate the relationships between the four dimensions on these three instruments. Pennsylvania (non-formal) Extension educators completed the LSU, TTI, TSI and a demographic data page. The highest score on a dimension (out of four for each instrument), shows strongest preference to learn on the LSI, train (teach) on the TTI, use the listed teaching methods and techniques on the TSI. Based on the theoretical comparison of dimensions, the results from individual\&$\#$39;s highest scores were organized to show the type of relationship between instruments. Slightly over a third of PA educators showed a direct relationship between dimensions on the LSI, TTI and the TSI, indicating a preference to teach the way they learn. Under one third prefer to teach opposite of how they learn. Demographic data indicate 48.5\% of 4-H and youth development Extension agents show a direct relationship between preferences to learn and to teach. In the program area of family living, 42.8\% of agents shift their preferences with 37.8\% of agricultural agents teach opposite of how they prefer to learn. Racial background of the audience was not a conclusive factor in the preferences to teach or learn.

}, author = {Richard Michael Rudowski} } @article {7244, title = {Leadership in non-formal youth groups. Does style affect youth outcomes?}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {34}, year = {1996}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1996december/rb2.php}, author = {Kirk Astroth} } @mastersthesis {9477, title = {The leadership life skills gained through the Georgia 4-H camp counselor program}, volume = {M.Ext.}, year = {1996}, note = {

Master of Extension degree

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lori Purcell} } @mastersthesis {9485, title = {Life skill development of Montana 4-H campers}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1996}, school = {Montana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kelly Jo Maleski Wingard} } @article {7575, title = {Life skill development related to participation in 4-H animal science projects}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {34}, year = {1996}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1996april/rb2.php}, author = {Carol K. Ward} } @mastersthesis {9481, title = {Life skills development of collegiate 4-H youth as related to 4-H learning experiences utilizing critical thinking skills}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1996}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Joy Sharp} } @mastersthesis {9465, title = {Parent and child values associated with 5 to 8 year old youth participation in livestock competition}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1996}, school = {University of North Carolina}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {April Denise Bullin} } @mastersthesis {9467, title = {Perceptions held by leaders of the National Young Farmers Educational Association regarding international agriculture: Implications for agricultural and extension education}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1996}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Kamal Eldin Ali Elbashir} } @mastersthesis {9483, title = {Perceptions of 4-H by public school educators in Johnson County, Tennessee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1996}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ricky L. Thomason} } @mastersthesis {9469, title = {Public service announcement for San Luis Obispo 4-H Science and Technology}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1996}, school = {California Polytechnic State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Kristiaan N. Gilbert} } @mastersthesis {9475, title = {Self-perceived youth leadership life skills development among Iowa 4-H members}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1996}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {John Charles Morris} } @mastersthesis {9474, title = {Shaping a new role for the rural woman: Home demonstration work in Augusta County, Virginia, 1917-1940}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1996}, school = {Brown University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This dissertation explored the historical effect of the home demonstration club movement on women\&$\#$39;s lives, work, and homes in one Virginia county from 1917 to 1940.

}, author = {Ann Elizabeth McCleary} } @mastersthesis {9468, title = {The teaching styles of adult educators at the Buckeye Leadership Workshop as measured by the principles of adult learning scale}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1996}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study described the factors related to the teaching style of the instructors at the 1994 Buckeye Leadership Workshop (BLW) as measured by scores on a modified Principle of Adult Learning Scale (PALS). Two major conclusions were drawn: It was concluded that the teaching styles of the classes were not strongly related to the teaching styles of the instructors who planned and conducted them. Because the culture of the location was so strongly supportive of the learner centered style, that instructors planned and presented learner-centered classes regardless of their personal preference in teaching style. Second, learners evaluated the teaching style of the classes as even more learner centered in style than the instructors\&$\#$39; evaluations. This finding was in conflict with previous studies that found teachers rating courses higher than students.

}, author = {Dennis Lee Elliott} } @mastersthesis {9463, title = {Welcome to the club: Education where the bell never rings}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1996}, note = {

Ginger Larson Abstract

}, school = {Montana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Qualitative and quantitative methods were used in this descriptive research study exploring the 4-H experience from participants\&$\#$39; perspectives to determine if the nation\&$\#$39;s largest non-formal youth development program is effective in developing life skills. Three counties were randomly selected where all 4-H leaders were asked to take an inventory to assess their orientation towards working with youth. Based upon the leadership roles--control oriented or more autonomy-oriented five 4-H clubs were chosen for the study. 4-H promoted more life skill learning, was more fun, and was a more satisfying club experience for members in clubs led by autonomy-oriented leaders than those of control-oriented clubs. Based on this research, characteristics of effective clubs are given.

}, author = {Kirk Astroth} } @article {7300, title = {Work patterns and occupational hazard exposures of North Carolina adolescents in 4-H clubs}, journal = {Injury Prevention}, volume = {2}, year = {1996}, pages = {274-277}, abstract = {Fourteen to 17 year old 4-H club members were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaires regarding their lifetime experience of work, hazard exposure, and injuries. More than three-quarters of teens in this study who worked on farms reported being injured there and 100\% were exposed to at least one farm hazard. Conclusions: Prevention efforts should target specific hazards youths are exposed to rather than the general work site.}, author = {Lisa Cohen and Carol Runyan and Kathleen Dunn and Michael Schulman} } @mastersthesis {9450, title = {4-H communication project manuals: A composite picture}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1995}, school = {Kansas State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mark A. Esfeld} } @article {7349, title = {4-H member knowledge and perception of agriculture}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {36}, year = {1995}, pages = {43-49}, abstract = {This study was conducted to assess the knowlege and perceptions of 4-H members in a midwestern state regarding agriculture, food and natural resources. Data were collected from 550 respondents but did not constitute a representative sample of all 4-H members. The 4-H members group produced lower (more positive) perception mean scores for natural resources and animal science concept areas and the least positive scores in the policy concept area. 4-H members who lived on a farm produced higher knowledge of agriculture scores. 4-H members living on a farm produced less positive perceptions of agriculture, unless their farms were between 10 and 50 acres and they were enrolled in high school agricultural education. Inservice programs should be developed to assist 4-H youth personnel in their efforts to increase the agricultural literacy level of 4-H members.}, author = {Martin J. Frick and R. J. Birkenholz and K. Machtmes} } @booklet {7225, title = {4-H youth involvement in clubs and groups}, year = {1995} } @mastersthesis {9457, title = {Agent turnover in Ohio State University Extension}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1995}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The main purpose of the study was to determine why agents voluntarily left Ohio State University Extension between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 1994. The study found that those who voluntarily left were more likely to be Caucasian females in their early thirties holding a Master\&$\#$39;s degree who were married with no children. They are were also more likely to be in a non-tenure track position in a single county working in the 4-H program area. Recommendations were given.

}, author = {Laith M. Rousan} } @mastersthesis {9454, title = {Attitudes and aspirations of selected youth at-risk participating in the Franklin County Youth Engaged in Service (YES!) program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1995}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Deborah K. Lewis} } @mastersthesis {9462, title = {Attitudes of adult volunteers toward juvenile delinquent youth and volunteer willingness to bolster their protective factors of resilience}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1995}, note = {

Participants represented 4-H, girl scouts, and YMCA. Statistical procedures were outlined in detail in the First Search abstract, but no further information was cited.

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Bonita E. Williams} } @mastersthesis {9461, title = {County extension directors{\textquoteright} perceived behavior as a manager or leader as compared to county extension agents{\textquoteright} perceptions of CED{\textquoteright}s behavior}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1995}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this research study was to study basic behaviors, outside perceptions of behavior and self-perceptions of County Extension Directors. The directors perceived more leader behaviors in themselves than the agents perceived in them. Female directors and those younger than 45 years perceived more leader behaviors in themselves. African-American CEDs and those with prior extension agent experience indicated more leader behaviors than white CEDs or those without prior experience. The level of education, tenure, and size of county staffs were not found to be related to behaviors of the CED as a leader or manager. While the study showed that those perceived to have higher leadership ability were rated higher there was no evidence that the CED who ranked higher evidenced higher level performers among their county staff.

}, author = {Wanda Dickerson Sykes} } @article {7522, title = {Developing a scale to research and evaluate youth leadership life skills development}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {36}, year = {1995}, pages = {28-34}, author = {Brenda S. Seevers and Thomas J. Dormody and D. Clason} } @mastersthesis {9448, title = {Factors affecting length of service of adult volunteer 4-H leaders in Indiana}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1995}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Thirteen Indiana counties were randomly selected to satisfy three stratification layers: CES area, county population and Extension educator stability. 494 current and forty former 4-H leaders returned a mail survey which identified the typical leader as a 41-year old married woman whose children are in 4-H. County population differences had no effect upon demographic indicators, except that rural leaders raised larger families. Factors causing 4-H Leader resignation included: being unwanted, unappreciated, burned out, lack of help and low completion rate; lack of time, job, retirement, own children leaving 4-H. Leaders identified \"an assistant leader, upgrade of facilities or a regular meeting place as their primary unmet need, followed by problems with CES personnel , rules or policies. Training was most often cited in order to make the 4-H leader position more positive. Length of service was positively correlated to support levels by all groups and individuals.

}, author = {Kenneth Culp III} } @mastersthesis {9453, title = {A guide for developing successful oral reasons for 4-H dairy cattle judging}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1995}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jean H. Kummer} } @mastersthesis {9451, title = {The image of 4-H as perceived by selected Tennessee seventh graders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1995}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Deanna Lee Essington} } @article {7525, title = {Leadership life skills development: Perceptions of senior 4-H youth}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {33}, year = {1995}, pages = {27}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1995august/rb1.php}, author = {Brenda S. Seevers and Thomas J. Dormody} } @mastersthesis {9460, title = {Organizational effectiveness: 4-H as a case study}, volume = {M.Sc.}, year = {1995}, note = {

Master of Science

}, school = {University of Guelph, Canada}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, isbn = {0-612-04142-5}, author = {Lyndon Anthony Glenn Stewart} } @mastersthesis {9459, title = {Perceived benefits of the national 4-H forestry invitational and the differences in attitude and forestry knowledge between 4-H invitational participants and other 4-H members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1995}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Bonita B. Sparks} } @mastersthesis {9449, title = {Perception of Gallatin County 4-H members regarding animal projects}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1995}, school = {Montana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Matthew David Dalbey} } @mastersthesis {9447, title = {The role of 4-H volunteerism in adult development in male 4-H leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1995}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kristi Ann Wallace Cooper} } @mastersthesis {9455, title = {Strategic planning for North Carolina 4-H and year-round school audiences}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1995}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Donald Weston McCorkle} } @mastersthesis {9452, title = {A strategic planning framework for developing an education plan for a residential environmental education center: Upham Woods 4-H Environmental Education Center}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1995}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Green Bay}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Michael J. Hibbard} } @mastersthesis {9456, title = {A study of early adolescents{\textquoteright} time spent in clubs or organizations outside of school}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1995}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Cathy J. Newkirk} } @mastersthesis {9458, title = {Volunteer programs and risk management}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1995}, school = {Cardinal Stritch College, Milwaukee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kelly Renee Schultz} } @article {7889, title = {Why Do Teens Drop Out?: A Developmental View}, journal = {Journal of Extension (JOE)}, volume = {33}, year = {1995}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Participants in youth programs and organizations tend to drop out when they reach adolescence. An examination of adolescent development shows that a major portion of teen drop out is developmentally appropriate and normative. Youth organizations need to adjust their expectations for teen participation and remember that teens participate voluntarily.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1995february/comm1.php}, author = {Anne L. Heinsohn and Robert B. Lewis} } @mastersthesis {9439, title = {4-H clothing project effects on state winners{\textquoteright} life}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1994}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Southwestern State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Susan Lively} } @mastersthesis {9426, title = {A 4-H communication curriculum: the effect of instruction on verbal behaviors of adolescents}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1994}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Janet Louise Anderson} } @mastersthesis {9443, title = {4-H consumer life skills project: A test of knowledge and skills for making major purchasing decisions}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1994}, school = {Texas Woman{\textquoteright}s University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carol M. Roberts} } @mastersthesis {9444, title = {4-H leaders planbook}, volume = {B.A.}, year = {1994}, school = {California Polytechnic State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Bonnie Rookus} } @mastersthesis {9440, title = {4-H leadership project for youth and a 4-H leaders{\textquoteright} guide for 4-H volunteers}, volume = {M.Ex.Ed.}, year = {1994}, note = {

Master of Extension Education

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Pamela A. Paletta} } @mastersthesis {9428, title = {4-H Missions in Space: Changing student conceptions through experiential learning}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1994}, school = {University of Illinois}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Christopher James Franlin Burke} } @article {7523, title = {4-H youth leadership organizations in Hidalgo County: Youth leadership survey results}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Extension}, year = {1994}, author = {Brenda S. Seevers and Thomas J. Dormody} } @article {7526, title = {4-H youth participation in leadership development activities: A tri-state study}, journal = {Journal of Agriculture Education}, volume = {35}, year = {1994}, pages = {49-54}, author = {Brenda S. Seevers and Thomas J. Dormody} } @mastersthesis {9433, title = {Accuracy of HIV/AIDS knowledge of Puerto Rican 4-H members, ages seven to twelve}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1994}, note = {

Translated by Bianca M. Vazquez Marrero

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of knowledge held about HIV/AIDS by 4-H members ages 7 to 12 who reside in the Arecibo region of Puerto Rico. Overall 4-H members were found to use multiple sources to obtain HIV/AIDS information, but mass media, specifically television was their main source of information. Specific HIV/AIDS information sources appeared to vary among members age 10-12, according to their gender, age, place of residence and time enrolled in the 4-H program. The results of this study were very similar to those studies involving children in the U.S. and Canada. Cognitive maturity was a better predictor of Puerto Rican 4-H members\&$\#$39; accuracy about HIV/AIDS information than was their age, gender or place of residence. The study concluded that culturally sensitive education program for Puerto Rican 4-H members should be community-based integrating the school, the mass media and parents.

}, author = {Mildred E. Feliciano} } @article {7471, title = {Action research: Evaluating and implementing a shared vision in the Cornell Cooperative Extension, 4-H Youth Development Program}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {35}, year = {1994}, pages = {23-29}, author = {Mhora Newson-Stewart} } @mastersthesis {9431, title = {An assessment of the knowledge and perceptions of agriculture by selected fourth grade teachers in Oklahoma}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1994}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge and perceptions of agriculture by selected fourth grade public school teachers in Oklahoma. An analysis of the demographic data revealed that 48.3 percent of the teachers in the study had resided on a farm or ranch in their lifetime and 92 of the teachers had been in 4-H and/or FFA. The study also revealed that of the majority of teachers taught fewer than 50 hours of science concepts that related to the various areas of agriculture during a school year.

}, author = {Charles Bryan Cox} } @mastersthesis {9430, title = {Correlates of the levels of cognition in the Ohio State University Extension 4-H volunteer training programs}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1994}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study was descriptive-correlational research with the major purpose of assessing the relationship between level of cognition of instruction by OSU Extension 4-H county agents and the level of cognition of participation in the OSU Extension 4-H volunteer training programs. Five instruments were used to collect data; three instruments were developed by researcher. A stratified random sample was comprised of 20 4-H county Extension agents in Ohio. The researcher adopted Newcomb and Trefz\&$\#$39;s taxonomy to measure actual levels of cognition and Flanders\&$\#$39; classroom interaction analysis system to measure the level of participation. The study had a response rate of nearly 99\%. The higher the level of cognition, the level of participation tended to be higher. There was little or no relationship between the level of cognition and the attitude of 4-H volunteers.

}, author = {Shinshin Chen} } @article {7515, title = {Developing 4-H curriculum on an electronic database}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {32}, year = {1994}, note = {

Article 2FEA7

}, month = {August 1994}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1994august/a7.php}, author = {Jan F. Scholl} } @mastersthesis {9446, title = {Developing a leadership training weekend for the San Luis Obispo County 4-H Program}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1994}, school = {California Polytechnic State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Karen L. Stevenson} } @mastersthesis {9436, title = {Development and evaluation of a 4-H curriculum pilot test model}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1994}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

A curriculum evaluation model was developed and tested during a 4-H curriculum pilot test. The model was developed and tested during a 4-H curriculum pilot test regarding the effectiveness of\  new 4-H member activity manuals and leader guides. One sixth of the member population was surveyed and another one sixth was interviewed. Ten leaders from each county were surveyed and five were interviewed. All of the extension educators were interviewed. Dissemination reports were submitted to the curriculum coordinators heading each project and these coordinators were interviewed to assess the curriculum evaluation model.

It was found that the model needed refinement and a more in-depth analysis of the results might prove insight into confounding factors such as the fear of change and weakness of implementation procedures.

}, author = {Lisa Kaufman Haygood} } @booklet {7050, title = {EM*Powered to action: Evaluation of the environmental management power 4-H youth project}, year = {1994}, author = {Nancy Medlin and Mark Patterson} } @mastersthesis {9438, title = {The image of the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service among the general public and key county government officials}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1994}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Thomas Walter Knecht} } @mastersthesis {9442, title = {The impact of demographic, parental monitoring variables and family structure on Asian eighth grade youth relative to participation in non-formal education}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1994}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study utilized previously collected data relating to the demographic factors, parental monitoring variables and family structure on two groups of Asian youth. The overall findings of the study showed little difference between Asian youth and non-Asian youth relative to their participation in non-formal education. Participation in service-learning programs was suggested as a possible alternative for bridging non-formal education.

}, author = {Bruce Allen Richards} } @mastersthesis {9427, title = {Mentoring activities and the career paths of women earning B.S. degrees in Agricultural Education at Penn State University}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1994}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to describe the mentoring activities and career paths among women with B.S. degrees earning in agricultural education form Penn State University who entered and remained in the profession of teaching agriculture, those who entered and left and those who never entered. The population for the study was 80 living female graduates. Sixty-three (79.9\%) of the women responded. Data were collected via telephone interview. Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis. Women entered agricultural education because of their desire to teach and their interest in agriculture, but many left the field because they couldn\&$\#$39;t get hired. Most graduates were reared from rural areas. The mean age of all graduates was 35.5 years and 77.8 percent were married. Less than one-half had children. More women who were currently teaching agriculture had held membership in 4-h and FFA and were enrolled in agricultural classes in high school. The current agriculture teachers reported having more mentors before and after graduations. Most mentoring relationships tended to be long term.

}, author = {Mary Martha "Meecee" Baker} } @article {7562, title = {A perfect fit: Involving youth with disabilities in 4-H}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {32}, year = {1994}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1994june/a4.php}, author = {Roger L. Tormoehlen and W. E. Field} } @mastersthesis {9445, title = {Personal benefits of 4-H public speaking as perceived by state public speaking winners in Oklahoma from 1953 to 1993}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1994}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Deborah L. Sharp} } @mastersthesis {9441, title = {Philosophical orientations of Extension educators}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1994}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {David Wiley Price} } @article {7325, title = {Predicting youth leadership life skills development among FFA members in Arizona, Colorado and New Mexico}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {35}, year = {1994}, pages = {65-71}, author = {Thomas J. Dormody and Brenda S. Seevers} } @mastersthesis {9435, title = {A qualitative assessment of Iowa 4-H middle management volunteers{\textquoteright} perceptions of key aspects of their roles and responsibilities}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1994}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jane Hayes-Johnk} } @mastersthesis {9437, title = {The relationship between perceived effectiveness of the collaborative relationships of the USDA youth at risk coalitions and selected situational factors and structural dimensions}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1994}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Daney G. Jackson} } @mastersthesis {9429, title = {The roles of Tennessee extension 4-H specialists as perceived by agents, specialists and administrators; A Delphi study}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1994}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carla Nekell Carver} } @mastersthesis {9434, title = {Use of the experiential learning model with adolescent county 4-H council members}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1994}, school = {University of Northern Iowa}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Vanette M. Grover} } @article {7513, title = {Using non-reactive methods to study and improve 4-H programs}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {32}, year = {1994}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1994october/tt3.php}, author = {Jan F. Scholl and Dan Lago} } @mastersthesis {9432, title = {Workforce related skills and competencies in 4-H curriculum materials}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1994}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/34222722}, author = {Gwenneth Western El Sawi} } @booklet {7224, title = {4-H community ATV safety program: Off the road again: Evaluation research progress report 1990-1993}, year = {1993} } @mastersthesis {9419, title = {4-H volunteer leader guide for a swine project in the Santa Barbara County}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1993}, school = {California Polytechnic State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Jodi Rogers} } @booklet {7097, title = {4-H/EFNEP summer nutrition program: At risk teens reaching at-risk youth}, year = {1993}, author = {Sue Pleskac} } @mastersthesis {9408, title = {An analysis of factors influencing Hispanic youth involvement in the Fort Bend County 4-H program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1993}, school = {Prairie View A\&M University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lizabeth Hernandez Gresham} } @mastersthesis {9420, title = {Analysis of personality types associated with 4-H livestock judging participants}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1993}, note = {

Date may be incorrect. This citation is just a mention. I don\&$\#$39;t have documentation as to whether the student completed the study.

}, school = {University of Wisconsin, River Falls}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sara J. Sannes} } @mastersthesis {9411, title = {Attitudes of county extension agents toward agent specialization}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1993}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Jose M. Huerta} } @mastersthesis {9409, title = {Attitudes of professionals, volunteer leaders and 4-H members toward competitive, cooperative and individual learning styles related to the 4-H program in Tennessee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1993}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Darrell Edward Hale} } @mastersthesis {9401, title = {Benefits of participation in the Wilson County livestock projects as perceived by selected former exhibitors}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1993}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mitchell Clark Beaty} } @mastersthesis {9415, title = {Beyond conceptualization: Youth/organization partnerships}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1993}, school = {University of Minnesota}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Ellen G. Murphy} } @booklet {7091, title = {Community service \& service learning: Rationale, research and the link with 4-H}, year = {1993}, author = {Daniel F. Perkins} } @article {7512, title = {Comparison of traditional and electronic methods of developing curriculum for Extension Youth Programs}, journal = {Summaries of Research in Agricultural Education}, year = {1993}, pages = {86-87}, abstract = {The project represents a first attempt at using a database to develop, review and manage educational materials for a specific educational effort.}, author = {Jan F. Scholl} } @article {7461, title = {Competency, coping and contributory life skills development of early adolescents}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {34}, year = {1993}, pages = {68-76}, doi = {10.5032/jae.1993.01068}, author = {Jeffrey P. Miller and Blannie E. Bowen} } @mastersthesis {9416, title = {Developing shared meaning: Application of assimilation theory to 4-H, Cornell Cooperative Extension}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1993}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Mhora Currie Newsom-Stewart} } @mastersthesis {9405, title = {Evaluation of human resource development competencies through Iowa 4-H projects}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1993}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ond Pedro DeHegedus-Hetzel} } @article {7330, title = {Factors associated with 4-H enrollment levels in the Alabama Cooperative Extension Service}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {34}, year = {1993}, month = {Spring 1993}, pages = {11-17}, doi = {10.5032/jae.1993.01011}, author = {Annette Mitchell Ellis and Janet L. Henderson} } @article {7396, title = {Factors associated with 4-H enrollment levels in the Alabama Cooperative Extension Service}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {34}, year = {1993}, pages = {11-17}, author = {J. Henderson and Annette Mitchell Ellis} } @mastersthesis {9413, title = {Factors associated with enrollment choice of freshmen students entering programs of agriculture at Texas A \& M University as compared to freshmen students entering programs of agriculture at public community colleges in Texas}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1993}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Melissa Lockard Lester} } @mastersthesis {9404, title = {Factors associated with the retention of 4-H volunteers in northeast Oklahoma as perceived by 4-H volunteers}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1993}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Randell Wayne Burris} } @article {7357, title = {Family diversity in a youth organization: Involvement of single-parent families and stepfamilies in 4-H}, journal = {Family Relations}, volume = {42}, year = {1993}, month = {July 1993}, pages = {286-292}, abstract = {Purpose of study was to evaluate the involvement of childen from single-parent and stepparent households in 4-H clubs. A case study approach was taken, with data collected via interviews and mailed questionnaires. Children from single-parent households were found to be underrepresented, as were stepchildren to a lesser extent. Suggestions for 4-H and similar youth programs are offered.}, author = {Lawrence H. Ganong} } @booklet {7028, title = {Final report on "Generation Celebration"}, year = {1993}, author = {Dan Lago and Jan F. Scholl} } @mastersthesis {9414, title = {Floral design section for the 4-H organization{\textquoteright}s horticulture program}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1993}, school = {California Polytechnic State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Jennifer E. Lupul} } @mastersthesis {9410, title = {Impact of the 4-H after school curriculum on latch-key children}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1993}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jeff Wayne Howard} } @mastersthesis {9402, title = {Importance-performance analysis of 4-H camps in North Carolina}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1993}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Cynthia Lee Bingham} } @mastersthesis {9406, title = {The influence of selected 4-H agent and program characteristics on program enrollment}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1993}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Catherine L. Denison} } @mastersthesis {9423, title = {Integrating Indochinese-American youth into American society: A handbook for Cooperative Extension agents}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1993}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {David S. Tang} } @mastersthesis {9424, title = {Inter-agency collaborative efforts of Pennsylvania field-based 4-H professionals}, volume = {M.Ext.}, year = {1993}, note = {

Master of Extension degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {S. Paige Taylor-Hart} } @article {7290, title = {Involving minority youth in 4-H}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {31}, year = {1993}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1993spring/rb4.php}, author = {Jamie Cano and Joanne Bankston} } @mastersthesis {9425, title = {Manager and employee perceptions of factors that inhibit or enhance creativity in land-grant university communication units specializing in agricultural, home economics, youth and community and natural resource development programs}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1993}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Sherrie Renee Whaley} } @article {7158, title = {Nationwide participation in 4-H during the 1980s: Information from the office of education NELS: 88 study}, year = {1993}, month = {July 1993}, pages = {39 pp.}, institution = {University of Wisconsin, Madison, Extension Service}, abstract = {

Authors summarized the analysis as follows: Teens could profit greatly from some teen-developed and controlled activitites which yield benefits both to the community and to themselves. Extension could help volunteers in community understand teens. Too few agencies and organizations controlled by adults are currently making the right activities available. Some Extension agents and volunteers have provided a forum for the kinds of experiences that teens need.
Few programs for early teens will be developed and succeed because too few adults are able to accept the kind of adult role needed to successfully help teeenagers to continue their learning.

}, author = {Sara M. Steele and T. Miller and K. Rai} } @article {7499, title = {Optimizing the 4-H exchange}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {31}, year = {1993}, note = {

Ideas at Work 4IAW2

}, month = {Winter 1993}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1993winter/iw2.php}, author = {Truda Roper} } @article {7332, title = {Overcoming barriers to a global outlook in 4-H}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {31}, year = {1993}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1993summer/intl2.php}, author = {Arlen Etling and Kimberly K. Reaman and Gwen El Sawi} } @mastersthesis {9407, title = {Perceptions of 4-H club members, parents and leaders of competitive activities in Mayes County, Oklahoma}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1993}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Stan Fimple} } @mastersthesis {9418, title = {Professional competencies needed by extension agents in the Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1993}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {William Blaine Reynolds} } @mastersthesis {9422, title = {The role of 4-H junior leaders in planning 4-H youth programs in rural Ohio counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1993}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Judy Jordan Steritz} } @mastersthesis {9417, title = {A semantic differential study of Idaho and Washington Cooperative Extension System (CES) 4-H horse program leaders{\textquoteright} perceptions of 4-H horse program}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1993}, school = {University of Idaho}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {L. S. Nickerson} } @mastersthesis {9403, title = {Single family camp}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1993}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ellen M. Bjelland} } @mastersthesis {9412, title = {A study of the twenty-two elementary agricultural education pilot projects in Illinois for 1989 to 1990}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1993}, school = {Southern Illinois University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Steven W. Launius} } @booklet {6970, title = {Use of total management practices in 4-H and FFA livestock projects}, howpublished = {Mention in Summaries of Research in Agricultural Education}, year = {1993}, author = {Julia Garmon} } @article {7495, title = {Why youth drop out of 4-H}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {31}, year = {1993}, note = {

Research in Brief 1RIB3

}, month = {Spring 1993}, abstract = {

Ten dropouts between 10-13 years old and 10 between 14-18 years old from 10 counties in Indiana. The final selection process yielded 100 and out of this 92 youth could be contacted. Youth and their parents were interviewed over the phone. Youth represented a balance of rural, urban and mixed counties.The most common reason given by youth who dropped out was related to displeasure with 4-H clubs, ranging from boring meetings to not getting enough help with projects. The second reason was that youth were too busy with sports and third, that youth were too busy with a job.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1993spring/rb3.php}, author = {Robert Merle Ritchie and Kendra M. Resler} } @mastersthesis {9421, title = {The youth/4-H beef education program: A needs assessment using a Delphi study}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1993}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/29290692}, author = {Ching-Chung Shih} } @mastersthesis {9392, title = {4-H adult volunteers{\textquoteright} attitudes towards 4-H members}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1992}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University, Harrisburg}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s paper}, author = {Roxanne F. Price} } @booklet {7171, title = {The 4-H Great Lakes natural resources camp: A follow-up study}, year = {1992}, author = {Murari Prasad Suvedi} } @mastersthesis {9389, title = {4-H microbial ecology curriculum development}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1992}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Topics covered in this paper are: general curriculum development, learning theory, instructional design, science curriculum development and 4-H curriculum development. The materials were reviewed by extension agents in five Pennsylvania counties and curriculum specialists at the University.

}, author = {David Roland Myers} } @booklet {7149, title = {4-H programs in the nation{\textquoteright}s largest cities}, year = {1992}, author = {Joel Robert Soobitsky} } @booklet {7153, title = {4-H programs in the nation{\textquoteright}s largest cities}, year = {1992}, author = {Joel Robert Soobitsky} } @mastersthesis {9391, title = {An analysis of adult 4-H club leader perceptions regarding county 4-H newsletters from the University of Wisconsin Cooperative Extension Service Western District}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1992}, school = {University of Wisconsin, River Falls}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Cindy A. Peeters} } @mastersthesis {9382, title = {An analysis of power base preferences of selected Cooperative Extension agents/program assistants and readiness levels of 4-H middle management volunteers in Washington}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1992}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Gonzaga University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between the perceived power bases of selected Washington Cooperative Extension agents/program assistance, and the perceived readiness level of adult volunteers in 4-H middle management roles to assume additional responsibility. The power bases studied were: coercive, connection, expert, information, legitimate, referent and reward. Two aspects of readiness levels were studied: ability and willingness. Hersey and Blanchard\&$\#$39;s Situational Leadership Model was used to compare the data. Nearly ninety percent of the 76 agents/program assistants responded to the Power Perception Profile and 72 percent to the Readiness Scale.

T-tests for the independent samples were used for analysis purposes. Significant differences at the .05 level occurred between he agent and the volunteer perceptions of the agent/program assistance power base preference in three of the seven categories: referent, expert and reward. Agents ranked all three higher than did the volunteers. Volunteers ranked themselves as \"moderate-high\" and \"high\" readiness levels with ninety-three percent of the responsibilities they listed as part of their middle management role. The researcher concluded that the data fit the Situational Leadership Model well and, based on the literature review, that there is an empowering relationship between the agents/program assistants and volunteer middle managers in the Washington 4-H program.

}, author = {Janet Hutchinson Hiller} } @mastersthesis {9383, title = {California 4-H alumni perceptions of their 4-H experience}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1992}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of California, Davis}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Melinda M. Hogan (Souers)} } @mastersthesis {9388, title = {Cognitive style and its relationship to selected characteristics of 4-H members in Central Ohio}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1992}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the relationship between cognitive style of 4-H members and member characteristics, such as their perceived satisfaction with their overall 4-H experience, length of tenure, awareness of their cognitive style, self-reported behavior related to cognitive style, attitude toward 4-H activities and behavior.

No significant relationship was found between cognitive style and participation in 4-H projects or activities, with the exception of 4-H camp for senior members. There was also a moderate relationship between cognitive style and length of tenure for junior members. Further research was recommended.

}, author = {Cathy L. Martinez} } @mastersthesis {9397, title = {Competency, coping and contributory life skill development of senior 4-H members: A comparison rural and non-rural 4-H youth}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1992}, note = {
  1. Some sources note Ph.D., but not NAL.
  2. Modified NAL abstract
}, school = {Clemson University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study investigated the development of competency, coping and contributory life skills as perceived by rural an non-rural senior 4-H members in South Carolina. The Life Skill Development Instrument (LSDI) was sent in a mailed questionnaire to 365 randomly selected senior 4-H members in 23 South Carolina Counties. T-tests and a one way analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Learning and citizenship subscales showed significant differences at the .05 level. Those senior 4-H members with participation in three or less 4-H project areas scored lower on the total LSDI and subscales of learning, career orientation, leadership and citizenship. No significant differences were found in the development of life skills and gender, race, or categories of years enrolled in 4-H. Mean scores on the LSDI were higher in the group who had been enrolled in 4-H for more than 8 years.

}, author = {Deborah Jean Jackson Thomason} } @mastersthesis {9387, title = {Cultural appropriateness in education and development: The case of the 4-H Yukon River fisheries education and youth development program}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1992}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Oregon State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The 4-H River Fisheries Education and Youth Development Program was created to help youth escape from the social ills of substance abuse, teen pregnancy low academic achievement and suicide that plague rural Alaskan villages.

The study focused on the program in the village of Kaltag, Alaska using ethnographic methods guided by Coombs and Ahmed\&$\#$39;s (1974) \"Guidelines for Preparing Case Studies of Nonformal Education in Rural Areas\" and Nelson\&$\#$39;s (1982) \"Descriptive Profile of Culturally Appropriate Instructional Resources.\" Respondents indicated that the program in the study indicated the program was both effective and culturally appropriate. Community support, relevance to community needs ad program integration with the school were found to be interrelated and interdependent and related to the program\&$\#$39;s effectiveness and cultural appropriateness. The program\&$\#$39;s transferability to other communities may be determined by these three aspects.

}, author = {Jean LaVerne Marcey} } @mastersthesis {9378, title = {A demographic profile and attitudinal study of donors of the Tennessee 4-H program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1992}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purposes of the study were to: 1) develop demographic profiles of both individual and corporate donors to the Tennessee 4-H program, study the relationships of selected demographic characteristics with donor attitudes, and respondent\&$\#$39;s philanthropic giving patterns. A random sample of 567 respondents from a population of 2,900 donors were identified to participate in the study; 40\% returned the mailed survey. Findings indicated that most of the donors have a generally high opinion of the organization, its objectives, and its ability to teach youth life skills. Many respondents, however, indicated a need for a \"modernizing\" or \"more contemporary changes\" to the Tennessee program.

A large percentage of donors held advanced degrees. The majority of existing donors were former 4-H members. An important finding was that many donors were receptive to the idea of a \"more aggressive\" attempt at fund raising for the organization. Individual donors were more receptive to this idea than corporate donors.

}, author = {Phyllis Lee Bohannon} } @mastersthesis {9384, title = {Descriptive profile of Trempealeau County Extension homemaker and 4-H family, home and health volunteer leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1992}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Stout}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Cynthia Y. Jacoby} } @article {7273, title = {Developing life skills in youth}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {30}, year = {1992}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1992winter/a4.php}, author = {Barry L. Boyd and Don R. Herring and Gary E. Briers} } @mastersthesis {9377, title = {Development of an interactive computer program on cuts of beef for 4-H}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1992}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Melanie E. Barkley} } @mastersthesis {9394, title = {An evaluability assessment of the Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service 4-H program}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1992}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

A representative work group of Extension agents, specialists and administrators identified and developed an educational effects matrix for each of five target audiences of the 4-H program--4-H youth, other youth, family members, leaders and policy makers, abstracted themes emerging from telephone interviews of 95 stakeholders and developed a logic model comprised of seven main events: assess needs, define Extension\&$\#$39;s role and nature of commitment, assess resources and develop program, acquire and/or train staff, initiate networks and coalitions, create awareness and promote program and provide educational experiences. The group also identified underlying activities and indicators for each event and the possible barriers and barrier reductions impeding the flow of the model\&$\#$39;s events to ultimate consequences. The work group concluded that: Louisiana 4-H has a positive image and that it should expand its audience and subject matter. Administrative approval and a commitment to accept the model with its implications were critical to its implementation. The researcher made a number of recommendations and conclusions including that LCES should actively hire personnel from non-traditional academic backgrounds and that additional research should be conducted.

}, author = {Robert Felix Richard} } @mastersthesis {9395, title = {Evaluation of a 4-H youth development program in conjunction with adult night school in Knights Landing. Benefits to the Hispanic clientele}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1992}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of California, Davis}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carlos H. Soto-Alberti} } @mastersthesis {9379, title = {Expectations of current 4-H members compared to the outcomes perceived by past 4-H members in West Virginia}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1992}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine if the West Virginia 4-H program meets the expectations of its members. Data were obtained from 226 past and current members using a mailed questionnaire. Current members attached significantly less importance to the value of charting class, being a teen/junior leader, being a camp counselor, being a chief at camp, and just being a 4-H member than did past members. It was concluded that past 4-H members did benefit more in leadership experiences and activities and personal development skills than current 4-H members expect to benefit from them.

}, author = {Nikki Cavalier} } @mastersthesis {9398, title = {Facilitating change with volunteer leader boards}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1992}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Madison}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The readiness for change study, groups scoring high on Values Orientation and low on Emotional Resistance showed a tendency to be more open to change. The Readiness for Change survey was based on Howard Davis\&$\#$39; A VICTORY THEORY OF CHANGE. The sample for the study were 80 volunteer leaders from eight county 4-H leader boards and eight 4-H youth agents. All participants completed a Readiness for Change pre-and posttest. At the same time an Innovation survey was administered to board presidents and 4-H youth agents. Four of the eight counties were randomly selected to participate in the treatment, an 8 hour Vision-to- Action Workshop. Significant changes in scores for board presidents were evidenced in the areas of needs assessments, management strategies, and Vision of the Future scales. 4-H youth agents showed significant changes in Vision of the Future scores. In the Readiness for Change survey there were significant changes in Vision in Atmosphere force and Values Orientation force. However, in groups with high Values Orientation scores, no significant differences were found. In groups with low Emotional Resistance scores, a significant difference was found only in the Recruiting and Staff Availability scores. In groups with both high Values Orientation and low Emotional Resistance scores, only the Staff Availability scale showed significance.

}, author = {Kathleen Elizabeth Vos} } @mastersthesis {9376, title = {Factors related to recruitment and retention of ethnic minority youth in the Ohio 4-H program}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1992}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Joanne Bankston} } @article {7291, title = {Factors which influence participation and non-participation of ethnic minority youth in Ohio 4-H programs}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {33}, year = {1992}, month = {Spring 1992}, pages = {23-29}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to explore factors associated with participation and non-participation of ethnic minority youth in the Ohio 4-H program. The study also identified the perception of minority parents regarding their children\&$\#$39;s participation and non-participation in Ohio 4-H.

Minority youth found 4-H to be a positive experience which was meaningful, educational and kept them off the streets. Youth were most often influenced to join through a parent; a relative who served as an agent, a program assistant, or leader or friend. Youth perceived inequity of judging at the state fair and feeligns of isolation experienced at events as barriers to participation. Advertisements depicting 4-H programs did not generally include minority youth, nor wre they written so that minority audiences could understand program offerings. Parents also cited the lack of minority adult role models as a barrier to participation. Inconsistencies at judging events and inequitable treatment by other parents and leaders and the lack of interaction between minorities and whites were other barriers expressed by parents.

}, doi = {10.5032/jae.1992.01023}, author = {Jamie Cano and Joanne Bankston} } @mastersthesis {9390, title = {Handbook development and evaluations of the national 4-H wildlife habitat evaluation program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1992}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Edward L. Neilson} } @mastersthesis {9400, title = {The impact 4-H has upon the career development of Oklahoma Key Club members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1992}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Regina R. Wylie} } @mastersthesis {9386, title = {The impact of the 4-H system manager training on child care providers{\textquoteright} perceptions of quality school-age child care}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1992}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The primary purpose of this study was to determine if the 4-H system manager training program made a significant different in school-age child care (SACC) providers perceptions of quality child care. The influences of individual and facility characteristics of providers\&$\#$39; perceptions was analyzed. A mailed questionnaire was used to collect data from SACC providers in 10 North Carolina counties. Treatment group respondents, those who participated in the 4-H System Manager training, returned 138 pre and 98 posttests. Control group respondents returned 60 pre and 27 posttests. T-tests were used to analyze data. No significant differences were found between participants and nonparticipants in the 4-H System Manager Training Program. When individual characteristics were considered, a significant difference was found for educational background and child care experiences. Staff stability and salary were significant when facility characteristics were examined. When the independent variables were controlled, tenure in present position was found to have a significant difference on providers perceptions. This study supports the need for higher salaries and training for SACC providers.

}, author = {Eddie Lee Locklear} } @mastersthesis {9399, title = {The influence of clubs such as Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts, and 4-H on the willingness of ninth grade students to take higher level science courses}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1992}, school = {State University of New York, Brockport}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John R. Wallace} } @article {7456, title = {Judging team members reflection on the value of livestock, horse, meats and wool judging programs}, journal = {Professional Animal Scientist}, volume = {8}, year = {1992}, month = {March 1992}, pages = {pp. 7-13}, doi = {10.15232/S1080-7446(15)32099-4}, author = {J. S. McCann and M. A. McCann} } @mastersthesis {9396, title = {Leadership and power: A comparison of perceptions between state 4-H leaders and state 4-H specialists within the Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1992}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Wendellyn Jane Freeman Stivers} } @article {7498, title = {The learning styles of youth in nonformal agricultural education programs}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {33}, year = {1992}, month = {Spring 1992}, pages = {53-60}, author = {Timothy J. Rollins and Jan F. Scholl and Dennis C. Scanlon} } @booklet {7012, title = {Michigan Early Adolescent Survey II: 14-18 year olds and their parents: An assessment of developmental needs}, year = {1992}, author = {Joanne Keith} } @mastersthesis {9375, title = {Nebraska adolescent health survey: Adolescent stress and coping strategies survey of Nebraska 4-H youth}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1992}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Eva Burns Bachman} } @mastersthesis {9385, title = {Nutrition curriculum component for Pennsylvania 4-H dairy project}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1992}, school = {Indiana University of Pennsylvania}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kathleen J. Johns} } @mastersthesis {9381, title = {A public relations program to improve the image of 4-H}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1992}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Karla Hale} } @mastersthesis {9380, title = {Social background and attitudinal factors associated with volunteering in 4-H among adult 4-H leaders in the Southern region}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1992}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {James Timothy Flanders} } @mastersthesis {9393, title = {State Fair: Culture and agriculture in Iowa, 1854-1941}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1992}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Rutgers University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study identifies a distinctive middle western nineteenth and early twentieth century cultural institution, the Iowa State Fair. The researcher\&$\#$39;s main narrative is to show the fair\&$\#$39;s transformation from a scientific exhibition to a mass-entertainment carnival and to demonstrate how the fair created an image of Iowa\&$\#$39;s happy, prosperous farm life, primarily through its art and exhibits. The fair became a showcase for agricultural Extension and 4-H clubs. A study of Phil Stong\&$\#$39;s 1932 novel, State Fair and the film by the same title, depicted--according to the researcher--a place that still existed to a nation craving reassurance during the Great Depression.

}, author = {Chris Allen Rasmussen} } @booklet {6960, title = {Volunteers!: A study of professionals{\textquoteright} and volunteers{\textquoteright} attitudes regarding volunteer involvement in 4-H program management}, year = {1992}, author = {Grace Fujiyama Fong} } @mastersthesis {9365, title = {1991 Iowa State Fair 4-H Active Learning Center}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1991}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Julianne Orth Primmer} } @mastersthesis {9362, title = {4-H and non-4-H participants{\textquoteright} development of competency, coping and contributory life skills}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1991}, note = {

Abstract from AGRICOLA 9 of 440 dated 12/91.

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The main purpose of this study was to determine the level of life skills development of eight grade students enrolled in Ohio public schools and to determine if differences existed between the life skills development of 4-H and non 4-H participants. The secondary purpose was to determine which variables contribute to life skills development of competency, coping and other contributory skills.

}, author = {Jeffrey Paul Miller} } @mastersthesis {9346, title = {4-H instructional unit for feed identification}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1991}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Stacy Lynn Barlow} } @mastersthesis {9357, title = {4-H{\textquoteright}ers anticipated and actual Iowa State Fair life skill experience outcomes}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1991}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The objectives of this study were to determine if the stated state fair objectives for 4-H participants were consistent with perceived and actual outcomes of 4-H members exhibits. 4-H members with advanced entries in communication, livestock, clothing programs and judging contests at the 1989 Iowa State Fair were studied. A random stratified sample of 850 youth were selected and surveyed in advance and after the fair. Response rates were 79.5\% and 51.6 percent respectively. Analysis included the calculation of means, standard deviation, t-tests, analysis of variance, and posthoc Scheffe set at the .05 level. Females had a consistently higher expectation than males and to a less extent reported higher outcomes than mail. Major differences were also found by departments for both expected and actual outcomes. When contrasting anticipated outcomes and actual outcomes the actual outcomes were consistently lower.

}, author = {Debbie Johnson Hall} } @mastersthesis {9367, title = {Achieving correct fit through draping methods}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1991}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Texas Woman{\textquoteright}s University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study was designed to develop a course outline to teach 4-H members 14-17 and adult volunteer leaders (age 20+) the basic principles of draping fabric over the upper torso. The curricula was divided into three sessions: (1) draping a basic blouse with shoulder and waistline darts, (2) drafting a master pattern, (3) draping a blouse with a French dart. Data were analyzed to determine the degree of agreement among judges in assessing garment appearance and fit and in assessing the validity of the curriculum. Results revealed that the level of agreement among the judges was highly significant (p=1.001). The mean rank indicated that the participants had significant difficulty in mastering the draping of the sleeve and armhole. All areas of the curriculum received either an excellent or good rating, indicating that the curriculum was adequate for teaching purposes.

}, author = {Dolores Marie Sandmann} } @mastersthesis {9368, title = {Adult volunteerism in the 4-H program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1991}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Stout}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Karen S. Sipple} } @mastersthesis {9348, title = {Analysis of 4-H participation and leadership life skill development in Texas 4-H club members}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1991}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purposes of the study were to determine if Texas 4-H members developed leadership life skills and if this skill was related to their participation in the Texas 4-H program and if these 4-H members differed from 4-H youth. All 4-H members 13 to 19 in Texas in the spring of 1991 were considered the population. The non 4-H members were selected from a random cluster sample of 28 schools using one English/Language arts class. Major findings were: 4-H members perceived themselves as having a significantly higher level of life skills; 42\% of 4-H respondents participating in the 4-H program at an above average level, 3) a moderate relationship existed between 4-H participation and the leadership scale. A low relationship existed between 4-H participation and the life skills of: communication, working with groups, decision making and understanding self. Four-H members were significantly more active in career, subject matter, junior livestock and church youth groups and clubs than non-4-H youth. A low positive relationship existed between age and all five leadership life skill scales, and a low positive relationship existed between years of participation in 4-H and the life skills indicated above.

}, author = {Barry Lynn Boyd} } @mastersthesis {9350, title = {An analysis of Alabama 4-H member project selection and participation}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1991}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Auburn University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study focused on aspects of a process by which youth were enrolled in a 4-H educational program and by which they selected projects or subject areas of participation in Alabama.

Because of extremes in project enrollment at the time, a relatively large sample was necessary to obtain adequate data for many of the project titles. Four thousand eight hundred and six youth in 155 4-H clubs in 50 of the 67 counties were included in the study. An instrument was developed to obtain responses from youth regarding the extent of their own participation in projects in which they had expressed an interest. An instrument regarding extension agent support in each of the 45 projects in individual counties was also developed with responses from 88 agents. Data analysis included cross tabulations, chi-square tests and simple correlations between the participation of the youth and the support of extension agents. Demographic factors were also studied. Of the findings, one indicated that female members participated to a greater extent than expected and males less than expected in several projects. There also seemed to be more than expected participation among members of clubs with both male and female members.

}, author = {John Anthony Cook} } @mastersthesis {9353, title = {Analysis of Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service 4-H agents utilization of program volunteers}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1991}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The intent of the study was to analyze the 4-H agents utilization of 4-H program volunteers in Oklahoma. A list of 84 CES agents received a survey instrument; 83\% (75) responded. Based on findings, personal contact was concluded to be the most currently used and most effective technique of recruiting volunteers. Volunteers were oriented by the 4-H agents on an individual basis with some orientation occurring at special volunteer meetings. The respondents indicated that the lack of time was the most difficult constraint when recruiting volunteers.

}, author = {Frederick S. Edmonson} } @mastersthesis {9355, title = {Analysis of selected northwest Wisconsin 4-H alumni responses regarding 4-H dairy quiz bowl participation}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1991}, school = {University of Wisconsin, River Falls}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The primary purpose of the study was to assess selected personal characteristics and perceptions of 4-H alumni who participated in 4-H dairy quiz bowl contests. Data were collected by mailed questionnaire from 112 4-H alumni in Wisconsin. The results are as follows: The majority of 4-H alumni quiz bowl participants were female and maintained 4-H membership for 9 or 10 years. Most have a farm or ranch as their current home. Though few of the variables in the study were significant, it was recommended that extension administration recognize the benefits of traditional 4-H community club activities and implement policies encouraging their expanded use.

}, author = {Francis G. Ginther} } @mastersthesis {9361, title = {Attitudes and beliefs of 4-H volunteers towards matters of concern in the North Carolina Four-H program and volunteer values}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1991}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to investigate North Carolina 4-H volunteers\&$\#$39; beliefs, attitudes and values. Volunteers felt undecided about a number of issues that were basically administrative or organizational. A significant relationship was determined between 4-H volunteers\&$\#$39; beliefs and attitudes towards matters of concern, race, age and marital status. Typical volunteer values were found to center around family matters, a sense of commitment to the community, and religious beliefs.

}, author = {Heriberto Noel Martinez} } @mastersthesis {9369, title = {Commitment of 4-B (Malaysia) youth leaders towards volunteerism}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1991}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

A representative sample of 368 4-B leaders were randomly selected to see if the following variables related to commitment to volunteerism: demographic variables, attitudinal factors, motivational factors and need factors.

A Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis and semi-partial multiple regression coefficient was obtained for each variable set and a stepwise multiple regression analysis found that altruisma and attractiveness of 4-B were the best predictors of commitment.

}, author = {Turiman B. Suandi} } @mastersthesis {9354, title = {A comparative study of professionals{\textquoteright} and volunteers{\textquoteright} attitudes regarding volunteer involvement in program management: A focus on 4-H}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1991}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Hawaii}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study examined the attitudes of Extension professionals and 4-H volunteers regarding the use of volunteers to manage county-level 4-H programs. Within-group and between-group differences were studied. Seventy-seven percent of the Extension professionals (n=83) and 50\% of the 4-H leaders (n=351) who were active in Hawaii at the time of the study responded to a mailed questionnaire. Analysis of Variance, Multivariate Analysis of Variance, and the Student-Newmand-Keuls procedures were used to analyze the data. Extension agents differed when compared by type of CES position held. Human Resource/4-H professionals had a more favorable attitude toward the idea of using volunteers in program management and they rated more tasks as appropriate for volunteers than did agriculture professionals. Ranking of the importance of having particular tasks performed by volunteers also differed. Volunteers differed in their attitudes and perceptions when grouped by motives for volunteering. Those strongly other-directed had a significantly more favorable attitude about using volunteers in program management. The volunteers who were more highly self-directed perceived the greatest number of tasks to be appropriate.

}, author = {Grace Fujiyama Fong} } @article {7893, title = {Curriculum development in a time of change: A clothing and textiles case study}, year = {1991}, month = {June 1991}, pages = {5 pp.}, author = {Cynthia Jasper and Kathleen Elizabeth Vos} } @mastersthesis {9372, title = {Decision making in youth groups}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1991}, school = {California State University, Chico}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Deryl E. Waldren} } @mastersthesis {9370, title = {Educational orientation and job satisfaction: A study of extension agents and their supervisors}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1991}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study investigated the educational orientation of Michigan Extension Agents and their level of satisfaction in Extension work. These Extension agents were found to hold a moderate to strong orientation toward andragogy and pedagogy. No significant relationships were found among the demographic characteristics of age, sex, position, experience, graduate degree, prior experiences as a school teacher and educational orientations. Males tended to possess a stronger pedagogical orientation than female agents and home economics, agricultural, and marketing agents were different from 4-H youth agents in terms of andragogical orientation scores. Respondents with high andragogy scores were found to possess lower pedagogy scores, but those with high pedagogy were not found to hold low andragogy scores. Extension agents were satisfied with the content and context of their jobs. The andragogy score was\  positively related to job satisfaction. There was no significant differences in job satisfaction found related to the educational orientations of the agent and the educational orientation of their supervisor.

}, author = {Murari Prasad Suvedi} } @mastersthesis {9366, title = {Evaluation of knowledge and skills of 4-H volunteers in Tulsa County who participated in the volunteer training: "Young People as Learners"}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1991}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Charlotte Leven Richert} } @mastersthesis {9371, title = {Factors affecting agents{\textquoteright} involvement of volunteers in Cooperative Extension}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1991}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Sylvester C. (Bill) Umscheid (Jr.)} } @mastersthesis {9347, title = {Health status and sexual abuse survey of Nebraska 4-H youth}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1991}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lindy L. Bixler} } @article {7257, title = {Higher impact instructional videos}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {29}, year = {1991}, note = {

Article 1FEA4

}, month = {Spring 1991}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1991spring/a4.php}, author = {Susan Jane Barkman} } @mastersthesis {9345, title = {The impact of exhibiting 4-H animal projects as perceived by selected participants, parents and extension in Mississippi}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1991}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Joe Porter Baker Jr.} } @inbook {6800, title = {In-service training for Costa Rican 4-S professionals}, booktitle = {Summaries of Research in Agriculture Education}, year = {1991}, note = {abstract}, pages = {82}, abstract = {The purpose of this project was to improve the utilization of high school Central American Peach Scholars students after they returned from 10 months of study in the U.S. Their host families in the U.S. were all 4-H families and were in 4-H activities to give them ideas to take back to their country. A needs assessment team from National 4-H Council in 1990 interviewed 20 professionals selected by USAID. In 1991, a team of trainers from National 4-H Council returned to San Jose to evaluate the program and to provide follow-up training. Evaluation documented increases in skills, knowledge and attitudes among the trainees and an imporvement in the utilization of the students upon their return to Costa Rica.}, author = {D. Kerchis and R. Weathers and A. Etling} } @mastersthesis {9363, title = {Leaders guide to the 4-H Holstein steer production project}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1991}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University, Harrisburg}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Zoann Parker} } @booklet {7052, title = {Linking 4-H youth development programs with adolescent development theory: A review of literature}, year = {1991}, author = {Jeffrey P. Miller} } @mastersthesis {9374, title = {Managerial and marketing strategies and techniques of non-profit residential camps}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1991}, school = {Southern Connecticut State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Diane Marie Wishart} } @mastersthesis {9356, title = {Needs assessment of 4-H Cloverbud leaders -- 1991}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1991}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Stout}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lisa K. Gross} } @mastersthesis {9349, title = {Perceptions of junior high and senior high school educators in Greene County regarding the educational impacts of 4-H}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1991}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Demetra Cloar Brundige} } @mastersthesis {9360, title = {The perceptions of Minnesota County Extension agents on the criteria for judging their qualities of excellence}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1991}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Minnesota}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study addressed the question of what qualities identified the agents from their own perspective. A Q-sort technique was adopted as agents identified and ranked criteria for selecting agents considered to be of the highest quality.

The entire population of county agents in North Carolina were surveyed, providing between 39 and 55 percent response rates. The 34 criteria involved personality (14), general-professional (7) and extension-specific attributes. Agents placed a high value on attributes that described the interpersonal nature of their job and on skills associated with communication, teaching and knowing their clientele. Agents tended to consider their professional organization activity, personal continuing education, personal appearance or involvement in community development to have a limited association with their job responsibility and/or performance.

Male and female agents differed little in their perceptions on the importance of given criteria. Agents of home economics viewed certain extension specific attributes to be of more importance and certain personality attributes as less important than other agents. The reverse tended to be true for 4-H agents. Perceptions of agriculture agents tended to fall in between. There were no distinctive patterns for general professional attributes.

}, author = {Piying Liu} } @mastersthesis {9364, title = {The perceptions of Minnesota county extension agents on the criteria for judging their qualities of excellence}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1991}, school = {University of Minnesota}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study addressed the question of what qualities identified the agents from their own perspective. A Q-sort technique was adopted as agents identified and ranked criteria for selecting agents considered to be of the highest quality.

The entire population of county agents in North Carolina were surveyed, providing between 39 and 55 percent response rates. The 34 criteria involved personality (14), general-professional (7) and extension-specific attributes. Agents placed a high value on attributes that described the interpersonal nature of their job and on skills associated with communication, teaching and knowing their clientele. Agents tended to consider their professional organization activity, personal continuing education, personal appearance or involvement in community development to have a limited association with their job responsibility and/or performance.

Male and female agents differed little in their perceptions on the importance of given criteria. Agents of home economics viewed certain extension specific attributes to be of more importance and certain personality attributes as less important than other agents. The reverse tended to be true for 4-H agents. Perceptions of agriculture agents tended to fall in between. There were no distinctive patterns for general professional attributes.

}, author = {L. Pi Ying} } @mastersthesis {9373, title = {Perceptions of the 1980 extension program in Texas by 1862 extension personnel and suggestions for improving the Cooperative Extension relationships between the two extension organizations in Texas}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1991}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Linda Williams-Willis} } @mastersthesis {9351, title = {Perceptions of Washington State 4-H leaders regarding project materials and training}, volume = {M.A.C.E.}, year = {1991}, note = {

Master Adult and Continuing Education

}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ronda D. Cordill} } @booklet {7177, title = {A professional research and knowledge taxonomy for youth development: Communication, 1990-91}, year = {1991}, author = {Rebecca S. Thompson} } @booklet {7178, title = {A professional research and knowledge taxonomy for youth development: Educational design, 1990-91}, year = {1991}, author = {Rebecca S. Thompson} } @booklet {7179, title = {A professional research and knowledge taxonomy for youth development: Youth program management}, year = {1991}, author = {Rebecca S. Thompson} } @booklet {7096, title = {Promoting youth development: Strengthening the role of youth serving and community organizations}, year = {1991}, author = {K. Pittman} } @mastersthesis {9359, title = {The relationship between critical thinking skills and 4-H judging activity success among Nebraska 4-H program participants}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1991}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Susan J. Kowalski} } @mastersthesis {9358, title = {The structure underlying extension agents{\textquoteright} educational program decisions}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1991}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study examined the decision-making process used by Pennsylvania Extension agents to implement educational programs. The study used Ajzen\&$\#$39;s Theory of Planned Behavior (1985, 1987) to confirm the presence of a multidimensional influence. Five external variables on program influences were also evaluated. Regression analysis revealed the importance attached to the four influence components to be a function of an agents\&$\#$39; gender, administrative role, years of experience and/or region of employment. Concerning these four variables, females were more likely than males to be influenced by the behavioral outcomes associated with implementing an educational program. Females also placed more importance on the availability of organization resources than did males. Agents in an administrative role were less likely to be influenced in their decisions by the social normative expectations of significant others. They placed more importance on the availability of organizational resources than nonadministrators. Extension agents from counties further in distance from the university also tended to place more importance on the availability of organization resources. Agents with more longevity in the Extension organization placed less importance on the availability of organizational resources when deciding to implement educational programs.

}, author = {Lee Frank Hamilton} } @mastersthesis {9352, title = {Use of the full value contract in 4-H challenge programs to improve self-concept}, volume = {M.A.C.E.}, year = {1991}, note = {

Master Adult and Continuing Education

}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Catherine Elizabeth Day} } @booklet {6934, title = {The value of 4-H according to parents of 4-H club members in Somerset County, NJ}, year = {1991}, author = {Keith George Diem} } @booklet {7203, title = {Value of Washington State 4-H fair}, year = {1991}, pages = {3 pp.}, author = {Washington State CES} } @article {7765, title = {1990 4-H communications audit: Executive summary}, year = {1990}, pages = {10 pp. and survey}, author = {Thomas J. Stevenin} } @article {7764, title = {1990 Communications Audit}, year = {1990}, institution = {Marketing Resources, Inc.}, address = {Overland Park, KS}, author = {T. M. Stevenin} } @conference {7914, title = {4-H experiences contributing to leadership and personal development of 4-H alumni}, booktitle = {NAE4-H Proceedings}, year = {1990}, address = {University Park, PA}, author = {Rama B. Radhakrishna and Megan E. Sinasky} } @mastersthesis {9327, title = {An assessment of the professional competencies needed by 4-S teachers/advisors in Costa Rica}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1990}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Juan Caliva} } @mastersthesis {9341, title = {An assessment of youth development/community service programs from Iowa public school superintendents{\textquoteright} perspective}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1990}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Four hundred and thirty-three Iowa public school superintendents were surveyed related to the degree of participation in selected youth programs, their perceptions of which youth programs would be the most beneficial, and their recommendation of at least one existing program which was especially effective. It was concluded that beyond youth organizations such as scouting, 4-H, and sports, youth participation in community service programs was at a moderately low level. Those most desirable in light of unmet needs were: parent education, drug abuse prevention, family crisis counseling, peers helping/peer tutoring and individual crisis counseling. Data from the survey were submitted to human services personnel, policy makers and community service personnel to assist in the determination of future public policy.

}, author = {Charles Ronald Sallade} } @article {7887, title = {Barriers to youth-at-risk programming}, year = {1990}, pages = {7 pp.}, author = {Gary Wayne Gerhard and Roger Alan Rennekamp} } @mastersthesis {9330, title = {Characteristics associated with the level of 4-H club enrollment in the Alabama Cooperative Extension System}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1990}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study described characteristics associated with the level of 4-H club enrollment in Alabama. This was a descriptive correlational study which determined the extent to which relationships existed between the percentage of the county\&$\#$39;s youth population enrolled in the 4-H program and county demographics, 4-H program factors, characteristics of Extension agents, and characteristics of 4-H members. Sixty-seven county Extension coordinators (n=67) and the Alabama 4-H statistical summaries for 1988-89, population projections for Alabama counties, and the 1980 population census. The 1988-89 4-H enrollment data were used as the basis for calculating the enrollment level and the percentage of the county\&$\#$39;s youth population (9-19 years of age). The youth population was 722,056. The 10-14 age group represented 50\% of the youth population and 89\% of the 4-H enrollment. The 15-19 age group represented 50\% of the population and 11\% of the 4-H participation. The highest percentage of 4-H enrollment was in rural counties. Ten percent of the youth population (10-19 years of age) held membership in 4-H. Fifty percent of the variance in 4-H enrollment level was explained by the linear relationship with factors: type of county (urban or rural), the number of 4-H television programs, 4-H judging events, economics status of families (percent of the families below the poverty level) and participation in 4-H achievement programs.

}, author = {Annette Mitchell Ellis} } @mastersthesis {9343, title = {Communicating a change in structure for the Wisconsin 4-H program}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1990}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Patricia A. Wagner} } @mastersthesis {9337, title = {A comparison of volunteer leaders in 4-H with volunteer leaders in related urban youth group}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1990}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Arizona}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

A comparative study was performed to identify personal characteristics and motivation of volunteer leaders from two youth groups: 4-H and Campfire. Data analysis was based on the responses obtained from 64 volunteer leaders. The characteristics investigated included: expected period of service, support and encouragement, time spent on volunteer activities, satisfaction from service rendered, enrollment of volunteer leaders children, place of residence, length of residence, educational level, employment status, age, gender and ethnicity. Affiliation, achievement and power motivation were also assessed. Most of the personal characteristics investigated were determined to be similar among the two groups. Both 4-H and Campfire volunteer leaders were highly achievement and affiliation motivated.

}, author = {Laksman Premanath} } @mastersthesis {9332, title = {Computer applications and computer technology transfer by Mississippi Extension personnel: An evaluation of involvement, competencies and training}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1990}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study was used to determine the involvement of Mississippi Cooperative Extension personnel in computer applications and computer technology transfer and to determine the training needs and responsibility perceptions of MCES personnel. This descriptive study used a mailed questionnaire to gather data. Administrators, agricultural agents, home economists, 4-H agents, secretaries and specialist were surveyed. The population size was 476. With stratified sampling 343 questionnaires were mailed and an 86\% response rate resulted. Most MCES personnel indicated they used a computer 6 hours each week--one of the hours spent in software experimentation. An average of 13 interactions per month with other personnel and or clientele on computer interactions. Most respondents (93\%) had access to at least one MS-DOS (IBM compatible) computer. The most frequently listed audience for technology transfer efforts was \"farmers\". Other audiences listed were: youth and volunteers, business and industry, homemakers, change agents, government officials, the unemployed and schools. Most respondents indicated that they looked to administration for support in keeping current with computer technology.

}, author = {Donald Zinn Goode Jr.} } @mastersthesis {9329, title = {Design and evaluation of a contemporary 4-H clothing project}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1990}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Elaine Brown Dietz} } @mastersthesis {9334, title = {The effectiveness of the beginning scholars program in attracting high ability students to the College of Agriculture and home economics}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1990}, school = {University of Arkansas}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Melissa K. Lester} } @article {7393, title = {Effects of spousal satisfaction and selected career factors on job satisfaction of extension agents}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {31}, year = {1990}, month = {Fall 1990}, pages = {31-37}, doi = {10.5032/jae.1990.03031}, author = {Michael Hebert and Joe W. Kotrlik} } @mastersthesis {9326, title = {An evaluation of the impact of a contemporary 4-H clothing project on fashion and consumer awareness in the junior high school}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1990}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Elaine T. Brown} } @mastersthesis {9336, title = {An evaluation of the national 4-H executive development institute}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1990}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study measured changes in 29 behaviors related to the objectives of the National 4-H Executive Development Institute as reported by the Institute participants. The population consisted of Extension professionals selected by their states and a national selection committee. The purpose of the institute was to prepare these professionals for assuming chief executive leadership roles in state 4-H programs. The institute was held over a two year period and included five intensive six day group sessions, held approximately 6 months apart. Questionnaires for this study were distributed by mail to the participants 10 months after the final session. Forty-seven participants (85\%) returned completed questionnaires along with 40 supervisors (73\%) and forty-five colleagues (80\%). Participants reported significant changes for the 29 behavior and constituents validated that they had observed all but five behaviors to exist at the same level as reported by the participants.

The greatest behavioral changes related to the Institute session on Politics, Policy and Extension.

}, author = {John Mark Pettitt} } @mastersthesis {9324, title = {Factors related to successful participation by older youth in 4-H clubs in Ohio using the Expectancy Valence Model of Human Motivation}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1990}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Melissa Lynn Beaver} } @inbook {6789, title = {How youth find out about 4-H and why they join}, booktitle = {Summary of Research in Extension}, volume = {5}, year = {1990}, note = {abstract}, pages = {75}, author = {Keith George Diem} } @mastersthesis {9335, title = {Institutional constraints affecting county extension agents in Arizona}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1990}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Arizona}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to determine the extension agent\&$\#$39;s perceptions of institutional constraints to the performance of their duties within the Arizona Cooperative Extension System. The population of the study was 66 county extension agents. Considerable variation was observed among respondents in their perceptions of the severity of the constraints. Important findings included that: 4-H agents perceived constraints that were more severe than agricultural or home economics agents and those with more than 5 years of service perceived more constraints in the area of personnel evaluation than agents with five years or less service.

}, author = {Ratnayake Mudiyanselage Nandasiri} } @proceedings {6862, title = {Intergenerational occupational mobility: Effects of aspirations and parental status on occupational attainments of college graduates in agriculture}, year = {1990}, abstract = {A study of agriculture students enrolled in a college or school of agriculture at a southern land-grant institution. Agriculture, particularly farming has traditionally been marked by intergenerational transfer of occupational status through various stages, begining with a youth{\textquoteright}s entry into the 4-H program and/or enrollment in high school vocational agriculture courses.}, author = {Rebecca S. Myrick and John E. Dunkelberger} } @mastersthesis {9338, title = {International programming delivered by county 4-H professionals}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1990}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kimberly K. Reaman} } @mastersthesis {9340, title = {Motives, incentives and disincentives of older adult volunteers in youth development and other youth organizations}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1990}, school = {University of North Carolina}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Shirley B. Rouse} } @mastersthesis {9325, title = {New Mexico State 4-H Youth Leadership Project: Relationships between elements of leadership participation and self-esteem}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1990}, school = {New Mexico State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Laurie L. Blackwell} } @mastersthesis {9344, title = {Organizational mechanisms for clientele input into decision making of the Cooperative Extension Service as perceived by the clientele}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1990}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Michael Anthony Warnakulasooriya} } @booklet {6969, title = {Perceived influences on youth in swine projects}, year = {1990}, abstract = {This was a study of influences on participation in swine projects, improvement of skills in swine production, needs for information on swine, and life skills improvement. A mailed questionnaire assessing perceptions of influences was sent to two hundred randomly selected Iowa 4-H{\textquoteright}ers with swine projects; return rate was 56\%. A family farm operation and the opportunity to make money wre very strong influences on participation. Perceived improvemens in swine productions were in selling pigs and visual assessment of quality and weight. The highest needs for more information were: producing animals with certain carcass or grain characteristics, and using approved drugs to promote faster growing animals. Respondents perceived that their participation in swine projects helped them improve the following life skills: feeling better about themselves, making better decisions, increasing communication skills, developing leadership skills and coping with changes.}, author = {Julia Andrew Gamon} } @booklet {6950, title = {A professional research and knowledge taxonomy for youth development: Volunteerism}, year = {1990}, author = {Sandra L. Facinoli} } @mastersthesis {9331, title = {The relationship between marketing activities, promotional methods and county 4-H club membership in North Carolina}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1990}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mary Elizabeth Fanning} } @mastersthesis {9333, title = {Relationship of temperament type to retention of 4-H membership in Saunders, Sarpy and Lancaster Counties, Nebraska}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1990}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kevin K. Kock} } @mastersthesis {9342, title = {A study of the health care concerns and experiences of professional county extension personnel of the Mississippi Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1990}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study examined health care concerns and experiences of Mississippi county extension staff. One hundred and fifty-nine respondents were selected from 203 Extension professionals in 1989. Data were collected using the Educator Health Care Assessment Instrument (1988) and were analyzed using descriptive measures, frequency distributions, one-way analysis of variance, regression and discriminant analysis Findings showed six leading health care problems experienced by the respondents were: job stress, fatigue, colds, respiratory problems, headaches and personal stress. Five major reasons for absence from work because of health care problems were: major surgery, childbirth, maternity/paternity needs, personal stress and colds. Health care problems of major and minor surgery, job stress, depression, insomnia and colds were more prevalent among extension 4-H youth agents than among Extension home economics or Extension agricultural agents. The extension 4-H youth agents also missed more days, especially for childbirth and were more concerned about fatigue and insomnia than were the extension agricultural agents and extension home economics agents. The respondents missed an average of 10.57 workdays per year.

}, author = {Igusti Ketut Swastika} } @mastersthesis {9328, title = {A study of the motivation to volunteer in the 4-H program of Cooperative Extension in Massachusetts}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1990}, note = {

Modified NAL abstracts

}, school = {University of Massachusetts}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The problem addressed in this study was the limited available knowledge of why people volunteer. An instrument was developed which would be useful in subsequent research among volunteers. Eighty-seven questions pertaining to potential reasons for volunteering were developed giving a range of seven responses from \"not a reason\" to \"

extremely important reason.\" Demographic questions were added. The instrument was mailed to 453 Massachusetts volunteers; yielding a 76\% response rate. The theory was found to be operationally useful. The reasons for volunteering were found to cluster in groups corresponding to values. (The factor analysis revealed that individuals responded to questions regarding motivation in accordance with individually held values.) Additional research was recommended to include exploration of differences among motivation factors.

}, author = {Otis Freeman Curtis IV} } @mastersthesis {9339, title = {A text development process to improve the comprehensibility of educational text}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1990}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study investigated a systematic process for improving the understanding or comprehensibility of the educational publications produced by the Cooperative Extension Service. A model of a publication development process based on learning principles was created. This study investigated the effectiveness of the model with Extension subject-matter specialists developing publications for 4-H youth. Specifically, this study was conducted in three parts: the model of the text-development process was taught to subject matter specialists; the specialists in turn used the model to develop educational texts for 4-H youth; and finally comprehensibility testing of the text passages produced by the specialists with 4-H youth members and adult leaders was conducted. This study confirmed that the utilization of learning principles within the text-development process can improve the comprehensibility of subject matter information presented in Extension educational publications.

}, author = {Penny Risdon} } @mastersthesis {9318, title = {4-H EFNEP volunteer involvement: A case study of a Cooperative Extension effort to involve short-term, Four-H EFNEP helpers in on-going, independent 4-H volunteer leadership roles}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1989}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study examined a program designed to involve short-term introductory Cooperative Extension (4-H EFNEP) volunteers in on-going independent 4-H volunteer leadership roles. The study identified factors that facilitated and impeded on-going participation among a group of predominately limited resource women. Program contexts, volunteers\&$\#$39; socio-demographic and personal characteristics, organizational involvement strategies used, reported outcomes and barriers reported by the paraprofessionals working with the volunteers. A mix of qualitative and quantitative methods were used within the context of a four-phased exploratory case study. Structured and unstructured interviews, reviews of program documents and logs, site visits and questionnaires were used to collect data. Volunteers with a high school degree were most likely to make the transition to on-going volunteer leadership roles. No other volunteer socio-demographic or personal characteristic was significantly linked to transition. Implementation factors and volunteer outcomes were more important in explaining the likelihood of transition: content of training, institutional support for an introductory experience, institutional support for 4-H exposure, positive feelings during the 4-H EFNEP meetings, and the belief that 4-H EFNEP experience had resulted in new connections of people and information. Forty-four percent of the variation in transition outcome could be explained by the institutional support for the 4-H exposure; another 14\% was explained by the belief that 4-H EFNEP experience resulted in new connections of people and information.

}, author = {Kathleen Sullivan Tajeu} } @booklet {6912, title = {Analysis of 4-H participation and leadership life skill development in Texas 4-H club members}, year = {1989}, author = {Barry Lynn Boyd} } @mastersthesis {9313, title = {An analysis of staffing patterns and their effect on programs as perceived by 4-H agents in Virginia}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1989}, school = {University of Maryland, College Park}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study was mentioned in the January 1989 issue of Research Summaries in Agricultural Education. It is not known whether or not the student completed the study. The citation indicates that the student was working with R. J. Seibel.

}, author = {Yvette G. Robinson} } @mastersthesis {9297, title = {Characteristics of national recognized leaders who were members of 4-H}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1989}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jayne McBurney Cubilla} } @mastersthesis {9320, title = {Characteristics related to retention and dropout of teenage 4-H youth in Oklahoma}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1989}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Nancy Lynn Thomason} } @mastersthesis {9319, title = {A comparative study of agent, teenage member and state 4-H staff perceptions of teen leadership tasks in the Georgia 4-H program}, volume = {M.A.Ext.}, year = {1989}, note = {

Master of Agriculture Extension degree

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Clyde Wesley Taylor} } @mastersthesis {9298, title = {Competencies and pre-service training in light horse subject matter received by Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service 4-H agents and their relationship to educational programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1989}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Robin Janette Edwards} } @booklet {7198, title = {Competition in 4-H}, year = {1989}, pages = {26 pp. and summary}, author = {USDA ES} } @article {7805, title = {Contemporary youth and 4-H: Test of a study design}, year = {1989}, pages = {2 pp.}, author = {USDA ES} } @mastersthesis {9303, title = {Design of a workshop to train PSU faculty as international consultants in youth development}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1989}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Janbaz Khan} } @mastersthesis {9293, title = {Determining staff development needs of field-based 4-H professionals in Pennsylvania: A professional paper in extension education}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1989}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine areas of professional competence in which field-based 4-H professionals in Pennsylvania needed additional training. A questionnaire, based on 25 professional competencies derived from the 4-H Professional Research and Knowledge Taxonomy (4-H PRK) and two skills relating to \"youth at risk,\" was mailed to all county-based 4-H professionals in Pennsylvania. Respondents perceived themselves as least skilled in dealing with legal concerns of volunteers. In general, competence in those skills relating to youth issues programming was perceived as lower than other skills. Respondents felt that skills relating to youth issues programming were important to their professional responsibilities as 4-H agents. Some differences were found within six demographic variables when respondents\&$\#$39; perceptions of the importance of \"youth at risk\" skills were examined. The majority of respondents (52.3\%) identified regional in-service training as the one method they believed would be most appropriate to learn needed skills.

}, author = {Patrick J. Carroll} } @mastersthesis {9299, title = {Development of a curriculum model for planning life skills for 4-H young people}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1989}, school = {Boston University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study covers the development of a model for curriculum planning for youth development programs in non-formal educating programs. The development was identified with life skills (understanding self, communicating and relating with others, problem solving and decision-making, using information, managing, and working with others). It identified guidelines for developing the model. As a base for planning youth development programs it includes: mission and philosophy; life skills as outcomes; developmental levels; characteristics, needs, and tasks for youth; and description of an enabling structure. A review by 4-H professional staff indicated it to be appropriate for 4-H.

}, author = {Virginia Claire Gobeli} } @mastersthesis {9291, title = {The effect of inserted questions requiring overt responses on learning a complex procedural skill through instructional video}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1989}, school = {Indiana University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Susan Jane Barkman} } @mastersthesis {9315, title = {The effectiveness of the food and nutrition 4-H project in improving dietary practices and food consumption patterns of high school students in Louisiana}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1989}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The primary purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the foods and nutrition project in Louisiana. This project area traditionally enrolls about one-fourth of the total membership. A second purpose was to identify personal and household demographic characteristics that may influence dietary practices and food consumption patterns.

Telephone interviews were conducted by Extension home economists with a random sample of 277 4-H foods and nutrition project members 278 non 4-H members. Findings indicated that the 4-H foods and nutrition program appears to be making a positive impact on 4-H project members\&$\#$39; dietary practices and food consumption patterns. Mean scores were significantly higher for 4-H members than for non-4-H youth. the greatest impact on dietary practices measured appears to be in the areas of planning and preparing meals and grocery shopping. Eating a variety of foods, consuming more foods high in vitamins A and C and less foods high in fat, sugar and salt than do non-4-H\&$\#$39;ers. Recommendations included the expansion of program efforts to reach greater numbers of both 4-H and non-4-H youth.

}, author = {Saralene Brandon Seals} } @mastersthesis {9322, title = {Environmental attitudes of participants in the Oklahoma 4-H Philmont Outdoor Adventure Program}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1989}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to determine if differences existed in the environmental attitudes of current and past participants in the Oklahoma 4-H Philmont Outdoor Adventure program. The Millward-Ginter Outdoor Attitude Inventory was the instrument utilized to pre and post-test subjects on overall outdoor attitude and specific attitudes toward environment, socialization, education and pollution. Sixty-eight youth and 26 adults were surveyed. Findings showed that demographics characteristics did differ in the participation of the subjects, the age of the subject and the family income of the male subjects. Participants had a positive attitude toward the outdoors both at the entry and completion of the experience. Adults had a more positive attitude toward the outdoors than the youth. First-time participants pretest socialization attitude was not as positive as that of returning and non-returning participants. Positive attitudes were strengthened, but the change was not found to be statistically significant.

}, author = {Patricia Ann McNally Trotter} } @mastersthesis {9290, title = {Ethical issues and perceptions of importance and frequency by adult educators in the Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1989}, note = {

Abstract 12 out of 440 in AGRICOLA, entered 12/91.

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study examines 27 ethical value dilemmas utilizing a self-report questionnaire to identify (1) the perceived importance of ethical issues in selected dilemmas, and (2) the frequency with which the ethical issues have been experienced. Rest\&$\#$39;s Four Component Model (1981) posits four psychological processes are necessary conditions for moral behavior. This study is limited to Component I concerning the ability to recognize moral problems as they arise. The faculty of the Minnesota Extension Service including 4-H agents, administrators and specialists comprised the subjects (N=526) for the study. Procedures for data analysis used descriptive statistics and univariate tests for analysis of variance (ANOVA).

}, author = {Shirley Lake Barber} } @mastersthesis {9317, title = {An evaluation of community-based organizations serving children and youth at risk in the Eden area of Alameda County}, volume = {M.P.A.}, year = {1989}, note = {

M.P.A., a Nonprofit Organization Management degree

}, school = {University of San Francisco}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Gail Steele} } @booklet {6979, title = {Extracurricular activities of youth in Lancaster County}, year = {1989}, author = {Patricia A. Gordon} } @mastersthesis {9301, title = {Factors associated with adult 4-H volunteers{\textquoteright} evaluation of life skills development among participants in the Kentucky 4-H program}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1989}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Through a mail questionnaire 394 4-H volunteers evaluated the level of influence 4-H participation had on each of 45 life skills and rated the life skills for the value each had for achieving success in life. Results were computed using the t-test to determine differences in mean evaluation scores by a number of personal, situational, and social/psychological factors. Pearson\&$\#$39;s Product-Moment coefficient of correlation and partial correlation coefficients were also used to test for selected relationships. Stepwise multiple regression was used to develop predictive models of respondents\&$\#$39; evaluations of the impact of the 4-H program on life skill development. Findings indicated that adult 4-H volunteers place a high value on the life skills addressed by the 4-H program and indicate that 4-H programs are effective in life skill development among program participants. Satisfaction with the job as an adult 4-H volunteer and the value one places on life skills for success in life are the factors that are associated with volunteers\&$\#$39; evaluation of the 4-H program relative to program participants\&$\#$39; acquisition of life skills.

}, author = {David Carroll Jeffiers} } @mastersthesis {9321, title = {Factors associated with volunteering in 4-H: Difference between rural and urban school teachers}, volume = {M.A.Ext}, year = {1989}, note = {

Master of Agriculture Extension degree

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Philip Rosser Torrance} } @mastersthesis {9309, title = {Factors related to student participation in senior high school 4-H clubs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1989}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {David Leonard Pichon} } @booklet {7078, title = {A feasibility study for Missouri 4-H foundation}, year = {1989}, note = {described as a report}, pages = {approx. 90 pp.}, author = {Nike Whitcomb Associates, Inc.} } @booklet {7023, title = {Final report of the Cooperative Extension system youth curriculum development task force}, year = {1989}, pages = {6 pp.}, author = {Joseph Kurth and others} } @mastersthesis {9295, title = {Funding the Montana 4-H program}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1989}, note = {

Not sure whether the student completed his/her paper. Cited in Research Summaries in Agriculture Education, January 1989, p. 127.

}, school = {Montana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {J. F. Connor} } @booklet {7105, title = {The influence of Swedish 4-H farm camps on attitudes of urban Swedish children about farmers and farming}, howpublished = {Summaries of Research in Agricultural Education}, volume = {134}, year = {1989}, abstract = {Not sure study was published. Cited as research in progress.}, author = {Jerry H. Reyburn} } @mastersthesis {9294, title = {Leadership effectiveness of county extension directors: A comparison of perceptions between county extension agents and county extension directors within the North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1989}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to compare extension agent perceptions of the leadership effectiveness of their County Extension Director (CED) to self-perceptions made by the CED in order to determine the effects certain variables have on CED leadership. Findings: No significant differences were found in the perceptions of CED leadership effectiveness were perceived by county extension agents and their directors within the North Carolina Extension Service. CEDs having attended the Extension Executive Development Institute had leadership effectiveness equal to CEDs who had not attended, individuals who had held a CED position for 10 years or less had leadership effectiveness ratings equal to those who had held a CED position from 11 to 31 years. CEDs who held 4-H, home economics or community and rural development agent positions before becoming a CED had leadership effectiveness equal to those CEDS who held agricultural positions before becoming a CED, CEDs located in counties where staff members exhibited low levels of teamwork had leadership effectiveness ratings lower than CEDs located in counties where staff members exhibited high levels of teamwork. There was no difference in CED leadership effectiveness ratings due to the level of staff performance.

}, author = {Donald Wayne Cobb} } @mastersthesis {9304, title = {A needs assessment of Wisconsin 4-H dairy leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1989}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study provides challenges to the 4-H dairy program and its leadership development. The study identified training and material needs of 4-H leaders. It also determined the leader\&$\#$39;s knowledge of 4-H youth dairy opportunities and why leaders are involved in the program. The leaders are receptive to training and desire information for creative methods to reach 4-H members.

}, author = {Sandra Ann Kracht} } @booklet {7161, title = {Partners for action: The roles of key volunteers}, year = {1989}, pages = {435 pp.}, author = {Sara M. Steele and others} } @mastersthesis {9306, title = {Perceived effectiveness of fund raising methods utilized by county 4-H programs in Oklahoma}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1989}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Roger Paul Moore} } @mastersthesis {9296, title = {Perceptions of county agents and 4-H leaders toward fund-raising activities by the Montana 4-H Foundation}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1989}, school = {Montana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {J. F. Connor} } @mastersthesis {9292, title = {Perceptions of the agriculture secondary school students toward the effectiveness of the 4-S program in Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1989}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Juan Caliva} } @proceedings {6872, title = {Personal factors associated with volunteering in 4-H among middle school teachers}, year = {1989}, month = {October 1989}, address = {Washington, DC}, author = {Frederick Richard Rohs and G. B. Lee} } @booklet {6952, title = {A professional research and knowledge taxonomy for youth development: Youth Development}, year = {1989}, author = {Sandra L. Facinoli} } @booklet {6951, title = {A professional research and knowledge taxonomy for youth development: Communication}, year = {1989}, author = {Sandra L. Facinoli} } @mastersthesis {9289, title = {Quality of life indicators: Adolescents{\textquoteright} perceptions}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1989}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Texas Woman{\textquoteright}s University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study was identified adolescents\&$\#$39; perceptions of quality of life indicators and to examined the affect of selected demographic characteristics on indicator selection. In the summer of 1988, a two-part instrument was administered to 190 Arkansas teens who participated in one of four state summer 4-H activities. The instrument collected demographics in Part I and Part 2 was a Q-sort of 61 quality of life indicators which the respondent sorted into one of seven stacks according to what they personally felt gave their lives the most quality. SAS linear models (GLM) procedure for unbalanced ANOVA and the means separation test were used in data analysis. Findings of the study indicate that individual characteristics do influence what adolescents\&$\#$39; perceive gives their life quality. Sex, race, place of residents and parent\&$\#$39;s marital status affect quality of life indicator selection by 4-H adolescents. Social/psychological and personal areas gave their lives the most quality.

}, author = {Darlene Zeh Baker} } @mastersthesis {9302, title = {Readability of mass mailing written material produced at the county level of the Alabama Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1989}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The objective of the study was to ascertain the readability of mass mailing written material produced in Alabama counties. A mailed questionnaire to 100 randomly selected county agents was used with a 98\% response rate. The readability was assessed using the Fry Readability Graph. Descriptive statistics and correlation coefficients were calculated. Stepwise multiple regression was set at the .05 level. Findings indicated that the respondents spent about 6 hours a week writing educational materials for Extension clientele. Forty-two percent had taken no college writing course; 45\% had taken only one college writing course. Agricultural material was written at a readability level of one grade above home economics materials. Two-thirds of the agents wrote for adult audiences with an average readability of 10th grade or higher, which is above the reading level of the average adult in the U.S. Three-fourths of the agents wrote for adult audience with an average readability of 8th grade or higher, while 75\% of Alabama 4-H members are in grades 4-7. Readability grade level of the material tended to increase with educational attainment and with increase in communications in-services attended. The level decreased as agents spent more time writing for Extension clientele. Males who wrote only agricultural materials, tended to write materials at a higher readability level than females, who wrote only home economics materials. Conclusions indicate that Extension materials are being written at levels too high for intended audiences.

}, author = {Earl Crawford Johnson} } @mastersthesis {9307, title = {Relationships between 4-H youth leadership involvement and self-esteem}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1989}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This study investigated the belief that 4-H youth leadership involvement improves self-esteem. Eight hundred sixty-eight youth received the survey; 402 responded; yielding a 46\% response rate. 4-H believes that leaders help build self-esteem by involving youth in planning, implementing, and evaluating activities. Self-esteem was correlated with each of the abovementioned components of involvement. A significant relationship (r=.162 p\<.01) and evaluating the activity which youth perceived as most helpful in developing leadership skills (r=.223 p\<.001). No significant relationship was found between self-esteem and involvement in planning activity (r=.124 p\>.05). Forty-three percent of the youth reported frequent involvement in planning the activity, 63\% reported frequent involvement in implementing the activity, and 52\% reported frequent involvement in evaluating the activity. Ninety percent of the youth reported that they get along with their leaders.

}, author = {Dawn Marie Mueller} } @mastersthesis {9314, title = {The role of the land-grant institution in responding to youth at risk issues as perceived by selected university and Cooperative Extension faculty, staff and administrators of Oklahoma State University.}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1989}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine how faculty, staff and administrators perceive their university responding to contemporary youth related problems. During the spring of 1989, 107 individuals completed telephone interviews which included university administrators and regents, campus faculty and staff, CES administrators and 4-H staff. Interviews gathered both quantitative and qualitative data through forced-choice open-ended and scaled questions. Of the 107 individuals selected for the study, 107 participated in the interviews. All groups agreed that teen pregnancy and substance abuse were the two most serious problems facing Oklahoma youth. University administration were in agreement that additional research would be the most appropriate action to address youth at risk issues, while Extension administration and staff felt developing coalitions would be most appropriate.

All felt that developing instructional programs to be appropriate. Private foundations and the federal government were perceived to be the most likely sources of funds for \"youth at risk\" programs. Lack of funding and personal commitment were perceived to be the two biggest challenges. Non-Extension groups were aware of the 4-H program, but only 75 percent were aware of Extension\&$\#$39;s \"youth at risk\" initiatives.

}, author = {James Andrew Rutledge} } @mastersthesis {9288, title = {The role of volunteer leaders in the Cooperative Extension 4-H youth development program in selected counties in Iowa}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1989}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Michael Jackson Akpan} } @article {6990, title = {Staffing model for state 4-H youth development for the future}, year = {1989}, pages = {approx. 12 pp.}, author = {James R. Helt} } @mastersthesis {9323, title = {A study of the allocation of county extension agents by geographic and disciplinary areas within Cooperative Extension}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1989}, note = {

Modified NAL and PRK abstracts

}, school = {University of Idaho}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Budgetary reduction and new education program initiatives required that county extension staffing patterns be changed in Washington state. A multivariate multiple regression analysis indicated that there was an overall significant relationship between the principal components of the general population and agricultural activity and FTEs. Agricultural FTEs were significant related with positive coefficients with the two principal components. The family living and 4-H youth equation coefficients were significantly different than the ANR regression equations. The number of FTEs in family living and 4-H youth program areas was positively related to the general population, but negatively related to agricultural activity. There was no significant difference between family living and 4-H equations. A cluster analysis, using principal components placed counties into five categories. The model was shown to be useful for administrators making staff allocations. Multi-county and area agent specialties were also examined.

}, author = {Milton Anthony Wright} } @mastersthesis {9312, title = {A study on the motivations and characteristics of mature (age 50 and older) 4-H volunteer advisors in Ohio}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1989}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jeanette Kay Rea} } @mastersthesis {9311, title = {A study to determine the effects of 4-H attributed family stress on the family}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1989}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Deborah A. [Dietrich] Price} } @mastersthesis {9308, title = {Taking the lead in leadership: Relationship between 4-H youth leadership involvement and self esteem}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1989}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Dawn Marie Mueller} } @mastersthesis {9310, title = {Volunteer management training for extension/4-H professionals}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1989}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kelly S. Preble} } @mastersthesis {9305, title = {Volunteer youth programs: 4-H and youth at risk}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1989}, school = {University of Idaho}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sonya S. Leavitt} } @mastersthesis {9316, title = {Work motivational factors associated with the job performance of county extension agents in Ohio}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1989}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Toledo}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine what motivational factors were associated with the job performance of county extension agents in Ohio. Herzberg\&$\#$39;s Motivation-Hygiene theory was the basis of this descriptive correlational study. Data were gathered in February 1989 by a mailed questionnaire. Job performance scores were collected from central administration. The population consisted of all county extension agents in Ohio (n=184); 176 (95.6\% response rate). Findings suggested that the sample was well balanced by program area and gender and the average length of service was 11.3 years. More than half of the agents were high performers. Overall the 4-H youth development agents had lower job performance scores than the agricultural and home economics agents. Agents were motivated both by intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors. Among other factors, agents desired the potential for personal challenge and development. In the relationship between work motivational factors and job performance, significant differences were found among the major program areas and the gender of the agent.

}, author = {Marilyn R. Spiegel} } @article {7789, title = {4-H advisory committee survey}, year = {1988}, pages = {10 pp.}, author = {University of Maryland} } @article {7804, title = {4-H alumni}, year = {1988}, pages = {2 pp.}, author = {USDA ES} } @booklet {6983, title = {4-H Image study}, year = {1988}, month = {December 14, 1988}, pages = {31 pp.}, author = {Mary Hartman} } @article {7885, title = {4-H in the inner city of Detroit}, year = {1988}, author = {J. Fitzpatrick and W. Mills and M. Wimbush} } @booklet {6901, title = {4-H leader perception of support by club members{\textquoteright} parents}, year = {1988}, author = {Judith S. Baillere and Sara Crane} } @mastersthesis {9276, title = {4-H members, parents, leaders and agents perceptions of 4-H competitive events in three urban central Oklahoma counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1988}, note = {

Year of Study may be 1989

}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

During April 1988, a questionnaire was mailed to a group of 330 parents, leaders and agents in Canadian, Cleveland and Oklahoma counties. Fifty randomly sampled 4-H members from each of the counties, 50 randomly sampled parents from two counties and 37 from the third county. The group responded to a five part survey. The data indicated that all respondents felt that competitive events were valuable. There was a consensus that competitive events help members in their everyday lives. They provide additional information for members\&$\#$39; projects and encourage younger members to take part in new projects. There was little difference of opinion among responding groups concerning present practices of conducting competitive events for 4-H members. Comments noted that some of the events needed revision.

}, author = {Rebecca Lynn Larkin} } @booklet {7038, title = {4-H volunteerism (volunteer recruitment and training), FY 1987 Impact Study}, year = {1988}, pages = {91 pp. and instrument}, author = {Diana Lugo de Martinez} } @booklet {7170, title = {4-H youth programming with Alaska{\textquoteright}s multicultural youth audiences a report prepared for the Cooperative Extension Service}, year = {1988}, author = {Susan W. Halbert} } @booklet {6986, title = {4hprk: Youth Development: a professional research and knowledge taxonomy for youth development}, year = {1988}, author = {Kthleen C. Hayes and Sandra L. Facinoli} } @booklet {7064, title = {Assessing the impact of on former members in North Carolina: Impact study}, year = {1988}, pages = {58 pp., includes survey questionnaire}, abstract = {A random sample of 836 adult alumni were studied to identify community-related activities in which they are currently engaged. 47\% reported that they had belonged to other youth organizations. Souces most helpful in their project work were: adult leaders, family members, county Extension staff, project materials, club meetings, junior leaders and references. Alumni of 4-H felt their experiences contributed (more than alumni of other organizations) to personal development, leadership skills, ability to communicate and setting goals. Fifty-six percent left program while still eligible.}, author = {R. David Mustain} } @mastersthesis {9282, title = {A comparative study of agent and teenage member perceptions of leadership tasks in the Georgia 4-H program}, volume = {M.A.Ext.}, year = {1988}, note = {

Master of Agriculture Extension degree

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Roger Coleman Ryles Jr.} } @mastersthesis {9274, title = {A comparison of leadership attributes of senior high 4-H club members and non-4-H club members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1988}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kenneth Joseph Guidry} } @booklet {6894, title = {Competition and youth research based implications for 4-H}, year = {1988}, author = {J Allen and T. Iyechad and others} } @mastersthesis {9284, title = {Development of life skills of 4-H club members in Louisiana}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1988}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of competency, coping and contributory life skills as perceived by 4-H club members in Louisiana. Two parishes from each of the nine LCES areas, were randomly selected to participate in the study. Data were collected from junior and senior high school 4-H club members in Louisiana. Two parishes from each of the nine LCES areas, were randomly selected to participate in the study. Data were collected from junior and senior high school 4-H club members during the spring of 1988. The 60-item Life Skill Development (LSD) instrument contains three major skills to measure self perceived development of the major 4-H life skill areas (competency, coping, and contributory), and nine sub-scales representing the 4-H program objectives (health, learning, career dev., resource management, self-confidence, cooperation, leisure, leadership, and citizenship). The results indicated that 4-H members agreed that, generally, they have acquired the life skills contained in the 4-H objectives. Non-junior leadership club members were more advanced in overall life skill development and competency and coping life development. Female 4-H members were more advanced in development of competency and coping life skills than males. Seniors were more advanced in overall life skill, competency, and contributory life skill development. 4-H members with more years enrolled in 4-H were more advanced in contributory life skill development. 4-H members that indicated more years in the junior leadership program were more advanced in contributory life skill development.

}, author = {Bruce G. Waguespack} } @booklet {6904, title = {Ethical value dilemmas of 4-H professionals in the cooperative extension system}, year = {1988}, author = {Shirley Lake Barber} } @mastersthesis {9283, title = {An evaluation of training materials for county 4-H councils}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1988}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This study focuses on county 4-H council training materials developed by Kentucky 4-H. The purpose is to make recommendations for maintaining or strengthening the content of the training materials against training objectives. An analysis of the training material content identified three categories: objectives, topics, and sub-topics. An audit of the materials determined that all sub-topic and topic content categories supported a training objective. Two survey instruments were developed to measure the response of training participants to content ideas presented in two sessions. The study indicates response of participants of perceptions of change in understanding of content ideas resulting from training and recommendations made.

}, author = {Arlene Kay Shew} } @article {7875, title = {Experiential education and legal justification for Cooperative Extension, 4-H (historical study)}, year = {1988}, pages = {11 pp.}, author = {V. Milton Boyce} } @mastersthesis {9270, title = {Factors affecting 4-H professionals making significant changes in their volunteer programs}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1988}, school = {University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, address = {Urbana-Champaign, IL}, abstract = {

This research explores \"the relationships between change in the 4-H professional\&$\#$39;s perceived functionality of the volunteers\&$\#$39; role behavior, perceived change in the volunteers\&$\#$39; job satisfaction, related learning activities, and other variables identified as potentially facilitating or limiting 4-H professionals making significant changes in their volunteer programs.\" A randomly selected sample of 624 4-H professionals were surveyed by questionnaire of which 73.7\% responded. Six conclusions are listed along with implications of the study.

}, author = {Gerald Gilbert Gast} } @mastersthesis {9271, title = {Factors associated with mastery of the 4-H professional research and knowledge base by extension agents, 4-H in Ohio}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1988}, note = {

Modified NAL and PRK abstracts

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to explore within the population of Extension Agents, 4-H, the effects of fourteen critical events in their academic, professional and personal lives related to knowledge acquisition, and to determine the best predictors of overall mastery from those events. All 66 Extension Agents, 4-H of the Ohio Cooperative Extension Service submitted 4H PRK Mastery Tests and background information sheets. Reviews of transcripts and employment records were completed to obtain historical data. Performance was similar on all sub-tests except volunteerism, where the agents displayed significantly greater proficiency. Analysis identified cumulative post-secondary grade point average as the only significant variable loading on 4H PRK.

}, author = {Gary Wayne Gerhard} } @proceedings {6836, title = {Factors influencing the decline in enrollment of junior high 4-H members}, year = {1988}, address = {St. Louis, MO}, author = {Michael F. Burnett and Rick M. Louque} } @mastersthesis {9263, title = {Factors relating to the retention of older teens in Tennessee 4-H}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1988}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {William Alan Bruhin} } @mastersthesis {9285, title = {Factors which influence retention of first-year 4-H leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1988}, school = {Montana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Terry Lawrence Wolfe} } @article {7928, title = {Findings relative to 4-H: The Gallup Study of Public Awareness and Image of Voluntary Youth agencies}, year = {1988}, note = {

Part of study of youth organizations, similar to 1974 study

}, pages = {approx. 20 pp.}, author = {USDA and Gallup Organization} } @mastersthesis {9275, title = {A follow-up evaluation of "Nutrition in Action": A videotaped course for 4-H leader education}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1988}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Judith Lynn Hall} } @mastersthesis {9273, title = {Host families{\textquoteright} perceptions of the Tennessee 4-H/LABO exchange program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1988}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Teresa Ann Goddard} } @mastersthesis {9265, title = {Identification and comparison of factors influencing Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service agents to remain in the profession}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1988}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Charles Bryan Cox} } @article {7802, title = {The impact of volunteers in Extension 4-H programs}, year = {1988}, note = {One of a series of reports from Volunteer study 1983-87 University of Wisconsin}, pages = {8 pp.}, author = {USDA ES} } @mastersthesis {9269, title = {Influence of the 4-H incentive system on the development and retention of 4-H members}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1988}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Sheila Harris Forbes} } @booklet {6981, title = {Kansas 4-H impact study: 1983-1987}, year = {1988}, author = {G. S. Hanna} } @conference {7869, title = {Leadership practiced by Rhode Island 4-H alumni compared with other adults and related to experiences as 4-H youth}, booktitle = {1988 NAE4-HA Conference Abstracts}, year = {1988}, author = {J. Whitney Bancroft} } @mastersthesis {9266, title = {Marie Samuella Cromer Seigler (4-H Clubs of America, South Carolina)}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1988}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of South Carolina}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

In 1910, Marie Cromer, organized a girls\&$\#$39; tomato club in Aiken County, South Carolina. The membership was 47 girls who each planted one tenth acre of tomatoes. These tomatoes were canned and sold for profit. In three years, the tomato clubs grew into an organization covering the entire south and serving 30,000 girls. These clubs united with the boys\&$\#$39; corn clubs and became 4-H clubs of American. The historical study concluded that Marie Cromer Seigler was an originator of the 4-H clubs of America.

}, author = {Margaret Anne Dickert} } @mastersthesis {9267, title = {Microcomputers and 4-H volunteer leaders: A study to determine attitudes, experiences and self-perceived training needs of Pennsylvania 4-H volunteer leaders with regard to microcomputer use in traditional 4-H programs}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1988}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine the attitudes, experience and self-perceived training needs of Pennsylvania\&$\#$39;s 4-H volunteer leaders with regard to microcomputer use in 4-H. The study also investigated volunteer leaders\&$\#$39; receptivity to potential uses for the microcomputer in four traditional program areas: animal sciences, plant and crop science, food nutrition and clothing and textiles. A cluster sampling from 15 randomly selected PA counties and a random sample of 357 volunteer leaders was drawn from the 1,271 in the initial sample. Data were collected via a mailed questionnaire from 195 leaders, yielding a return rate of 55 percent. Respondents were found to be limited in their microcomputer experiences but not entirely unexposed to microcomputer use. The leaders were not adverse to using computers to help them manage their 4-H leadership responsibility and to instruct 4H\&$\#$39;ers. They would attend training if it were offered in the form of extension workshops. Those leaders with prior microcomputer experiences held more positive attitudes than did those leaders without experience. Ag science leaders saw recordkeeping as the most important application for their clubs, closely followed by CAI applications. Food and nutrition leaders saw CAI as most important. Clothing and textile leaders found communications as having the most potential for use in their clubs.

}, author = {M. K. Doebler} } @mastersthesis {9272, title = {New 4-H leader training need as perceived by 4-H leaders and agents}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1988}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Byron H. Ginther} } @article {7428, title = {Ohio 4-H agents{\textquoteright} and volunteer leaders{\textquoteright} perceptions of the volunteer leadership development program}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {29}, year = {1988}, month = {Spring 1988}, pages = {55-63}, abstract = {Also published in Journal of the American Association of Teacher Educators in Agriculture, 29(2), 55-62.}, doi = {10.5032/jaatea.1988.02055}, author = {Joseph Ajedi Kwarteng and Keith Lloyd Smith and Larry E. Miller} } @mastersthesis {9268, title = {Perceived factors affecting the success of a 4-H range management program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1988}, school = {University of Wyoming}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Valarie K. Dyer} } @mastersthesis {9277, title = {Personal factors associated with volunteering in 4-H among school teachers in Crisp County, Georgia}, volume = {M.A.Ext.}, year = {1988}, note = {

Master Agriculture Extension degree

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {George Brinson Lee} } @mastersthesis {9286, title = {Profile of West Virginia national 4-H awards program participants from 1967-1980}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1988}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of 4-H educational activities on West Virginia participants in the National 4-H Awards program from 1967-1980. Usefulness of skills/knowledge acquired by participants and impact of participation on occupational status and personal lives of awards winners were studied. Information was obtained from 286 state winners in the National 4-H awards program. The statistical procedures used for analyzing data were number and percent distributions, chi-square, analysis of variance and forward selection regression. Participants perception of the importance of knowledge/skills acquired were not influenced by gender except in the home economics/health and the natural resources/plant science areas. As educational levels increased, perceived importance of knowledge/skills acquired in home economics/health, natural resources/plant science and safety/mechanical sciences decreased. This was also true in the home economics/health areas with respect to participants personal lives. Perceptions of usefulness of leadership experiences increased as educational levels increased. Personal development experiences were perceived to be less useful in personal lives as participant\&$\#$39;s educational level increased. Perceptions of usefulness of knowledge/skills learned were not related to year participant was selected as a state winner, the area in which the state title was won, whether the participant was a national winner, nor years of membership. Gender and age upon initial enrollment and continued membership were independent of persons who influenced the decision to enroll and remain in 4-H. Being a club officer did not influence perceptions of usefulness of knowledge/skills acquired in 4-H in participants\&$\#$39; occupation or personal lives. Having been a junior/teen leader positively influenced perceptions of the value of knowledge acquired in the Communications program area in current jobs of participants. Personal development experiences were positively in participants\&$\#$39; personal lives.

}, author = {Jean Marie Woloshuk} } @mastersthesis {9278, title = {A qualitative investigation of adolescent Ohio 4-H members{\textquoteright} perceptions of encouragers and barriers to participation in 4-H}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1988}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to explore the factors that influenced adolescent participation in 4-H. 4-H members 14 to 19 years of age from four Ohio counties, participated in a focus group interview. The major benefits of the 4-H program were: learning skills, good sportsmanship, and responsibility. Family and peers were influential in the decision to stay in or drop out. The major barrier to continuing to be a 4-H member were the other activities. Unchallenging 4-H projects were perceived as a barrier to participation. Competition, teaching younger members and parental involvement, were found to be both barrier and encourager, depending on the perception of the individual member.

}, author = {Elizabeth M. Little} } @mastersthesis {9264, title = {The relationship of selected student and teacher characteristics with competency in agricultural mechanics}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1988}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to ascertain how specific student and teacher characteristics correlated to student performance on a competency-based agricultural mechanics achievement test. Sophomore agricultural students in Missouri who enrolled in the course, \"Agricultural Science II\" made up the population for the study. The sample was randomly selected and was comprised of 469 students from 41 schools. Students were administered a 125 item multiple choice examination at the close of the school year. Spearman Rho and\  Stepwise regression was used in the analysis. A significant relationship was found to exist between student test performance and student characteristics of class ranking, student gender, average grade in agricultural science, mathematics completed, 4-H tractor project involvement and 4-H electricity project involvement and accumulative agricultural mechanics skills used outside of schools. The study concluded that students who apply learned agricultural mechanic skills outside of school are likely to perform better on a skill-related achievement test. The teacher\&$\#$39;s educational level, years of experience or in-service training involvement has little or no influence on student performance.

}, author = {Richard James Brzozowski} } @mastersthesis {9279, title = {A study on the development of an orientation program for the Pennsylvania International 4-H Youth Exchange (IFYE) program}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1988}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Wairimu Muniu} } @mastersthesis {9281, title = {Suggested content areas for the national 4-H Executive Development Institute: Results of a modified Delphi technique study}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1988}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John Mark Pettitt} } @mastersthesis {9280, title = {A woody vegetational study of Rock Eagle 4-H Center}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1988}, school = {Georgia College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Tina Marie Perkins} } @booklet {7033, title = {4-H: A partnership that points the way (Justification for public funding of 4-H)}, year = {1987}, author = {Anne C. Lewis} } @article {7455, title = {4-H contributes to farm success: Study explores long-term impact}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {25}, year = {1987}, pages = {10-12}, abstract = {

Data from a statewide questionnaire survey of Kentucky farmers (n=2,004) wre used to ananlyze the long-term impacts of participation in the 4-H. Results revealed that 27\% were 4-H members as youth, with the average membership of 4.5 years. Ninety \% of former members rated their 4-H experience as worthwhile. Those who were members also had more education, higher farm sales, higher farm incomes and are more likely to use innovative farm techniques than those who were not 4-H members.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1987spring/a3.php}, author = {Richard C. Maurer and Janet L. Bokemeier} } @booklet {7173, title = {A 4-H EFNEP effort to involve youth from low income families in 4-H via volunteer leadership: The New York State 4-H EFNEP special project final evaluation report}, year = {1987}, author = {Kathleen S. Tajeu} } @mastersthesis {9245, title = {4-H leader{\textquoteright}s guide for clothing activities}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1987}, school = {California Polytechnic State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Janice O. Harwood} } @booklet {6961, title = {4-H program{\textquoteright}s impact in participants{\textquoteright} financial planning and management (FMP)}, year = {1987}, author = {Laverne Forest and Barry Roberts} } @conference {7925, title = {Adult assessments of social learning experiences during adolescent participation in 4-H and other youth programs}, booktitle = {Southern Rural Sociological Association}, year = {1987}, month = {February 1-4, 1987}, address = {Nashville, TN}, abstract = {To examine the impact of 4-H participation, the USDA Extension Service funded a national telephone survey in the fall of 1985 from a randomly selected sample of 710 former 4-H members, 743 members of other youth organizations and 309 nonmembers. Data were weighted to adjust for population differences, yielding a sample of 16,177. Overall, 4-H membership had a high, positive image when compared with other youth programs. However, difficulty in acquiring new members, inability to retain members into their late teens and the view that opportunities for leadership are limited. Especially valued were contacts with people, club meetings and project competitions. Participants in all programs rated the opportunity to develop skills, particularly communicative and cooperative skills and make contributions to their organization/programs. All wanted more leadership opportunities.}, author = {John K. Thomas and Howard W. Ladewig} } @mastersthesis {9251, title = {Adventure project for the Wisconsin 4-H Naturespace Curriculum}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1987}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Theodore S. May} } @booklet {7216, title = {An analysis: The complex financial and public administration relationships of Extension Service and 4-H programs}, howpublished = {Sabbatical leave study}, year = {1987}, author = {Luella Zamzow} } @mastersthesis {9248, title = {Assessing the educational training needs of volunteer 4-H leaders in Indiana}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1987}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to assess the educational training needs of volunteer 4-H leaders in Indiana. A questionnaire was completed by 243 Indiana volunteer 4-H leaders that attended the 1986 Indiana 4-H leaders conference. The results of the survey showed that volunteer 4-H leaders do want and need training. Leaders attending the conference expected to improve their leadership abilities and to acquire new activities to implement in their local 4-H clubs. This study also reveals that volunteer 4-H leaders recognize that young people are to learn through their involvement in 4-H, but they do not recognize their responsibility to teach at 4-H club meetings.

}, author = {Karen Sue Lowry} } @booklet {7027, title = {Assessing the impact of 4-H on former members: The 4-H alumni study}, year = {1987}, note = {Other reports may have been published in 1985}, author = {Howard W. Ladewig and John K. Thomas} } @article {7659, title = {Assessment of 4-H in-school programs in Nevada}, year = {1987}, pages = {135}, abstract = {It is not known if this study was published. It was in a section of research in progress.}, author = {L. Haskell and R. Norris and R. Waters} } @article {7539, title = {Attitudes toward competition in a youth organization}, journal = {Journal of the American Association of Teacher Educations in Agriculture}, volume = {29}, year = {1987}, note = {ERIC EJ 371 513; Peer reviewed}, month = {Summer 1988}, pages = {40-48}, author = {Keith Lloyd Smith and Christy Collins} } @article {7891, title = {County 4-H teen programming: Implications from the statewide impact study}, year = {1987}, author = {Anne L. Heinsohn and M. Joy Cantrell} } @booklet {6984, title = {Delphi technique progress report: Developing a national 4-H youth development research agenda}, year = {1987}, author = {Shirley Welch Hastings} } @booklet {7026, title = {Does 4-H make a difference? 4-H alumni study}, year = {1987}, note = {

Part of 4-H alumni study

}, month = {1987}, pages = {8 pages}, publisher = {Texas A\&M University System}, url = {https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED282682}, author = {Howard W. Ladewig} } @mastersthesis {9244, title = {The effect of a 4-H school enrichment program with third and sixth grade pupils}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1987}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mark William Goodson} } @booklet {7002, title = {An evaluation of 4-H home economics contest}, year = {1987}, author = {Jill Jank} } @mastersthesis {9241, title = {An evaluation of "Nutrition in Action," a multimedia nutrition education course for 4-H leader training}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1987}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lorri G. Fishman} } @mastersthesis {9249, title = {Evaluation of the junior leader organization in southwestern Indiana}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1987}, school = {Western Kentucky University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Amy Manning} } @mastersthesis {9230, title = {An evaluation of the Washington State Northwest District 4-H Camp}, volume = {M.A.C.E.}, year = {1987}, note = {

Master Adult and Continuing Education

}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Nancy Lynn Ahson} } @mastersthesis {9256, title = {An examination of 4-H youths{\textquoteright} needs and interests, and implications for state conference}, volume = {M.A.C.E.}, year = {1987}, note = {

Master Adult and Continuing Education

}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to determine the needs and interests of teens in 4-H and whether State Conference is meeting those needs and interests, then develop recommendations that incorporate this information. The findings indicate that 4-Hers are very interested in issues of male/female relationships, drugs and alcohol, teen/parent relations, child abuse, nuclear war and crime. Respondents were asked to rank 3 activities in order of their interest and involvement: 1) 4-H projects, 2) county and state fairs, 3) conferences. The majority rated projects first, fairs second and conferences third. However, those who had attended Conference before tended to rank it higher. Of those who had attended Conference, 90\% said it was a good experiment although a number said the cost of conference was a problem. Twenty-four percent of those respondents who had never attended Conference but were aware of it said that the cost of Conference was a deterrent to their attendance. Recommendations are made regarding State Conference (cost, marketing, and programming), 4-H in general (record books and educational programming), and needs further study.

}, author = {Tarri Lou Rude} } @mastersthesis {9253, title = {An examination of the Lackawanna County 4-H and Family Ski Club to evaluate the effect of family recreation on family relations}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1987}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {William G. Pencek} } @mastersthesis {9252, title = {Factors associated with the decision of first-year 4-H advisors to discontinue after one year of service}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1987}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to test a model of suggested factors related to the decision of first-year 4-H advisors to drop out of volunteer programs. A mailed questionnaire was distributed to selected 4-H advisors in Ohio who were classified as active or non-active for a second year of service as of 1985. Chi square of t-test comparisons were run between groups, and a stepwise discriminant analysis was performed to ascertain the best predictor of the dependent variable, turnover. The best predictors were: 1. commitment, 2. expected to do but did not affect, 3. expectations-overall evaluation, 4. satisfaction, 5. situational/climate, 6. No idea would do-affect, 7. First experience at 4-H, as they accounted for 40 percent of the variance in turnover.

}, author = {Kenneth Eugene Milliser Jr.} } @mastersthesis {9258, title = {Factors influencing clothing project completion among 4-H youth}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1987}, school = {Louisiana Tech University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Diana Hawthorne Scott} } @mastersthesis {9247, title = {Factors influencing the decline in enrollment in junior high 4-H club members in Lafourche Parish, Louisiana}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1987}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Rick M. Louque} } @mastersthesis {9236, title = {Get fired up: A model for developing in-school 4-H programs}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1987}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Clemson University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

A model was developed that could be used for program development and tested using the 4-H safety project at Clemson University. Fire safety was the area chosen and the Get Fired Up program was the result. A pilot test was conducted in 13 classes from across South Carolina.

An experimental design research project, based on the\  pretest-posttest control group described by Campbell and Stanley. Forty-one classes participated in the study. Analysis of the data indicated the\  Get Fired Up had a significant effect on students\&$\#$39; knowledge and practices concerning fire safety. Principals, teachers and county agents who were also asked to evaluate the program agreed.

}, author = {Jack Wayne Davis} } @mastersthesis {9254, title = {Graphic communication element preferences among 4-H youth}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1987}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Maria Reyna F. Quisumbing} } @booklet {7214, title = {The impact of 4-H key leaders in Colorado 1986: An evaluation report}, year = {1987}, author = {Phyllis Eileen Worden and E. Fisher} } @mastersthesis {9257, title = {Impact of youth program membership on youth program life skills development, youth program experiences, adult community participation and personal characteristics related to 4-H volunteerism}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1987}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study was a part of a nationwide effort, The 4-H Alumni Study (Ladewig and Thomas, 1987) to investigate variables that influence 4-H alumni to become 4-H leaders. A telephone survey was developed to measure respondent perceptions of their 4-H and other youth experience. A path model was developed for 4-H alumni, non 4-H alumni, 4-H alumni belonging to no other youth organization and alumni who belonged to both 4-H and another youth organization. Findings: 4-H and other youth programs are effective means of developing contributing responsible adult members of a community, being a club officer or committee member develops youth life skills. Attending youth program club meetings and participating in a community service project develops competency and contributory life skills. Those 4-H alumni who developed youth life skills tended to enter the program at an earlier age and have a longer period of membership. 4-H program experiences developed competency life skills while sources of 4-H project information tended to develop contributory and social life skills. Those

4-H alumni who developed competency life skills tended to participate in community organizations as an adult. Those

4-H alumni who developed coping and contributory life skills tended to use the services of the Cooperative Extension Service. Interaction with a county Extension agent is a critical variable in the development of interpersonal and social life skills in 4-H youth.

}, author = {Edward Frederick Schlutt Jr.} } @mastersthesis {9250, title = {Job satisfaction of 4-H agents of the Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1987}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Terrence S. Marshall} } @mastersthesis {9233, title = {Job satisfaction/dissatisfaction of county Cooperative Extension 4-H agents in Oklahoma}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1987}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The objective of the study was to identify perceived job satisfaction/dissatisfaction of 116 (100\%) of the county 4-H agents in Oklahoma based upon selected criteria. A four point Likert scale of categories was used. The analysis indicated that 4-H agents were generally satisfied in their present position. Three areas of dissatisfaction were identified: salary, assignments not related to their job and dissatisfaction with administration.

}, author = {Rick Lee Black} } @booklet {6958, title = {Knowledge of nutrition: An EFNEP 4-H evaluation in Nebraska}, year = {1987}, author = {R. J. Florell and H. Kohn and Glen Krohn} } @mastersthesis {9242, title = {The Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service: A descriptive history of its origin and development}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1987}, note = {

Two volumes
Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The dissertation studied the conditions which brought the Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service into existence in 1914 and which has sustained it for 70 years. Primary data for the study was obtained through in-depth interviews with past and present employees of LCES and from original CES documents. 4-H club work was represented in the study.

}, author = {Edwin Clark Forrest Jr.} } @mastersthesis {9246, title = {Media use and public image of Blount County{\textquoteright}s 4-H program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1987}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Amy Hastings} } @mastersthesis {9239, title = {Member and parent perceptions of the 4-H program on the developmental tasks of young members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1987}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jennifer Lynn Dodrill} } @mastersthesis {9231, title = {Motivation and recognition systems for the adult 4-H volunteer leaders in Washington State}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1987}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {G. Margaret Baker-Stevens} } @mastersthesis {9235, title = {Perceptions of 4-H organizational leaders concerning the influence of a leader job description as a component of leader development}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1987}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ronald John Cormier} } @mastersthesis {9232, title = {Perceptions of who should perform selected 4-H tasks in Montana}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1987}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Montana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This study identified perceptions of 4-H program assistants, county agents, and 4-H leaders regarding who should perform selected tasks. Data were collected from 14 county agents, 13 program assistants and 310 leaders in the 14 counties of Montana having program assistants. Findings indicate differences in perceptions of program assistants, county agents, and 4-H leaders regarding who should perform the majority of the selected tasks to meet the needs of the 4-H program in Montana. There was not always a clear understanding of who should perform the selected tasks; county agents and program assistants saw themselves as performing but not having primary responsibility for many of the same tasks. Recommendations should increase communication as to the responsibilities and job descriptions for all concerned.

}, author = {David Laurits Bertlesen} } @mastersthesis {9240, title = {Preteen 4-H leadership project teaching and learning packets - building blocks for living}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1987}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Anna Mae Edwards} } @article {7623, title = {A profile of program development efforts}, year = {1987}, pages = {102 pp.}, abstract = {The purpsoe of this Extension Service funded special needs project were to: 1) determine perceptions of competencies needed by 4-H youth professionals in program development, and 2) to identify program development models currently used by 4-H and determine common components in successful implementation of the program development process. Questionnaires were mailed to 333 Extension staff development officers, state 4-H specialists and program development staff. Surveys were also sent to a random sample of 349 county 4-H staff. A major finding is that perceptions of state staff and county staff often differ as to the importance of survey items, county staff ability to perform them and training needs to improve their performance. Six program development models were selected to be included in the study.}, author = {D. L. Cheatham and Charles W. Sappington} } @booklet {7104, title = {Programs that work with non-traditional 4-H audiences}, year = {1987}, pages = {52 pp.}, author = {H. Revell (Jr. )} } @mastersthesis {9260, title = {A proposal: development of 4-H meats project materials}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1987}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Christina Lee States} } @mastersthesis {9255, title = {The relationship between selected antecedent characteristics and the perceived educational needs of extension agents with 4-H youth development responsibilities}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1987}, note = {

Abstract from 10 out of 440 AGRICOLA records 12/91, deleted some words so it was modified from that source.

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purposes of the study were to develop a nationally generalizable profile of Cooperative Extension agents who devote time to 4-H. Characteristics examined include highest academic degree, academic major, years of service, role perception, percent of time devoted to 4-H, primary responsibility, previous 4-H membership and Extension work history. Hierarchical procedures of multiple linear regression were used to examine the degree to which each of the characteristics examined accounted for variance in perceived importance and educational need in 25 key skills in 4-H youth development education. Recommendations based on the findings are presented.

}, author = {Roger Alan Rennekamp} } @mastersthesis {9238, title = {The relationship of marketing activities and promotional methods used with county 4-H club membership in New Jersey and Ohio}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1987}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

A mailed questionnaire developed by the researcher was used to collect data regarding promotional methods and marketing activities used by 107 county 4-H programs in New Jersey and Ohio. Information was also gathered from US Census Reports and Cooperative Extension Statistical Reports. Descriptive statistics regarding the frequency and type of promotional methods and marketing activities used are presented. No significant relationships were found between degree of use of promotional methods and degree of use marketing activities with 4-H club membership. Percent of a county\&$\#$39;s population living in urban areas was found to be the single best prediction of percent of potential youth served by 4-H clubs, explaining 61\% of the variance.

}, author = {Keith George Diem} } @mastersthesis {9234, title = {Relationships between Tennessee 4-H extension agents{\textquoteright} opinions about awards and their use of recognition in county 4-H programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1987}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Janet E. Cordell} } @mastersthesis {9259, title = {Review of Indiana 4-H delivery model}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1987}, school = {Ball State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Margaret R. Silver} } @booklet {7136, title = {Review of Indiana 4-H delivery model}, year = {1987}, author = {Margaret R. Silver} } @booklet {7204, title = {A review of theory and research found in selected experiential education, life skill development and 4-H program impacts literature}, year = {1987}, pages = {71 pp.}, author = {David E. Weatherford and Carol G. Weatherford} } @mastersthesis {9237, title = {San Luis Obispo County 4-H entry forms}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1987}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Tammy Davis} } @article {7329, title = {Skills and competencies in 4-H curriculum materials}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {35}, year = {1987}, note = {

Article 2FEA1

}, month = {April 1997}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1997april/a1.php}, author = {Gwenneth Western El Sawi and M. F. Smith} } @booklet {7070, title = {Summary of findings from the National 4-H Council marketing audit: National 4-H council educational aids and 4-H leader magazine questionnaire}, year = {1987}, pages = {28 pp. includes survey}, author = {National 4-H Council} } @booklet {7223, title = {Synthesis and taxonomy of the research base for 4-H youth development education: final report, phase I}, year = {1987} } @mastersthesis {9261, title = {Training needs of organizational leaders as perceived by Florida extension 4-H agents and organizational leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1987}, school = {Florida State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Janet Melvin Thigpen} } @mastersthesis {9243, title = {Using counseling skills to manage 4-H volunteers}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1987}, school = {Southern Illinois University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Connie K. Frederking} } @mastersthesis {9262, title = {Value of 4-H membership as perceived by Arizona 4-H alumni}, volume = {M.A.E.}, year = {1987}, note = {

Masters of Agricultural Education

}, school = {University of Arizona, Tucson}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to determine the value of 4-H membership as perceived by Arizona 4-H alumni. One hundred and forty-one former members whose names and addresses were available to the state 4-H office were sent a mailed questionnaire.

The results showed that 4-H alumni were exposed to life skill, knowledge and attitude areas in accordance with the 4-H mission in Arizona. These alumni perceived that their 4-H membership had a positive impact on their adult lives and was of value. Leadership was perceived as the most valuable area learned, followed by self-confidence and human relations. Youth leadership and public speaking were perceived as the projects that had the greatest impact on adult life. Sex and length of membership did not influence the perceptions of the usefulness of 4-H membership.

}, author = {Nydeye Mama Toure} } @booklet {7128, title = {What 4-H members learn in animal science projects: An evaluation report}, year = {1987}, month = {September 1987}, pages = {29 pp.}, abstract = {A stratified sample design was used to insure that all 36 Oregon counties were represented by age and project. Seventy six percent of the questionnaires (845) were returned from all counties, with nearly equal proportions of respondednts from each age group and project area. When asked to list "the two most important things you{\textquoteright}ve learned in 4-H members gave life skill responses about as many times as they gave animal science responses. Seniors were more likely to list a life skill as most important. Experience levels continue to rise with 4-H participation, particularly in the life skills, with the largest gains noted for leadership development and communication skills.}, author = {Barbara J. Sawer} } @booklet {7181, title = {What 4-H members like and dislike about their clubs}, year = {1987}, author = {Carolyn Travers and M. F. Smith} } @booklet {6939, title = {Youth development education: Models to enhance cooperative Extension staffing}, year = {1987}, pages = {28 pp.}, author = {ECOP} } @mastersthesis {9217, title = {4-H as a model for change: A case study of 4-S in Santa Batarina, Brazil}, volume = {M.A.L.S.}, year = {1986}, note = {

Degree as designated

}, school = {Mary Washington College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Thomas D. McGarry} } @mastersthesis {9205, title = {A 4-H leader{\textquoteright}s manual: Environmental education}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1986}, school = {Humboldt State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mary F. Danno} } @booklet {7087, title = {4-H teen leadership development in Nebraska}, year = {1986}, author = {John D. Orr and V. Gobeli} } @mastersthesis {9209, title = {4-H volunteer leaders handbook}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1986}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Leeann Jeffreys} } @article {7884, title = {4-H Volunteer Training - Who Needs It}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {24}, year = {1986}, abstract = {

A questionnaire survey of 1,533 volunteer 4-H leaders in central and western PA shows widespread desire for training programs. Length of service did not affect desire for training in most areas.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1986fall/a4.php}, author = {Mary Jo Cook and Nancy Ellen Kiernan and Harold R. Ott} } @mastersthesis {9215, title = {An analysis of job characteristics, leadership, teamwork, and job satisfaction in the Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1986}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Sue K. Gunkel Kruse} } @mastersthesis {9222, title = {An analysis of selected variables related to student program choice and student performance in Mississippi public junior college agriculture programs}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1986}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Thad O. Owens (Jr. )} } @booklet {7025, title = {Assessing the impact of 4-H on former members}, year = {1986}, author = {Howard W. Ladewig} } @article {7576, title = {The blue ribbon: An American way of life}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {24}, year = {1986}, note = {

Article 3FEA1

}, month = {Fall 1986}, pages = {20-22}, abstract = {

As a result of a survey given to 155 teen leaders and 42 professionals, the authors discovered that rewards are not as an attractive feature of the 4-H program as previously assumed. 4-H members and professionals alike said the social aspects of 4-H were more important than competition and rewards. Recommended further study of the present rewards structure.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1986fall/a1.php}, author = {Joseph A. Weber and John C. McCullers} } @mastersthesis {9228, title = {A comparison of agent perception of effectiveness of parish Extension advisory committees chaired by agents and lay members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1986}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Alwyn Ann Wegenhoft} } @mastersthesis {9201, title = {A comparison of attitudes toward competition in Ohio 4-H: Current 4-H members versus 4-H dropouts}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1986}, note = {
  1. PRK Abstract
  2. Modified NAL abstract
}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to describe attitudes of current 4-H members and dropouts toward competition and identify any existing differences. Preferences of members and dropouts toward direct versus indirect competition were also described and compared. 4-H members and 4-H dropouts were studied. Questionnaires were mailed to 172 4-H members (80 percent response) and 172 dropouts (72 percent response). In attitudes toward competition, membership status was found to be significant. No significant differences were found on the basis of sex, age, or years in 4-H. Sex and membership status were found to be significant in preference toward direct versus indirect competition; age and years in 4-H were not found to be significant. All groups had negative attitudes toward competition. In addition, all groups preferred indirect competition.

}, author = {Christy Sue Collins} } @mastersthesis {9212, title = {A descriptive study of a type of commercial educational program: Idaho fabric shop retailers, their classes, teachers and clientele and the extent of cooperation between retailers and their teachers and teachers in public school and Cooperative Extension}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1986}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Idaho}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study obtained baseline data on the number and types of sewing classes taught through retail fabric shops in Idaho, to obtain descriptive data on teachers and clientele in those shops, and ascertain cooperation between the shops and Cooperative Extension. Most of the customers had sewn for over 10 years. The majority of them indicated a preference for learning basic sewing skills through a retail fabric shop, but preferred that their children learn basic skills, through the public schools or Cooperative Extension, including 4-H. Public school teachers and Cooperative Extension agents reported greater cooperation with fabric shop retailers than with each other. Most reported little effect or use of others in the community within their sewing programs.

}, author = {Kathleen Marie Kearney} } @mastersthesis {9214, title = {The development of a 4-H dairy cattle judging manual}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1986}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Linda M. Kramer} } @mastersthesis {9210, title = {The development of a program for microwave oven users}, volume = {M.Ext.}, year = {1986}, note = {

Master of Extension degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Dorothy McLain Jochen} } @mastersthesis {9202, title = {The development of the Tennessee 4-H and FFA junior market hog program and a study of the west Tennessee show and sale for 1979, 1983, and 1985}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1986}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Barry B. Cooper} } @article {7911, title = {Factors affecting the reenrollment and dropout rate in Wyoming 4-H clubs as perceived by younger first-year 4-H members and their parents}, year = {1986}, author = {K. Popken} } @mastersthesis {9223, title = {Factors affecting the reenrollment and dropout rates in Wyoming clubs as perceived by younger first year 4-H members and their parents}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1986}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Wyoming}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Factors which affect a youth\&$\#$39;s decision to reenroll or drop out of a 4-H club, after one year of membership were studied. A sample of youth who enrolled in Wyoming at 8 years of age and then either reenrolled or dropped out were sent a survey about their 4-H experience. Their parents were sent a similar instrument. A total of 250 of 540 surveys were returned and processed. Frequency and contingency tables were used to determine statistical significance of the responses. Several factors were found significant including a relationship between the parent\&$\#$39;s past 4-H experience, residence, educational level and the youth\&$\#$39;s decision to reenroll or drop out.

}, author = {Kathleen E. Popken} } @mastersthesis {9207, title = {Factors limiting Hispanic involvement in 4-H}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1986}, note = {

Paper: Course No. 795A

}, school = {San Diego State University}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Mary Wavra Harmon} } @mastersthesis {9208, title = {Factors related to voluntary turnover among University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service 4-H agents}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1986}, school = {University of Florida}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Brent Warren Henry} } @mastersthesis {9227, title = {Factors that influence the continuation and discontinuation of adult volunteer leaders in the Iowa 4-H program}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1986}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to examine rewards that influence the continuation or discontinuation of adult volunteer leaders with the Iowa 4-H program. The social exchange theory was used as a theoretical framework. Data were obtained from 4-H volunteer leaders participating between October 1980 and October 1983. Respondents were categorized as continuing (150) and discontinued (150). Discriminant analysis and t-tests were used to analyze the data. Education, sex, amount of influence in 4-H, social approval, job satisfaction and career development were not significantly different between continuing and discontinuing volunteers. In fact, none of the rewards was a contributing factor to the volunteer\&$\#$39;s decision to stay or leave. Results did not support the basic assumption of social exchange theories which hypothesize that people enter into relationships because of the rewards which can accrue from it.

}, author = {Brenda Faye Thorbs} } @mastersthesis {9219, title = {Gifted student beliefs regarding selected personal characteristics and home economics}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1986}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Florida State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

To what extent do gifted high school students believe that home economics, through all its content can enhance, learning, motivation, creativity and leadership? A three-part questionnaire was developed and distributed to 150 gifted high school students who participated in the Mississippi Governor\&$\#$39;s School. Data from 127 returned questionnaires were analyzed. All 37 characteristics under study were judged to be of personal importance to the gifted student; over half of the characteristics were judged to be of high significance. Students believed that the characteristics could be enhanced only slightly, if at all, through home economics. Gifted males and gifted females did not differ with regard to their beliefs. Enrollment in home economics and/or participation in 4-H made no difference in regard to the beliefs of students about the enhancement of characteristics through home economics.

}, author = {Martha Jo Ballard Mims} } @mastersthesis {9199, title = {The history and impact of selected organizations on health education in the state of Minnesota}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1986}, note = {

A chapter is provided on the role of the 4-H clubs in a certain time frame. Modified NAL abstract.

}, school = {University of Minnesota}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study identified and\  examined the prominent roles that various persons, associations and agencies in the public, private and volunteer sector have played. Studied were the Minnesota Department of Health, Minnesota Department of Education, Woman\&$\#$39;s Christian Temperance Union, Minnesota Lung Association, 4-H clubs, American Red Cross, Young Men\&$\#$39;s and Young Women\&$\#$39;s Christian Associations, and the iron mining industry. Physical, mental, social and spiritual dimensions of health were found to be realized through the interaction of the community and the networking that must occur in order to achieve the integration of our resources.

}, author = {Eileen Jean Clifford} } @mastersthesis {9198, title = {The Idaho 4-H leadership development workshop, its development and evaluation}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1986}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Idaho}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The Idaho 4-H leadership development workshop is a leader training program designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the 4-H program and to teach the leadership skills necessary to successfully lead a 4-H club. The purpose is to solve some of the chronic problems in the 4-H program, i.e. the drop out rate of leaders and youth, low project completion rates, and low participation in some of the activities and programs. Descriptive data, ratings of the perceived increase in knowledge and understanding of course concepts, and course evaluation data were analyzed. Findings indicate the workshop may have the potential to provide the education necessary to help solve these issues.

}, author = {Keith A. Bramwell} } @mastersthesis {9204, title = {Implications of preferences found in the learning and teaching styles of 4-H members and adult volunteers}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1986}, note = {

Master of Education degree

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Minnesota}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study was conducted to determine the relationship between learning style preferences of 4-H members and teaching style preferences of 4-H adult volunteers. The conceptual levels of 4-H members were studied in relation to the environment that facilitates the most learning. Seventy-one 4-H members between the ages of 12-19 and twenty-six 4-H adult volunteers from two different county 4-H programs were involved in the study. Each were given the Kolb Learning Style Inventory, Gregory Teaching Style Inventory, and the Hunt Conceptual Level Model. Forty percent of the adult volunteers preferred a concrete-experience method of teaching and 43\% preferred active experimentation and abstract-conceptualization. The overall learning style preference of 4-H members were as follows: 66\% concrete-experience, 63\% reflective-observation, 55\% active experimentation and 33\% abstract conceptualization.

}, author = {Rhonda Crom} } @mastersthesis {9200, title = {Individual characteristics and organizational factors that influence the use of the microcomputer by Maryland Cooperative Extension Service field faculty}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1986}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes, skills, confidence levels, anxiety levels, attraction levels and organizational situation of Maryland county field staff as it relates to computer use. Through the use of mailed questionnaires 145 Maryland Extension field faculty (agricultural, 4-H, CRD and other agents) were surveyed with a response rate of 85.5. Instruments used were the Computer Use Survey constructed by Cantrell and a \"Computer Attitude Scale\" developed by Loyd and Gressard. Individualized instructional situations were rated as the best use of microcomputers by participants. No significant differences existed for instructional situations and attitude when MCES field faculty were grouped by demographic variables. The overall scores on the Computer Attitude Scale indicated a favorable attitude toward computers by MCES field faculty.

}, author = {Quentin Charles Coleman} } @booklet {7047, title = {Looking at our children}, year = {1986}, note = {photocopy}, abstract = {Kansas State University Extension 4-H examined the types of learning situations and/or rewards which parents and youth find as a motivation tool for further learning and participation. A cross section of youth from the state of Kansas participated with 11.7\% of parents reporting child involvement in 4-H. Parents reported that praise from peers would be the most motivating factor for continual participation with awards for attendance or completion of a project as a close second. Children and parents agree that self-confidence, working well with others and decision making skills are the more desirable outcomes of a learning experience.}, author = {Marcia McFarland} } @mastersthesis {9197, title = {Major distinguishing characteristics of successful adult volunteer 4-H club leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1986}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The primary objective of the study was to determine the major characteristics of successful adult volunteer 4-H club leaders in West Virginia as perceived by West Virginia 4-H agents. Data were obtained from 4-H agents in all 55 counties of the state. A modified Delphi technique was used to collect data. Of the 37 characteristics identified by participants, the most important were: accepts all kinds of youth, flexible, enthusiastic, responsible, open and honest, relates well, motivated and desires to help young people. Few differences were noted when the data was categorized by years of service or gender of 4-H agents. Females, however, tended to rate all items more important than did males.

}, author = {Brent Boggs} } @mastersthesis {9221, title = {The Myers-Briggs personality type distribution of delegates to the 1986 Western Regional 4-H Leadership Conference for teens}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1986}, school = {University of Nevada}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Julia Ann O{\textquoteright}Hara} } @mastersthesis {9225, title = {Origins of extension home economics programs}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {217 leaves}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Doctoral }, address = {Ames, IA}, abstract = {

Main objective was to look at the broad picture of needs assessment by examining origins of extension programs. Purposes were to: identify origins of Cooperative Extension Service home economics programs, to examine to what extent these origins represented Philip Nowlen\&$\#$39;s (University of Chicago) five categories of origin, and to compare these categories of origin with the independent variables.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.31274/rtd-180813-7921}, url = {https://dr.lib.iastate.edu/handle/20.500.12876/81277}, author = {Jan F. Scholl} } @mastersthesis {9213, title = {Out of the bars and into the kitchens: Farm women{\textquoteright}s domestic labor, World War I to World War II}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1986}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {State University of New York, Binghamton}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This historical study examined changes in the domestic labor of farm women in the United States from WWI to World War II and draws largely from the prescriptive literature and letters to the editor found in a popular farm woman magazine, The Farmer\&$\#$39;s Wife. The magazine established a Test Kitchen and Seal of Approval to endorse products and organized a Farm Family Test group. The Farmer\&$\#$39;s Wife, along with the USDA, the Extension Service, 4-H clubs and the agricultural colleges socialized farm women and farm girls into new roles.

}, author = {Christine Catherine Kleinegger} } @booklet {6988, title = {Pennsylvania 4-H impact study: An evaluation of teen{\textquoteright}s life skill development}, year = {1986}, author = {Anne L. Heinsohn and M. Joy Cantrell} } @mastersthesis {9226, title = {Perceptions of 4-H leader qualifications}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1986}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Gayland George Scofield} } @mastersthesis {9220, title = {Perceptions of 4-H members and organizational leaders concerning selected aspects of the leadership effort in St. John the Baptist Parish}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1986}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Cathy Jean Mullen} } @mastersthesis {9224, title = {Perceptions of the effectiveness of 4-H volunteer key leaders as held by key leaders and county 4-H agents in Ohio}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1986}, note = {

PRK Abstract

Modified from NAL abstract

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This study was conducted to identify the relationship of selected variables with the perceived effectiveness of 4-H key leaders as held by county 4-H agents in Ohio and the key leaders with whom the agents worked. Implications of the study indicate the 4-H agents and key leaders perceived the position of key leader as beneficial to the 4-H program. However, certain demographic information concerning the key leader volunteer may not be as valuable as previously thought.

}, author = {Marsha Lynn Richey} } @booklet {7063, title = {Proceedings of the National Extension Workshop in Textiles \& Clothing \& 4-H Clothing \& Textiles Curriculum: "Textiles \& Clothing "The future is now": Raleigh, North Carolina, April 27-May 2, 1986}, year = {1986}, author = {R. David Mustain} } @mastersthesis {9203, title = {A proposal development of 4-H Chesapeake Bay awareness project}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1986}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ann Elaine Creamer} } @mastersthesis {9229, title = {Relationships between selected personal characteristics of participating Tennessee 4-H club members/Japan LABO party members and selected exchange experiences in the 4-H/LABO exchange}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1986}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Claradon L. Woody} } @mastersthesis {9211, title = {Responsibility and effectiveness of county 4-H agricultural extension workers}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1986}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Denis Allen Johnson} } @article {7858, title = {Science and technology: The 4-H Way}, year = {1986}, month = {1987}, pages = {19 pp. with suggestions for research}, publisher = {U.S. Department of Agriculture, Extension Service, Cooperative Extension System}, address = {[Washington, DC]}, author = {USDA Extension System} } @article {7400, title = {Sex-role attitudes of senior high school 4-H members regarding careers and employment}, journal = {Journal of Adolescent Research}, volume = {1}, year = {1986}, pages = {267-276}, abstract = {The study examined the factors that contribute to the formation of sex-role attitudes of high school adolsecents fromt eh Cane Belt Area in Louisiana. The sample consisted of 101 females and 65 males who were in 11th and 12th grades and in the 4-H program. While both sexes displayed consistently nontraditional attitudes, females uniformly expressed less traditional attitudes than males. Females also expressed a more nontraditional attitude towards employment expectations.The variables, with the exception of mother{\textquoteright}s education and the grade level of respondents were shown to have a significant impact on the de3velopment of sex-role attitudes in the respondents.}, author = {Gladys Hildreth and Sheri Richard and Diane Burts} } @article {7497, title = {Social background, personality and attitudinal factors influencing the decision to volunteer and level of involvement among adult 4-H leaders}, journal = {Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly}, volume = {15}, year = {1986}, month = {January 1986}, pages = {87-99}, abstract = {An examination of the social background, personality and attitudinal factors influencing the decision to volunteer and the level of involvement among adult 4-H leaders. The Smith Sequential Specificity Model of voluntary Participation was used to hypothesize the influence of these factors on voluntary participation. Path analysis was employed to determine the direct \& indirect effects these factors had on voluntary participation. Analysis of questionnaire data (N=300 4-H leaders, 72\% response rate) revealed that age, years as a 4-H member, wehter children were in 4-H and attractiveness of 4-H had a positive influence on a leader{\textquoteright}s length of service. World Cat Abstract}, doi = {10.1177/089976408601500106}, author = {Frederick Richard Rohs} } @mastersthesis {9218, title = {South Carolina legislators{\textquoteright} perceptions of the Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1986}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Clemson University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions of CES held by members of the 1985 South Carolina legislature. The entire population of legislators (170) was surveyed providing 111 (65 percent) usable data. Data indicated a limited understanding of the major mission of Extension. Those representing rural areas had greater participation and involvement in Extension Service programs and activities. They were more familiar with agriculture and 4-H programs than the home economics and community development areas. The two former areas were ranked as being more important. Study recommended more lobbying efforts public awareness marketing be conducted about all programs, especially among urban populations.

}, author = {James Cleo Miller Jr.} } @booklet {6921, title = {Special Needs Project: Establishing list of program development competencies needed by 4-H county staff}, year = {1986}, note = {Funded by 4-H, USDA}, author = {D. L. Cheatham and J. F. Smith and W. K. Dorris and K. R. Morgan} } @article {7285, title = {Strengthening 4-H in schools}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {20}, year = {1986}, note = {

Accepted for publication March 1982; PRK-Journal of Ext.

}, month = {July-August 1982}, pages = {18-21}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1982july/82-4-a3.pdf}, author = {Carmen Burrows and Stan Zaremba} } @mastersthesis {9206, title = {A study of Georgia legislators{\textquoteright} perceptions of the University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1986}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract.

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to survey and analyze legislators\&$\#$39; perceptions toward the University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service. The population was 236 senators and representative making up the 1985 Georgia General Assembly. Several independent variables emerged as statistically significant predictor\&$\#$39;s of legislators\&$\#$39; perception toward Extension: experience on agricultural related committees, length of Georgia residency, gender, personal affiliation and child\&$\#$39;s affiliation with 4-H. Further study was recommended as well as educational opportunities to reach officials, ideally before their term of office.

}, author = {Douglas Lunday Gatchell} } @mastersthesis {9216, title = {A study of the use of marketing strategies for fundraising in child and youth related nonprofit organizations}, volume = {M.P.A.}, year = {1986}, note = {

MPA, a Nonprofit Organization Management degree

}, school = {University of San Francisco}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Yolanda A. Lopez} } @booklet {6999, title = {A survey of 4-H foods and nutrition leaders}, year = {1986}, note = {described as a mimeo}, month = {May 1986}, pages = {10 pp.}, author = {Joanne Ikeda and William Moyles} } @mastersthesis {9196, title = {Wildlife knowledge and attitudes of Tennessee 4-H wildlife conference alumni from 1973 to 1981}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1986}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sheila Munsey Andreasen} } @conference {7882, title = {4-H and rural roots linked to urban clientele}, booktitle = {Rural Sociology Society Conference}, year = {1985}, abstract = {

Does living in rural areas and having been a member of a 4-H club translate into adult use of agricultural education in urban areas in all four program areas. Data came from a national telephone survey conducted in 1982. Findings suggest that the movement of people from rural to urban centers has stimulated increased agricultural education use in the urban areas and that past involvement in the 4-H youth program leads to continued use of all agricultural education program.
Summary: In short, the future of agricultural education may well be the 4-Hers of today.

}, author = {James A. Christenson} } @mastersthesis {9166, title = {4-H calculating consumer project: Its effect on members{\textquoteright} knowledge, attitude and behavior}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1985}, note = {
  1. PRK Abstract
  2. Modified NAL abstract with some need to check results for positive effects
}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to assess the impact of the 4-H calculating consumer project on 4-H members\&$\#$39; knowledge of consumer practices, their attitudes regarding consumer practices, and their adoption of positive consumer practices. A stratified-random sample of 19 4-H clubs composed of 399 boys and girls, 12 to 15 years of age was randomly assigned to the control group and the experimental group. The research designed utilized pretest and a three month follow-up. Data analysis showed no significant difference in pretest scores between control and experimental groups in knowledge, attitude, and practice adoption. Volunteer commitment level was similar for all volunteer project leaders. The positive effects of the project materials remained significant three months following the conclusion of instruction.

}, author = {Shirley Welch Hastings} } @booklet {6916, title = {4-H camping: Does it develop life skills?}, year = {1985}, note = {PRK-Staff Study}, author = {Maynard Sexton Burkett and J. D. Barrett} } @booklet {7088, title = {4-H impact on Nebraska home extension club members}, year = {1985}, author = {John D. Orr and Kenneth Nelson} } @mastersthesis {9165, title = {4-H organizational leaders: The association between task performance and support received}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1985}, note = {
  1. PRK Abstract
  2. Modified NAL abstract
}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The objective of the study was to determine if there were relationships between task performance of the 4-H organizational leader and concern shown by the Extension agent as well as other selected independent variables. A research survey was sent to a sample of 312 of the 1,560 4-H organizational leaders throughout the state of Louisiana; seventy-seven percent were returned. Eight hypotheses were tested and a correlation, chi-square, analysis of variance and regression analysis were run. Findings strongly indicate that organizational leaders will respond to Extension agents in order to help boys and girls get the maximum benefit from the 4-H program.

}, author = {Donald Robinson Hammatt} } @article {7628, title = {4-H shareholders identify leadership development needs}, year = {1985}, pages = {45-50}, abstract = {In the first phase of the study, a list of 50 paraprofessional performance tasks relative to five major functions was developed by experts and a panel of judges. In the second phase, six paraprofessionals operating within the framework of}, author = {M. J. Cook and N. E. Kiernan and H. R. Ott} } @mastersthesis {9195, title = {An analysis of 4-H volunteer expectancies and outcomes in relation to motivation and turnover}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1985}, note = {

PRK Abstract

}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study gathered information about the motivation of 4-H volunteers. Specifically, it was an effort to examine the valences of a variety of outcomes of volunteering; study motivation in relation to longevity and projected discontinuance; and test the value of a complete model of motivation. Using an instrument based on Vroom\&$\#$39;s Expectancy Theory of Work Motivation, a stratified random sample of 760 4-H volunteers in Nebraska counties were surveyed. Sixty-five percent responded to a mailed questionnaire. Results suggested that the most valued outcomes of 4-H volunteering are affiliative in nature. The highest rated outcome is the opportunity to be with family or children. Least valued outcomes included costs of time and money, and opportunities to advance in the organization. Motivation was shown to be predictive of projected discontinuance. Hypotheses associating expectancy model components with longevity were not supported.

}, author = {Robert Leon Young} } @mastersthesis {9163, title = {An analysis of the exchange relationships in a voluntary organization network undergoing structural change}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1985}, school = {South Dakota State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Gary Alan Goreham} } @proceedings {7870, title = {An analysis of the motivating potential of 4-H volunteer jobs compared to satisfaction and growth need expressed by New York 4-H volunteers}, year = {1985}, pages = {41-44}, author = {J. Whitney Bancroft} } @mastersthesis {9152, title = {An analysis of the motivating potential of 4-H volunteer jobs compared to satisfaction and growth need expressed by New York 4-H volunteers}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1985}, note = {
  1. PRK Abstract
  2. Modified NAL abstract
}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study searched for information to help 4-H professionals manage volunteers in middle management jobs. The reactions of 4-H volunteers to their jobs were analyzed. Volunteers who performed supervisory tasks were defined as middle managers and compared with nonmiddle managers. The motivating potential of the job, five measures of expressed satisfaction and growth need strength were the key variables. A sample of 295 4-H volunteers returned a mailed questionnaire representing an 82.7 response rate. Middle managers as a group were not found to differ significantly from non-middle managers base on sex, age, education, tenure as volunteers, tenure in their present job or hours served. Middle managers were higher in the motivating potential of their job, their growth need strength and in benefit, growth and social satisfaction. The t-test was used to measure differences.

}, author = {Jonathan Whitney Bancroft} } @mastersthesis {9159, title = {Assessment of professional competencies needed by extension agents in developing countries: Case study in Swaziland}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1985}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Glen W. Easter} } @mastersthesis {9184, title = {Attitudes of members and their parents about competition and pressure to win in 4-H for Clay County, Minnesota}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1985}, school = {North Dakota State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This master thesis investigates the differences in attitudes about 4-H competition and the pressures to win between youth members and their parents of Clay County, Minnesota. 109 4-H members and their parents participated in this study by each filling out a questionnaire designed for the member or for the parent. The members are also divided by age; 9 to 11, 12, to 15, 16, to 19, to determine if any age differences occur. Results show that no significant relationships exist between 4-H members aging 9-15 and their parents concerning attitudes about the competition. Positive relationship in indicated for older members\&$\#$39; and their parent\&$\#$39;s agreement on the perception of the pressures to win. Additional results about members found that the majority of members prefer competitive activities, males displayed more competitive attitudes and desire for competitive activities than females, and members preferred trophies and cash awards for championship exhibits. Parents results include equally divided preference for competitive or cooperative activities for their children, a majority report they did not pressure their child to win, and earning was given as the reason why their child should participate in 4-H. An expanded study was recommended in order to compare results with other groups of 4-H members and their parents.

}, author = {Sharon Louise Query} } @mastersthesis {9158, title = {A benchmark and feasibility study of the Tennessee 4-H rabbit project}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1985}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {William K. Dunn} } @mastersthesis {9173, title = {Career education in 4-H projects: The relationships between project leaders teaching style and selected characteristics and their perceptions for the role of career education in 4-H projects}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1985}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Bert Lynn Jones} } @mastersthesis {9172, title = {Career education in 4-H projects: The relationships between project leaders teaching style and selected characteristics and their perceptions for the role of career education in 4-H projects}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1985}, note = {
  1. PRK Abstract
  2. NAL Abstract slightly modified
}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine if a relationship exists between teaching styles of 4-H project leaders and their preferences for career education skills to integrate into 4-H project learning experiences. Findings indicate that 4-H project leaders felt that five particular career skills should be included in project teaching. These were: good work habits, the value of work to self and society; self understanding in relation to opportunities in the world of work; skills related to the productive use of leisure time; ways to make work more enjoyable and meaningful. 4-H leaders did not feel they should teach, as part of their regular project efforts: career decision making skills, basic skills in math and communications, economics, sex equity in the world of work, and skills useful in finding and holding jobs.

}, author = {Bert Lynn Jones} } @article {7246, title = {The challenge of retaining 4-H members}, journal = {PRK Abstract - Published in Journal of Extension}, volume = {23}, year = {1985}, note = {

Article 3FEA4

}, month = {Fall 1985}, pages = {14-15}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1985fall/sa4.php}, author = {Kirk Astroth} } @conference {7874, title = {The changing social environment and the changing attitudes of youth: A challenge for 4-H professionals and leaders}, booktitle = {Research Reports of Annual Conference, TX}, year = {1985}, pages = {57-61}, author = {George T. Blume} } @mastersthesis {9193, title = {Choice of Extension education curricula as determined by selected Cooperative Extension Service agents}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1985}, school = {Southern Illinois University, Carbondale}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Joseph Raymond Wells} } @mastersthesis {9191, title = {A comparison of Extension staff and public leader{\textquoteright}s opinion regarding program development and evaluation in Cooperative Extension Service.}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1985}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {W. M. Wan Muda} } @mastersthesis {9151, title = {Computer software development: An educational tool for teaching nutrition in Pennsylvania 4-H}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1985}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Cathy S. Bakalar} } @mastersthesis {9179, title = {A conceptual approach to evaluating a 4-H environmental education program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1985}, school = {University of Maine}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carney McRae} } @article {7317, title = {Cooperation between North Dakota secondary vocational agriculture teachers and county agents in carrying out selected activities and programs: A colloquium paper}, journal = {Journal of the American Association of Teacher Educations in Agriculture}, volume = {27}, year = {1985}, note = {Peer-reviewed; ERIC Number: EJ 330 860}, month = {Spring 1986}, pages = {7-12}, author = {Sitapha Diatta and Senegal Siguinchor and Vernon D. Luft} } @booklet {7110, title = {Cooperative extension in northern Idaho: Who uses our services? Results of a four-county survey}, year = {1985}, author = {Corrine M. Rowe} } @mastersthesis {9194, title = {Critical elements of the state extension specialist position}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1985}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Judith Ann Wessel} } @mastersthesis {9189, title = {Cultural evaluation of 4-H food and nutrition materials}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1985}, school = {University of Arizona}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kathlyn Elaine Smiley-Davis} } @mastersthesis {9186, title = {The development of a Pennsylvania 4-H wildlife conservation leader{\textquoteright}s guide using task sheets}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1985}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to examine and revise The Pennsylvania 4-H Wildlife Conservation Leader Guide to include instructional resource materials and club activities using task sheets. The revision of the guide was evaluated by a panel of experts, 4-H agents, and 4-H and wildlife faculty at the university and personnel at the Pennsylvania Game Commission. Their comments were collected and synthesized and then incorporated into the revised edition of the leader guide.

}, author = {Earl D. Robbins} } @mastersthesis {9168, title = {Development of a soils curriculum for the 4-H Challenge Natural Resources project}, volume = {M.A.C.E.}, year = {1985}, note = {
  1. Master Adult and Continuing Education
  2. PRK Abstract
  3. Abstract from record 7 of 440 AGRICOLA database 12/91
}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This project involved the development of an integrated 4-H natural resources curriculum which included the following eight natural resource systems: air, energy, forests, geology and minerals, range, soil, water and wildlife. The purpose of the study was to develop a soils curriculum as an integral component of the 4-H CHALLENGE Natural Resources Project.

Twenty-seven soils concepts were based on a review of soils educational literature and interviews with soil scientists. Existing learning activities were selected from the literature and new ones were developed to teach the soils concepts. Five projects were developed to provide 4-H members with an opportunity to use the knowledge and skills they had acquired during the learning activities and responsibly taken action to solve soil related problems in the community.

}, author = {Joe E. Holtrop} } @mastersthesis {9183, title = {Draft horse}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1985}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kristin K. Myers} } @mastersthesis {9171, title = {Educational and personal development of participants in the International 4-H Youth Exchange (IFYE) Program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1985}, school = {Texas Woman{\textquoteright}s University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Julia R. Johnson} } @mastersthesis {9160, title = {The effect of environmental education on 4-H and girl scout participants}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1985}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Nancy K. Franz} } @mastersthesis {9170, title = {The effect of parental brokering on adult sociability: A comparison of only and non-only children}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1985}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study examined the association between family size and measures of adult sociability as mediated through parental brokering activities. In large families, peer interaction is usually experienced with siblings, but if siblings are not available parents will broker for their children to provide them with peer socialization experiences outside of the nuclear family, such as 4-H. Thus the contention that only children are antisocial because they lack siblings is unfounded.

}, author = {Barbara E. Johnson} } @mastersthesis {9175, title = {Effective communication media for potential minority 4-H youth in Franklin County as perceived by the county 4-H minority advisors}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1985}, note = {

PRK Abstract

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study was to identify the communication media/method that could be effectively used by 4-H in reaching the minority youth of 4-H age residing in Franklin County (Columbus, Ohio) as perceived by the county\&$\#$39;s 4-H minority advisors, and to describe the relationship between their perceptions and the selected personological characteristics. All responding advisors were female and most between 35 and 39 years of age, two years of service was the most common length of service as an advisor, and most (92\%) were black. The seven perceived highest ranking media were: school visits, advertisements on \"MIV\" or children\&$\#$39;s channels, television feature programs on 4-H, ads on \"rock\" special feature programs. Correlations between personological characteristics and perceptions were not high and did not help explain to any great extent the variability in perceptions.

}, author = {Richardson Ayodele Koleade} } @mastersthesis {9161, title = {The effects of a 4-H survival skills program on decision making skills of latchkey and non-latchkey children}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1985}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Nancy E. Gaither} } @mastersthesis {9190, title = {Effects of symbolic reward and positive feedback on high and low levels of intrinsic motivation in preschoolers}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1985}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Allan T. Smith} } @mastersthesis {9164, title = {Effects various demographic, socio-psychological and organizational characteristics of Kentucky 4-H volunteers have on their perceived human and educational needs relevant to fulfillment of their 4-H responsibilities}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1985}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Grace T. Gray} } @conference {7867, title = {Enhancing the project meeting experience: A study of the impact of leader training on two levels in Bennett{\textquoteright}s Hierarchy}, booktitle = {Research Reports of Annual Conference, TX}, year = {1985}, pages = {19-24}, author = {Kirk Astroth} } @mastersthesis {9150, title = {Evaluation of effectiveness of youth expanded food and nutrition education program (EFNEP) in Winston County, Mississippi}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1985}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lillian Gertrude Ainsworth} } @conference {7868, title = {An experimental evaluation of resource materials on leadership/delegation for 4-H youth}, booktitle = {Research Reports Proceedings of Annual Conference, TX}, year = {1985}, pages = {14-18}, author = {Kirk Astroth} } @article {7298, title = {Extension{\textquoteright}s future is today: The impact of 4-H and the rural to urban shift on Extension}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {23}, year = {1985}, pages = {19-20}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1985summer/a6.php}, author = {James A. Christenson and Paul Warner} } @mastersthesis {9188, title = {Factors associated with the turnover intentions of Ohio Cooperative Extension county agents}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1985}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between various factors ad the turnover intentions of the Ohio Cooperative Extension county agents. Based on the March and Simon Theory of Job Turnover, a number of independent variables were studied. The dependent variable was the intention to leave the job. Data were gathered in May 1985 through a three-part questionnaire and the examination of personnel records. The population consisted of all Extension county agents (N=244). Findings were based on 218 questionnaires providing usable data (89\%).

Findings suggested that agents generally had low intentions to leave jobs. Lower performers had the highest intentions. Agents did not see that organizational rewards were contingent upon performance level. 4-H youth agents had significantly lower levels of job satisfaction, satisfaction with pay and with the work itself. They also had lower perceptions of performance-contingent rewards. The best predictors of not intending to leave one\&$\#$39;s job was overall job satisfaction, satisfaction with co-workers, age and self-rating of job performance.

}, author = {Emmalou Rossano} } @mastersthesis {9156, title = {Factors influencing enrollment in the 4-H clothing project in Richland and Ouachita Parish, Louisiana}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1985}, school = {University of Southwestern Louisiana}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {M. Diane Denais} } @proceedings {6837, title = {For love or money - what motivates volunteers}, year = {1985}, pages = {3-9}, author = {Richard A. Byrne and Faye Caskey} } @mastersthesis {9167, title = {A guide for the planning, implementation and evaluation of a 4-H camp counselor training}, volume = {M.A.C.E.}, year = {1985}, note = {

Master Adult and Continuing Education

PRK Abstract

}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to develop, implement and evaluate a practical and effective counselor training for the Clallam County 4-H summer camp counseling staff; offering a guide for other 4-H youth camp directors to follow. Felt needs were analyzed from the evaluations by the Clallam County 4-H camp staff of 1983. Unfelt needs were determined through a study of materials in the area of camp counselor training. Two evaluations took place: Evaluation of program upon completion of training and evaluation of skills learned at the training and their effectiveness upon completion of the week of camp.

}, author = {Lisa Diane Hille} } @mastersthesis {9155, title = {History of the 4-H uniform for females in Texas}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1985}, school = {Texas Woman{\textquoteright}s University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Tammera Sue Hickman Dean} } @mastersthesis {9154, title = {How to start and maintain a 4-H or FFA dairy project}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1985}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Kirk W. Carter} } @article {7688, title = {The image of excellence includes and international dimension}, year = {1985}, note = {Historical record of International 4-H work}, pages = {28 pp.}, author = {Maurice S. Kramer} } @mastersthesis {9162, title = {The image of the 4-H professional/profession as perceived by selected Cooperative Extension Service professionals in the United States}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1985}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {New Mexico State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The major study described the current status of the image of the 4-H profession as perceived by Cooperative Extension Service (CES) professionals in the United States. A Likert-scale instrument and reflective scale was submitted to a random, stratified sample of Extension professionals, representing all states and the District of Columbia. The mean values for the image variables were positive. The 4-H professional is perceived most strongly as an autonomous decision maker, personally committed to public responsibility, as a lifelong learner, and holding equal professional status and freedom for advancement within CES. Two connected ideas should be addressed: the mission of 4-H as it fits a locality and the expected role of the 4-H/youth professional.

}, author = {Gary Wayne Gerhard} } @mastersthesis {9187, title = {Impact study of New Mexico 4-H "Fit it All Together" foods and nutrition project in select New Mexico counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1985}, school = {Texas Tech University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2346/59471}, author = {Evelyn Davis Rogers} } @booklet {7069, title = {An investment report: Allegiance of former participants (in 4-H)}, year = {1985}, pages = {6 pp.}, author = {National 4-H Council} } @article {7538, title = {Keeping 4-H volunteer leaders: Why some stay and some don{\textquoteright}t}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {23}, year = {1985}, note = {

Article 2FEA3

}, month = {Summer 1985}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1985summer/a3.php}, author = {Keith Lloyd Smith and Nancy M. Bigler} } @conference {7923, title = {Key volunteers strengthen the 4-H program}, booktitle = {Research Reports of Annual Conference, TX}, year = {1985}, pages = {29-34A, includes model}, author = {A. Snider} } @article {7892, title = {Leadership styles of program leaders in the Cooperative Extension Service in New England}, year = {1985}, pages = {8 pp.}, author = {Prudence Brown Holton} } @mastersthesis {9169, title = {Life situation and personal characteristics that contribute to the functional skills experiential learning outcomes of the adult volunteer 4-H leader}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1985}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study investigated the influence of selected life situation and personal characteristics on the functional skills and experiential learning outcomes of adult volunteer 4-H leaders. Data were obtained from a self-selected sample of 134 adult volunteer leaders from 48 out of the 50 US states.

One third were individuals chaperoning Citizen Washington Focus program in Washington, DC. The remaining leaders surveyed came to the National 4-H Center to participate in training workshops. Because of the possible homogeneity of the sample, a smaller comparison study of 21 leaders was conducted in rural Charles County, Maryland. The two groups were found to be statistically comparable. Howe\&$\#$39;s Self-Assessment Skills Inventory was developed specifically for the study. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and t-tests. Showing a significantly positive relationship with functional skills learning outcomes included: certain levels of formal education, primary occupation (other than farming) and levels of exposure to the 4-H hierarchy. Findings did not support the remaining personal and life situation characteristics hypothesized as bearing significance on an individual\&$\#$39;s functional skills experiential learning outcomes: self-esteem, learning style, age, 4-H membership as a youth, being engaged in other volunteer activities, tenure as a volunteer leader, type of community lived in, being a farmer or farm wife, gender, or duties performed within the 4-H organization.

}, author = {Patricia Ann Howe} } @conference {7883, title = {Life skills development through 4-H: A survey of adolescent attitudes}, booktitle = {Research Reports of Annual Conference, TX}, year = {1985}, pages = {25-28}, author = {Olivia P. Collins} } @mastersthesis {9177, title = {Male-female differences in antecedents to hunting involvement: Implications for hunter education and 4-H shooting sports programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1985}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Shari Lea McCarty} } @booklet {7013, title = {Michigan early adolescent survey: Final Report}, howpublished = {4-H Impact Study}, year = {1985}, note = {PRK Abstract}, author = {Joanne Keith and Leah Hoopfer} } @booklet {7090, title = {Model for recognizing 4-H{\textquoteright}ers}, year = {1985}, author = {Jerry Parsons} } @mastersthesis {9176, title = {Ohio 4-H agents{\textquoteright} and volunteer leaders{\textquoteright} perceptions of the volunteer leadership development program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1985}, note = {

PRK Abstract

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study considered the perceptions of 4-H agents and volunteer leaders to six areas: recruiting, training, motivations, recognition, retention and supervision. The respondents were selected from a stratified random sample of selected counties and were mailed questionnaires. 100\% of the agents and 62.8\% (201) of the volunteer leaders provided usable responses. No significant differences were found between 4-H agents and volunteer leaders on their perceptions of recruiting, training and supervision. Significant differences existed between them on their perceptions of motivation, recognition and retention.

}, author = {Joseph Ajedi Kwarteng} } @article {7641, title = {Ohio 4-H awareness and promotion}, year = {1985}, pages = {12 pp.}, author = {Dennis Lee Elliott} } @mastersthesis {9180, title = {Opinions of certain 4-H agents concerning leadership training in parliamentary procedure for youth involved in North Carolina 4-H activities}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1985}, school = {Virginia State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {James Thomas Miller} } @mastersthesis {9178, title = {Perceptions of 4-H members, leaders and county agents toward the Montana 4-H vegetable gardening projects}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1985}, note = {

PRK Abstract

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Montana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Study investigated the perceptions of 4-H members, 4-H leaders and county agents toward the Montana vegetable gardening projects. Data were gathered through the use of mailed questionnaires sent to a random sample of 35 county agents, 60 4-H leaders and 145 4-H members. Acquiring the knowledge and developing the skills needed to care for and manage a well planned vegetable garden project were strengths of the gardening projects and too little emphasis on the basics of vegetable gardening was cited as a weakness.

}, author = {Susan Lynn McMaster} } @mastersthesis {9192, title = {Perceptions of benefits derived by individuals participating in Wyoming 4-H programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1985}, note = {

PRK Abstract

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Wyoming}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Study determined benefits derived by individuals participating in Wyoming 4-H programs. A survey was mailed to Wyoming 4-H members that consisted of 5-point Likert scale and three open ended questions. A SPSS frequencies program was used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that Wyoming 4-H offers positive consequences including: knowledge gains, self attitude development, social attitude and behavior development, happiness, environmental awareness, and future opportunities exploration. Negative consequences were unfair competition, too much emphasis on winning, lack of challenge for older members and interference with other activities. Recommendations for program improvement are included. Counties were encouraged to conduct surveys of local needs and concerns.

}, author = {Mary Kay Wardlaw} } @mastersthesis {9182, title = {Potential usability of an experimental 4-H career education manual}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1985}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Alice Ann Moore} } @article {7574, title = {Predictors of life satisfaction among rural and urban employed mothers: A research note}, journal = {Journal of Marriage and the Family}, volume = {47}, year = {1985}, month = {November 1985}, pages = {1067-1071}, abstract = {Study sought to determine if descritpive factors of work-family role integration would be more predictive of rural mothers{\textquoteright} satisfaction than that of urban employed mothers.
Sample surveyed by mailed questionnaire comprised 237 rural and urban employed mothers, selected from 4-H membership lists in Ohio. Job-related variables were found to be more predictive of rural employed mother{\textquoteright}s life stisfaction than those varioables of social-psychological support traditionally associated with the successful enactment of work and family roles.}, doi = {10.2307/352352}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/352352}, author = {Connor M. Walters and Patrick C. McKenry} } @conference {7927, title = {Problems that hamper success of county 4-H programs}, booktitle = {Symposium on Research Needs for Extension Education}, year = {1985}, note = {

Paper presented at Symposium on Research Needs for Extension Education

}, author = {Edward Kirangira Tumusiime and Layle D. Lawrence} } @booklet {7143, title = {Proceedings for the Symposium on research needs for Extension education}, year = {1985}, author = {Keith Lloyd Smith} } @mastersthesis {9153, title = {A progress guide for 4-H members raising guide dog puppies}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1985}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Karen Browning} } @mastersthesis {9181, title = {The relationship between the extent to which a county is rural or urban and the characteristics of a county{\textquoteright}s 4-H program}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1985}, note = {

PRK Abstract

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study investigated the extent to which the current 4-H program in Ohio is serving urban clientele in the counties. Eighty-eight counties were sampled using the 1980 Census Data, the Ohio 4-H Statistical Report, October 1, 1982-September 30, 1983 and the \"Ohio Cooperative Extension Service - Local Needs Survey. The conclusions of this study are that six counties have 90\% or higher urban population and a total of 31 counties have 50\% or higher. This is a very strong negative relationship between the extent to which the county is urban and the percent of potential 4-H members reached. There is a low positive relationship between the extent to which the county is urban and the percent of females enrolled in the program.

}, author = {Juanita Elveta Miller} } @conference {7878, title = {Results of a follow-up study on North Central leader forum}, booktitle = {Research Reports of Annual Conference, TX}, year = {1985}, pages = {25-40}, author = {Richard A. Byrne and Faye Caskey} } @booklet {6902, title = {Rhode Island 4-H leadership development: Impact Study}, year = {1985}, author = {J. Whitney Bancroft and Gail Poffenberger Yeiser} } @booklet {7086, title = {Self concept, 4-H camp setting: An evaluation}, year = {1985}, author = {John D. Orr} } @article {7799, title = {Strengthening the research base for Extension programs}, year = {1985}, pages = {217 pp. [10 pp. Executive Summary]}, author = {USDA ES} } @mastersthesis {9157, title = {A study to develop and test a computer literacy curriculum of the 4-H program of the Texas Agricultural Extension Service}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1985}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to pilot test a computer literacy curriculum for members and leaders in the Texas 4-H program. A four phase development process was used to develop the curricula based on 29 competencies, the fourth phase its evaluation. A content-input-process product evaluation model was used. Four conclusions were drawn: 1) goals and objectives reflect the needs and desires of the 4-H program, 2) appropriate content for inclusion in the computer literacy project can be developed, 3) learning activities aid in the attainment of the objectives can be developed, and 4) an evaluation plan for assessing the effectiveness of the curriculum in meeting the goals and objectives can be implemented.

}, author = {Delia R. Duffey} } @inbook {7915, title = {Supervision of volunteers}, booktitle = {Research Reports of Annual Conference, TX}, year = {1985}, pages = {62-66}, author = {Lynn Vernice Riskedal} } @mastersthesis {9185, title = {Supervision of volunteers in the Illinois 4-H and youth program}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1985}, note = {

PRK Abstract

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Illinois}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine which supervisory skills are currently utilized in the relationship between the volunteer and the professional in the 4-H program, and to determine the perceptions of the volunteers and the agents on the concept of supervision in the 4-H program. Extension agents said they utilize the supervisory skills when communicating with volunteers. However, the study found a discrepancy between the agents\&$\#$39; and volunteers\&$\#$39; perception on the use of constructive criticism and initial training which is received. An accepting attitude toward supervision by volunteers and agents can be concluded from both volunteer and agent responses related to the knowledge of club activities and the methods of informing the agent. An acceptance of supervision was also shown in the positive response to conferences which are held between the volunteer and the agent.

}, author = {Lynn Vernice Riskedal} } @mastersthesis {9174, title = {Understanding and predicting attendance behavior in the Illinois 4-H camping program}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1985}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Illinois}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The objective of this study was to make recommendations relative to stimulation and revitalizing attendances at the five Illinois 4-H camps. Fifteen hundred and thirty Illinois 4-H members were sampled. Data were collected to measure cognitive, affective and conative components of the Fishbein behavioral prediction model. Results form the study indicate that definite changes with the 4-H camping program are necessary. A framework and time schedule for a state-wide advertisement campaign should be developed and targeted not only to the 4-H membership, but to parents, friends and 4-H community club leaders.

}, author = {Thomas Russell Kettelkamp} } @proceedings {7907, title = {Youth development competencies desirable for Arizona volunteer 4-H leaders}, year = {1985}, pages = {10-13}, author = {Gerald Wayne Olson} } @article {7302, title = {4-H and the handicapped: Volunteers{\textquoteright} perceptions}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {22}, year = {1984}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1984january/a3.php}, author = {Bernadine M. Coleman and Nan Booth} } @booklet {7930, title = {4-H computer project: National pilot test}, year = {1984}, author = {USDA ES} } @booklet {7045, title = {4-H computer project: National pilot test evaluation: Final report}, howpublished = {Executive summary at S533.F66F61}, year = {1984}, author = {Richard C. Maurer} } @booklet {7074, title = {4-H impact on leading South Dakota livestock producers}, year = {1984}, note = {EMC 813}, author = {Ken Nelson} } @booklet {7076, title = {4-H impact on South Dakota Extension homemakers}, year = {1984}, author = {Kenneth Nelson} } @mastersthesis {9143, title = {4-H leaders and 4-H members attitudes toward selected aspects of the 4-H program in Pittsburg County}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1984}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to gain information about the attitudes of 4-H members and leaders toward aspects of the Pittsburg County 4-H program. One hundred and eight 4-H members and 30 leaders responded to questions about events held in the county. 4-H\&$\#$39;ers participated in county activities because they felt it would help develop their leadership skills and with their personal development. Leaders and parents had the least influence on decisions made by the 4-H members in this study. Lack of interest was found to be the main reason why the young people did not participate.

}, author = {Ronald Lee Vick} } @article {7597, title = {The 4-H youth organization: Primary prevention through competency promotion}, journal = {Journal of Primary Prevention}, volume = {4}, year = {1984}, month = {Summer 1984}, pages = {225{\textendash}239}, abstract = {Three hundred and thirty respondents from 165 families completed an assessment designed to measure psychosocial maturity. Comparisons between 4-H and non-4-H parental perceptions of interpresonal and social adequacy were conducted. Other analyses suggest age differences affecting social maturity and rural versusl urban residency differences in program effectiveness.}, doi = {10.1007/BF01324442}, author = {Robert Leon Young and Gerald R. Adams} } @mastersthesis {9119, title = {An analysis of farmers{\textquoteright} soil testing practices in three Louisiana parishes}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1984}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study examined the soil testing practices of farmers in Northeast Louisiana to determine whether there have been changes in soil fertility levels in the Franklin, Morehous and Tensas Parishes between 1964-7 and 1982-1983. Among other findings, farmers who had been active in 4-H and/or FFA soil sampled more often than farmers who had not been active in these organizations.

}, author = {Eddie Ray Funderburg} } @conference {7877, title = {Attitudes on wildlife and knowledge retained by 4-H alumni}, booktitle = {49th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference}, year = {1984}, note = {

Paper presented at the 49th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference

}, author = {James L. Byford and Sheila Munsey} } @mastersthesis {9137, title = {Attitudinal differences: A study comparing 4-H members and dropouts, ages 13 to 15, in 16 Montana counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1984}, note = {

PRK Abstract

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Montana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine if certain attitudes of active Montana 4-H members and dropouts, ages 13 to 15, are different to identify reasons associated with dropping out of the program. Present and past 4-H members who were 13-15 years of age when enrolled in 4-H were sent a researcher developed instrument. The data received by the survey were tested using the Pearson r correlation coefficient and the chi-square test of independence. The major conclusions drawn from this study are that: 4-H may not be for every youth, but the 4-H program should explore ways to broaden its appeal while retaining its 4-H image, 4-H and school will vie for young people\&$\#$39;s time and family participation in 4-H is important to 4-H member retention

}, author = {Arthur Reeves Petroff} } @mastersthesis {9135, title = {A comparative study of members{\textquoteright} commitment to 4-H clubs and special interest groups in Oklahoma}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1984}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Beverly Marie Russell Parker} } @booklet {6977, title = {Criteria for responsive and relevant 4-H curriculum development}, year = {1984}, author = {V. Gobeli} } @mastersthesis {9140, title = {Development of a 4-H hydroponics project}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1984}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the paper was to develop a hydroponics project 4-H member guide and a leader guide targeted at teens. The members guide focused on the set-up monitoring and evaluation of two hydroponic gardening experiments with lettuce or tomatoes. The leader guide was similar in format but included additional detailed information on related topics.

The project evaluation, a five point Likert-type scale was based on the usefulness of the guides, appropriateness of reading level, accuracy of content, and overall rating by selected 4-H agents and leaders.

}, author = {Rosemarie Schoonmaker} } @mastersthesis {9125, title = {Development of a 4-H type leader training model for nonformal education in Bangladesh}, volume = {M.A.C.E.}, year = {1984}, note = {

Master Adult and Continuing Education

}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Amena A. Hoq} } @mastersthesis {9122, title = {Development of a handbook of serious games for exploring group dynamics}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1984}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Renee Ramona Harris} } @mastersthesis {9109, title = {The effect of a litter education program on attitudes and behavior of second and fourth graders in a selected Ohio school system}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1984}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

As a part of 4-H work, a litter education program developed with a grant from the Ohio Department of Natural Resources Office of Litter Control, was evaluated. Forty-seven second graders and 64 fourth graders were involved in treatment and control groups. Each were matched by the size of the school, geographic area and socioeconomic background. Qualitative data was collected as a pretest. Students were given cookies on a paper plate and napkin and observed in the classroom to determine their littering behaviors. A set of slides depicting a variety of potential littering situations was used to measure attitudes toward littering. A two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data. There was a significant difference at the .001 level between the attitude scores of the treatment and the control groups indicating that the litter education program was effective. There was no significant difference between grades, though a potential interaction effect with a probability of .057 indicating that the program may be more effective in the fourth grade. Neither treatment nor grade level produced a significant effect on the behavior scores.

}, author = {Karen Sue Behm} } @mastersthesis {9146, title = {The effectiveness of newsletters as an in-service training method for 4-H foods and nutrition leaders}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1984}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {San Francisco State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

A direct mail nutrition education program for 4-H foods and nutrition leaders was developed and evaluated using a pre- post test design. Foods and nutrition leaders from 18 northern California counties were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. A behavioral recall questionnaire assessed the frequency with which leaders addressed 13 specific foods and nutrition topics in their project work during the 1981-82 project year. A mailed pre-test assessed nutrition knowledge of leaders. The experimental group received four nutrition newsletters during the winter of 1982-83 while the control group received no newsletter. A post-test mailed in June 1983 measured cognitive, affective and behavioral change. Subjects completing all post-test included 28 control subjects and 51 experimental subjects. The experimental group showed statistically significant gain in nutrition knowledge and reported increased teaching of two of the seven nutrition topics addressed in the newsletter.

}, author = {Norma Joan Wightman} } @booklet {7005, title = {Evaluability assessment in 4-H}, year = {1984}, note = {Philosophical paper}, author = {Bert Lynn Jones} } @mastersthesis {9129, title = {Evaluation of program components for 4-H camping programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1984}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Karen Loyd} } @mastersthesis {9121, title = {An experimental evaluation of resource materials on leadership/delegation for 4-H youth}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1984}, note = {

PRK Abstract

Modified NAL abstract

May also be titled, \"Experimental evaluation of instructional materials on delegation for 4-H youth.\"

}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study evaluated the effectiveness of resource materials on leadership delegation at two state 4-H camps in Iowa in 1983. The relationship of member participation and delegated leadership to group drive, cohesiveness and productivity were also studied. Preferred leadership styles of youth were measured. According to t-tests, the materials on delegation made a difference in the second camp in group drive and cohesiveness. The materials did not make a difference in productivity in either camp. The problem-solving decision making style Inventory (Hershey-Natemeyer, 1982) was used as a pre-posttest. T-test analysis showed that styles remained stable. The youth study approximated the adult model. Sex of campers was not related to style, except that females were slightly more likely to prefer the participative style. Delegation was not one of the preferred styles. Pearson\&$\#$39;s correlation revealed that measure so group effectiveness-drive, cohesiveness and productivity were highly and positively intercorrelated. Member participation was positively and moderately related to group effectiveness.

}, author = {Julia Andrew Gamon} } @mastersthesis {9110, title = {Factores que influyen en la retencion y movilidad de los lideres voluntarios del programa 4-H del Servicio de Extension Agricola en la Region de San Juan, 1969-1983 (Factors which influence the retention and motivity of the volunteer leaders of the 4-H pr}, volume = {M.E.}, year = {1984}, note = {

Degree as designated

}, school = {University of Puerto Rico}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Paz Noelia Varela Berrios} } @mastersthesis {9123, title = {Factors associated with 4-H youth{\textquoteright}s interest in sewing}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1984}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study surveyed West Virginia youth to ascertain if they were interested in sewing, and whether they perceived adult help was available to support this interest. The participants included 494 female members ages 9-21 attending 4-H camps in four West Virginia counties. Two-thirds of the respondents indicated that they had an interest in sewing, yet 46\% of the sample expressed interested were not enrolled in 4-H clothing projects (p.01). Forty-two percent of the respondents had never enrolled in the 4-H clothing projects. Seventy-eight percent of those who had taken home economics classes in school responded positively to that sewing experience. Support for sewing was provided by mothers in the home, 80\% of whom did some sewing with additional support from grandmothers, 41\% who sewed. Youth reported grandmothers sewed more than mothers. Further research was suggested to determine motivational factors such as types of garments and other sewing activities of interest to youth.

}, author = {Martha Roberts Hartley} } @mastersthesis {9127, title = {Factors associated with burnout among extension agents in the Ohio Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1984}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The objective of the study was to determine the level of burnout among Ohio Extension agents, differences in levels of burnout among the program areas and the extent to which burnout is associated with personal, organizational and job factors. A four-part questionnaire was mailed to 101 randomly selected agents in five districts in Ohio with an 89 percent response rate. Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to describe relationships. A one-way ANOVA including an LSD posthoc analysis, a t-test, and stepwise multiple regression analysis was applied to test the differences between the groups of agents at the .05 level.

Findings reveal a low level of burnout among the agents with 4-H agents experiencing higher levels than home economics and agricultural agents. Younger agents were found to experience higher levels than older agents. Job satisfaction was found to be the best single predictor of burnout.

}, author = {Orobosa Chris Igodan} } @mastersthesis {9113, title = {Factors related to reenrollment in 4-H of eight through twelve-year-old members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1984}, note = {

PRK Abstract

NAL abstract

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Columbus, OH}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to identify factors which are related to the reenrollment of 4-H members. Eight through twelve year old reenrollees were compared to non-reenrollees in the same age group to determine if relationships existed between selected factors and their reenrollment status. The target population was all traditional 4-H club members in Ohio in 1982. A stratified random sample was taken from 10 counties, two randomly selected counties from each Extension district. A mailed questionnaire was used to collect data. Substantial relationships were identified between the years of club membership and planned membership in 4-H. Factors that showed a moderate relationship with reenrollment were: earning money from 4-H projects, liking project work, 1983 4-H enrollment of siblings, parents\&$\#$39; attendance at club meetings and desire to be a junior leader.

}, url = {http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1171309831}, author = {Cheryl Lynn Caplinger} } @mastersthesis {9142, title = {Feasibility study of a 4-H health program of sex education in Tulsa County, Oklahoma}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1984}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

An evaluation of 4-H attitudes toward a possible 4-H health program of sex education was the made in the spring of 1984. The population was the 340 Tulsa County 4-H parents whose children were enrolled in 4-H as of November 30, 1983. A telephone questionnaire was answered by 94 percent of those randomly selected to be respondents. It was found that 88\% of the 4-H parents saw a need for formal sex education\  outside the home and 79 percent though 4-H sex education programs a good idea. Some of the parents did not know how good or bad a job the school system was doing concerning sex education. Conclusions were that 4-H sex education classes be divided by age and that parent attendance not be mandatory. The sex education topics presented to the respondents were perceived as being acceptable subjects for discussion.

}, author = {Brad Leroy Tipton} } @mastersthesis {9149, title = {Guidelines for training 4-H adult volunteer leaders in Washington State Cooperative Extension}, volume = {M.A.C.E.}, year = {1984}, note = {
  1. Master Adult and Continuing Education
  2. PRK Abstract
}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This study reviewed research literature on training 4-H volunteers. Qualitative research methods were utilized to review the literature to assess volunteer and organizational needs, setting of training objectives, determining training program structure and content, conducting volunteer orientation, pre-service and in-service training, and program management and evaluation. Data were collected to suggest relationships, patterns and processes. Twenty-four guidelines were developed in a final form. Program planning implications were listed for the guidelines which were most applicable to the development of training programs. The guidelines were applicable to all 4-H programs throughout the United States.

}, author = {Richard Alan Zabel} } @booklet {6917, title = {A history of Arizona Cooperative Extension work in home economics and 4-H: 1912-1984}, year = {1984}, author = {Berl Burt and Karen Ann Watson} } @mastersthesis {9148, title = {A history of urban 4-H club work in Knox County, Tennessee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1984}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Rosalind L. Woodard} } @article {7496, title = {How 4-H helps career development}, journal = {PRK Abstract - Published in Journal of Extension}, volume = {22}, year = {1984}, pages = {6-10}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1984may/a1.php}, author = {S. Kay Rockwell and Roy F. Stohler and Louis E. Rudman} } @article {7454, title = {How mom and dad influence youth participation}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {22}, year = {1984}, pages = {19-23}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1984march/a3.php}, author = {Richard C. Maurer and Janet L. Bokemeier} } @booklet {6975, title = {The image of the 4-H professional: A study of the current status of the 4-H professional image as perceived by Cooperative Extension Service professionals in the United States}, year = {1984}, author = {Gary Wayne Gerhard} } @mastersthesis {9141, title = {Impact of 4-H activities in leadership, personal, technical skill, social and value development: A pilot study}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1984}, note = {
  1. Master of Education degree
  2. PRK Abstract
}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sainey Banko Suso} } @article {7912, title = {Impact of agent time on 4-H member enrollment and participation in Tennessee}, year = {1984}, note = {

Presented at 1984 Triennial Conference of State 4-H Leader

}, pages = {1 p.}, author = {Ben T. Powell} } @mastersthesis {9128, title = {The impact of high adventure outdoor experience on participants in the Michigan 4-H Challenge program}, volume = {Ed.S.}, year = {1984}, note = {

Science Education doctorate

}, school = {Northern Michigan University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Cheryl Lowe} } @proceedings {6839, title = {The impact of the Extension 4-H program on the lives of 4-H All Stars in East Central Extension district}, year = {1984}, note = {NAL: S533.F66}, month = {November 4-8, 1984}, pages = {30-35}, author = {E. Wayne Compton and Maynard Sexton Burkett} } @article {7895, title = {Interest based learning in 4-H}, year = {1984}, pages = {15 pp.}, author = {Bert Lynn Jones} } @mastersthesis {9118, title = {Leader opinions and actions: A survey of the opinions and actions of 4-H project leaders regarding leader tasks, motivation, information requested, and sources of information}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1984}, note = {

Paper

}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Scott N. Everson} } @article {7824, title = {Leadership - Citizenship characteristics of 4-H all stars and the general public in Central Virginia}, year = {1984}, note = {NAE4-HA research proceedings, November 4-8}, month = {November 4-8}, pages = {36-39}, author = {E. Wayne Compton and Maynard Sexton Burkett} } @mastersthesis {9124, title = {Leadership styles of program leaders in the Cooperative Extension Service in New England}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1984}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Connecticut}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between CES program leaders in the New England states and their field staff on perceptions of leadership style, style range and effectiveness (adaptability). The comparison was based on the Situational Leadership theory developed by Herse3y and Blanchard and their instrument, The Leader Effectiveness and Adaptability Description. Self-perception scores of program leaders who work in agriculture, home economics and 4-H were looked at to determine if there was a difference in leadership style due to position. Data was collected using a survey instrument designed by the researcher. Chi-square and t-tests were used to analyze the data. Findings: Leaders perceive themselves to be more effective than others perceive them to be. There was found to be no significant difference in leadership style for program leaders who work in the various positions of agriculture, home economics and 4-H.

}, author = {Prudence Brown Holton} } @article {7424, title = {Lessons out of school: Boy scouts, girls scouts and 4-H clubs as educational environments}, journal = {New Designs on Youth Development}, year = {1984}, month = {Jan/Feb 1984}, pages = {21-28}, author = {J. Kleinfield and A. Shinkwin} } @mastersthesis {9116, title = {Life skills development through 4-H: A survey of adolescent attitudes}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1984}, note = {

PRK Abstract

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study investigated 4-H adolescents\&$\#$39; attitudes about life skills development through 4-H and the influences on this development. All youth 13-19 years of age in eleven Nebraska counties voluntarily completed a written questionnaire with the consent of their parents. The sample consisted of 360 teens; 62.8\% girls and 37.2\% boys. Percentages and frequency counts were used to describe personal and family characteristics, perceptions concerning family relationships and 4-H participation and persons, projects, and activities influencing youth life skills development. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used to examine the relationship between life skills learning and family strengths. The t-test was used to examine the difference between boys and girls in life-skills learning, importance of parent participation in 4-H, and influence of groups other than 4-H on life skills development. The analysis of variance was used to examine the relationship between years enrolled in 4-H, life skills learning and family strengths. The findings showed that life skills were learned through 4-H and there was a correlation between life skills learning and family strengths. The longer young people were enrolled in 4-H, the more they perceived life skills are learned.

}, author = {Olivia P. Collins} } @mastersthesis {9147, title = {The man-nature relationship in selected 4-H natural resources youth development program project materials}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1984}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Katherine Lile Wiley} } @proceedings {6858, title = {Measurement of Influence of youth organizations on county commissioners in Alabama}, year = {1984}, month = {November 4-8, 1984}, pages = {14-19}, author = {Margie McCary} } @mastersthesis {9108, title = {Media competencies needed by county 4-H extension agents as perceived by 4-H agents and state 4-H program leaders}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1984}, note = {

Modified NAL study

}, school = {University of Arizona}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to compare perceptions of regarding media competencies needed by 4-H agents. A closed-form questionnaire was developed and distributed to state 4-H program leaders and to 4-H agents attending the 1983 NAE4-HA annual meeting. When determining selected media most felt that all but four competencies should be learned on the job and the remaining four should be learned before the agent is hired. Recommendations are given for training using media competencies as well as for future study.

}, author = {Julie Camp Adamcin} } @mastersthesis {9144, title = {Motivations, satisfactions and selected characteristics of Arizona 4-H volunteer adult leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1984}, school = {University of Arizona}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Karen Ann Watson} } @mastersthesis {9115, title = {Perceptions held by superintendents, principals, and teachers of the South Carolina 4-H in-school education program}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1984}, note = {

PRK Abstract

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study investigated perceptions held by public school personnel of the South Carolina program with respect to 4-H curriculum, state 4-H program objectives, utilization of teachers as volunteers, the Extension agent\&$\#$39;s role, school personnel involvement in planning 4-H programs, use of communications media and certain aspects of utilizing volunteers from outside the school, and whether the perceptions varied in relation to the respondent\&$\#$39;s school type, school setting, and the person\&$\#$39;s own prior 4-H experience. The research design was survey research with a mailed questionnaire. The target populations were superintendents, principals and teachers of South Carolina public schools. The statistical analysis included the chi-square test of independence. Data showed that elements of the 4-H program are frequently observed by public school personnel.

}, author = {William Cherry Clinkscales} } @article {7903, title = {Perceptions of 4-H: A literature review}, year = {1984}, pages = {43 pp.}, author = {Mason E. Miller} } @mastersthesis {9130, title = {Perceptions of 4-H alumni from four Ohio counties concerning the impact of 4-H on their career development}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1984}, note = {

NAL abstract

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This study was to identify the perceptions of 4-H alumni from four Ohio counties concerning the impact of 4-H on their career development, as well as their current education/occupational and 4-H involvement characteristics. A researcher developed questionnaire was mailed to a stratified random sample. Alumni felt that 4-H had much impact on their self-awareness, particularly concerning positive interests and abilities. 4-H tended to have much impact upon the development of general work competencies reflecting humanizing skills and good work habits but had very little to do with the development of job-seeking skills related to interviews, applications and resumes. Alumni perceived 4-H as having great impact on general career awareness and less impact on more specific areas of career exploration and selection. However, county 4-H agents, 4-H leaders and other 4-H members were perceived as having very little impact on alumni career planning.

}, author = {Janet Kingsbury Matulis} } @article {7900, title = {Perceptions of 4-H alumni from four Ohio counties concerning the impact of 4-H on their career development}, year = {1984}, pages = {12 pp.}, author = {Janet Kingsbury Matulis and Lowell Hedges} } @mastersthesis {9131, title = {Professional competencies needed by 4-H extension agents in the Tennessee Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1984}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Tennessee State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jacquelyn C. McKinley} } @mastersthesis {9139, title = {Professional competencies needed by Extension employees in urban counties of Ohio}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1984}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Pantelis Ritsos} } @mastersthesis {9134, title = {The professional competencies needed by intermediate agricultural extension personnel in the Kenya agricultural extension service}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1984}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The part of the study that related to 4-H work found: Respondents who had more years as members of 4-H youth clubs rated the professional competencies in 4-H youth competency category higher in importance than those who had less years in 4-H youth clubs.

}, author = {Wycliffe Nyajong Ongondo} } @article {7713, title = {Quality indicators: 4-H club delivery method: Evaluation study}, year = {1984}, pages = {108 pp., includes instrument}, author = {John D. Orr} } @mastersthesis {9117, title = {The relationships between job satisfaction and job performance among county agents in Wisconsin Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1984}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Wisconsin-Madison}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, address = {Madison, WI}, abstract = {

The descriptive study examined the relationships between job satisfaction (JS) and job performance (JP) among Wisconsin agriculture (63) and 4-H agents (48). Data were collected through mailed questionnaire and consultations with personnel officials. There was a significant relation between job performance and income and their satisfaction with all facets of the job, except their salary and opportunity for promotion.

}, author = {Ridwan Dereinda} } @proceedings {6865, title = {Self-perceived benefits of 4-H: Survey of 4-H teen members}, year = {1984}, month = {November 4-8, 1984}, pages = {10-13}, author = {R. F. Price and L. R. Seigel and Anne L. Heinsohn} } @mastersthesis {9138, title = {Sex-role attitudes of senior high school 4-H members regarding careers and employment}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1984}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sheri Lea Richard} } @article {7493, title = {Sharing the 4-H job with leaders}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {22}, year = {1984}, pages = {33-35}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1984november/a4.php}, author = {Robert Felix Richard and Satish Verma} } @conference {7916, title = {Strengthening leadership in Wyoming 4-H community clubs}, booktitle = {NAE4-HA Conference Proceedings}, year = {1984}, note = {

PRK Abstract - Staff Study

}, month = {November 4-8}, pages = {pp. 46-51}, author = {G. A. Rohrbeck} } @mastersthesis {9132, title = {A study of he Extension training needed as perceived by former Extension professionals currently studying in the United States}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1984}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {A. Mohamed} } @mastersthesis {9145, title = {A study of management practices of youth owning horses in Jackson Parish}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1984}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Eddie White} } @mastersthesis {9112, title = {A study of the Edgefield (South Carolina) County 4-H club recognition program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1984}, school = {Tennessee State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Andrew Calhoun (III)} } @mastersthesis {9136, title = {A study to determine the relationship between rural New England extension agent educational orientation and job performance}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1984}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Indiana University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine if there was a relationship between the educational orientation toward teaching adults and job performance. The Educational Orientation Questionnaire (EOQ), a 60-item instrument developed by Hadley (1975) provided scores on an andragogical-pedagogical continuum. Job performance was measured by the Extension Agent Behaviors and Results Anchored Rating System (EABRARS), a performance appraisal instrument developed for this study (based on the standards developed by the American Institutes for Research for the Cooperative Extension Services (1979). The EOQ was sent to the population of 146 agents employed in agriculture, home economics, 4-H/youth, community development and forestry. The response rate was 89\% with 130 completed instruments. No differences in behavior, results or total job performance ratings were found between these groups.

}, author = {Thomas Frank Patterson Jr.} } @booklet {6953, title = {Survey of 4-H public speaking alumni}, year = {1984}, author = {Patricia F. Farmer} } @booklet {7068, title = {Survey of readers, National 4-H News}, year = {1984}, pages = {30 pp.}, author = {National 4-H Council} } @mastersthesis {9126, title = {Task performance and perceived training needs of North Dakota 4-H ambassadors}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1984}, note = {

Listed as \"Huapalla\" in Synthesis and Taxonomy of the 4-H Research Base

}, school = {North Dakota State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to identify leadership tasks which North Dakota 4-H ambassadors felt appropriate for them to perform and to determine their ability to perform those tasks. Self improvement and 4-H promotional tasks were performed by about one-third of the respondents. Sex of the ambassador did not have a noticeable influence on the responses though females had more organizational and project leadership tasks that the males. 4-H ambassadors being well prepared to perform half of the sixty-five leadership tasks. Only a few felt well prepared in self-improvement and 4-H promotional tasks.

}, author = {Hugo Antonio Huapalia Naupay} } @mastersthesis {9120, title = {Teen programs and slide set}, volume = {M.Ext.}, year = {1984}, note = {

Master of Extension degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Charles Gale} } @article {7888, title = {Teenagers and 4-H: Why do they drop out? How can they be retained?}, year = {1984}, pages = {13 pp.}, author = {Stephen Hamilton and Sheryl Kenny} } @mastersthesis {9111, title = {Tennessee 4-H enrollment trends among males and females in nine selected projects, 1969-1981}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1984}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Nancy Lynn Blessing} } @mastersthesis {9114, title = {Volunteer motivation: An exploratory study of 4-H volunteer leaders}, volume = {M.C.S.Ed.}, year = {1984}, note = {

Community Service Education degree

}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Marcia Owen Clark} } @mastersthesis {9133, title = {Youth development competencies desirable for Arizona volunteer 4-H leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1984}, school = {University of Arizona}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study identified 46 youth development competencies desirable for Arizona volunteer 4-H leaders to possess. The target population consisted of active 4-H leaders and all 4-H agents in Arizona. A mailed questionnaire was utilized. Differences between leaders and 4-H agent perceptions of the needed youth development competencies were determined. The findings indicated that 46 out of the 71 competencies were identified as \"very important\" by leaders or agents. The ranking of competencies by leaders and agents were very similar. Competencies identified by both leaders and agents showed very few statistically significant differences.

}, url = {https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/275193}, author = {Gerald Wayne Olson} } @article {7301, title = {4-H and the handicapped: Volunteers{\textquoteright} perception}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {22}, year = {1983}, note = {

Article 1FEA3; Accepted for publication September 1983

}, month = {January 1984}, pages = {18-22}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1984january/a3.php}, author = {Bernadine M. Coleman and Nan Booth} } @proceedings {6833, title = {4-H energy education projects that work}, year = {1983}, pages = {29-32}, author = {U. B. Bakker and Jerry Reyburn} } @mastersthesis {9086, title = {A 4-H fairgrounds for Clatsop County{\textquoteright}s Fair board, Clatsop County, Oregon}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1983}, school = {University of Idaho}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lowell A. Fausett} } @booklet {7075, title = {4-H impact on South Dakota Extension homemakers}, year = {1983}, pages = {4 pp.}, author = {Kenneth Nelson} } @conference {7908, title = {4-H makes a difference--or does it?}, booktitle = {Symposium on Research Needs for Extension Education}, year = {1983}, author = {Parsons, G.} } @booklet {7194, title = {4-H National needs assessment: Analysis and recommendations}, year = {1983}, author = {USDA} } @mastersthesis {9107, title = {An analysis of selected factors affecting the success of community 4-H clubs in Pennsylvania}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1983}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study analyzed selected factors affecting the success of community 4-H clubs in Pennsylvania. Thirteen criteria for identifying more successful/less successful community 4-H clubs were developed. Data was collected from 169 organizational leaders, 277 project leaders, and 304 teenage 4-H members in 31 selected counties. Each of the three participant groups received different questionnaires. Eighty-one percent of the of the returned questionnaires were usable. Chi square and post hoc analysis with the Scheffe test were utilized to determine differences in the attitudes of respondents. More successful clubs had higher numbers of club members, adult leaders, teen leaders, projects, members in each project, new projects and/or activities, club committees, members on each committee, and project committees. Organizational leaders spent more time on 4-H, attended more training meetings and had more contact with local county agents than less successful clubs. Organizational leaders also perceived they received more assistance and training from the county 4-H offices than did less successful clubs. Teenage 4-H members in more successful clubs enrolled in more projects, participated in more activities and spent more time on 4-H than did teenage 4-H members in less successful clubs. Members also perceived their successful clubs had more effective organizational leaders, greater adequacy of projects and a more democratic climate at meetings.

}, author = {Chaicharn Wongsamun} } @booklet {7215, title = {Analysis of supervisor{\textquoteright}s expectations concerning Extension agent performance
}, year = {1983}, author = {S. E. Wright} } @mastersthesis {9106, title = {Assessment of adolescent female dropouts of the 4-H clothing program in Utah during 1980-81}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1983}, school = {Utah State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sharlene Woffinden} } @mastersthesis {9098, title = {An assessment of middle-management volunteers in Oregon{\textquoteright}s 4-H programs}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1983}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Oregon State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Study examined the relationship between participation rate of young people in 4-H programs utilizing middle-management volunteers and selected organizational and descriptive variables. The population of the study was 1979-80 community coordinators in Oregon\&$\#$39;s 4-H programs. Pearson and Spearman correlations and Kendall tau were utilized in the statistical analysis. Findings: Volunteers with higher participation rates were less satisfied with their role, volunteers from lower income families were generally more effective in recruiting that higher income individuals, volunteers whose role was carefully delineated by paid staff were generally more productive, volunteers receiving higher levels of direct paid staff leadership were generally less productive.

}, author = {Richard Warren Noland} } @proceedings {6877, title = {The beginning 4-H volunteer leaders continuation in the leadership role}, year = {1983}, pages = {5-8}, author = {Roy F. Stohler and S. Kay Rockwell} } @mastersthesis {9089, title = {Characteristics of effective trainers of volunteer 4-H leaders in southern California}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1983}, note = {

PRK Abstract

Modified NAL abstract that still needs checking

}, school = {California State College, Bakersfield}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Study determined the characteristics of successful trainers of volunteer 4-H leaders in southern California, and the importance of these characteristics to the training process. Six characteristics emerged as present to a high degree in trainers and important for a trainer to possess: informed about 4-H, understands kids, dependable, warm towards others, organized, and good communicator. Eighty-five percent of the leader trainers were classified into one of four (out of the 8 Myers-Briggs type indicators) based on organization, logic, dependability and perseverance. Three of the four types are people-oriented, exhibiting warmth and sympathy along with a desire for orderliness and facts.

}, author = {Margaret J. Frazee} } @booklet {6962, title = {Characteristics of effective trainers of volunteer 4-H leaders in Southern California}, year = {1983}, author = {Margaret J. Frazee} } @mastersthesis {9078, title = {A comparative study of the effectiveness of the Cooperative Extension Service in two counties in Georgia}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1983}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study investigated the\  extent to which Extension served a predominately agricultural constituency, has adapted to change in two politically geographically and socially differentiated counties in Georgia. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 30 agents and from positional leaders and voluntary association members. Statistical analyses were used to detect differences in perceptions of Extension\&$\#$39;s effectiveness. Multiple regression and path analysis were use in the analysis. Results of the study indicate that respondents are unaware of many services provided by Extension and least aware of the agency\&$\#$39;s community development programs. Although some ambiguity exists between sample groups regarding Extension\&$\#$39;s future role, the agency\&$\#$39;s past and present involvement in agriculture, home economics and 4-H work is well recognized and support for the agency\&$\#$39;s involvement in these areas is evident. Data indicates Extension remains a viable and functional service-delivery agency and has been relatively successful in adapting to social change.

}, author = {Loretta Gail Bonnell} } @mastersthesis {9076, title = {A county marketing plan for the New Jersey 4-H program}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1983}, school = {Glassboro State College [Rowan University]}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This County Marketing Plan for the New Jersey 4-H Prep Program reflects a marketing profile of 4-H Preppers (7-9 years old) and their families researched in Salem and Gloucester Counties. The plan utilizes the classic P\&$\#$39;s of marketing and is supported by supplementary materials including Leader\&$\#$39;s Guide, news releases, public service announcements, brochures, and a slide tape presentation.

}, author = {Judith S. Baillere} } @mastersthesis {9094, title = {Developmental tasks among Alberta rural youth and their implications for 4-H programming}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1983}, school = {University of Alberta, Canada}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Brian Archie Maitland} } @booklet {7134, title = {Early adolescence and their parents: Report comparing 4-H and their parents to the national composite sample}, year = {1983}, author = {Search Institute} } @article {7864, title = {Early adolescents and their parents: Report comparing 4-H youth and their parents to the national composite sample}, year = {1983}, author = {Search Institute} } @mastersthesis {9101, title = {The effect of 4-H foods and nutrition projects and demonstrations on food and nutrition knowledge and dietary adequacy of 4-H{\textquoteright}ers in North Carolina}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1983}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to document the effectiveness of 4-H foods and nutrition projects and demonstrations in increasing knowledge and improving eating habits of North Carolina youth. A nutrition knowledge test of 20 true-false questions and a 24 hour recall was administered to 208 youth ages 15-18. Regardless of the degree of involvement in the foods and nutrition projects, 4-H youth scored significantly higher than did non-4-H youth. Four-H youth had significantly higher intakes of calories, protein, iron and thiamine than did not 4-H youth. Other nutrients except calcium were consumed in larger amounts by 4-H youth than by non-4-H youth but the differences were not significant. Knowledge and dietary adequacy were not influenced by differences in the demographic composition of the groups.

}, author = {Mary Ann Spruill-Pollock} } @article {7580, title = {Employed women: Valuable 4-H volunteers}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {21}, year = {1983}, note = {

Accepted for publication January 1983

}, month = {May 1983}, pages = {5-9}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1983may/83-3-a1.pdf}, author = {Gene Child Whaples and Joanne Marie Bordelon} } @mastersthesis {9105, title = {An evaluation of gains made by Utah 4-H members in animal science skills and life skills as a result of 4-H participation as perceived by members and parents}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1983}, note = {

PRK Abstract

}, school = {Utah State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to survey and measure gains made by Utah 4-H members in animal science skills and social/psychological skills as a result of 4-H participation. Fifteen counties returned 226 usable responses (one half were members and one-half

}, author = {Neville Wesley Williams} } @booklet {6987, title = {An evaluation of the 4-H VISTA project: 1982-1983}, year = {1983}, note = {PRK Abstract of similar title with P. Simon}, author = {D. P. Hedin} } @mastersthesis {9083, title = {Factors contributing to nonreenrollment of 4-H club members in southeastern Florida}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1983}, note = {

PRK Abstract

}, school = {University of Florida}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This study was to determine the diversity and degree of importance of 4-H non-reenrollment reasons, to determine if reasons were associated with selected personal characteristics and programmatic variables. Most respondents indicated that their decision to leave 4-H was multi-faceted in nature. The most frequently given reason was that the club disbanded, the leader quit and having too much else to do. Respondents were generally older than 13, female, white, long term residents, were from families with two or three siblings and married parents, had both parents working and did not have jobs. Respondents generally belonged to no more than one youth group, spent less than two years in 4-H and had more than four friends in 4-H. Respondents holding leadership positions were more likely to indicate a lack of cooperation in the club.

}, author = {Daniel Freas Culbert} } @mastersthesis {9075, title = {Factors influencing the decision of 4-H members to attend 4-H camp}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1983}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Marcia Lee Andrus} } @mastersthesis {9085, title = {Factors related to interest and involvement of selected high school students in the 4-H program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1983}, school = {Auburn University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Shelby B. Ellis} } @mastersthesis {9077, title = {Family process: A systems assessment}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1983}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Texas Woman{\textquoteright}s University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The focus of the study was the development of a valid and reliable scale designed to differentiate patterns of interaction between members in one family system and members in a different family system. Theoretical concepts for the scale emerged from a six-dimensional social field from Kanto and Lehr (1975). Subjects for this study consisted of 25 clinical and nonclinical husband-wife-adolescent child family units from the north Texas area. Non-clinical families were selected by a 4-H agent in Cooke County who identified families who had never received counseling for a family problem. Clinical families were obtained from a youth service organization and a state supported institution. Results from the investigation indicate that one is able to differentiate between members of one family and members of another.

}, author = {Agatha L. Bell} } @mastersthesis {9091, title = {Identification and selection of the appropriate leadership tasks for Ohio{\textquoteright}s teenage 4-H members}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1983}, note = {

PRK Abstract

Modified NAL abstract with need for clarification

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study compared 4-H agent, club advisor, and teenage member perceptions regarding the importance of selected leadership tasks for teenage 4-H members, and the extent to which teenagers should be involved in carrying out these leadership tasks; and examine the differences among agent, advisor, and member perceptions and formulate a set of recommended leadership tasks. Results reveal moderate to extreme ratings of importance and involvement for the 87 leadership tasks by agents, advisors and members. The data also reveal that out of the 87 leadership tasks, all agree on the level of importance and the involvement of 52 leaders tasks. Leadership tasks identified by the state taskforce to represent the most recommended tasks for Ohio teenage 4-H members tended to be more highly rated by 4-H agents.

}, author = {Robert Louis Horton} } @mastersthesis {9084, title = {The influence of task instruction sheets on 4-H horse club members{\textquoteright} performance scores}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1983}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study investigated the effect of using task instruction sheets on the performance scores of 4-H club members studying horse management. Six randomly selected 4-H horse clubs from SE section of Pennsylvania participated. Six horse management clinics were conducted on four competency-based horse management tasks. The volunteer 4-H horse club leaders explained and demonstrated each task. The study findings revealed that those 4-H horse club members who used task instruction sheets scored consistently higher than 4-H horse club members who did not use task instruction sheets.

}, author = {Marianne Lamb Dobbs} } @mastersthesis {9079, title = {Innovative 4-H tobacco programs in selected burley and fire-cured tobacco-producing counties in Tennessee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1983}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Terry L. Brown} } @mastersthesis {9104, title = {Instructional training for 4-H leaders: A proposed leader development program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1983}, school = {University of Alberta, Canada}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Elizabeth A. Webster} } @article {7390, title = {Keeping 4-H members}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {21}, year = {1983}, pages = {19-24}, abstract = {

A survey was given to 44 re-enrollees, 21 dropouts and 54 non-members to determine factors involved in the decision to stay in 4-H. Major reasons for re-enrollment were directly linked to member participation, parental support, completion of a project, and receipt of a project ribbon. Recommendations are given for curriculum, oragnizational and personal decisions.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1983july/a4.php}, author = {Richard Stephen Hartley} } @booklet {7021, title = {Lessons out-of-school: Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts and 4-H clubs as educational environments}, howpublished = {New Designs in Youth Development}, year = {1983}, note = {

PRK Abstract - Paper prepared for the meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Montreal, Canada, April 13, 1983

}, month = {Jan/Feb 1984}, url = {https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED232833.pdf}, author = {Judith Kleinfeld and Anne Shinkwin} } @mastersthesis {9082, title = {Literature review: 4-H camping program and slide set/related materials for promotion of northwestern/northcentral Pennsylvania regional camping program}, volume = {M.Ext.}, year = {1983}, note = {

Master of Extension degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {David M. Cox} } @mastersthesis {9080, title = {Member and leader involvement and attitudes toward existing and possible new 4-H activities in Creek County}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1983}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This study assessed the involvement and attitudes of members and leaders towards existing and possible new activities in Creek County. Twenty-one leaders, 123 junior members and 73 senior members were included in the study. The findings showed a great desire for new and different 4-H programs in the county. It was indicated that it is essential that all leaders and members receive a county 4-H newsletter in order to keep them informed. County fund raising activities were favored over other types of funding for the 4-H program.

}, author = {Kenneth Roy Bryan} } @booklet {6918, title = {National 4-H Awards Task Force (study): Final report}, year = {1983}, author = {Marcius R. Butterfield} } @mastersthesis {9090, title = {A national study and analysis of 4-H/school enrichment programs: Available resources for program expansion}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1983}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Susan Alice Fry} } @mastersthesis {9102, title = {The nature of the relationship among clothing deprivation, self-esteem and socio-economic status of early adolescents}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1983}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Georgia Marie (Simmons) Stuart} } @mastersthesis {9087, title = {The Ohio 4-H dairy goat program as perceived by 1982 4-H members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1983}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to gather background data on Ohio 4-H members that had dairy goat projects in 1982 and to determine their interests in selected dairy goat management topics. The population was all 4-H members in Ohio that had a dairy goat project in 1982. A sample of 91 (72 response) youth were randomly selected from 30 counties throughout the state. The topic area of showing goats was the most important followed by animal differences and health. There were no significant differences between respondents and a follow-up sample of non-respondents.

}, author = {Martha L. Fix} } @booklet {7066, title = {Opinion survey of state and national winners of 4-H competition nationwide}, year = {1983}, pages = {30 pp. and instrument}, author = {National 4-H Clubs of America} } @mastersthesis {9095, title = {Organizational characteristics of the Mississippi Cooperative Extension Service as perceived by selected professional staff}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1983}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The objective of the study was to determine existing and desirable organizational characteristics as perceived by selected Mississippi Cooperative Extension professional staff.

A Likert Profile of Organizational Characteristics short form (POC-S) was used to measure differences. Two hundred and twelve MCES professional staff returned completed questionnaires. One of the questions studied was: Is there a significant difference between existing and desirable POS-C scores when sub-groups of MCES professional staff (district agent, 4-H youth agent, home economist, county leader/agent, and state subject matter specialist. The demographic \"geographical location\" was the only characteristic to show a significant difference. Various recommendations for future study were outlined.

}, author = {Robert Duncan Martin} } @mastersthesis {9097, title = {Perceptions of value priorities in 4-H programs and perceptions of values development and reinforcement by 4-H and youth agents and clientele}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1983}, note = {

PRK Abstract

}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Stout}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This research study was conducted to ascertain information about and perceptions of values from Extension 4-H club participants and educators that will encourage or discourage the use of values in assessing clientele needs within Cooperative Extension. A statewide survey of Wisconsin 4-H and youth agents was conducted by mail; and a pilot study of 4-H members, their parents and 4-H volunteer leaders was personally conducted in five 4-H clubs. Data analysis included frequency counts and percentages of response to each item, with ranked totals for each value and group submitted to a Spearman Rho analysis to determine significant correlations. Results indicated that there tends to be a great deal of agreement among 4-H and youth agents that certain values of most importance to them are present in 4-H programs, and that values are an important consideration in 4-H programming.

}, author = {Lois J. Nelson} } @mastersthesis {9103, title = {Problems that hamper success of county 4-H programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1983}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to identify specific problems in initiating and operating 4-H youth activities which most seriously hamper success of county 4-H programs. Data were obtained from state 4-H leaders and program specialists using the Delphi technique. Of the 74 major problems identified by participants, those considered particularly series were: staff do many things volunteer leaders should do, underuse of older 4-H members in program development, and lack of sufficient data to show impact of projects and programs on 4-H\&$\#$39;ers.

}, author = {Edward Kirangira Tumusiime} } @mastersthesis {9088, title = {Program priorities of older 4-H youth}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1983}, note = {
  1. 1982 or 1983
  2. Mentioned in the Research Summaries in Agricultural Education. Not sure if the study was completed.
}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {D. Flasher} } @mastersthesis {9093, title = {The redevelopment and evaluation of a beginning horsemanship handbook}, volume = {M.A.C.E.}, year = {1983}, note = {

Master Adult and Continuing Education

}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jennifer Edith Leach} } @mastersthesis {9100, title = {The results of the section concerning program emphasis in 4-H from the 1982 survey conducted by the Ohio Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1983}, note = {
  1. PRK Abstract
  2. Modified NAL abstract
}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Columbus, OH}, abstract = {

The purpose of this thesis was to identify where emphasis should be placed with the different program units in 4-H and to determine the relationships of the following selected attribute variables: sex, age, area of employment and areas of resistance. The principle conclusions were that respondents felt that some program units should be given higher emphasis while others should be given lower emphasis. Also there were significant differences between groups of each selected attribute variable.

}, author = {Stephen D. Schumacher} } @mastersthesis {9099, title = {Role perception of leaders and agents in the 4-H program, Acadian Extension District, Louisiana}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1983}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study identified job perceptions of 4-H leaders and agents in the Acadian district of the Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service. Data were obtained through questionnaires given to 25 percent of the 4-H leaders, selected at random, and 100 percent of the 4-H agents. Responses were compared and conclusions drawn. No relationships were found between the 4-H leaders\&$\#$39; perception of their job and the following variables: tenure of the leader, method by which the leader became involved with the program, and the reason the leader remained with the 4-H program. Four-H agents, differed greatly in their perception of job responsibilities when the variable of tenure was studied. New agents felt they should perform all tasks associated with the program, whereas more experienced agents expected the 4-H leader to assume responsibility for many of the tasks.

}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10238737}, author = {Robert Felix Richard} } @mastersthesis {9092, title = {Social recreations: 4-H club recreation leader{\textquoteright}s handbook}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1983}, note = {

1982-3

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {B. Jolliff} } @booklet {7150, title = {Strengthening and expanding 4-H programs in urban areas}, year = {1983}, author = {Joel Robert Soobitsky and Patricia Caroll Panshin} } @booklet {7167, title = {A study of the research base for extension programs: Survey instrument for a national study}, year = {1983}, author = {James C. Summers and H. Peter Marshall} } @booklet {7001, title = {A survey of adult volunteer leaders in the Hawaii 4-H program: Salute to Excellence}, year = {1983}, note = {PRK Abstract}, author = {V. C. Ishizaki} } @unpublished {7817, title = {Training volunteers to train volunteers (follow-up study of the 1983 North Central leader forum)}, year = {1983}, note = {PRK Abstract - Unpublished manuscript}, author = {Faye Caskey} } @mastersthesis {9081, title = {The value of the environmental and natural resource programs as perceived by senior 4-H members in Virginia}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1983}, school = {Virginia State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Petersburg, VA}, author = {Michael James Clifford} } @mastersthesis {9096, title = {Voluntary youth organizations in Toronto, 1880-1930}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1983}, school = {York University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Leila Gay Mitchell McKee} } @booklet {7109, title = {4-H in Idaho: A program assessment}, year = {1982}, author = {Corrine M. Rowe} } @booklet {7191, title = {4-H in the 80{\textquoteright}s: National Needs Assessment for the 4-H Program: Part 1: State staffs}, year = {1982}, note = {Instrument only}, author = {USDA} } @mastersthesis {9058, title = {4-H member continuation: A social exchange perspective}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1982}, note = {

PRK Abstract

}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose was to examine the effects of the variables autonomy, equality, money, social approval and trust on continuation of 10, 11, 12, and 13-year old 4-H members. Data were collected by questionnaire and interview in the homes of 61 continued members and 42 discontinued youth in Story County, Iowa. Seventy-four percent of the subjects indicated they would like to see more offerings in the local 4-H program. The impact of the variables appears to be cumulative. The four most often cited reasons for continuing were as follows: fun, learning, make or do something and friends. The most cited reasons for quitting were: schedule conflicts, boring (not involved), parents, and non-completion of responsibilities. Thirty-eight percent of discontinued youth indicated they would rejoin.

}, author = {Ralph E. Manning} } @article {7413, title = {4-H winners: What do we know about them?}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {20}, year = {1982}, note = {

Accepted for publication September 1981

}, pages = {13-17}, abstract = {

Based on a questionnaire given to 110 Utah state contest winners, this article discusses the profile of a 4-H contest winner. Some of the questions asked were the number of non 4-H club memberships, the number of friends inside and outside of 4-H, why a member of 4-H, personal goals, and motivation. The article closes with questions raised for further study.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1982january/82-1-a2.pdf}, author = {Glen Jenson and Robert Leon Young and Gerald R. Adams and Jay Schavaneveldt} } @article {7723, title = {4-H{\textquoteright}s influence on advanced training careers and leadership roles in adulthood}, year = {1982}, note = {ERIC Document ED 246 227, CE039216 and PRK abstract}, month = {April 1981}, pages = {100 pp.}, author = {S. Kay Rockwell and Roy F. Stohler and Rudman Louis Roy} } @mastersthesis {9061, title = {Agricultural education for youth in Kenya, 1925-1976}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1982}, school = {McGill University, Canada}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Fenton Ruparanganda} } @mastersthesis {9057, title = {Analysis of participant characteristics and program evaluation, Tennessee/Southern Region 4-H fish and wildlife adult leaders{\textquoteright} conference, 29 April-3 May 1981}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1982}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carol E. Kounanis} } @mastersthesis {9038, title = {An assessment of the effects of two residential camp settings on environmental attitude development}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1982}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {William Rogers Christy Jr.} } @article {7929, title = {An assessment of the objectives and implementation of the 4-H Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program summary}, year = {1982}, note = {

Summary is in Box 28, a more detailed analysis was also completed

}, pages = {5 pp.}, author = {USDA ES} } @mastersthesis {9039, title = {The attitude of volunteer leaders in Cecil, Harford and Kent counties, Maryland toward involvement of handicapped in 4-H programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1982}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Bernardine M. Coleman} } @article {7917, title = {A causal model of personal factors influencing participation in 4-H among adult volunteer leaders}, year = {1982}, note = {

See dissertation by author

}, pages = {14 pp.}, author = {Frederick Richard Rohs} } @mastersthesis {9052, title = {Characteristics of family environment and levels of 4-H member participation}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1982}, note = {
  1. PRK Abstract
  2. 4-H Impact Study Abstract
}, pages = {131 leaves}, school = {University of Wisconsin-Madison}, type = {Doctoral }, address = {Madison, WI}, abstract = {

A major purpose of the study was to determine the strength and direction of relationships between levels of 4-H member participation and the family environment variables of cohesion and conflict based on family systems theory. One hundred and sixty-five randomly selected 4-H families from five Wisconsin counties participated with at least one parent and one 4-H member responding to a written questionnaire administered by 4-H teen leaders. The Moos Family Environment Scale (Moos and Moos, 1981) was used to identify family member perceptions of conflict and cohesion in their families. Findings indicated that child and family conflict were positively related to 4-H member participation. No significant relationship was found between family cohesion and 4-H member participation. Level of 4-H participation was not related to family involvement in 4-H. Level of 4-H participation was not related to family socioeconomic status although it was positively related to father\&$\#$39;s occupation. Child\&$\#$39;s 4-H participation was negatively related to parent hours of employment away from the home. There were not enough single parent families in the sample to test any hypotheses related to number of parents in the home. Conclusions: 4-H program designs need to vary to attract different family types, 4-H needs to provide experiences for adolescents that can be carried out independently of parents, varied and reasonable levels of parent time and resource input to 4-H must be accommodated, 4-H efforts to involve parents should facilitate strengthening father-child relationships.

}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/9119506}, author = {Dixie Lee Hesler} } @mastersthesis {9043, title = {Clothing considerations of 4-H members}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1982}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Karen A. Fitch} } @mastersthesis {9068, title = {Computer simulation of policy alternatives of the Minnesota 4-H youth program}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1982}, school = {University of Minnesota}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The Human Services organizations used for this study was Minnesota 4-H youth development program for the University of Minnesota Agricultural Extension Service. The model was constructed based on the theory of organizations which included their structure, technology, environment and relationships. A casual map of the relationships was developed. Indicators of structure, technology and environment were identified and data for each indicator collected from the periods 1925-1980.

}, author = {Laurel Eileen Stulken} } @mastersthesis {9059, title = {Consumer education competency of Iowa 4-H members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1982}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Patricia Jabu Musi} } @article {7449, title = {Country kids in Chicago: Montana{\textquoteright}s first delegation to the National 4-H Club Congress, 1925}, journal = {Montana: Magazine of Western History}, volume = {32}, year = {1982}, pages = {74-77}, author = {Marie MacDonald} } @mastersthesis {9064, title = {Development of a 4-H therapeutic horseback riding program in Carroll County, Maryland}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1982}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

A therapeutic riding program teaches horsemanship in a safe and controlled environment to people who have physical, mental, or psychological handicaps, or who are deaf or blind. The author explains the creation of a therapeutic riding program using his own experiences in establishing the Carroll County, Maryland 4-H Riding for the Handicapped Program and materials published by other programs. Areas of explanation include: administration; insurance; recruitment/training volunteers; physical facilities, special equipment needed for horse and rider, recruiting handicapped riders; funding; public relations and publicity. A sample of an actual riding lesson is included.

}, author = {Robert McMath Shirley} } @mastersthesis {9067, title = {Development of a leader{\textquoteright}s guide handbook for use with the 4-H plantaria project}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1982}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Judith S. Stoudt} } @mastersthesis {9073, title = {Development of an instrument to assess 4-H club meetings in Texas}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1982}, school = {Texas Tech University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Catrennia Ritchie Williamson} } @mastersthesis {9045, title = {Effects of decision process on elder participation in an intergenerational program}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1982}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Arizona State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Elders can make a significant contribution to society. The decision-process treatments in this study were designed based on decision counseling procedures developed by Janis and Mann (1977). It was predicted that subjects in the self-persuasion condition would be more likely to participate than subjects in the balanced-decision making and information only conditions. Volunteer subjects (N=45) were randomly assigned to one of the three decision-process conditions: balanced decision making, self-persuasion, or information-only (control). Subjects were then asked to participate in an intergenerational activity. If they said yes (N=32) they were matched with 4-H clubs and Girl Scout troops. Results indicated that subjects in the self-persuasion condition were not more likely to participate in the intergenerational group (93\%) than subjects in the balanced decision making and information only conditions. No statistical differences were found in the study.

}, author = {Margaret Joan Gavillet} } @mastersthesis {9053, title = {Effects of stress management training on locus of control orientation and state-trait anxiety in adolescents}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1982}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Leah B. Hoopfer} } @booklet {7084, title = {Evaluation study of Nebraska 4-H/Japan Labo international exchange program}, year = {1982}, author = {John D. Orr} } @booklet {7085, title = {Evaluation study of the Nebraska State 4-H conference}, year = {1982}, author = {John D. Orr} } @mastersthesis {9050, title = {Factors and characteristics associated with reenrollment and dropout of younger first year 4-H members in selected West Virginia counties}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1982}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study\&$\#$39;s objective was how to determine the factors and characteristics which are associated with the reenrollment and the dropout of younger first year 4-H members in Ritchie County and eight other counties in West Virginia and to determine possible implications for organization, personnel, and curriculum decisions from the findings of their study. Findings show that 4-H club program may increase reenrollment percentages of first year 4-H members by making some program adjustments. These adjustments are discussed.

}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/9414907}, author = {Richard Stephen Hartley} } @mastersthesis {9071, title = {Factors associated with 4-H club members{\textquoteright} participation in and parental opinions regarding the Calcasieu Parish 4-H market animal project}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1982}, note = {

Note: Wattey in 4-H Impact Abstracts

}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jerry Gene Whatley} } @mastersthesis {9051, title = {Factors associated with the success of participants in the 1981 National FFA livestock judging contest}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1982}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The primary purpose of the study was to determine the factors that were associated with the success of those teams that participated in the 1981 National FFA Livestock Judging Contest. Forty-four advisors and 109 contestants completed the questionnaire. Among other findings, those teams with advisors who rated \"undergraduate courses,\" collegiate livestock judging team,\" and \"FFA or 4-H livestock judging team\" as been \"extremely important\" sources of their experience tended to score higher.

}, author = {Ray Vester Herren} } @mastersthesis {9035, title = {Factors contributing the retention of volunteer 4-H club leaders in Ohio}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1982}, note = {
  1. Title may be \"Contributing factors...\"
  2. PRK Abstract
  3. NAL abstract with modifications
}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This study was to determine if a significant difference existed between continuing volunteer 4-H club leaders and those who have discontinued their participation, in their perception of : motivation for volunteering, the method by which they were recruited to the 4-H program, the orientation program, the continual training program and recognition received. The population studies consisted of continuing and discontinuing volunteer 4-H club leaders in Ohio. There was no difference on all variables except, the number of years served as a 4-H club leader, geographic location, number of children in the family who have participated in 4-H and\  participation in a continual training program.

}, author = {Nancy M. Bigler} } @mastersthesis {9062, title = {Factors influencing 4-H adult volunteers adoption of new skills and knowledge presented at the Texas 4-H Center from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 1981}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1982}, note = {

PRK Abstract

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The Texas 4-H Center, located on Lake Brownwood, officially opened its doors in 1975. Since then, more than 3,000 4-H volunteers received training, though little has been done to determine how much or to what degree the participants utilized new skills. A mailed questionnaire was sent to 250 randomly selected adult 4-H volunteers who had participated in training programs at the Center from January 1980-December 1981. Sixty-two percent (156 subjects) provided usable data. Five factors received a mean rating of 5 or higher: enthusiasm and interest of resource person, availability of handout materials, attitude and interest of participating volunteers, clear instructions on how to apply new skill(s), and the informal exchange of ideas.

}, author = {Clarance Randolph [C.R.] Salmon Jr.} } @mastersthesis {9066, title = {Factors influencing State of Arizona Cooperative Extension 4-H agents to leave their profession}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1982}, note = {
  1. PRK Abstract
  2. NAL Abstract was modified
}, school = {University of Arizona}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Factors were identified that influenced Arizona Cooperative Extension 4-H agents to leave their profession between 1970 and 1981. A population comprised of 21 current and 32 former Arizona Cooperative Extension agents was utilized. Data were collected via a mailed questionnaire. Salary, weekend and evening meetings and pay per hour of work had \"very much influence\" on the former 4-H agents\&$\#$39; decision to leave the profession. Current 4-H agents also indicated that salary, weekend, and evening meetings and pay per hour might influence 4-H agents to leave their profession.

Working with youth to achieve goals and awards had more influence on both the former and current 4-H agents to enter 4-H as a profession than salary or their parents. Majority of the former 4-H agents who were employed at older ages (28 and above) tended to stay longer in the 4-H profession than those employed at younger ages.

}, author = {Patrick Joseph Squire} } @mastersthesis {9069, title = {A feasibility study: Core subject matter programming in 4-H: One approach to determining program priorities}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1982}, note = {

PRK Abstract

}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Glatha Jean Szabadi} } @booklet {7165, title = {Five shaping forces: Using organizational dynamics to do more with less}, year = {1982}, author = {Merton P. Strommen and Shelby Andress} } @mastersthesis {9041, title = {Frequency and correlates of equine behavior disorders and a behavior modification program for chronic cribbers}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1982}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Andrea Sue Doughty} } @booklet {7067, title = {History of the national awards program}, year = {1982}, author = {National 4-H Council} } @mastersthesis {9055, title = {The history of Utah 4-H}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1982}, school = {Utah State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Daniel A. John} } @mastersthesis {9034, title = {Impact of a planned public relations program by the Cooperative Extension Service in Muskogee County, Oklahoma}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1982}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of a public relations program by the Cooperative Extension Service in Muskogee County, Oklahoma. A telephone interview technique was used to collect data and distributed to a random sample. Data revealed that 56\% were aware of having an Extension office in the county and most of the involvement by the respondents and their family members in Extension was in the 4-H program area. Seventy-four percent contacted Extension by phone, 21\% participated in an Extension sponsored meeting, 93\% felt the contact was valuable. Nearly 48\% requested additional information.

}, author = {Michael Fort Bergman} } @mastersthesis {9056, title = {Involving handicapped persons in 4-H}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1982}, note = {

1981 or 1982
Research in Extension

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sue Kohls} } @booklet {6929, title = {The lamplighters, black farm and home demonstrations in Florida: 1915-1965}, year = {1982}, author = {Barbara R. Cotton} } @mastersthesis {9072, title = {A leadership training program for 4-H junior and teen leaders}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1982}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Adelle White} } @booklet {7192, title = {Management and organizational technologies of Chinese rural youth programs: A scientific exchange of rural youth programs between the U.S.A. and the People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China}, year = {1982}, note = {described as a report}, pages = {approx. 50 pp.}, author = {USDA} } @mastersthesis {9048, title = {Missouri{\textquoteright}s 4-H food and nutrition curriculum--A survey of clientele and staff}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1982}, note = {

Paper: PRK Abstract

}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Thesis}, author = {M. J. Grimes} } @article {6940, title = {Models of effective youth organization: A comparative study.}, journal = {New Designs for Youth Development}, volume = {3}, year = {1982}, note = {

PRK Abstract

}, pages = {pp. 9-19}, author = {Rivka A. Eisikovits and Diane P. Hedin and Varda Adam} } @article {7288, title = {Myths about low-income volunteers}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {21}, year = {1982}, note = {

Accepted for Publication November 1982

}, pages = {13-17}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1983march/83-2-a2.pdf}, author = {Anne E. Camasso and Anne L. Heinsohn and Robert B. Lewis} } @mastersthesis {9037, title = {A national assessment of the career and occupational development needs of 4-H youth}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1982}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study of 13 and 17 year-old 4-H members was to determine their career and occupational development level, identify life and work skills possessed, and identify ways they perceive 4-H prepares youth for the world of work. A stratified national random sample of 556 members from 16 states and 69 counties were mailed a questionnaire patterned after other national studies. 4-H members were found to have achieved or exceeded national career and occupational development standards for numerical skills, knowledge of oneself, knowledge of jobs and careers, and other areas. They exceeded national standards in areas of communication skills and career planning. They focused more on professional and technical rather than service and trade occupations. They lacked awareness of their likes and dislikes and failed to recognize discrimination as a reason people aren\&$\#$39;t hired for jobs. 4-H helped members in the development of 19 of the twenty-two life and works skills. They agreed with twenty-three of the thirty ways 4-H prepares youth for the world of work. They were \&$\#$39;neutral\&$\#$39; in agreeing that 4-H helped develop knowledge about specific jobs and careers and provided opportunities to observe and visit with people at work. More than half indicated a future job interest was 4-H related, but they did not realize 4-H projects and activities helped them develop job interests. Recommendations included research regarding older 4-H member retention, job and career supplements for 4-H projects, educational information for parents and development of a specialized economic, job and career program.

}, author = {Laurence Augustus Brown} } @booklet {7193, title = {National needs assessment for the 4-H program: Survey summary of state staffs}, year = {1982}, author = {USDA} } @mastersthesis {9042, title = {Participants in the 4-H junior leadership program: Their characteristics, attitudes and experiences}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1982}, note = {

PRK Abstract

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics, attitudes and perceptions of Ohio junior leaders about the junior leadership program. Junior leaders from 10 counties in Ohio participated. A mailed questionnaire was used to collect data. The most valuable leadership activities were found to be helping with junior fair activities, teaching younger 4-H members and being a camp counselor.

Respondents ranked the most important purpose of junior leadership to be to learn to lead grounds and secondly, to meet people and make a friend. The areas of training which respondents believed they needed most were how to motivate 4-H members to participate, how to recruit new members and styles and concept of leadership. The type of recognition they would like to receive was certificates, plaques or trophies. Recognition by advisors and 4-H agents was also desired.

}, author = {Christine M. Fisher} } @mastersthesis {9049, title = {The perceived awareness of 4-H youth programs by the adult population of Canadian County, Oklahoma}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1982}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine the perceived awareness of the 4-H youth program among the adult population residing in Canadian County, Oklahoma. A telephone survey interview was administered to 382 adults chosen by computer random number selection from all telephone exchanges in the county. The instrument contained 13 questions concerning the respondents\&$\#$39; awareness and knowledge of 4-H and five questions gathering demographic information about the respondents

Ninety-two percent of the adults in the county had heard of 4-H but only 51 percent knew much about the program. Forty-six percent felt that 4-H is for rural youth only. Four out of five adults who have head of 4-H first heard about it at school. Most of the adults in the county received most of their current information about 4-H from the local newspaper. Most adults (87 percent) knew about the 4-H community or school club structure. Fifty seven percent were aware of the 4-H project clubs. Only 15 percent knew about 4-H school enrichment programs. Only 53 percent knew where the county 4-H headquarters was located. Nearly 90 percent of the residents did not have any idea where 4-H gets the majority of its funding. Thirty-two percent of the adults have been a 4-H member and 38 percent have had one or more immediate family members who are or have been in 4-H. Of the residents not aware of 4-H, 7 out of 10 have lived in the county less than one year. Blacks, American Indians and Asian or Pacific Islanders make up a larger percentage of those not aware of 4-H clubs than those who were aware of 4-H. Females were just slightly more aware of 4-H than males. There was no relationship between 4-H awareness and age or level of schooling completed.

}, author = {Kevin Ralph Hackett} } @mastersthesis {9070, title = {Perceived job satisfaction of 4-H and youth agents employed by the Maryland Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1982}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kendra Buckel Wells} } @mastersthesis {9063, title = {Perceived problems of newly employed county agricultural Extension agents}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1982}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Daniel Zephrin Sendeu} } @mastersthesis {9040, title = {Perceptions and competency assessment of tasks in the 4-H program assistant role in the North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1982}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Michael Arnold Davis} } @mastersthesis {9044, title = {Perceptions of 4-H organizational leaders about their leadership capabilities and functions, St. Landry Parish, 1982}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1982}, note = {

PRK Abstract

4-H Impact Study Abstract

}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This study was to determine leader participation in 4-H and self-perception of leadership capabilities and functions as related to age and tenure. The participants of this study were the total population of St. Landry Parish organizational leaders. Personal interviews were conducted. Frequency distribution, analysis of variance, correlation coefficient and chi-square procedures were used for statistical analysis. The results indicated that the majority of 4-H leaders were female, black, 31-40 years of age, and had a bachelor\&$\#$39;s degree. Highly significant relationships were observed between leader understanding of 4-H functions, age and tenure in St. Landry Parish and total tenure.

}, author = {Margaret Hodges Frey} } @booklet {6941, title = {Perspectives and program proposals for an applied research collaboration by the Center for Youth Development and Research and the 4-H Youth Development Program of the Agricultural Extension Service, University of Minnesota: a consultant report}, year = {1982}, author = {Zvi Eisikovits} } @mastersthesis {9074, title = {Professional competencies needed by 4-H extension agents as acquired during pre-service, first year and continuing in-service training}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1982}, note = {

PRK Abstract

Modified NAL record

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study identified competencies needed by a 4-H Extension agent at the entry level; by the end of the first year of employment or later in one\&$\#$39;s career through graduate school and in-service training. A nationwide study was conducted by survey to a stratified random sample of 200 4-H Extension agents. The instrument consisted of 450 competency statements. Data were analyzed by using SPSS. Ninety-two percent of the competencies listed were felt to be needed at some time in the career of a 4-H Extension agent by 90-100\% of the respondents. A three part self-assessment instrument composed of 447 competency statements was proposed.

}, author = {Gail Poffenberger Yeiser} } @mastersthesis {9047, title = {The professional competencies needed by extension agents in the Pennsylvania Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1982}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study identified 144 professional competencies needed by extension agents in Pennsylvania. A stratified random sample of extension agents in agriculture and natural resources, family living, 4-H and community development from nine administrative districts was selected for the study. A questionnaire, cover letter and self-addressed stamped envelope were mailed to 116 Extension agents and state staff members. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. There were no significant differences in the perceptions of extension agents and state staff members regarding the importance of nine competency categories. The combined demographic factors showed a significant effect in the case of the youth program execution and administrative competency scales. The combined responses indicated that 26 competencies should be learned before entering the job, 6 competencies during a graduate program, and the remaining 113 can be learned on the job or through in-service. Finally, competencies included in the teaching, communication and understanding of human behavior categories should form a key component of any undergraduate program developed for preparing Extension agents.

}, author = {Ismael Miley Gonzalez} } @mastersthesis {9046, title = {A promotional slide-tape presentation for the Elkhart County Mini 4-H program}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1982}, school = {Ball State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carol A. Gehrs} } @article {7354, title = {Recruiting 4-H leaders: What tips the scale?}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {20}, year = {1982}, note = {

PRK Abstract

}, month = {May/June 1982}, pages = {15-20}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1982may/82-3-a3.pdf}, author = {Mary Louise Fuhry} } @article {7830, title = {A research study of the 4-H adventure program}, year = {1982}, author = {W. S. Dixon} } @mastersthesis {9065, title = {Selected factors related to 4-H membership, participation and retention of eighth grade students in Bradley County, Tennessee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1982}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kaye Morrisette Smith} } @mastersthesis {9054, title = {Short term 4-H project in rock climbing}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1982}, school = {Minnesota State University, Mankato}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Julie Howell} } @mastersthesis {9060, title = {Social background, personality and attitudinal factors influencing the decision to volunteer and level of involvement among adult 4-H leaders}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1982}, note = {

PRK Abstract

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The social background, personality, and attitudinal factors influencing the decision to volunteer and level of involvement among adult 4-H leaders was studied. The Smith-Sequential Specificity Model of Voluntary Participation was used to hypothesize the influence on of these factors on voluntary participation. The measures of voluntary participation were continued participation as a 4-H leader, years of service as a 4-H leader, hours spent per moth at the local level, hours spent per year at area and state events. The strongest associations were found between voluntary participation and the social background factors of age of leaders and length of residence in the community. Analysis revealed that the factors age, years as a 4-H member, whether children were in 4-H or not, and attractiveness of 4-H had a direct positive influence on a leader\&$\#$39;s length of service and the occupational status of laborer had a direct negative influence on length of service.

}, author = {Frederick Richard Rohs} } @conference {7931, title = {Societal needs of youth, family and volunteers: A review of selected literature}, booktitle = {National 4-H Needs Assessment Project}, year = {1982}, note = {

Paper prepared for the National 4-H Needs Assessment Project

}, month = {July 1982}, pages = {96 pp.}, author = {David E. Weatherford and Carol G. Weatherford} } @booklet {7222, title = {A statement of national 4-H goals}, year = {1982} } @article {7881, title = {A study of 4-H volunteers}, year = {1982}, author = {Faye Caskey} } @mastersthesis {9036, title = {Tennessee 4-H enrollment trends, 1960-1979}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1982}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mary Jo Lee Brinkmann} } @article {7879, title = {Volunteer reimbursement policy survey}, year = {1982}, author = {Richard A. Byrne} } @article {7708, title = {1980 Survey of Successful 4-H programs with teen}, year = {1981}, pages = {28 pp.}, author = {NAE4-HA [National Association of Extension 4-H Agents]} } @booklet {7108, title = {4-H junior leader alcohol education project}, year = {1981}, note = {PRK Abstract}, author = {S. Kay Rockwell and Roy F. Stohler and L. H. Rottman} } @mastersthesis {9013, title = {4-H participation and personal development as perceived by twelfth grade members in Delaware County, Iowa}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1981}, note = {
  1. PRK Abstract
  2. Modified NAL abstract
}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

A study to describe the relationship between participation in Delaware County 4-H activities and 4-H member\&$\#$39;s personal development. Twelfth grade students who were members of 4-H clubs participated in this research. The members self-selected the level of treatment in which they were exposed before the research began. The 4-H Activity Inventory, Jury\&$\#$39;s Importance Survey of Delaware County 4-H Activities, and Personal Development Inventory were used. Participation in 4-H was the only factor measured in the study which could have influenced a respondent\&$\#$39;s score on any of the scales measured. Therefore, the evidence which measured the relationship between participation and personal development indicated a tendency, but not conclusive cause and effect.

}, author = {Rodney Bruce Hamer} } @mastersthesis {9024, title = {4-H participation in Waseca County, Minnesota}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1981}, note = {

Master of Education degree

PRK Abstract

}, school = {University of Minnesota}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to determine reasons for the decrease in 4-H enrollment in Waseca County, MN comparing presently enrolled members and members who had dropped out of the program.

A sample survey was used with members enrolled and former members to determine reasons for remaining or dropping out of the 4-H program.

The results indicated that the majority of members come from rural, two-parent, two children families where the mother was not employed outside the home. Youth dropped out of the 4-H program when mothers became employed outside the home and the fathers were not involved in the program.

Dropouts expressed the following dislikes for the current program: 4-H record keeping system, club leaders and club meetings. Members and non-members expressed the need to become more involved in their own program and to have offered to them more relevant programs based on needs of today\&$\#$39;s youth.

}, author = {Sheryl Pearson Nefstead} } @mastersthesis {9006, title = {An analysis of demographic variables and their relationships to selected teaching activities of agricultural education students and graduates from four universities in Illinois}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1981}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Illinois}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study gathered demographic information about Agricultural Education students and graduates and their perceptions concerning the effectiveness of their teacher preparation in Agricultural Education. The source of data used in this study was the 1979 survey of 315 juniors and seniors and graduates from the previous five years in Agricultural Education curriculums in four Illinois Universities. Four hundred and sixty-two subjects were identified; 315 provided usable data. The results showed that there was a significant difference in selected teaching activities based on demographic factors of the respondents. Those showing significant differences were: sex, community college transfers, subject area specialty, farm work experience, enrollment in FFA, enrollment in high school agriculture, graduates not teaching, preparation satisfaction, enrollment in 4-H, junior high school agriculture and career satisfaction. Thirteen demographic factors showed significant differences: sex, graduates, community college transfers, subject area specialty, farm work experience, non farm work experience, enrollment in FFA, enrollment in high school agriculture, graduates not teaching, enrollment in 4-H, student teaching satisfaction, career satisfaction, and student status. There was no significant difference among respondents with zero to five years of teaching experience and the expressed present skill level and expressed past skill level in each of the 24 selected teaching activities.

}, author = {James Ivan Ethridge} } @booklet {7163, title = {The beginning 4-H volunteer leader{\textquoteright}s continuation in the leadership role}, year = {1981}, note = {PRK Abstract}, author = {Roy F. Stohler and S. Kay Rockwell} } @booklet {7164, title = {The beginning 4-H volunteer leader{\textquoteright}s continuation in the leadership role}, year = {1981}, pages = {89 pp.}, author = {Roy F. Stohler and S. Kay Rockwell} } @mastersthesis {9030, title = {Boards of county commissioners{\textquoteright} knowledge and perception of the University of Idaho Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1981}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Idaho}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study sought to determine how the members of the Boards of County Commissioners in Idaho perceived the programs and activities of the University of Idaho Cooperative Extension Service in their counties. A total of 57 commissioners responded to the survey from 42 counties in Idaho having Extension Service offices. A sample of Extension agents were also surveyed. Over 50 percent of the commissioners indicated they perceived the major role of Extension to be that of helping people solve problems and to provide information. Eighty-five percent used their own observations or contact with the extension agent as a source of influence. Ninety-five percent of the commissioners were satisfied with the relationship between themselves and the agents, while only a little more than 50 percent of the agents indicated they were satisfied with this relationship. Eighty percent indicated that the Extension staff to be the right size and only two percent indicating that it was too small. They ranked involvement of the staff with the 4-H youth and the average size farm being of greatest importance. The commissioners were not as familiar with the work of the 4-H agent and home economist in the county as they were with the agricultural agent.

}, author = {William Hardie Shane} } @mastersthesis {9019, title = {Clothing practices of Oregon 4-H youth: Purchase, daily selection, and care}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1981}, school = {Oregon State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Janet Katy Hatch May} } @booklet {6989, title = {A comparative study and field testing of recruitment, training and retaining of low-income volunteer youth programs}, year = {1981}, author = {Anne L. Heinsohn and Robert B. Lewis and Anne E. Camasso} } @mastersthesis {9022, title = {A comparison of the effects of an Extension Service nutrition lesson series on youth in the 4-H EFNEP and 4-H foods projects}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1981}, school = {University of Arizona}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Katherine Garrels Merrick} } @mastersthesis {9016, title = {Components of leadership development through 4-H program and their implementation}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1981}, note = {

Summaries of Research. Not sure whether this was 1980 or 1981

}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Christine A. Johnson} } @booklet {6976, title = {Cultural arts in 4-H -- Summary of 1981 Wisconsin 4-H cultural arts survey}, year = {1981}, author = {William E. Gleason and others} } @mastersthesis {9023, title = {Effectiveness of the 4-H life skills approach to leadership development}, volume = {Ed. D.}, year = {1981}, note = {
  1. PRK Abstract
  2. Modified NAL abstract
}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose was to determine if the 4-H life skills approach to leadership development as presented through Southern region 4-H leadership life skills materials, was more effective method of teaching skills that are necessary to perform leadership roles than current methods. There was found to be an apparent difference between the pre and posttests on leadership life skills for participating youth. It was concluded that the southern region\&$\#$39;s approach was a more effective method.

}, author = {Merl Eldon Miller} } @mastersthesis {9028, title = {The effects of a non-competitive awards program on the motivation of young people}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1981}, note = {

Modified NAL Record

}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study compared the results of a non-competitive awards program with those of a competitive awards program in four major areas: completion of project records, project knowledge and skills acquired, plans to reenroll in 4-H and development of a more positive attitude about 4-H. the sample for the study consisted of 1,113 youth in 23 experimental 4-H clubs and 1,025 in 23 control clubs. One thousand ninety-six were in grades 4-6, 627 in grades 7-9 and 413 in 10-12. The sample was drawn by stratified random clusters proportionately distributed in seven Eastern parishes of Louisiana. Findings indicated significant differences between the experimental and control groups in 16 out of the 43 comparisons. The project completion award was the most effective in encouraging record book completions among the first year members and those members in 4-6 grades. Members who completed project records reported learning more at all grade levels. Members who have project help had significantly greater project completions at the 4-6 and 7-9 grade levels. Plans for re-enrollment were not significantly affected by the experimental awards program. Significant difference was found between grade level and liking 4-H contests: the 10-12 grade level liked contests the most. Members at all grade levels indicated in significant numbers a desire for an annual project completion award, with the greatest interest shown by those at the 4-6 grade level.

}, author = {Norma Jean Roberts} } @mastersthesis {9005, title = {The effects of task instruction sheets on the performance of three groups of clientele studying sheep production}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1981}, note = {

PRK Abstract

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {James Earland Diamond} } @mastersthesis {9008, title = {An evaluation of Cooperative Extension Service Printed Materials which contribute toward building family strengths}, volume = {M.O.E.}, year = {1981}, school = {University of New Hampshire}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lenette Newell Foster} } @article {7714, title = {Evaluation study of the 4-H program contribution to family strength}, year = {1981}, month = {July 1981}, author = {John D. Orr and Ronald T. Daly} } @mastersthesis {9010, title = {Extracurricular activities of youth in grades four through nine}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1981}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Patricia A. Gordon} } @article {7838, title = {Extracurricular activities of youth in Lancaster county}, year = {1981}, pages = {19 pp.}, author = {Patricia A. Gordon} } @mastersthesis {9029, title = {Factors associated with participation of older 4-H members in West Baton Rouge Parish, 1980}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1981}, note = {

PRK Abstract

4-H Impact Study Abstract

}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study determined the nature and extent of participation by older 4-H club members for use in future parish and state programming. Questionnaires were completed by 72 ninth, tenth and eleventh grade club members attending the September 1980 4-H club meetings held in three high school clubs. Correlation and analysis of variance were used to test the relationship of the importance place on the 4-H club versus participation in other club and relationships of cooperation, competition and satisfaction in the 4-H club with participation in 4-H programs. The findings indicate high family stability and residency tenure among the families of respondents. Club members and parents were club or organization oriented.

}, author = {Lorris Metz Rochon} } @mastersthesis {9014, title = {Factors contributing to the success of young farmer and homemaker programs in Tennessee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1981}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Isak Bin Haji Ibrahim} } @article {7725, title = {Home and family projects}, year = {1981}, author = {Boyd Rossing and Eldora Keske} } @article {7763, title = {How well are 4-H programs attaining Century III objectives? An analysis of Wisconsin survey data}, year = {1981}, note = {Extension Division of Program and Staff Development}, month = {1981}, pages = {35 pp.}, author = {Sara M. Steele and Boyd Rossing} } @mastersthesis {9021, title = {Hypertension studies on South Carolina adolescents and young adults}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1981}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Clemson University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Hypertension studies were conducted on two South Carolina populations to determine possible etiological factors (physical, dietary, and hair mineral concentrations). Studies were conducted on adolescents attending 4-H Camp Bob Cooper and on young adults at Clemson University. Blood pressure, weight and height were recorded and adolescents were interviewed on dietary habits and time spent in various activities. Findings showed that variation in hair mineral concentrations are related to blood pressures.

}, author = {Denis Michael Medeiros} } @mastersthesis {9003, title = {Identification of primary and secondary components for inclusion in development of organized county 4-H teen groups}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1981}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Arlene Crist} } @mastersthesis {9020, title = {Influences of energy conservation education on attitudes and behaviors of selected youths in Piedmont, North Carolina}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1981}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of North Carolina, Greensboro}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this experimental study was to examine attitudes and behaviors of selected youths in Piedmont North Carolina toward energy conservation. The sample consisted of 284 youths (127 control groups and 157 experimental groups). Youths were seven to nineteen years old, were members of a 4-H club and resided in one of 14 counties of Piedmont North Carolina. Each youth completed a pretest and posttest (concerning attitudes and behaviors toward energy conservation) between November 1980 and January 1981. Data revealed that 60 percent of the youths had taken energy conservation classes in school and 40 percent had participated in a 4-H energy class or an energy assignment or project. The most favorable behavior changes were found among those who were older and the lived in towns and cities greater than 10,000 people. Those who experienced more classes reported more energy conscious changes. However, the most significant attitude change was found for those youths who had no prior energy conservation experiences.

}, author = {Linda Flowers McCutcheon} } @mastersthesis {9002, title = {The interrelationship of self-concept and performance and selected characteristics of extension 4-H youth agents within the Mississippi Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1981}, note = {

PRK Abstract

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Study determined the interrelationship of the Mississippi Cooperative Extension Service 4-H youth agents\&$\#$39; self-concept as measured by the MCES performance evaluation instrument with selected characteristics. Statistical procedures included determining central tendencies, frequencies, percentages, and stepwise multiple regression. Data analysis revealed no significant correlations between the scales related to personal, physical, family, moral, ethical, and social self and performance of 4-H youth agents. Stepwise multiple regression produced no combination of self-concept variables significantly related to overall performance of respondents. Only one variable, gender explained a significant portion of the variance. Female agents scored higher than males on the performance rating. All the variables in the predictor set collectively explained 24.33 percent of the performance variance. The self-concept variables of self-criticism and moral ethical self were not related enough to the performance measurement to enter the prediction equation.

}, author = {Jean Bonds Crane} } @mastersthesis {9012, title = {Involvement of youth in Wisconsin State Fair activities as a part of the Marquette County 4-H program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1981}, school = {University of Wisconsin, River Falls}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Andrew E. Halbach} } @mastersthesis {9007, title = {The job satisfaction of 4-H agents in the North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1981}, note = {

PRK Abstract

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Numerous studies have investigated the job satisfaction of persons working in other sectors of our society. The primary purpose of this study was to describe the relationships between selected factors of job satisfaction (achievement, advancement, recognition, responsibility, the work itself) and job dissatisfaction factors (interpersonal relations, policy and administration, salary, supervision-technical, working conditions) of the 4-H agents in the North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service. A three-part mailed questionnaire was used to collect data from a population of 128 county level Extension educators whose program assignments included 4-H. Part 1 was an adaptation of the job satisfaction/ dissatisfaction scale developed by Orlin Wood (1973). Part II was an modified version of the Brayfield-Rothe job satisfaction questionnaire and Part III collected demographic data. A pilot test was conducted with a random sample of 40 4-H agents. The response rate for this study was 96\%. Descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, an analysis of variance, t-test, and regression analysis were used to in analyzing the data. 4-H agents were found to be moderately satisfied when all aspects of the job were considered. The factor showing the strongest relationship with job satisfaction was \"the work itself\" and the weakest was \"advancement\". \"Working conditions\" had the strongest relationship related to dissatisfaction and the weakest was \"salary\". The regression analysis showed that factors of job satisfaction explained more of the variance in job satisfaction scores than did the job dissatisfaction factors. Low significant relationships were found between job satisfaction and the demographic variables of age, years of service and income level. Researcher concludes however, that there may be other variables and/or organizational factors which have a greater impact on the turnover of 4-H agents. Further research and evaluation was recommended.

}, author = {Thelma Jean Feaster} } @mastersthesis {9031, title = {Knowledge of expanded sex roles and attitudes toward self-concept development as related to nontraditional 4-H project selection}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1981}, note = {

PRK Abstract
Summaries of Research

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to identify the significant factors that influenced 4-H members to select nontraditional 4-H projects. Six hundred and thirty-three members at the 1981 club congress participated in the study. Findings identified that non-traditional project selection was influenced by one\&$\#$39;s self concept.

}, author = {Karen Sue Snyder} } @mastersthesis {9032, title = {Membership in 4-H: A comparison of children from two different family structures}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1981}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Grace Lee Thomas} } @mastersthesis {9026, title = {A model of self-esteem of young adolescents}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1981}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

A modeling predicting levels of self-esteem (SE) in adolescents was constructed utilizing variables based on both existing research and statistical procedures: Measures of structural antecedents, parenting practices, and the adolescent\&$\#$39;s perceptions of home life. A sample of 12 to 14 adolescents enrolled in 4-H clubs in the greater Indianapolis, Indiana area was used to test the model. Findings: The model was more accurate in predicting levels of SE in females.

This study confirmed the importance of the family and home life in the adolescent\&$\#$39;s development of SE. Adolescents who feel positive about their family life also feel positive about their self-worth.

}, author = {William Harrell Reid Jr.} } @article {7397, title = {Motivating the adult 4-H volunteer}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {19}, year = {1981}, note = {

Research in Brief 1RIB5

}, pages = {19-27}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1999february/rb5.php}, author = {Karla Ann Henderson} } @mastersthesis {9001, title = {Nutrition knowledge of young adults}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1981}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The main objective of this study was to prepare a questionnaire on basic nutrition knowledge and to standardize its use for groups of young adults. Sixteen professionals in nutrition and home economics education validated statements for use in the questionnaire. The final instrument was a total of 50 multiple choice questions based on 20 items related to physiological aspects of nutrition, 10 to socio-psychological and economic aspects and 20 to food as sources of nutrients.

The instrument was pretested and standardized with 168 students at the end of an introductory nutrition course. Groups who had prior nutrition training scored higher than most of the other groups. Significantly lower mean scores were found for groups of university students without prior nutrition instruction, student nurses, 4-H leaders, and parents. Generalizations identified in the study could be used to develop programs of nutrition education for the public. The questionnaire proved reliable for testing nutrition knowledge.

}, author = {Maxine Marie Jones Corey} } @book {6820, title = {Organizing 4-H clubs in public housing projects}, year = {1981}, note = {Companion Piece with same title}, author = {Judy M. Groff} } @mastersthesis {9027, title = {Perceptions of the 4-H club advisors toward handicapped individuals}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1981}, note = {

PRK Abstract
Abstract from NAL Library

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

One objective was to measure the attitude of current 4-H advisors in Ohio toward handicapped individuals. This attitude measure was then compared with six independent variables to determine what, if any, degree of association occurred. All respondents scored either in the medium or high category on the Attitude Toward Handicapped Individuals scale. The age, sex, if advisors had children of their own in 4-H, type of 4-H club, and training in working with handicapped persons showed no degree of association with attitude measure. Experience in working with the handicapped showed no degree of association with attitude scores, however the rating of that experience (very unfavorable to very favorable) did show a low degree of association. The creative development of activities in which 4-H advisors can have a successful cooperative experience with handicapped persons is needed. Such activities may reduce attitudinal barriers toward handicapped individuals.

}, author = {Cindy L. Rigsby} } @mastersthesis {9015, title = {A preliminary investigation of the significant other relationship experienced by home economists in higher education}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1981}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Illinois}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to determine whether home economists in higher education perceived significant others as having played an influential role in their professional career development. A random sample of 212 respondents was chosen from among home economists in higher education who met the criteria of AHEA membership, AHEA membership survey completion, female gender, doctorate in 1960 or thereafter, hold a bachelor\&$\#$39;s degree in home economics, and currently employed in an institution of higher education. Findings from the questionnaire study revealed that the majority of respondents had an individual or individuals whom they felt were significant in their professional career development. The primary significant-other relationship was a female graduate professor and began during the respondent\&$\#$39;s master\&$\#$39;s program. However, male significant others provided encouragement to present professional papers at conferences and showed the respondent how to combine work and family. This was especially true if the significant other was a high school teacher, 4-H advisor, undergraduate or graduate professor. Receiving encouragement to continue their education after marriage was very important in contrast to those who did not have a significant other relationship.

}, author = {Marjorie Weyant Inana} } @article {7863, title = {Psychosocial maturity in 4-H and non 4-H youth: Research Summary}, year = {1981}, author = {Robert Leon Young} } @mastersthesis {9011, title = {The relationship of personal and social adjustment to clothing attitudes of 4-H boys and girls}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1981}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study used the theoretical model of Horn (1968) and Symbolic Interaction Theory to examine personal and social adjustment variables which were hypothesized to be related to attitudes held about clothing. The sample included 368 randomly selected 4-H boys and girls from 13 prominently mid-western states. Data were analyzed by a one-way analysis of variance on the total clothing attitude survey (TCAS) score by the independent variables. Correlation coefficients were calculated between components of the TCAS and the independent variables. Chi-square and a stepwise multiple linear regression model were also used to analyze the data.

Findings indicated that the personal adjustment variables of sex, self-concept, socioeconomic status did impact on attitudes toward clothing. Females and persons of high socio-economic status and high self-concept were more concerned about all aspects of clothing. Social adjustment variables did not show such clear indications.

}, author = {Barbara Pearman Gregory} } @mastersthesis {9025, title = {Student knowledge of agricultural occupations upon enrollment in agricultural programs in Ohio Joint Vocational Schools}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1981}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Samuel Ibidapo Ogunrinde} } @mastersthesis {8999, title = {A study of 4-H leadership effectiveness utilizing the expanded contingency model}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1981}, note = {

PRK Abstract

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This investigation attempted to validate an expanded version of Fielder\&$\#$39;s Contingency Model of leadership effectiveness. Hardy and Bohren proposed a 16 celled expansion of Fieder\&$\#$39;s Model that included the dimension of organizational complexity. This study utilized the 16-celled model under conditions of low complexity of organizational structure in predicting effective leadership in 4-H clubs. The subjects were organizational 4-H leaders and project leaders in the Maryland 4-H program. It was assumed that projects involved a high degree of structure, whereas organizational activities were assumed to be unstructured in nature. Both inexperienced and experienced leaders were studied in order to determine conditions under which task oriented versus human relations oriented leaders are more or less effective based on the leader\&$\#$39;s experience and nature of task.

}, author = {Richard Raymond Angus} } @mastersthesis {9004, title = {A study of factors associated with the tenure of local 4-H leaders in Idaho}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1981}, note = {

PRK Abstract

}, school = {University of Idaho}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Factors were determined that could be used to select 4-H leaders who would be more apt to continue in the 4-H program over a number of years. The sample was selected from 4-H leaders and former leaders in Idaho. Most leaders were from (42.5\%) were from one-leader clubs. Community type clubs had the greatest leader tenure. Leaders believed the ideal number of members to be 6-10 youth per leader. Jobs rated as much or more inconvenient for leaders to perform included serving included serving on camp staff, maintaining parent participation and developing parent interest. Most leaders indicated they received training from personal study (74.8\%) rather than from leader training meetings (32.6\%).

}, author = {Raynold David Davis} } @mastersthesis {9033, title = {A study of Maryland 4-H extension agents attitudes towards the disadvantaged}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1981}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Vaughn P. White} } @mastersthesis {9000, title = {A study of the history and development of the 4-H pullet shows and sales in Tennessee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1981}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Okeke Chime} } @mastersthesis {9018, title = {Suggested guidelines for conducting agricultural youth organizations in the northern states of Nigeria}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1981}, school = {Kansas State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Solomon Ndatsadu Kolo} } @booklet {6957, title = {A survey of the Wyoming County 4-H livestock program}, year = {1981}, author = {Wayne Fisher and Bill Umscheid} } @mastersthesis {9017, title = {University of Wisconsin Extension Administrator, Program Leader and County Extension Agent perceptions of an attitude toward the role of the extension home economist in Wisconsin}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1981}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Stout}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Denise Bushey Kirkeeng} } @mastersthesis {9009, title = {Youth learning to be leaders: A 4-H youth leadership development project workbook}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1981}, school = {California State University, Sacramento}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8900235}, author = {Jeannette Lee George} } @article {7801, title = {4-H and Red Cross: Working together}, year = {1980}, pages = {11 pp.}, author = {USDA Extension Service} } @mastersthesis {8979, title = {Attitudes of 4-H members and extension homemakers toward single parents}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1980}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Stout}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Alice Langham} } @article {7601, title = {Barriers to full employment of rural youth}, journal = {Children and Youth Services Review}, volume = {2}, year = {1980}, note = {4-H Impact Study Abstract}, pages = {63-80}, author = {J. M. Ziegler} } @mastersthesis {8996, title = {Career appearance education for senior 4-H club members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1980}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jeanette Adcock Tucker} } @mastersthesis {8969, title = {Characteristics of successful senior 4-H programs in five selected counties in Tennessee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1980}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Seyed Bahaedin Dadras} } @mastersthesis {8976, title = {Effectiveness of the 4-H clothing construction project as measured through a workshop teaching method}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1980}, school = {University of Arkansas}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carol Godfrey} } @mastersthesis {8981, title = {The effects of certain extension educational programs on selected attitude changes in low-income adults}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1980}, note = {

4-H Impact Study Abstract

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Richard Terry Liles} } @mastersthesis {8989, title = {Effects of reinforcement on intrinsic motivation of youth, ages nine through nineteen, and implication for the 4-H youth program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1980}, school = {University of Wyoming}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Michael A. Schneider} } @article {7699, title = {An evaluation and accountability study of three selected Extension 4-H staffing models}, year = {1980}, pages = {11 pp.}, author = {Norman Dale Long} } @booklet {7189, title = {Evaluation of economic and social consequences of Cooperative Extension programs}, year = {1980}, author = {USDA} } @booklet {7221, title = {Evaluation of economic and social consequences of Cooperative Extension programs}, year = {1980} } @proceedings {6845, title = {Evaluation of NAE4-HA by ASAE}, year = {1980}, month = {November 1980}, pages = {63-68}, author = {Ellen Elliott} } @mastersthesis {8992, title = {An evaluation of the 4-H embryology project in the state of Pennsylvania}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1980}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Donna Christine Stavick} } @mastersthesis {8997, title = {Factors influencing the retention of 4-H club members through the seventh grade in Dickson County, Tennessee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1980}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jane Williams Wedgeworth} } @mastersthesis {8990, title = {Factors influencing the tenure of vocational agriculture teachers}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1980}, note = {

Modified NAL abstracts

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study identified reasons teachers leave the profession.

Six null hypotheses were tested. Addresses were located of 155 and 71.4 percent responded. The survey form was developed by Knight at Ohio State. Student and teacher pilot surveys were issued in advance of the study. Among the principal findings: A relationship was found between the years of 4-H membership and tenure in teaching. The main reasons in order of importance were: long range goal was different than teaching vocational agriculture, salary, inadequate administration support and backing, students in class who should not be in vocational agriculture, negative student attitudes, disliked disciplining students.

}, author = {James Samuel Shadle} } @mastersthesis {8973, title = {Factors related to the dropout rate and retention of senior 4-H boys and girls in Peach County, Georgia}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1980}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {B. Steven Fain} } @mastersthesis {8985, title = {Family characteristics and their relationship to 4-H club participation in Clark County}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1980}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Eau Claire}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Michael Louis Perkl} } @booklet {7060, title = {Guidelines for cooperating with the defense department in local 4-H programming: A federal 4-H intern project}, year = {1980}, note = {includes case studies}, author = {Steve Mullen} } @mastersthesis {8983, title = {An image study of the 4-H youth development program among the adult residents of Cumberland County, New Jersey}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1980}, school = {Glassboro State College [Rowan University]}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Marilyn N. Mozenter} } @mastersthesis {8963, title = {An impact model for evaluating 4-H programs for the handicapped child}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1980}, school = {Ball State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Floyd Forrest Branson} } @mastersthesis {8986, title = {Impact of certain factors on active 4-H participation in Prince Edward County, Virginia}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1980}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Virginia State University, Petersburg}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to determine if the 4-H members\&$\#$39; locality, parental support, type of membership, and/or age had any significant impact on the members\&$\#$39; attitudes toward the 4-H program. Findings indicate that only one factor had any significant impact on active 4-H participation in Prince Edward County: Parental support.

}, author = {Kylor Bernard Reed} } @article {7822, title = {An impact study of selected Extension programs that assist people to recognize and pursue economic opportunities}, year = {1980}, author = {J. R. Carpenter and others} } @article {7459, title = {Integrity versus pragmatism: Planning the national 4-H evaluation}, journal = {Education and Urban Society}, volume = {13}, year = {1980}, pages = {13-36}, author = {James Milton Meyers} } @mastersthesis {8987, title = {An investigation of the agricultural education background for accident involved and non-involved farm tractor and machinery operators in Minnesota}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1980}, school = {University of Minnesota}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to answer these questions: (1) Was the distribution of work injuries of the 1978 Minnesota Farm Accident Survey significantly different from the distribution of work injuries compiled by the National Safety Council (2) What was the participation of farm tractor and machinery operations in the ongoing agricultural education programs, and (3) Was there a difference in the participation in these ongoing agricultural education programs between accident involved and non-involved operators? Using the procedures of the Standardized Farm Accident Reporting Program, a stratified random sample of farms grouped in clusters in 19 counties of Minnesota were surveyed four times during 1978 by volunteer interviewers.

Among the findings: Significantly more farm youth under 15 were involved in work accidents in Minnesota than youth nationally. Three hundred and fifty or 8 percent had participated in the 4-H power programs and 349 or 8 percent had experience the Tractor and Machinery Safety Training program. No significant association was found between accident involvement and participation in the 4-H power program or the Tractor and Machinery Safety Training program.

Among the conclusions: A review of the educational delivery system be made in order to identify a more viable method for contacting youth under 15 years of age.

}, author = {Louis Edward Riesenberg} } @mastersthesis {8970, title = {The landless became lords}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1980}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Social changes have occurred since the homesteading of North Dakota\&$\#$39;s West River country in 1906. This was an ethnography of farmers. The author attended all group functions which took place during the research, including town meetings, political party meetings, weddings, family events, high school graduations, and 4-H outings. The county newspaper, land records, diaries and journals were used to corroborate what people said about their community and to provide a historical background for the present. The younger generation were found trying to find a balance between the need to accept sweeping social and agricultural changes and the desire to retain what they value most from their past: families, work, community and church.

}, author = {Dennis J. DeSart} } @mastersthesis {8980, title = {The leadership skills needed by 4-H club members to become effective leaders as perceived by 4-H extension agents}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1980}, note = {
  1. PRK Abstract
  2. Summaries of 4-H Research
}, pages = {262 leaves}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral }, address = {Columbus, OH}, abstract = {

The study was to determine what leadership skills 4-H club members in Georgia needed to become effective leaders. Secondly, to determine whether or not these skills were being taught and the amount of emphasis being placed on them. The sample consisted of 172 county Extension agents of the University of Georgia Extension Service. The major findings revealed that county Extension agents perceived selected leadership skills as being needed by 4-H club members for them to become effective leaders and the agents placed high levels of importance on these skills. Also, the agents reported that they were teaching these skills and placing a high degree of emphasis on them. Most of the leadership skills were rated above average on both the importance and emphasis scales.

}, url = { http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487094953021881}, author = {Willie D. Larkin} } @mastersthesis {8984, title = {Massachusetts extension agents{\textquoteright} perceptions of the 4-H image}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1980}, note = {

PRK Abstract

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine how Extension agents in Massachusetts perceived the image of 4-H and to determine the degree of relationship between variables: position assignment, subject matter background, county population, personal characteristics, and perceptions of the 4-H image. The population included all State 4-H staff members, County Extension Directors, and County 4-H agents working in the 13 counties with Extension programs in Massachusetts. A survey instrument was used to obtain data. The Extension professions were found to have very similar perceptions of the 4-H image. The components of the 4-H program viewed as having the most progressive images are 4-H school programs, 4-H, teen program and media. Subject matter background, training in communication, county population, 4-H enrollment and position assignment do not affect the image.

}, author = {Cathy Schwab Mullen} } @booklet {7200, title = {National 4-H camps/conferences: Expanding horizons for 50 years}, year = {1980}, author = {USDA Extension} } @article {7739, title = {Nebraska 4-H youth mission study}, year = {1980}, pages = {172 pp.}, author = {K. G. Schmidt and S. Kay Rockwell} } @mastersthesis {8972, title = {The organizational structures, operating practices and characteristics of the members of the boards of directors of the twelve extension-owned resident camps in Ohio}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1980}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Dennis Lee Elliott} } @mastersthesis {8962, title = {Parental feelings regarding factors influencing and benefits derived from 4-H club participation by junior high and senior age members and former members of Grundy County, Tennessee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1980}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Joanna Mullican Bailey} } @mastersthesis {8991, title = {The perceived management system as related to job satisfaction in the Maryland Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1980}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The main purpose of the study was to determine a relationship between the perceived management system in Maryland Cooperative Extension Service and faculty job satisfaction. Through a mailed questionnaire, 277 faculty members were surveyed, with a response rate of 96 percent.

The County Extension Agents\&$\#$39; Job Satisfaction Inventory developed by Calloway and revised by Milliken and the Organizational Characteristics Scale constructed by Likert were used. Analysis revealed that as the participation in the management system increased, the greater the job satisfaction. Interaction was found to rank highest as a predictor of job satisfaction. Faculty in state positions were found to have significantly higher levels of job satisfaction than the county faculty on Herzberg\&$\#$39;s factors relating to supervision, advancement, recognition and working conditions.

Agents working with 4-H and youth were significantly less satisfied than the state faculty in factors related to supervision, advancement, recognition, working conditions and total job satisfaction. Older faculty expressed significantly greater satisfaction than younger faculty. Tenure, sex and level of education were not found to be significant. Job satisfaction was found to be significantly less than three years prior.

}, author = {Norman Gary Smith} } @mastersthesis {8964, title = {Perceptions of the Virginia 4-H educational program as held by superintendents, principals and teachers}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1980}, note = {

PRK Abstract: Summaries of Research

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This research studied the perceptions that Virginia school personnel held of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Extension\&$\#$39;s Division\&$\#$39;s 4-H educational program. The target population consisted of superintendents, principals, and teachers with an in-school 4-H component in grades 4-7. Data was solicited via a 4-H survey mailed to a random sample of school personnel. Differences in perceptions toward the areas of 4-H are as follows: 1) teachers held significantly more positive perceptions than did superintendents, 2) superintendents and principals held significantly lower perceptions regarding some aspects of volunteering than did those held by teachers.

}, author = {Maynard Sexton Burkett} } @mastersthesis {8966, title = {Perspectives of Oklahoma residents toward the Cooperative Extension function of the Oklahoma State University Division of Agriculture}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1980}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine the awareness of Cooperative Extension by a stratified random sample of people residing in Oklahoma. A telephone survey-interview technique was used to gather data from 2,401 residents of Oklahoma 18 years and older; 1,662 residents (62.22 percent), participated in the study in the spring of 1980. Over 78 percent were found to be aware of Cooperative Extension. Slightly over 47\% had been involved with the 4-H program. Additional data were gathered related to agriculture and home economics programs.

}, author = {Barney Lee Cosner} } @mastersthesis {8982, title = {Private support for Arizona 4-H}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1980}, note = {

PRK Abstract

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Arizona}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Study to identify and quantify the private citizen and organizational dollar support, in-kind physical resource support, and adult volunteer leader time and material support contributed to Arizona 4-H programs. Data were collected from the State 4-H Office, State 4-H Foundation, the county 4-H offices in the state, the 4-H leaders council, and a stratified sample of adult 4-H volunteer leaders from all the counties in the state. The total calculated value of all sources was $2,468,690. Value of private contributions to Arizona 4-H in 1979 was $6,071,574. This total private support for Arizona 4-H gave a ratio of 5.27 for every one dollar of public support for Arizona 4-H.

}, author = {Thomas Morton Dala Moe} } @booklet {7000, title = {A Profile of Program Development Efforts}, howpublished = {Executive Summary, 1 page}, year = {1980}, abstract = {The date is uncertain.

The purpose of this Extension Service study were to determine perceptions of competencies needed by 4-H professionals in program development, to identify program development models currently in use by 4-H, and determine common components in successful implementation of the program development process. 333 staff development officers, state 4-H specialists and program development staff were surveyed as well as a random sample of 349 county staff. Usable data were 242 state staff and 262 county staff.
Duncan{\textquoteright}s Multiple Range test was used. The major finding from the study indicated that perceptions of state and county staff often differe as to the importance of survey item, i.e. county staff perceive their ability to perform as better than state staff do. Six program development models were selected. Recommendation: both state and county staff be involved in inservice planning.}, author = {Jon E. Irby and Connie McKenna} } @mastersthesis {8965, title = {Proportions of Tennessee 4-H members in Explorer, Junior, Junior High and Senior Audience Tennessee 4-H Standard Four, FY 1978}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1980}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Chun Chang} } @mastersthesis {8978, title = {The relationship among the interest score on six occupational themes and job satisfaction and performance of Ohio Cooperative Extension county agents}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1980}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The primary purpose of the study was to determine (among six occupational interest themes), Ohio agents\&$\#$39; performance and job satisfaction. The six occupational themes were determined using the Strong Vocational Interest Blant-Strong Campbell Interest Inventory. Agent performance was established by a paired comparison analysis and job satisfaction by the Brayfield-Rothe job literature. Thirteen hypotheses were tested. County 4-H, agriculture and home economics agents with one or more years of experience (N=230) were included in this study with usable data from 212. The investigative theme appeared to be lower among these agents than in related literature. There was a negative relationship between artistic occupational interest and performance. Interest variables as a group were not related to performance at the .01 or .05 level of significance. Interest variables as a group were related to job satisfaction at the .01 level of significance.

}, author = {David Lewis Kittrell} } @mastersthesis {8977, title = {The relationship of selected characteristics of newly hired county agents in seven northcentral states and their perceived orientation needs}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1980}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Amri Jahi} } @mastersthesis {8971, title = {Relationships of personality trait scores and selection test scores to job performance of selected agents in the Alabama Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1980}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract.

}, school = {Auburn University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study investigated the relationship between performance appraisal scores (dependent variable) and three independent variables: grade point average, job related applicant evaluation form and personality traits measured by the California Psychological Inventory. There were 51 subjects in the study. Data were obtained from selected agents and by administering the inventory. Data were analyzed using linear correlations and multiple regression analysis. A significant relationship (.01) between grade point average and performance appraisal for assistant county agents-home economics (4-H) and for all females included in the study.
No other significant relationships were found.

}, author = {Lesel Ab (Tony) Dozier} } @mastersthesis {8975, title = {Revision of the Pennsylvania wildlife record book}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1980}, note = {

1979 or 1980

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

1979 or 1980.

}, author = {Thomas S. Gay} } @mastersthesis {8988, title = {The role of the 4-H youth program of the Ohio Cooperative Extension Service in citizenship education}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1980}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study was conducted in 1979. The purpose was to determine the role of a youth-service organization, the 4-H youth program of the Ohio Cooperative Extension Service in citizenship education. One hundred and twenty faculty members of the Ohio Cooperative Extension Service who completed a questionnaire. Interviews were conducted with department chairpersons and assistant directors. There were 10 major conclusions of the study, including that existing resources within the College could be utilized to strengthen 4-H citizenship education programming.

}, author = {Carl Stephen Scheneman} } @mastersthesis {8998, title = {Selected characteristics and perceived training needs of adult 4-H organizational leaders in North Dakota}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1980}, note = {

Colloquium Paper

}, school = {North Dakota State University}, type = {Thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to determine selected characteristics of adult 4-H organizational leaders in North Dakota, to compare the influences of selected persons and factors upon deciding to become a 4-H leader, and to compare perceived training needs for selected tasks of adult 4-H organizational leaders. A questionnaire was developed and sent to 300 adult 4-H organizational leaders in 10 selected North Dakota counties to gather data needed for the study. Findings: Children of 4-H leaders and wanting to work with youth were rated as the most influential persons and factors. There was a significant difference in some selected persons and factors when comparing their influence by the sex of the leaders. Helping, understanding, encouraging and teaching boys and girls were areas for which most of the leaders felt most need for training. No significant differences were found in any training areas according to their level of formal education or experience as volunteer leaders prior to becoming 4-H leaders.

}, author = {Chaicharn Wongsamun} } @mastersthesis {8967, title = {Self-assessment of leadership skills by 4-H volunteer leaders in the southern region of the United States}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1980}, note = {

PRK Abstract, Comparison give in Texas 4-H Research, 2003 with G. Wolfenbarger

}, school = {Texas Tech University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to discover if there were relationship/importance differences between task performance by the 4-H organizational leader, concern by the by the Extension agents, and other selected independent variables. A survey instrument was sent to a sample of 312 4-H organizational leaders from the 1,560 in Louisiana; 77\% were returned. Eight hypotheses were tested using correlation, chi-square, analysis of variance and regression analysis. Study findings strongly indicate that 4-H organizational leaders will respond to Extension agents showing greater concern and support to help youth get maximum benefit from the 4-H program.

}, author = {Martha Elaine Couch} } @article {7847, title = {Social and economic consequences of the 4-H program: Vol. I: Findings and implications of the final evaluation report and Vol. lI: Summary of evaluation research}, year = {1980}, publisher = {United States Department of Agriculture, Extension Service}, address = {Washington, DC}, url = {https://handle.nal.usda.gov/10113/48024}, author = {Kenneth Pigg and James Milton Meyers and V. Milton Boyce} } @mastersthesis {8995, title = {A study of effective programming for the retention of Prince George County teenage 4-H members}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1980}, school = {Virginia State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to develop more effective programs for teenage 4-H members in Prince George, Virginia.

A questionnaire was sent to 35 teenage 4-H members to collect data. Major findings of the study were: The members on average were 16 years of age, white, lived in a rural area, and were actively involved in 4-H and belonged to a 4-H club of five to 10 members with three volunteers working with each club. Twelve respondents belonged to two or fewer other organizations. Respondents felt they should have a voice in planning and implementing all 4-H programs. Teenagers also preferred specially designed, shorter group related projects with some form of recreation following the completed project.

}, author = {David B. Travis} } @mastersthesis {8968, title = {A study why senior 4-H members in Lunenburg County leave the 4-H program}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1980}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Virginia State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Frederick J. Custis} } @article {7260, title = {Teen friendship patterns: Implications for 4-H recruitment and programming}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {18}, year = {1980}, note = {

Research in Brief: Good News Travels Fast. Report of an unpublished study

}, pages = {29-30}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1980september/80-5-rb1.pdf}, author = {John J. Beasley and Naomi Conner and Reid Ostrander} } @booklet {6905, title = {A test of methodologies to assess the value of adult 4-H voluntary leadership: A report of the program and personnel development sub-committee of the Extension committee on Organization and Policy}, year = {1980}, author = {Randall Barnett and Kenneth Pigg} } @booklet {7127, title = {Time and money spent by adult volunteer leaders in the Oregon 4-H program}, year = {1980}, pages = {40 pp. includes news articles}, author = {Barbara J. Sawer} } @mastersthesis {8993, title = {Training needs of new leaders to Idaho{\textquoteright}s 4-H program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1980}, note = {

PRK Abstract; Journal of Research in Extension 1980-1983

}, school = {University of Idaho}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the new volunteer leader to Idaho\&$\#$39;s 4-H program. Specific interest was in learning the leader\&$\#$39;s own views with respect to: the importance of training, various subject matter, their perception of 4-H, how they preferred to gain their new information and what audio-visual aids have the most impact on them. A questionnaire was designed and administered via telephone to leaders across the state. A random sample of 86 leaders was selected from those leaders who had zero or one year of leadership experience as indicated on the 1979 county 4-H enrollment forms. Data were computed using a frequency analysis of the variables, and cross tabulation of selected variables. Eighty-two percent were female. The survey indicated that 65 percent of those responding did not participate in any type of 4-H training after becoming a leader.

}, author = {Paul L. Sunderland} } @mastersthesis {8951, title = {Urban and rural 4-H programs: Research for policy and planning in nonformal education}, volume = {Educat.D.}, year = {1980}, note = {

4-H Impact Study Abstract

NAL indicates the date as 1979.

}, school = {Harvard University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {James Milton Meyers} } @mastersthesis {8974, title = {The utilization and financial characteristics of tax exempt auxiliary corporation affiliated with the major public universities in the United States}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1980}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Massachusetts}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study attempted to uncover how major public universities in the U.S. are utilizing tax exempt auxiliary corporations that have been created by and are affiliated with those universities

and to explore the financial characteristics of the identified corporations. Data were collected by two questionnaires; the first sent to the chief fiscal officers of 111 major public universities, the second to the individual responsible for the operation of the of each corporation. Eighty-three percent of the chief fiscal officers and sixty percent of the operating officers responded. Among the findings: universities with the largest enrollments and general budgets had the greatest number of corporations. There was no significant difference in state support between those universities required to expose the resources of the corporation in the budget and those that were not. The study also isolated the following sixteen types of auxiliary corporations: General foundations, research related, alumni support, school support, student unions, and general auxiliary services, real estate, athletic support, specialized activities support, student publications, student housing, bookstores, health related, faculty clubs, investment holding, 4-H support, and miscellaneous. The general and financial characteristics of each type of corporation were studied and presented in detail.

}, author = {Robert William Gailey} } @mastersthesis {8994, title = {Utilization of 4-H concepts in lifelong education with developmentally disabled adults}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1980}, school = {Ball State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Beatrice Jean Tarara} } @booklet {7190, title = {Youth reached through Extension 4-H, Youth Programs, 1948-1980}, year = {1980}, author = {USDA} } @article {7371, title = {The 4-H agent{\textquoteright}s job: Another look}, journal = {PRK Abstract - Published in Journal of Extension}, volume = {18}, year = {1979}, note = {

Accepted for publication August 1979

}, month = {January 1980}, pages = {23-28}, abstract = {

Ranked tasks and duties of county Extension 4-H Agents which include: Planning and conducting trainings sessions, providing continuing support, training and guidance to lay leaders, preparing educational program units, including demonstrations, lectures, discussion guides, and evaluation instruments, determine priorities of needs.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1980january/80-1-a4.pdf}, author = {Donald Henry Goering} } @booklet {7154, title = {4-H impact on leading South Dakota livestock producers}, year = {1979}, author = {South Dakota State University} } @mastersthesis {8938, title = {The 4-H knowledge level of volunteer adult leaders and their self-perceived roles}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1979}, school = {Florida State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Phyllis Sharp Critten} } @article {7466, title = {4-H paraprofessionals: Defining their tasks (Article with Jerry Parsons)}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {17}, year = {1979}, note = {

Accepted for publication March 1979

}, month = {July/Aug 1979}, pages = {16-22}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1979july/79-4-a3.pdf}, author = {Mary Kay Munson} } @article {7353, title = {4-H self-concept building in Century III}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {17}, year = {1979}, pages = {15-19}, abstract = {

A study of 222 9-13 year olds to determine their attitudes towards sex-roles was made to help develop ways to create positive self-worth in times of changing sex roles. The result of the study showed that the preadolescents studied maintained traditional sex-role attitudes with males perceived to be more aggressive while females were thought of as dependent and cooperative. Recommendations to create nonsexist sex-role attitudes are given.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1979november/79-6-a3.pdf}, author = {Victoria R. Fu and Kathleen W. Wampler} } @booklet {7152, title = {Accomplishments of 4-H work in the cities: Position paper for House Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture}, year = {1979}, author = {Joel Robert Soobitsky} } @mastersthesis {8947, title = {An analysis of self-perceived training needs of adult 4-H volunteer leaders in the Mississippi Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1979}, school = {University of Southern Mississippi}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {John Russell Kelly} } @article {7491, title = {Are 4-H project books readable?}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {18}, year = {1979}, note = {

also in Science in Agriculture, Spring 1980, 14

}, pages = {10-14}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1979september/79-5-a2.pdf}, author = {Jerry H. Reyburn} } @mastersthesis {8933, title = {Assessment of the factors related to readiness for program change of professional non-faculty 4-H field staff of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Extension Division}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1979}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {John David Barrett} } @mastersthesis {8945, title = {Attitudes of selected Oklahoma Cooperative Extension staff toward tasks of adult 4-H volunteer leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1979}, note = {

PRK Abstract

}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to evaluate Extension staff attitudes regarding 93 tasks of adult 4-H volunteer leaders.

The sample for the study included all county extension staff members, district 4-H agents, district directors, district home economists, and state 4-H staff members. The instruments included a Likert-type rating scale to identify the perceived attitude of staff members regarding the tasks and a checklist to classify tasks as educational, maintenance, or managerial. Relationships among the variables were analyzed primarily by the chi-square statistical test. Findings indicated that attitudes regarding volunteer leader tasks varied among districts, according to tenure of staff, bachelor degree area of staff, and whether staff held a county, district, or a state position.

}, author = {Shirley Welch Hastings} } @booklet {7106, title = {Cedar County Image and needs assessment survey.}, year = {1979}, author = {S. Kay Rockwell and L. Vawser and A. Parkhurst} } @mastersthesis {8932, title = {Child development knowledge of 4-H club members and non-4-H club members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1979}, school = {University of North Texas}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jean Foster Anderson} } @mastersthesis {8949, title = {Clothing Unit 1 objectives of interest to a selected group of 4-H participants}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1979}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Nancy Carolyn Lewis} } @article {7894, title = {A comparative study of Citizenship Washington Focus Participants: Trends and recommendations}, year = {1979}, pages = {35-50}, author = {Beverly Johnson} } @mastersthesis {8957, title = {A comparison of 4-H youths{\textquoteright} and their parents{\textquoteright} attitudes concerning 4-H competitive events}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1979}, school = {University of North Texas}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Renee Cooper Sanders} } @mastersthesis {8958, title = {A comparison of the perceptions volunteer 4-H youth leaders and extension 4-H youth agents have of their involvement in the 4-H program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1979}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Karen Sue Sullivan} } @mastersthesis {8959, title = {Comparisons of 4-H members with non-members among students from selected rural schools in Leeds and Grenville Counties}, volume = {M.Sc.}, year = {1979}, note = {

Master of Science degree

}, school = {University of Guelph, Canada}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jack F. Westlake} } @article {7768, title = {Consequences of 4-H as inferred from learning, developmental and interactional theories}, year = {1979}, pages = {150 pp.}, author = {D. Stormer and Charles W. Sappington and J. Pelham} } @article {7840, title = {Description study of selected national youth serving organizations}, year = {1979}, author = {D. James} } @mastersthesis {8939, title = {Determination of the need to expand the agricultural course offerings at San Antonio College}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1979}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a need for additional agricultural courses at San Antonio College. Vocational agricultural students (VAS) and 4-H club members were sampled using a questionnaire to gather information, consisting of 857 students and 63 high school age 4-H club members of Bexar County. Forty-five percent of the VAS and 40 percent of the 4-H members planned to major in an agricultural field after entering college. Seventy-two percent of the VAS and\  80 percent of the 4-H members said they did not know that agricultural courses were offered at the college.

}, author = {Walter G. Crozier} } @mastersthesis {8940, title = {Development of a slide series on showmanship of horses at halter}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1979}, school = {Southern Illinois University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Randy J. Davis} } @mastersthesis {8948, title = {Development of an approach to evaluate inbound 4-H international programs}, volume = {M.A.Ed.}, year = {1979}, note = {
  1. Master of Adult Education degree
  2. Modified NAL abstract
}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to develop an approach that could be used to evaluate inbound 4-H international programs. An evaluation approach using Steele\&$\#$39;s concept of three essential elements--criteria, evidence and judgments. The appropriateness of proposed criteria and information collection instruments were reviewed by a panel of state 4-H international program faculty and modifications in the criteria and instruments were made. The approach was tested using the 1978 LABO program (28 host families and 18 Extension faculty members). Judgements about the program--using the evidence collected in relation to the stated criteria--were made by the LABO program administrator in Montana. A re-examination of the approach after it was tested reaffirmed the choice of criteria, supported the ability of the host families and Extension faculty members to supply useful evidence about the program, supported the utility of selecting a program administrator to make judgements, and suggested modifications in the information collection instruments.

}, author = {Lillian Larwood} } @mastersthesis {8961, title = {The effect of the Maryland{\textquoteright}s 4-H summer enrichment program on the foods attitudes, nutrition knowledge and behavior of youth}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1979}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Edith C. Williams} } @mastersthesis {8950, title = {The effects of participation in a 4-H program and the development of youth}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1979}, school = {University of Southern Mississippi}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mary Nell Magee} } @mastersthesis {8934, title = {Employment characteristics of female 4-H volunteers in Maryland}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1979}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Joanne Marie Bordelon} } @mastersthesis {8936, title = {An examination of the demographic factors relating to the 4-H volunteer{\textquoteright}s length of stay in the leadership role}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1979}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Anne E. Camasso} } @booklet {7107, title = {An extension image and needs assessment survey in six Nebraska counties}, year = {1979}, note = {Elsie Carper}, author = {S. Kay Rockwell and R. J. Florell} } @mastersthesis {8937, title = {Factors that influence decision to stay or leave Idaho Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1979}, school = {University of Idaho}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {L. J. Church} } @booklet {6942, title = {Future trends of 4-H: Do members, leaders and staff 4-H program directors agree (and "An analysis of opinions held by 4-H members, 4-H volunteer leaders and state 4-H program directors on selected questions regarding the future of 4-H program...}, year = {1979}, pages = {42 pp.}, author = {Gwenneth Western El Sawi} } @article {7793, title = {The Gallup study of adults{\textquoteright} and children{\textquoteright}s participation in 4-H programs}, year = {1979}, pages = {22 pp.}, author = {USDA} } @booklet {6968, title = {The Gallup study of adults{\textquoteright} and children{\textquoteright}s{\textquoteright} participation in 4-H youth programs}, year = {1979}, author = {Gallup Organization} } @booklet {7131, title = {High potential consequences of the 4-H program}, year = {1979}, note = {marked "For administrative use only"; later appears in Education and Urban Society, 13(1), 83-108 [November 1980]}, month = {December 1979}, pages = {70 pp.}, author = {Michael Scriven} } @booklet {7132, title = {High potential consequences of the 4-H program: Final report prepared for the Extension evaluation project}, year = {1979}, author = {Michael Scriven} } @article {7391, title = {Holding onto 4-H leaders}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {17}, year = {1979}, note = {

Accepted for publication November, 1978

}, month = {March/April 1979}, pages = {10-13}, abstract = {

To understand why many leaders discontinue their 4-H involvement after 1 or 2 years of service, 59\% of the respondents

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1979march/79-2-a2.pdf}, author = {Glen Hass} } @mastersthesis {8960, title = {The impact on the attitudes of 4-H policy council members, extension professionals and 4-H adult leaders on the incorporation of an urban 4-H program into the traditional program}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1979}, note = {

PRK Abstract
Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Ball State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study was designed to (1) provide data for Cooperative Extension Service personnel concerning the impact of changes in attitudes toward policy and administration of 4-H programs and (2) develop ways to integrate an urban 4-H program into the traditional one. One-third of the potential population, 414 individuals, were asked to complete and return questionnaires. Data were obtained from: federal and state Extension Management System, yearly 4-H summaries, 1970 census records, county 4-H department records, a survey instrument administered to policy council members, 4-H adult leaders and extension professionals. The questionnaire consisted of 30 statement divided equally into three areas--policy, personnel, and program relative to the Indiana 4-H program. Validation was conducted through a field testing of counties not selected for the study. Data were analyzed using a frequency of distribution for each group of the study population, the three councils, leader groups and extension professionals, and the total sample of the study.

}, author = {Charles Edward Williams} } @article {7463, title = {Implication of work values to job satisfaction in the Maryland Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {17}, year = {1979}, note = {

Paper presented at the Adult Education Research Conference, San Antonio, Texas, 1978

}, issn = {ED159317}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/233701836}, author = {W. James Milliken and Gene Child Whaples} } @mastersthesis {8935, title = {An investigation of 4-H camping programs in the United States and their contribution to the growth and development of youth}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1979}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study was conducted to help 4-H coordinators realize the importance of current youth development data in the camping program, increase participation and formulate guidelines for expansion. A national survey was prepared and distributed. The programs provided a wide range of youth-centered, leader-directed activities. Based on the study, the following goals were established: to develop a long range plan for coordinating 4-H camping and outdoor education programs on a unified basis; to develop a plan to expand interagency cooperation between youth serving agencies, to develop a curriculum for 4-H camping directors to expand programming skills, training techniques, staff and personnel development, budgeting and evaluation.

}, author = {Delbert Lance Bullard} } @mastersthesis {8956, title = {Job facet satisfaction among North Carolina 4-H volunteers}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1979}, note = {

PRK Abstract
NAL abstract

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study was designed to provide information on level of job satisfaction among 4-H volunteers. Findings of a mailed survey indicated that people filling 4-H volunteer roles in North Carolina were largely satisfied with their work. Items with the highest correlation with overall job satisfaction measure were the following: (1) opportunity to do things you like to do, (2) competence of your agent to deal with human problems on the job, (3) degree to which you have been told in detail what is expected, (4) opportunity to use your abilities, (5) opportunity to work closely with your agent, (6) opportunity to become a better person as a result of your volunteer job, (7) degree to which those you work with on your volunteer job do the things they have promised to do.

}, author = {John Andrew Rutledge (Jr.)} } @mastersthesis {8941, title = {Judging kits for 4-H home economics projects}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1979}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Diane M. Denson} } @article {7263, title = {Life aspirations for farm youth: A challenge to 4-H career education programs}, volume = {17}, year = {1979}, note = {

Mentioned in \"Research in Brief: 4-H Career Program Challenge\" by John Beasley, Journal of Extension, July 19, 1979. Available at:\ https://archives.joe.org/joe/1979july/79-4-rb3.pdf

}, pages = {32}, institution = {Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Home Economics, Colorado State University}, address = {Fort Collins, CO}, author = {Jerry Bigner} } @mastersthesis {8952, title = {Life skills for 4-H leadership roles}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1979}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Retta A. Miller} } @booklet {7014, title = {A look at senior 4-H participation: 4-H volunteer staff intern project report}, year = {1979}, pages = {39 pp.}, author = {Midge Kenny} } @mastersthesis {8944, title = {Michigan extension agents{\textquoteright} attitudes toward computers and computerized extension forward planning and consulting programs: The TELPLAN system}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1979}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study investigated the Telplan System, the dependent variable \"attitude\" and the independent variables: age, level of formal education, length of employment, position held within the Extension Service, previous experience with computers, frequency of usable and the number of programs Telplan System used. Seven null hypotheses were tested at the .001 level of significance. Extension home economists and 4-H youth agents found the Telplan to be greatly related to educational services in agriculture but less to 4-H and family-living Extension. These agents were found to be in need of more information and continuing training as related to the Telplan system.

}, author = {Mehdi Ghods} } @booklet {7162, title = {A middle management approach for New York State 4-H and (total) Cooperative Extension programs (Second Draft)}, year = {1979}, author = {John Carl Sterling} } @book {6829, title = {A middle management approach to 4-H leadership development: Focusing on key volunteer leaders, program assistants, program development committees}, year = {1979}, publisher = {[unknown]}, organization = {[unknown]}, address = {Washington, DC}, author = {John Carl Sterling} } @mastersthesis {8946, title = {Motivations and selected characteristics of adult volunteers in Extension 4-H youth programs in Minnesota}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1979}, school = {University of Minnesota}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5729980}, author = {Karla Ann Henderson} } @mastersthesis {8954, title = {A prediction of program interests of 4-H youth by measurement of basic need levels}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1979}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jerry Harvest Mulcahy} } @booklet {7011, title = {Procedures and issues in the development of a theoretically-based organizational survey for use with children: A 4-H experience: A report to the 4-H evaluation technical review panel}, year = {1979}, author = {Jerome A. Katz} } @mastersthesis {8955, title = {The relationship between selected Indiana 4-H program components and career selection}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1979}, school = {Ball State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Robert Merle Ritchie} } @article {7670, title = {A report on the dynamics of 4-H decision making processes: Value frames, organizational influence strategies, and interpersonal behavior}, year = {1979}, pages = {103 pp.}, abstract = {The purpose was to identify variables in the 4-H decision making process. A commission conducted an inductive exploratory study of interview and observational data and identified patterns of intergroup and organizational relations in states and counties.}, author = {Bill Joiner and Michael Sales} } @mastersthesis {8943, title = {The role of extension agents-youths working in urban regions of Indiana}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1979}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Ball State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to (1) identify major historical antecedents of urban 4-H and youth programs by the Cooperative Extension Service, (2) describe the evolution of urban 4-H and youth programs in Indiana (3) illustrate the emergence of 4-H and youth programs in Indiana cities from 1968-1977, (4) investigate and clarify the perceived contemporary role of Extension Agents-Youth, and (5) identify leadership training needs to urban youth agents. The study included all youth agents, Extension boards, and administrators from Lake, Marion, and Vigo counties. The questionnaire was approved by the director and associate director of Indiana Extension and fifteen doctoral candidates and one professor of Educational Administration. It was mailed or handed to 75; 57 were returned and 56 were usable. Data were analyzed, summarized and presented in narrative form. Findings supported the following recommendations: Extension should improve communications with urban audiences, program responsibilities should be clarified, goals of the programs should receive a high level of agreement, and urban youth agents should have strong educational preparation in behavior sciences and should have some knowledge in agriculture and related fields. Three follow-up studies were recommended.

}, author = {Joseph Harold Finnell} } @mastersthesis {8942, title = {A study of 4-H enrollment cards and enrollment procedures used by Tennessee county staffs in fiscal year 1977}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1979}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Wanda Helvey Erwin} } @booklet {7184, title = {Summary of 1979 Nebraska study conducted to provide the basis for a 4-H mission statement}, year = {1979}, author = {University of Nebraska} } @article {7825, title = {Theory-derived outcomes of the 4-H programs}, year = {1979}, pages = {53 pp.}, abstract = {The purpose of the analysis was to identify potential outcomes of the 4-H program on the basis of relevant theories. A model of the 4-H organizational system is included which incorporates components, structures, technology, tasks as well as problems to be solved. An innovation-expectancy model from Cooke, Uhlander, and Quinn is likewise outlined. A chart of the relative probablility of outcomes of the 4-H program by delivery modesl: projects, clubs, indivdual study, special interest, school enrichment, camps, and instructional television is also included.}, author = {Robert A. Cooke} } @mastersthesis {8953, title = {Is there a need for a 4-H creative craft handbook?}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1979}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Allyson A. Montague} } @article {7829, title = {Youth in America: A social indicators chartbook of the 4-H eligible population}, year = {1979}, author = {D. E. Dennis and M. Hurt Jr.} } @mastersthesis {8920, title = {4-H career exploration program: A case study in the Pennsylvania northern tier extension region}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1978}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {David Nathaniel Kinsey} } @article {7685, title = {4-H career exploration program: A case study in the Pennsylvania northern tier Extension region}, year = {1978}, note = {includes director{\textquoteright}s manual}, month = {August 1978}, author = {David Nathaniel Kinsey} } @booklet {7053, title = {4-H intergenerations project: Final intern report}, howpublished = {National 4-H Intern Project and questionnaire}, year = {1978}, author = {Brenda S. Minnich} } @mastersthesis {8913, title = {4-H program for handicapped children: A project}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1978}, school = {California State University, Chico}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Perle Ludy Gillum} } @mastersthesis {8917, title = {4-H Youth Center, Saratoga Springs, New York}, volume = {B. Arch.}, year = {1978}, note = {

Bachelor of Architecture degree

}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Sophia Hsieh} } @article {7370, title = {4-Hers Learn... We shall all be old}, journal = {PRK Abstract - Published in Journal of Extension}, volume = {16}, year = {1978}, note = {

Accepted for publication November 1977

}, month = {March 1978}, pages = {10-13}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1978march/78-2-a2.pdf}, author = {J. Conrad Glass Jr. and Curtis Trent} } @mastersthesis {8928, title = {An analysis of 1977 4-H citizenship short course program participants attitudes regarding future directions for 4-H programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1978}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Robert R. Raybits} } @mastersthesis {8909, title = {An analysis of factors influencing termination of leadership by selected 4-H leaders in the Northeast Wyoming 4-H district between the years 1974-1976}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1978}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine what factors led to the termination of leadership by first and second year 4-H leaders in five NE Wyoming counties. Fifty-two percent of the population (72) of drop out leaders participated in the study. Most indicated that they were busy with other activities. Having conflicts with work at home, the amount of time required to be a leader, conflicts with job duties and lack of cooperation and assistance from parents had very little influence on termination. The main reason for termination was categorized as \"personal reasons\" and the NE district were found to be doing a good job working with 4-H leaders in their counties.

}, author = {Barney Lee Cosner} } @mastersthesis {8924, title = {An approach to drama as a learning medium for 4-H}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1978}, school = {University of Idaho}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Janet E. McLean} } @mastersthesis {8918, title = {Attitude and value study of the 4-H market lamb project in Gallatin County}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1978}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Montana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Nicholas Waldon Isaacs} } @booklet {7062, title = {A comparative study of Kansas and Missouri Extension professionals{\textquoteright} attitudes related to employment of 4-H youth paraprofessionals}, year = {1978}, author = {Mary Kay Munson and Warren Leslie Prawl} } @mastersthesis {8925, title = {A comparative study of Kansas and Missouri Extension professionals{\textquoteright} attitudes related to employment of and appropriate tasks for 4-H youth paraprofessionals}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1978}, note = {

PRK Abstract

}, school = {Kansas State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study examined factors affecting attitudes held by Extension professionals. The research probed the effect of three variables on professionals attitudes toward employment of paraprofessionals youth workers and tasks appropriate for them in Extension youth programs. The variables investigated were: 1) experience with paraprofessionals, 2) Extension position, and 3) staffing patterns with or without a 4-H professional position. Data were collected from Kansas and Missouri Extension professionals working at the county level.

}, author = {Mary Kay Munson} } @mastersthesis {8907, title = {A comparison of complete and incomplete first year (nine to eleven year old) 4-H members}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1978}, note = {

Paper

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Charles H. Bell} } @mastersthesis {8931, title = {Development and evaluation of a 4-H leader management model to assist 4-H agents in curriculum planning}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1978}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The basic research question was the effectiveness of a management model for teaching cognitive knowledge of citizenship to 4-H members 8 to 13 years of age. The management model was implemented and a 4-H citizenship curriculum plan was formulated. Ninety 4-H members 8 to 13 from nine selected clubs served as the experimental group. They were given an objective multiple choice pretest, the citizenship unit was taught, and a multiple choice post test and an evaluation were administered. Sixty-six 4-H members 8 to 13 served as the control group. 4-H members who studied the citizenship unit increased their cognitive knowledge of citizenship as measured in the study. The management model was an effective means of increasing the cognitive knowledge of qualities of citizenship for these young members. The citizenship unit was evaluated with a medium to high rating and it was concluded that the unit might be enjoyed by other 4-H members.

}, author = {Jared K. Tyson} } @mastersthesis {8919, title = {Effectiveness of an educational game in teaching selected food and nutrition subject matter to 4-H members in Wapakoneta Extension area}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1978}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jo Marlene Jones} } @mastersthesis {8923, title = {An evaluation and accountability study of three selected extension 4-H staffing models}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1978}, note = {

PRK Abstract

}, school = {Ball State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study\&$\#$39;s purpose was to systematically analyze three existing CES 4-H staffing model for costs associated with each of ten selected measures of program effectiveness. The study was designed to provide empirical information on CES with regard to cost/effectiveness expected from applied 4-H staffing models. The population was all 4-H administrative units in each of the three selected North Central Extension region states of Iowa, Indiana, and Ohio in which the existing 4-H staffing model: was characteristic of a prototype model selected for the respective state; had been in operation two or more years; and contained a majority of Extension professionals employed two or more years. Analysis of the data pointed out an enormous need for refinements and further development of program effectiveness measures as well as improved 4-H accounting procedures to assess the status of 4-H programs.

}, author = {Norman Dale Long} } @mastersthesis {8908, title = {Evaluation of a learning module on incentives in 4-H}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1978}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {David Ronald Burnette} } @article {7853, title = {An evaluation of a West Virginia 4-H leadership development training program: Volume 1, A Summary Report}, year = {1978}, author = {James C. Summers and Loretta Greenleaf} } @booklet {7059, title = {An evaluation of the audio-cassette series, "The 4-H volunteer community"}, year = {1978}, author = {Margory M. Mortvedt and Sharon Fain} } @article {7604, title = {An evaluation of the Detroit urban gardening program}, year = {1978}, pages = {74p}, institution = {Michigan State University, Center for Urban Affairs, College of Urban Development}, address = {East Lansing, MI}, url = {https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4864935}, author = {Ralph Abbott and Carol David and Keith Adler and Michigan State University, Cooperative Extension Service} } @mastersthesis {8911, title = {An evaluation of the Poppie Program in Frederick County, Maryland}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1978}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {JoAnne Doody Duvall} } @mastersthesis {8910, title = {The Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP): Its impact on aides and program families in Pennsylvania - An update}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1978}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sonya Singer Davis} } @mastersthesis {8912, title = {Factors related to adolescent attrition from the 4-H program in Kay County, Oklahoma}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1978}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study examined characteristics of 4-H program participants for whom the present incentive system has proved the most and least effective. Two instruments: 4-H and You, Personal Data and Experiences and 4-H and You: Attitudes and Opinions were administered to 56 subjects. The demographic measures revealed little information on which predictions could be made as regarding members who would remain in 4-H after age 13-14. Highly successful members tended to belong to 4-H club with 10-30 members. Dropouts generally belonged to smaller clubs. Highly successful members tended to have more projects, participated in more activities, and hold more offices. Highly successful members scored significantly higher on an Extraversion scale indicating a more external orientation. No other significant differences were found. Study lends support to the idea that personality characteristics may play a major role in determining which individual will find satisfaction in the awards structure and which will seek a different type of challenge.

}, author = {Sheila Harris Forbes} } @article {7800, title = {The Gallup study of public awareness and image of volunteer youth agencies}, year = {1978}, author = {USDA ES and Gallup Organization} } @booklet {7209, title = {Historical background and use of 4-H TV programs}, year = {1978}, author = {Eleanor Wilson} } @booklet {6932, title = {Incentives in 4-H: An overview of national diffusion with indicators of application in county-level programming}, year = {1978}, pages = {86 pp.}, author = {Michael A. Davis} } @booklet {7133, title = {An interpretive report of the 4-H data in the readiness for program change project}, year = {1978}, note = {Funded by the National Institute of Mental Health}, author = {Search Institute} } @booklet {7197, title = {An interpretive report of the 4H data in the readiness for program change project}, year = {1978}, pages = {21 pp.}, author = {USDA SEA-Extension} } @booklet {6963, title = {Managing for motivation: Herzberg{\textquoteright}s motivation-hygiene theory and its application to 4-H leadership}, year = {1978}, pages = {49 pp.}, author = {Walter J. Freeman} } @booklet {6995, title = {Monographs on career education: 4-H and career education}, year = {1978}, author = {Kenneth Hoyt} } @mastersthesis {8915, title = {Needle arts project outline for 4-H}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1978}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Janet Hardy} } @mastersthesis {8921, title = {Parent education through family 4-H}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1978}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Joan Elaine Kurtz} } @mastersthesis {8922, title = {Perceived training needs of 4-H leaders in Florida}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1978}, school = {Florida State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Margaret Pitts Levy} } @mastersthesis {8926, title = {Perceived training needs of Oklahoma 4-H volunteer adult leaders by 4-H volunteer leaders, county extension professionals and state and district 4-H staff}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1978}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Glenna Gibson Ott} } @booklet {6966, title = {The relationship of 4-H and schools: Where are we}, howpublished = {4-H Intern Project}, year = {1978}, pages = {32 pp. and survey}, author = {Susan Fry} } @booklet {7151, title = {Report, 4-H expansion in urban areas, 1973-1978}, year = {1978}, author = {Joel Robert Soobitsky} } @mastersthesis {8927, title = {Selected factors related to measures of success of senior 4-H members in East Baton Rouge Parish}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1978}, note = {

JOE Abstract -Nov/Dec 1982, 29

}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carolyn Mack Perkins} } @mastersthesis {8930, title = {A study in membership attenuation in the Rock County 4-H program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1978}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mary Lou Tewinkel} } @mastersthesis {8929, title = {A study of selected factors on Ontario 4-H members}, volume = {M.Sc.}, year = {1978}, note = {

Master of Science degree

}, school = {University of Guelph, Canada}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Anne Ruhl} } @article {7890, title = {A survey of adult volunteers who work with low income youth in 4-H programs}, year = {1978}, author = {Anne L. Heinsohn and B. Lewis} } @mastersthesis {8916, title = {Task analysis of the 4-H adult volunteer worker in the Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1978}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Ronnie Lee Hartness} } @mastersthesis {8914, title = {Tasks and duties of professional extension 4-H and youth leaders employed by the Iowa Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1978}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Tasks and duties of Iowa State Extension 4-H and youth leaders were studied in order to implement an informal 4-H program. Based on perceptions of respondents to 125 tasks and 14 duty areas, the following questions were asked: Is the task or duty performed, the relative time spent on the performed tasks and duty areas, the relative criticality of performed tasks and duty areas and the relative difficulty of the performed duty area.

Five groups were identified who were familiar with the tasks and/or duty areas.

}, author = {Donald Henry Goering} } @proceedings {7906, title = {Toward a curriculum to prepare youth development professionals}, year = {1978}, author = {National 4-H Council} } @booklet {6897, title = {Toward identifying subject matter content to enhance performance of organizations professionals in youth development}, howpublished = {Internship Report: National Curriculum Project}, year = {1978}, abstract = {Shares major findings of the following research studies related to curriculum development: Goyan, Brown, Goering, Harris, Combs, Houle, Carter, and American Institute for Research. The findings from Gale Marie Baumgardner{\textquoteright}s study is included, G.L. Carter, Gordon Dowell, John Dunbar, E. Welcon Findlay, Ray Gillespie, William Gleason, Marifloyd Hamil, Violet Malone, Joe McAuliffe, L. L. Pesson and others from youth development organizations outside of 4-H.}, author = {Dale Apel} } @booklet {7094, title = {The value of 4-H volunteer leadership to the community}, year = {1978}, author = {Kenneth Pigg} } @booklet {6955, title = {Vocational and 4-H youth group members knowledge and attitudes concerning expanding roles}, year = {1978}, pages = {23 pp. includes survey}, abstract = {On average, the 1,200 youth surveyed responded correctly to 6 or 6 knolwedge items about the changing work force and the family. There was mild agreement related to women needing wage earning skills and males helping with household tasks and child care.}, author = {Charlotte J. Farris} } @booklet {6926, title = {Voluntary participation and interests of youth in the Mason City Extension area}, year = {1978}, pages = {62 pp. and survey}, author = {Mary Louise Cloyd and A. Johnson and V. Brandini and J Alex} } @booklet {7157, title = {What youth gain from 4-H animal projects}, year = {1978}, pages = {430 pp.}, author = {Sara M. Steele and Norman Oscar Everson} } @article {7343, title = {4-H internship: Reflection and renewal}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {15}, year = {1977}, month = {May/June 1977}, pages = {54-56}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1977may/77-3-a14.pdf} } @mastersthesis {8882, title = {Advisor evaluation of selected Ohio 4-H conservation project books}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1977}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sterling Christopher Anderson} } @booklet {7202, title = {Analysis of 4-H community development programs in the Cooperative Extension Service: Summary of research}, year = {1977}, author = {Paul Henry Waddy Jr.} } @mastersthesis {8890, title = {An analysis of the relationship between parental influence and 4-H membership status in Liberty County, Texas}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1977}, school = {Texas Southern University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Nora M. Galley} } @mastersthesis {8902, title = {Attitude assessment of 4-H members in the Gallatin County 4-H program}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1977}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Montana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Randall F. Shank} } @mastersthesis {8888, title = {Attitudes of extension professionals toward the use of incentives and competition in 4-H}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1977}, note = {

4-H Impact Study Abstract

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {William Neal Conoley Jr.} } @mastersthesis {8901, title = {Attitudes of Ohio 4-H junior leaders regarding the junior leadership contract project}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1977}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carolyn Clair Sargeant} } @mastersthesis {8894, title = {Attitudes of selected cooperative extension staff toward state 4-H program committees in Oklahoma}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1977}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sue K. Gunkel Kruse} } @mastersthesis {8906, title = {A boys 4-H second year food manual}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1977}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Connie Willems} } @booklet {6973, title = {Building the link between 4-H and community development}, year = {1977}, author = {C. J. Gauger} } @article {7460, title = {Busy 4-Hers make better leaders}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {16}, year = {1977}, note = {

Received for publication June 1977

}, month = {May/June 1978}, pages = {10-14}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1978may/78-3-a2.pdf}, author = {James Milton Meyers} } @mastersthesis {8885, title = {A comparison of age of 4-H girls to selected socio-psychological aspects of clothing, 1977}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1977}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Frances Elaine Hodgkins Bradford} } @mastersthesis {8887, title = {A comparison of interest of Louisiana 4-Hers on selected family topics}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1977}, note = {

Paper

}, school = {[unknown]}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Debra S. Burhoe} } @mastersthesis {8896, title = {Comparison of knowledge and participation levels of explorer and junior 4-H members in open area classrooms with those in self-contained classrooms in Davidson County}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1977}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Shirley Fay Miller} } @booklet {7126, title = {Determining needed competencies of extension county 4-H agents and developing a curriculum to provide those competencies}, year = {1977}, author = {Charles W. Sappington and R. A. Brown} } @mastersthesis {8892, title = {Development and evaluation of a self-learning center program on pattern information for second-year Washington 4-H clothing members}, volume = {M.A.C.E.}, year = {1977}, note = {

Masters Adult and Continuing Ed

}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kathleen Hansell Hendrix} } @mastersthesis {8883, title = {An educational needs assessment of Kansas youth development professionals}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1977}, school = {Kansas State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Gale Marie Baumgardner} } @booklet {7220, title = {Evaluation of education for parenthood programs (national voluntary organizations): Preliminary Evaluation Report III (1975-76)}, year = {1977}, publisher = {Government Printing Office}, address = {Washington, DC} } @mastersthesis {8905, title = {An evaluation of the beginning 4-H clothing manual}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1977}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Lena M. Vorhies} } @mastersthesis {8893, title = {An evaluation of the New York State natural resources 4-H teen leadership training program, 1971-1975}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1977}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kathleen Patricia Hughto} } @mastersthesis {8897, title = {Factors contributing to the decision of former 4-H campers to return or not return to the District IV Junior Camp in 1976 as seen by their parents}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1977}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Rebecca Anne Murray} } @mastersthesis {8899, title = {Factors involved in effective teaching of recreational activities to 4-H club members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1977}, school = {Virginia State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to determine factors in the effective teaching of recreational activities. A survey and observation approaches were used. Findings: A rather limited adult participation in recreational activities was reported. Most wanted to be \"on-lookers.\" The major reasons for recreational activities were found to be: fun and fair play. Two thirds of the adult respondents put a favorable value on \"winning\" and one-third did not feel winning was good or felt indifferent to it.

}, author = {Yvette G. Robinson} } @mastersthesis {8891, title = {A follow-up study of black students enrolled in youth programs associated with agricultural education in Arkansas prior to and subsequent to 1965 to determine the effectiveness of such youth organizations}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1977}, school = {University of Sarasota [Argosy University]}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Robert C. Haynie} } @booklet {6944, title = {Future trends of 4-H: Do members and leaders and staff 4-H program directors agree?}, year = {1977}, author = {Gwenneth Western El Sawi and Gene Child Whaples} } @mastersthesis {8895, title = {An historical study of the impact of certain socio-economic factors on 4-H youth programs in Wisconsin}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1977}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {John Mitchell Mackey} } @article {7852, title = {How well are 4-H programs attaining Century III objectives?}, year = {1977}, author = {Sara M. Steele and Boyd Rossing} } @mastersthesis {8898, title = {Motivations, personal and social characteristics of 4-H leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1977}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mary A. Parrott} } @booklet {7017, title = {Nationwide 4-H--Youth staff development and training program evaluation of first five years. Report of the National 4-H Conference, April 23-29, 1977.}, year = {1977}, note = {bibliography mention}, author = {Edwin L. Kirby and D. Vaughn} } @mastersthesis {8884, title = {Personality characteristics of young people 14-19 and their leadership behavior in youth organizations: An exploratory study}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1977}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {David Eugene Benedetti} } @conference {7876, title = {A pilot project to determine needed competencies of Extension county 4-H agents and to develop a curriculum to provide these competencies}, booktitle = {National Curriculum Project for Professional Youth Workers}, year = {1977}, note = {

Paper presented on the National Curriculum Project for Professional Youth Workers

}, author = {R. A. Brown and others} } @booklet {6914, title = {A practical look at curriculum development for Extension county 4-H agents}, year = {1977}, month = {1977}, abstract = {Brown (1977) asked 1900 Cooperative Extension Service professionals to rank 75 previously identified competency statements, then factor analyzed responses and clustered responses into 18 subject matter areas, which has formed the basis for curriculum development at Mississippi University. The 75 items in the survey weree also ranked according to perceived imporance by Extension staff. The top five rankings included only five that did not involve helping or working with others.}, author = {R. A. Brown} } @mastersthesis {8881, title = {The present and desired involvement of extension agents, 4-H in selected tasks of Extension programs as perceived by themselves and by their county extension directors}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1977}, note = {

Research in Extension, p. 52

}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to compile the opinions of Oklahoma Extension agents, 4-H and their county extension directors (EA4-HED) about the present and desired involvement in selected tasks of Extension programs. A questionnaire was administered resulting in 86.11 percent usability. It was found that EA4-HED indicated that 4-H agent involvement should be increased slightly from what it was at the time of the study. 4-H agent ratings were somewhat higher in desired involvement than were the county directors\&$\#$39;. The list of tasks developed was found to be valid with all factors needing improvement except, \"professional improvement\".

}, author = {Johnson Bamidele Adegboye} } @mastersthesis {8903, title = {Procedures for developing a youth poultry judging materials}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1977}, note = {

Master of Education degree
Stillwagen or Stillwagon?

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this effort was to develop a detailed, up-dated poultry and egg judging manual to aid youth poultry judging contestants to prepare for the state and national poultry judging contests though the main focus was on classroom students.

Poult

}, author = {Frederic H. Stillwagen} } @book {9993, title = {Projects, the foundation of 4-H.}, series = {C ;; 438; Variation: C (University of Arkansas (System). Cooperative Extension Service) ;; 438.}, year = {1977}, pages = {55}, publisher = {Cooperative Extension Service, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, and U.S. Dept. of Agriculture cooperating}, organization = {Cooperative Extension Service, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, and U.S. Dept. of Agriculture cooperating}, address = {[Little Rock, Ark.]}, keywords = {4-H clubs. Clubs 4-H. 4-H clubs}, url = {https://worldcat.org/en/title/30687255}, author = {Roberts, W. Jeanette} } @booklet {6911, title = {A research instrument to look at 4-H program quality: Report of a study to assess the quality of 4-H club meetings in Iowa}, year = {1977}, author = {Bill Bogue} } @mastersthesis {8886, title = {The revised beginning 4-H clothing project}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1977}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Paula Rae Branshaw} } @mastersthesis {8904, title = {Role of the 4-H committee in Ohio counties as perceived by 4-H committee members and agents}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1977}, note = {

The author\&$\#$39;s last name was written as Vannostran, Donald L. in Research in Extension, p. 45

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose was to study the role of committees in 4-H. The author developed a questionnaire to identify 34 possible tasks of a 4-H committee. The population for the study included 80 non-urban counties in Ohio. The study found that county committee members and 4-H extension agents generally agreed on the importance of various task categories used in the studies. Committee members with little or no 4-H advisory experience tended to see the county fair and camp as important areas. Agents and committee members felt promoting the image of 4-H was one of the highest priority tasks of the 4-H committee. Planning and evaluating programs and providing a good communication system between the extension staff and volunteer leaders were important tasks for the 4-H committee.

}, author = {Donald Lee VanNostran} } @mastersthesis {8889, title = {Some principles useful in the development of effective rural youth programs as related to Al-Sadiq club work in Iraq}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1977}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Younis Mahmoud Fattah} } @mastersthesis {8900, title = {The Southern Ohio Teen Camp as perceived by older 4-H members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1977}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study was designed to provide information about older 4-H members who lived in the seven counties invited to attend the Southern Ohio Teen Camp in 1977. The study group consisted of camper and non-camper groups. All 92 campers participated. A 10 percent random sample was drawn from each of the 7 counties non-camper lists, resulting in 156 mailed questionnaires. Forty-six percent responded.

It was found that non-campers tended to have been in 4-H longer than the campers; more non-campers were employed away from home; campers valued free time and dancing highest while non-campers valued recreation and vespers highest; and camper generally preferred a summer teen camp during weekdays, of five days in length while non-campers generally preferred a spring or fall teen camp over the weekends.

}, author = {David Howard Samples} } @article {7617, title = {Teaching Teens Now}, year = {1977}, note = {report based on 1976 internship}, pages = {5-77}, author = {Susan J. Bell} } @booklet {7169, title = {Urban 4-H in West Virginia: A longitudinal evaluation and development of a programming model}, year = {1977}, author = {James C. Summers and Frederick Anthony Zeller} } @booklet {7155, title = {Youth development work in the United States: Its importance, trends and future directions}, year = {1977}, author = {Ivan Stafford} } @mastersthesis {8865, title = {4-H evaluation, accountability and reporting}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1976}, note = {

Paper in partial fulfillment of course 689: In evaluation of social programs

}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Warren S. Mauk} } @article {7233, title = {4-H for the deaf}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {14}, year = {1976}, note = {

Idea Corner

}, month = {Jan/Feb 1976}, pages = {3}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1976january/76-1-id1.pdf}, author = {Reagan Ammons} } @mastersthesis {8846, title = {A 4-H youth worker{\textquoteright}s competency study}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, note = {

PRK Abstract

}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The investigation was to determine the competencies as perceived by Extension workers necessary for the successful operation of a 4-H program. Data were collected through a mailed questionnaire to which a sample of 146 Extension workers responded. Computations consisted of determining mean, frequency, percent, ranking within category, and overall ranking. Data analysis revealed that 144 of the original 157 competencies were rated as much needed or higher. Sixty of the competencies were rated halfway between much needed and essential or higher. Administrative, communication, and program execution categories were consistently ranked higher while evaluation and resource development consistently ranked lower. Program planning, staffing and teaching were perceived as being generally equal in value for success in a 4-H program. Responses revealed that 4-H agents should be partially responsible for performing all the competencies. Competencies should be acquired during in-service or on-the job training.

}, author = {Danny Lamar Cheatham} } @mastersthesis {8878, title = {Analysis of 4-H community development programs in the Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1976}, note = {

Research in Extension, p. 46

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study were to describe and analyze the 4-H community development programs conducted by Extension agents or leaders through organized 4-H/CD groups at the local or county levels, to determine the priority for such programs, and analyze the most important 4-H/CD activities conducted. In addition, to specify limitations and conditions involved in conducting 4-H/CD programs as perceived by agents a the county level. Data were collected by mail questionnaire. The study found the areas being conducted are mostly: leadership, public affairs and land use planning, recreation and tourism, natural resources and conservations, health , history, culture and fine arts. A large number of 4-H/CD programs are being conducted through organized 4-H/CD groups. Extension agents who conducted 4-H/CD in their counties rated program items higher than those agents who did not have programs conducted in their county. Those counties with larger staffs rated programs higher as well. The priority rating of programs were not related to respondents level of education, major of last degree, years responsible for 4-H/CD programs and years employed with Extension. 4-H leaders were supportive of 4-H/CD programs.

Some agents reported conflicts in the process of implementing 4-H/CD programs. Some of their concerns were: job descriptions not being clear, top down efforts, lack of personnel at county level to assume new responsibilities.

}, author = {Paul Henry Waddy Jr.} } @mastersthesis {8879, title = {An analysis of Illinois volunteer 4-H leaders{\textquoteright} evaluation of the country 4-H show in providing education and experiences to the 4-H member}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, school = {Western Illinois University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Richard Douglas Weller} } @mastersthesis {8850, title = {An analysis of the procedures and attitudes of participants in 4-H beef projects in Stillwater County}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, note = {

Research in Extension, page 26.

}, school = {Montana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine how 4-H members select, evaluate and show 4-H market and breeding beef projects in Stillwater County and how parents and leaders involved in the 4-H beef projects view these facets of the project. A questionnaire was validated and sent to 198 leaders, leader-parents and members. Findings indicated that members plan their projects on an annual basis with the selection of animals guided by personal research as well as the influence of others. Data suggest that programs should encourage long range planning involving family members, leaders and extension agents to promote further\  experience and knowledge of the 4-H member. Educational programs should include: research findings in genetics, nutrition and management.

}, author = {Charles Evans Egan} } @mastersthesis {8840, title = {An approach to nonformal education for rural youth in developing countries}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Alberta, Canada}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Richard Irwin Andrews} } @mastersthesis {8848, title = {Attendance at Southern Ohio 4-H camps as related to promotion procedures, personal contacts and perceived value of camping}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to find out how 4-H campers in Southern Ohio heard about 4-H camp, who influenced 4-H campers to attend and how campers value fun and learning at 4-H camp. In addition, the important reasons for attending 4-H camp and differences between 4-H campers from counties that sent larger/smaller percentages of members to camp were assessed. A random sample of 4-H campers attending Canter\&$\#$39;s Cave and Tar Hollow 4-H camps and the Extension agents responsible for the camping program in each of 14 counties were questioned. Letters to 4-H members was the most effective method of informing campers of the camp. 4-H camp was a highly rated 4-H activity for fun and learning according to 4-H campers. Learning new skills and learning about nature were more important to younger than to the older campers. Older campers responded to \"getting away from home\". There was little if any evidence to account for why some counties have a higher percentage enrollment than do other counties.

}, author = {Fred J. Deel} } @mastersthesis {8877, title = {Attitudes toward incentives and competition: Their relationship to selected characteristics of volunteer leaders}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1976}, note = {

PRK Abstract

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

A questionnaire was developed to identify relationships of selected demographic characteristics and authoritarian beliefs of 116 North Carolina 4-H volunteer leaders to their attitudes toward intrinsic and extrinsic incentives and competition was investigated in this study. Frequency distributions, factor analysis and an analysis of variance were used for statistical analyses. There was a significant relationship between attitude scores toward intrinsic incentives and education, attitudes toward competition and place of residence and education and a significant inverse relationship between authoritarian beliefs and intrinsic attitudes. There was also a significant relationship between authoritarian beliefs and attitudes toward competition.

}, author = {Kathryn Ruth Treat} } @mastersthesis {8874, title = {Brevard County 4-H volunteer leaders{\textquoteright} perception of the understanding of selected 4-H program concepts}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, school = {Florida State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Joy Wren Statcher} } @booklet {6956, title = {Characteristics of the 4-H Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program}, year = {1976}, author = {J. Gerald Feaster} } @mastersthesis {8841, title = {A comparative analysis of selected Tennessee 4-H standards for the years 1965 and 1975 with projections to 1981}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {James Arthur Batsford} } @mastersthesis {8875, title = {A comparison of reactions of delegates and conference assistants to the 1975 Tennessee 4-H Communications Leadership Conference}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Patricia H. Taylor} } @mastersthesis {8858, title = {Competencies needed by Extension 4-H agents}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1976}, note = {

1975 or 1976
Research in Extension, p. 120

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {S. Alden Hilliker} } @article {7860, title = {Contributing factors to 4-H volunteer leader retention in Cowley County, Kansas}, year = {1976}, pages = {15 pp}, publisher = {Cooperative Extension Service}, address = {Kanasas State University}, author = {Eldon R. Weaver and L. P. Warren} } @mastersthesis {8866, title = {Development and testing of a series of horticulture units of instruction based on performance objectives to be used by local 4-H leaders}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1976}, note = {

Research in Extension, p. 71

}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to develop, test and evaluate a series of instructional units in the area of horticulture for use by local leaders in county 4-H programs. Significant differences in gain scores were evidenced in only two situations: members from rural counties and members 14 years and older. It was recommended that further units based upon behavioral objectives be developed in horticulture and in other project areas.

}, author = {Joe Mac Maxson} } @mastersthesis {8855, title = {Development of 4-H career education materials for Illinois Cooperative Extension Service advisers}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Illinois}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Walter Eugene Griffith} } @mastersthesis {8842, title = {Development of an advanced 4-H clothing project guide for the project leader}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1976}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Kathleen L. Brown} } @article {7358, title = {Economics in action: A program for youth}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {14}, year = {1976}, month = {May/June 1976}, pages = {16-19}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1976may/76-3-a3.pdf}, author = {W. M. Garmon and D. G. Harwood Jr.} } @mastersthesis {8854, title = {An evaluation of a 1975 national 4-H leader forum in terms of selected participants goals}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Martha Joe Freeman} } @mastersthesis {8853, title = {Evaluation of a learning module on motivation and incentives with 4-H volunteers}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Brenda Lorraine Foster} } @booklet {7035, title = {An evaluation of the self-learning center pilot program for 4-H volunteer training}, year = {1976}, author = {Lucille Ann Benke Linden} } @mastersthesis {8864, title = {An evaluation of the self-learning center pilot program for 4-H volunteer training}, volume = {M.A.C.E.}, year = {1976}, note = {

Master Adult and Continuing Education

}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lucille Ann Benke Linden} } @booklet {7206, title = {Executive summary: The effect of Extension Service{\textquoteright}s youth nutrition lesson series on behavioral change in EFNEP youth utilizing different educational environments and teachers}, year = {1976}, pages = {36 pp.}, author = {Estelle E. White and Edgar J. Boone and R. J. Monroe} } @mastersthesis {8860, title = {Factors influencing discontinuance among first year adult 4-H volunteer leaders in New Mexico}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1976}, school = {New Mexico State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {George Wainwright Johnson} } @mastersthesis {8876, title = {Factors influencing Tennessee teen 4-H leader{\textquoteright}s perception and performance of leadership in Wayne County, Tennessee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Martha Jo Tolley} } @mastersthesis {8872, title = {Factors related to 4-H leader service}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1976}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Larry W. Rogers} } @mastersthesis {8856, title = {First year 4-H leaders in Saskatchewan: Recruitment, retention and training}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1976}, note = {

PRK Abstract - Also published in Journal of Extension, 17, 10-12

}, school = {University of Saskatchewan}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Glenden William Hass} } @booklet {7199, title = {Five year summary of selected 4-H special projects, 1971-1976}, howpublished = {List of overall research projects?}, year = {1976}, author = {USDA Extension} } @booklet {7040, title = {The impact of Extension in a county related to the 4-H youth program: Shawano County, Wisconsin}, year = {1976}, author = {Mary Marshall} } @article {7909, title = {Incentives in 4-H research and development project}, year = {1976}, author = {J. Parsons and J. Brommal and William Neal Conoley Jr. and T. McKinney} } @mastersthesis {8852, title = {Influence of selected variables upon clothing knowledge of fifth grade 4-H club girls in McMinn County, Tennessee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Dorothy Marsha Carroll Flanigan} } @article {7658, title = {Job satisfiers and dissatisfiers of Wisconsin 4-H youth agents}, year = {1976}, note = {Survey conducted in 1976}, pages = {approx. 10 pp.}, author = {C. Gutenberger and T. Geiger} } @mastersthesis {8868, title = {Learning for Living: Effective programming for Mexican-American youth (4-H and Hispanic Involvement in Star County, TX)}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1976}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Ida A. Perez} } @mastersthesis {8880, title = {The local private business sector as a potential resource base for extension youth organizations and their programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John Howard Wells} } @mastersthesis {8859, title = {Nutrition knowledge of 4-H leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Idaho}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Susan Kay Inouye} } @mastersthesis {8851, title = {Prior membership in outdoor-oriented youth organizations: Its relationship to environmental attitudes in young adults}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Richard Allen Ellis} } @article {6887, title = {Process and impact evaluation: The Detroit 4-H program, Final report}, year = {1976}, month = {10/1976}, institution = {Michigan State University, Center for Urban Affairs/College of Urban Development}, address = {East Lansing, MI}, url = {https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2786531}, author = {Ralph Abbott and Billye J. Suttles and Maxi C. Jackson (Jr.) and B. W. Logan} } @mastersthesis {8844, title = {A proposal for a program of environmental education and outdoor recreation for the Cumberland County 4-H clubs}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1976}, school = {Glassboro State College [Rowan University]}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Margery A. Butterfield} } @mastersthesis {8861, title = {The relationship of Idaho 4-H leaders{\textquoteright} expressed attitude toward newer 4-H programs and dogmatism}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Maurice Eugene Johnson} } @article {7289, title = {Research in Brief: 4-H Leader Needs Assessment~}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {15}, year = {1976}, note = {

Description of a Master\&$\#$39;s Thesis:\  \"A study of needs and abilities of 4-H leaders related to leader training in Boulder County\" by Joan Camp. Colorado State University, 1976

}, month = {Sept/Oct 1977}, pages = {29-30}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1977september/77-5-rb5.pdf}, author = {Phyllis Worden and Joan Camp} } @mastersthesis {8843, title = {Role performance of 4-H junior leaders in the New Orleans metropolitan area}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Pamela Ann Burgess} } @mastersthesis {8863, title = {Selected characteristics of high and low performance rated extension agents responsible for the Tennessee Agricultural Extension Special Program in food for youth}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Beverly Daniels Kosoko} } @mastersthesis {8849, title = {Selected factors associated with participation in urban 4-H in Bossier Parish}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Albert Lee Doughty} } @booklet {6959, title = {State volunteer leaders{\textquoteright} associations, summary and evaluation of survey, 1976: a 4-H volunteer intern report}, year = {1976}, author = {Terry Flores} } @booklet {7034, title = {Study of 4-H youth and 4-H programming; Part II}, year = {1976}, author = {Robert B. Lewis and Anne L. Heinsohn and Warren S. Mauk} } @mastersthesis {8869, title = {A study of certain factors which are associated with training of 4-H club members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, school = {Virginia State College, Petersburg}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose was to develop instructional methods that will get 4-H club members to accept the instruction which is provided. The study found that instructional methods which employed the services of adult leaders were considered to be the least expensive and best approach to training 4-H\&$\#$39;ers.Television and radio were not rated very high in their value as training devices.

}, author = {Rudolph Powell} } @mastersthesis {8867, title = {A study of member participation in 4-H club activities in Coal County}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Purpose of the study was to identify the scheduled 4-H events during the 1975-76 school year. A questionnaire was given to 181 members in five 4-H clubs. The questionnaire asked for a negative or positive response to participation in 15 scheduled events.

}, author = {Vaden Winifred Morgan} } @mastersthesis {8862, title = {A study of the congruency of competencies and criterion-referenced measures}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John Wilbur Jones} } @mastersthesis {8847, title = {A study to identify the training needs of extension personnel as perceived by 4-H and youth agents in Maryland}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Barbara L. Cliff} } @mastersthesis {8857, title = {A survey of the 4-H craft program in Maryland}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Alice E. Hevner} } @mastersthesis {8871, title = {A survey of the girls 4-H club program in five Mississippi counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Southern Mississippi}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Dorian D. Rogers} } @mastersthesis {8873, title = {A task analysis of project leaders roles by extension home economists and home and family project leaders in the Wisconsin 4-H program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Stout}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Judy I. Rommel} } @mastersthesis {8845, title = {Tasks performed by 4-H program assistants as perceived by Georgia 4-H Extension agents, 4-H program assistants and volunteer leaders}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1976}, note = {

Research in Extension, p. 35

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to: Identify the tasks perceived as appropriate for the development of the 4-H program assistant. Data were collected by questionnaires from 38 extension agents, 47 program assistants, and 82 volunteer leaders during 1975 and 1976. Considerable disagreement was found within the Cooperative Extension Service as to the categorization of tasks performed by 4-H program assistants into functional categories. Years of formal education of 4-H program assistants was higher than would be expected for a person who was not professionally trained. Extension agents with 4-H responsibility, 4-H program assistants and 4-H volunteer leaders had a high level of consensus on the appropriateness and on the percentage of tasks being performed by the 4-H program assistant. They were not in consensus on task appropriateness for 4-H program assistants in the areas of program evaluation and determining program objectives, communication between the program assistants and the local citizens, volunteer leaders and extension agents, and availability of resources for the 4-H program.

}, url = {http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148700086354164}, author = {John Rickey Byrd} } @mastersthesis {8870, title = {What is the relationship of reasons given for re-enrolling or dropping out of 4-H by first year members from new and regular audiences in four Ohio counties?}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, note = {

Research in Extension, p. 44

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to determine if differences existed between new and regular audience participants with regard to whether or not boys and girls reenrolled or dropped out of 4-H. Four hundred, sixty six responses from boys and girls who were first year members in Butler, Hamilton, Montgomery and Warren Counties were obtained by school interview or mail questionnaire. It was found that boys and girls from new and regular audiences did not differ with regards to their reasons for reenrolling or dropping out of 4-H. Some young people, involved in classroom activities, did not know that they were 4-H members. Both boys and girls liked learning new skills, meeting new friends and having fun.

}, author = {Charles Grover Replogle} } @article {7476, title = {The 4-H program assistant{\textquoteright}s role}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {13}, year = {1975}, month = {July/August 1975}, pages = {11-18}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1975july/1975-4-a2.pdf}, author = {Jerry Parsons and John A. Kiesow} } @mastersthesis {8828, title = {4-H programs for Mexican American children}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1975}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Joan Marie Pipes} } @booklet {7168, title = {4-H rural community development: The West Virginia project}, year = {1975}, author = {James C. Summers and Frederick Anthony Zeller} } @mastersthesis {8831, title = {Analysis of factors related to 4-H project leadership in selected Wisconsin counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1975}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {James Andrew Rutledge} } @booklet {7205, title = {Attitudes of white 4-H professionals in the northeast region of the United States toward blacks}, year = {1975}, author = {Gene Child Whaples} } @mastersthesis {8814, title = {A comparative study of 4-H and non-4-H high school boys in three selected counties in Indiana}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1975}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Richard Owen Berglund} } @mastersthesis {8815, title = {Comparisons of extension junior 4-H club programs in Tennessee counties with varying patterns of 4-H leadership organizations}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1975}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Dorothy Moore Dixon} } @article {7855, title = {Competencies needed by 4-H volunteers for the effective use of incentives: A needs assessment study}, year = {1975}, note = {ED 114667; sponsored Extension Service (USDA), Washington, DC}, author = {Kathryn Ruth Treat and Jerry Parsons and David Ronald Burnette and Brenda Foster} } @article {7773, title = {Competencies needed by 4-H volunteers for the use of incentives}, year = {1975}, note = {

ED 114667

}, pages = {7 pp.}, institution = {North Carolina State University}, address = {Raleigh, NC}, url = {https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED114667.pdf}, author = {Kathryn Ruth Treat and Jerry Parsons and David Ronald Burnette and Brenda Foster} } @mastersthesis {8836, title = {Contributing factors to 4-H volunteer leader retention in Crowley County, Kansas}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1975}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Eldon R. Weaver} } @mastersthesis {8820, title = {The effect of the Extension Service{\textquoteright}s youth nutrition lesson series and selected socio-psychological factors on nutrition behavior change in disadvantaged youth}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1975}, note = {

4-H Impact Study Abstract

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Margaret Anne James} } @mastersthesis {8821, title = {The effect of the Extension Service{\textquoteright}s youth nutrition lesson series and selected factors in the teaching/learning environment on nutrition behavior change in disadvantaged youth}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1975}, note = {

4-H Impact Study

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Martha Ruth Johnson} } @mastersthesis {8835, title = {Evaluation of food and nutrition concepts of Iowa youth in the expanded nutrition program using a slide-tape presentation}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1975}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {June Walter Watson} } @mastersthesis {8825, title = {An evaluation of selected Tennessee Extension 4-H project literature}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1975}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Charles W. Morgan} } @mastersthesis {8819, title = {The extent to which 4-H summer camps meet the needs of 4-H club members in Louisiana, 1975}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1975}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {James Rodney Houston} } @article {7827, title = {Helping leaders help youth. An evaluation report of a program for Illinois volunteer 4-H leaders, 1973-75}, year = {1975}, note = {ED 141 000}, author = {G. Daigh and E. Vernon and C. Scherer and J. Scherer} } @booklet {7039, title = {Helping youth help themselves: An evaluative study of the urban conference}, year = {1975}, pages = {85 pp.}, author = {Violet M. Malone and F. Haegele} } @mastersthesis {8824, title = {A historical review of the forces that contributed to the formation of the Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1975}, note = {

Also published in Journal of Extension,
Jan/Feb 1981, 3-7

}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Charles L. Lang} } @mastersthesis {8839, title = {The impact of two experimental time-limited leadership training programs on youth}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1975}, school = {Kansas State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Phyllis Eileen Worden} } @article {7687, title = {Incentives in 4-H: A review of literature on awards, competition, and motivation}, year = {1975}, month = {June 1975}, author = {G. Kowitz and S. Dronberger} } @mastersthesis {8833, title = {Influence of parental characteristics on the retention of senior 4-H club members in Wayne County, Tennessee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1975}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {James Dennis Taylor} } @booklet {6903, title = {Interim evaluation report on staff development and training related to 4-H youth development}, year = {1975}, author = {John W. Banning} } @mastersthesis {8826, title = {Leadership training needs of adult and junior 4-H leaders in Rusk County}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1975}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Bruce V. Nelson} } @booklet {7219, title = {Long Term 4-H Trends, 1948-1975}, year = {1975} } @mastersthesis {8838, title = {The Oceano program experimental 4-H}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1975}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Paula Jo Wisch} } @booklet {7058, title = {Ohio 4-H agent-program assistance consensus on tasks, program assistant characteristics, characteristics of the work relationship and program success}, year = {1975}, author = {Margory M. Mortvedt and Elaine S. Karr} } @mastersthesis {8830, title = {The Pennsylvania 4-H consumer education activity: An historical perspective}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1975}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mary Bucher Ritzman} } @mastersthesis {8817, title = {Programming to meet the needs and interest of youth in Lubbock County, Texas through 4-H projects}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1975}, school = {Texas Tech University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Alan J. Fires} } @mastersthesis {8818, title = {Relationships between Tennessee 4-H club explorer programs and volunteer leadership structure}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1975}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Bettye T. Griffin} } @article {7694, title = {A review process and effectiveness of program development resulting from state and county 4-H program reviews, July-August 1975}, year = {1975}, note = {Special project reports}, pages = {18 pp.}, author = {Daniel E. Lindsay} } @mastersthesis {8834, title = {The role of communication sources in the adoption of the "Mulligan Stew" TV series by elementary school teachers}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1975}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Barbara Craig Warning} } @mastersthesis {8837, title = {Selected organizational and program characteristics, staffing patterns and problems of 4-H club work in urban Tennessee counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1975}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Patricia Rae Wilkinson} } @mastersthesis {8816, title = {A study of 4-H camp counselor training programs in the western district}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1975}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Stout}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Donald S. Dukerschein} } @mastersthesis {8827, title = {A study of participation patterns in voluntary organizations by youth in Cassia County, Idaho}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1975}, school = {University of Idaho}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Joan Kelly Parr} } @mastersthesis {8832, title = {A study of the 4-H club program in Thailand}, volume = {M.Ag.Ext.}, year = {1975}, note = {

Master of Agriculture Extension degree

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sutee Tantiratanapisal} } @mastersthesis {8829, title = {A systems approach to 4-H club management}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1975}, school = {Ball State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {David Dale Pyle} } @booklet {7081, title = {A systems evaluation of a purposive message: The Mulligan Stew ETV project}, year = {1975}, note = {Elsie Carper}, author = {C. N. Olien and P. J. Tichenor and G. A. Donohue} } @mastersthesis {8823, title = {A technique for the identification of concepts relevant to selected role behaviors of Cooperative Extension Service practitioners}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1975}, note = {

4-H Impact Study Abstract

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {E. A. Kelly} } @booklet {7166, title = {Urban 4-H in West Virginia: A mid-course evaluation}, year = {1975}, author = {James C. Summers} } @booklet {6985, title = {What youth think and say about agriculture: research summary, a plan}, year = {1975}, author = {J. Cordell Hatch} } @article {8822, title = {The youth department of the University of Missouri from an organizational standpoint}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1975}, institution = {Central Missouri State University}, type = {Research paper (M.A.)}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/30696441}, author = {Bert Lynn Jones} } @mastersthesis {8797, title = {4-H for low-income and minority group children}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1974}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Nancy Sue Hodgson} } @mastersthesis {8794, title = {Analysis of personal problems reported by 4-H junior leaders using the Mooney Problem Check List}, volume = {Ed.Spec.}, year = {1974}, note = {

Education Specialist

}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Charles A. Gosney} } @mastersthesis {8803, title = {The attitudes and learning levels of a 4-H audience to the use of educational television}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1974}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Larry Duane Lotz} } @mastersthesis {8813, title = {Attitudes of white 4-H professionals toward blacks}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1974}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Gene Child Whaples} } @mastersthesis {8804, title = {Characteristics of 4-H clubs in selected nations with recommendations for developing 4-H club work for Afghanistan}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1974}, note = {

Research in Extension, p. 73

}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to identify and study characteristics, functions, objectives and roles of 4-H youth work in the U.S. and ten selected nations for the possibility of determining suitability in Afghanistan. Recommendations from the study were as follows: to take steps to enable extension staff of Afghanistan to learn more about 4-H club work and second, to develop a recommended plan for promoting 4-H club work in Afghanistan to meet the needs, interests, wants and objectives of young people and of the whole community. 4-H club work should be established by the ministry of Agriculture, a comprehensive in-service training program be provided, local volunteer leaders trained and 4-H should provide practical experiences in real life situations.

}, author = {Jan Mohammad} } @mastersthesis {8800, title = {Characteristics of and knowledge gained by fourth through ninth grade girls experiencing a 4-H club camp learning center series on management}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1974}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mary Ross King} } @mastersthesis {8791, title = {Communication with urban low-income 4-H club leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1974}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Dale John Blackledge} } @mastersthesis {8808, title = {Comparison of two methods used in training 4-H teacher leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1974}, note = {

Research in Extension, p. 74

}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to compare different methods of training two groups of 4-H teacher-leaders using the Chick Embryo Program.

It was found that there were no significant differences in the post test scores of 4-H members taught by leaders tra

}, author = {George R. Salwaechter} } @mastersthesis {8793, title = {Conducting a 4-H sewing project}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1974}, school = {California Polytechnic State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Linda Fissori} } @booklet {7016, title = {A critical evaluation of the National 4-H Fellowship Program}, year = {1974}, author = {John A. Kiesow} } @mastersthesis {8790, title = {The development and testing of a basic 4-H experimental learning center unit for present and prospective Tennessee 4-H agents}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1974}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Peggy Mustain Adkins} } @mastersthesis {8798, title = {Educational needs perceived by Ohio 4-H volunteer leaders in the Wapakoneta Extension area}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1974}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {David Carroll Jeffiers} } @article {7816, title = {An evaluation of the Michigan Stew 4-H Television Series for Extension Service, USDA}, year = {1974}, note = {Elsie Carper Collection}, month = {December 1974} } @article {9924, title = {An evaluation of the Mulligan Stew 4-H television series for Extension Service, USDA. Vol II, Report of the Study}, number = {AAI-74-120}, year = {1974}, note = {

There were three volumes for the report: 1) executive summary, 2) report of the study, and 3) the case studies.

Prepared for\ Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 4-H Youth Development Division

}, month = {12/1974}, pages = {215p.}, institution = {ABT Associates}, address = {Cambridge, MA}, url = {https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED134619.pdf}, author = {Sydelle Stone Shapiro and Richard L. Bale and Vince Scardino and Tom Cerva and ABT Associates} } @article {6890, title = {An evaluation of the Mulligan Stew 4-H television series for Extension Service, USDA. Vol III, Case Studies}, year = {1974}, note = {

There were three volumes for the report: 1) executive summary, 2) report of the study, and 3) the case studies.

Prepared for\ Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 4-H Youth Development Division

}, month = {10/1974}, pages = {89p.}, institution = {ABT Associates}, address = {Cambridge, MA}, keywords = {Behavior Change, Case Studies, Costs, Delivery Systems, Eating.Habits, Educational Television, Elementary School Students, Intermediate Grades Nutrition Instruction, Mulligan Stew, Program Evaluation, Training}, url = {https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED134620.pdf}, author = {ABT Associates and Sydelle Stone Shapiro} } @article {7740, title = {An evaluation of the Mulligan Stew 4-H television series for Extension Service, USDA Vol. 1, Executive Summary}, number = {AAI-74-120}, year = {1974}, note = {

There were three volumes for the report: 1) executive summary, 2) report of the study, and 3) the case studies.

Prepared for\ Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 4-H Youth Development Division

}, month = {12/1974}, pages = {40p.}, institution = {ABT Associates}, address = {Cambridge, MA}, url = {https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED134618.pdf}, author = {Sydelle Stone Shapiro and Richard L. Bale and Vince Scardino and Tom Cerva and ABT Associates} } @mastersthesis {8792, title = {An evaluation of the pilot edition of the environmental awareness 4-H youth development project}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1974}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Otis Freeman Curtis IV} } @mastersthesis {8810, title = {An evaluative study of a southern region 4-H leader forum}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1974}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Dick Wayland Smith} } @mastersthesis {8805, title = {An exploratory survey of selected literature, selected 4-H programs, and other selected youth serving agencies: Contributions to educational programs for urban youth}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1974}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Susan Elizabeth Perkins} } @mastersthesis {8796, title = {Factors influencing the activity level of executive members in district 4-H councils in Manitoba: A thesis}, volume = {M.C.Ed.}, year = {1974}, note = {

Master of Continuing Education degree

}, school = {University of Saskatchewan}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Orval Raymond Henderson} } @article {7693, title = {The functional development and evaluation of a youth staffing model utilizing the ideal role of the paraprofessional youth worker}, year = {1974}, pages = {66 pp.}, author = {C. Lewis and John A. Kiesow and S. Lyday}, editor = {R. Gilchrist and T. Jeffs and J. Spence} } @booklet {6967, title = {The Gallup study of public awareness and image of voluntary youth agencies}, year = {1974}, author = {Gallup Organization} } @mastersthesis {8811, title = {Identification of roles and related variables of paraprofessional youth workers in three county 4-H staffing models in the Michigan Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1974}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Bernard Alan Snider} } @mastersthesis {8799, title = {Influence of 4-H and other factors on attitudes, knowledge and abilities acquired in the home economics judging activity by selected senior 4-H girls in Tennessee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1974}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Glenda H. Jellicorse} } @mastersthesis {8802, title = {Preferences and expectations of selected senior 4-H members and extension agents regarding Tennessee camps and conferences}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1974}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Stephen Herbert Lester} } @mastersthesis {8801, title = {Program responsibilities and training needs of Ohio 4-H program assistants}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1974}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Robert W. Lahmers} } @mastersthesis {8812, title = {Selected characteristics of girls who drop out of 4-H club in Suwanee County, Florida}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1974}, school = {Florida State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Meredith Creel Taylor} } @article {7374, title = {Study of 4-H Youth and 4-H programming}, journal = {Extension Studies}, volume = {49}, year = {1974}, note = {Also: Summary of the study of 4-H youth and 4-H programming.}, author = {D. Gottlieb and R. Lewis and Anne L. Heinsohn} } @mastersthesis {8795, title = {A summative evaluation of the Indiana Cooperative Extension Service Community Development Youth project}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1974}, school = {Ball State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Arthur Clayton Hadley} } @mastersthesis {8807, title = {A survey of the attitudes and the knowledge of nutrition acquired by a select group of Marion County, Mississippi youth after participating in the "Mulligan Stew" 4-H nutrition program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1974}, school = {University of Southern Mississippi}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Betty Lynn Reaves} } @mastersthesis {8806, title = {The use of sensitivity and awareness training experiences in value clarification for 4-H camp counselors}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1974}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Stout}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Paul E. Ramsden} } @mastersthesis {8809, title = {Youth centers in Missouri: Implementing the Missouri 4-H Foundation}, volume = {M.Rec.}, year = {1974}, note = {

Master of Recreation degree

}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/9980026}, author = {Allan T. Smith} } @mastersthesis {8773, title = {The 4-H and Mexican Americans}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1973}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Pamela Bettencourt} } @mastersthesis {8785, title = {4-H dairy foods}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1973}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Kathleen Sandrini} } @mastersthesis {8774, title = {An analysis and evaluation of 4-H programs for the mentally handicapped in Washington State: Special problem report}, volume = {M.Ext.}, year = {1973}, note = {

Master of Extension degree

}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Suzanne Kathryn Boyd} } @mastersthesis {8784, title = {An analysis of the training needs of 4-H community leaders as perceived by 4-H leaders, agents and state specialists}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1973}, school = {Kansas State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lawrence Dean Riat} } @mastersthesis {8778, title = {A comparative analysis of Florida 4-H organizational leaders{\textquoteright} and county extension 4-H coordinators{\textquoteright} perception of selected 4-H program functions}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1973}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Thomas Charles Greenawalt} } @mastersthesis {8779, title = {A comparison of selected aspects of training needed by adult 4-H leaders as perceived by professional extension agents and adult 4-H leaders in six southwest Oklahoma counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1973}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Frank Guy Harlow} } @mastersthesis {8771, title = {Conservation education program for Las Posadas 4-H camp}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1973}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Daniel M Allen} } @mastersthesis {8782, title = {An evaluation of the extent of 4-H members{\textquoteright} clothing construction knowledge and the source of that knowledge: A study of selected 4-H clubs in Beaver and Centre Counties, Pennsylvania}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1973}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Karen Ann Leech} } @article {7399, title = {Golden-age 4-H clubs: An expanded concept for the Cooperative Extension Service}, journal = {The Family Coordinator}, volume = {11}, year = {1973}, month = {July}, pages = {327-330}, abstract = {Author proposes 4-H clubs for senior citizens}, author = {Verna Hildebrand} } @article {7846, title = {Influence of selected factors on level of 4-H participation by seventh, eighth and ninth grade boys and girls in Bledsoe County, Tennessee}, year = {1973}, note = {

ERIC document ED 076 868

}, url = {https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED076868.pdf}, author = {J. F. Nichols and Cecil E. Carter Jr. and Robert S. Dotson} } @mastersthesis {8775, title = {The perceived role of the youth agent as viewed by 4-H adult and junior leaders}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1973}, school = {Ball State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {William Edward Caldwell} } @mastersthesis {8783, title = {A plan of action to implement a job stability program for an extension adviser in an urban area}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1973}, school = {Florida State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Violet M. Malone} } @article {7660, title = {Production and testing material for a learning center for volunteer leaders in 4-H youth}, year = {1973}, author = {James E. Havens} } @mastersthesis {8780, title = {Professional competencies essential for beginning extension agents in Arizona}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1973}, school = {University of Arizona}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Francis Musyoka Itulya} } @mastersthesis {8787, title = {Programming to meet the needs and interests of youth, ages nine to fourteen, through 4-H in Floyd County, Texas}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1973}, school = {Texas Tech University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Doyle Gene Warren} } @mastersthesis {8777, title = {Recreation attitudes of volunteer 4-H horsemanship project leaders in the Mid-Missouri area}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1973}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Rita A. Diekroeger} } @mastersthesis {8789, title = {Relationships between mood modifying substance usage, attitude and alienation among 4-H and non 4-H youth}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1973}, school = {University of Illinois}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Richard Anthony Windsor} } @article {7683, title = {Role model for the paraprofessional youth worker}, year = {1973}, note = {

ERIC Document ED 080 871

}, month = {August 1973}, pages = {23 pp.}, url = {https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED080871.pdf}, author = {John A. Kiesow} } @mastersthesis {8772, title = {Sewing with knits}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1973}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Carleen Augusto} } @article {7633, title = {Some effects of the Mulligan Stew TV Series upon nutrition knowledge and practices by selected classes of elementary school children in Oahu, Hawaii}, year = {1973}, note = {Elsie Carper Collection}, month = {August 1973}, author = {Doris L. Davenport} } @mastersthesis {8788, title = {Some factors relating to 4-H club camp counselors and their employment in Extension work}, volume = {M.A.E.}, year = {1973}, note = {

Master of Agriculture Extension degree

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Michael R. Welborn} } @article {7366, title = {Sources of clothing ideas and patterns of clothing use of rural lower social class adolescents}, journal = {EHE Reporter Research and Studies Issue}, year = {1973}, month = {1973}, pages = {7 pp.}, author = {Cheryl A. Geiger} } @mastersthesis {8781, title = {A study of changes in dental health care behavior of 4-H youth in selected Louisiana parishes}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1973}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Michael Alan Jones} } @booklet {6908, title = {A study of inner city Cooperative Extension work in selected states and cities in the northeast}, year = {1973}, author = {J. Richard Beattie} } @mastersthesis {8786, title = {A study of the current status of home economics consumer education in Cooperative Extension youth programs in the United States and specifically Montana}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1973}, school = {Montana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Beverly Baringer Wallace} } @article {7645, title = {The younger child and 4-H: A national survey. A 4-H Intern Report.}, year = {1973}, pages = {40 pp.}, url = {https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED105100}, author = {Suzanne G. Fisher} } @mastersthesis {8776, title = {Youth expanded food and nutrition education program: Staff competencies and youth personal development concepts}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1973}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, doi = {10.31274/rtd-180813-2376}, author = {Virginia Caples} } @article {7266, title = {Youth know what they want}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {11}, year = {1973}, month = {Summer 1973}, pages = {28-33}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1973summer/1973-2-a3.pdf}, author = {George T. Blume} } @mastersthesis {8756, title = {4-H leadership in-service training needs of Tennessee county extension agents}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1972}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Marifloyd Hamil} } @mastersthesis {8755, title = {4-H parent, adult leader and junior leader consensus on expansion of the youth program of the Agricultural Extension Service in Wright County}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1972}, school = {University of Minnesota}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John Sverre Halvorson} } @mastersthesis {8759, title = {Aide utilization in voluntary youth educational programs}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1972}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Glen Krohn} } @mastersthesis {8767, title = {An analysis of training needs and learning activities of community 4-H adult leaders as perceived by a selected group of North Carolina 4-H leaders}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1972}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Wayne Paysour Smith} } @mastersthesis {8751, title = {Boys, their problems in development, needs and interests with implications for their involvement and the involvement of their adult sex-role morals in 4-H}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1972}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jonathan Whitney Bancroft} } @mastersthesis {8763, title = {A comparison of the extent of fulfillment of adolescent needs by 4-H youth organizations in selected parishes in Louisiana, 1971}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1972}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sherian Ann Hadskey Reed} } @mastersthesis {8765, title = {A critique of the King County, Washington 4-H club program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1972}, school = {Oregon State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ronald Walter Scott} } @booklet {7080, title = {Educational television: An evaluational model}, year = {1972}, author = {C. N. Olien and P. J. Tichenor and G. A. Donohue} } @mastersthesis {8770, title = {An evaluation of the image of the 4-H club in Franklin County, Georgia}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1972}, note = {

Paper: Course No. 921

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Kenneth Dwayne Withrow} } @booklet {6974, title = {Factors influencing food choices of 4-H club members in Williamson County, Tennessee: A research summary of a graduate study}, year = {1972}, author = {Virginia Ruth Geary and Claire Gilbert and Robert S. Dodson} } @article {7669, title = {Factors related to 4-H membership status and selected characteristics of ninth grade girls in Blount County, TN}, year = {1972}, note = {Also in EHE Reporter, 1973 Research Issue, page 4.}, abstract = {Declining enrollments in this county prompted the study of 246 girls of which 62 were 4-H members and 184 were dropouts. Findings included: 4-H membership was related to place of residence. Rural non-farm or farms retaining more members, 2) the longer the years in 4-H, the less likelihood to dropout, 3) positive reactions from parents kept memberships up, 4) 4-H members belong to and are active in more organizations than dropouts, 5) 4-H members repond favorably to competition, 6) higher participation in activities and events retained members, and 7) 4-H members watched more television than dropouts.}, author = {Ruby Nell Jeter and Cecil E. Carter Jr. and Robert S. Dutson} } @mastersthesis {8752, title = {Factors which influence the 4-H membership status of the ninth and tenth grade girls in Bradley County, Tennessee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1972}, note = {

Also published in the EHE Reporter Research and Studies Issue, 1974, p. 8

}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Maxine Byerley} } @mastersthesis {8769, title = {Influence of selected factors on level of 4-H participation by seventh, eight and ninth grade boys and girls in Cannon County, Tennessee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1972}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {William Albert Warren} } @mastersthesis {8762, title = {An investigation of interests in selected areas of home and family living of minority group youth enrolled in the Agricultural Extension Youth Expanded Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) in Alameda County}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1972}, school = {San Francisco State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Eileen Margaret Nan Ormiston} } @booklet {6937, title = {National 4-H leader forum evaluation: 4-H intern report}, year = {1972}, author = {Charles F. Dvorak} } @booklet {7083, title = {Nutrition concepts of youth in Iowa Expanded Nutrition Program (EFNEP)}, howpublished = {JOE Abstract}, year = {1972}, author = {Stella A. K. Ombwara} } @booklet {7148, title = {Perceived training needs of urban 4-H agents working with disadvantaged audiences}, year = {1972}, author = {Joel Robert Soobitsky} } @mastersthesis {8766, title = {Public relations activities of the Phoenix, Arizona, 4-H Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1972}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Linda Loe Smith} } @mastersthesis {8758, title = {Role model for the paraprofessional youth worker in the Extension Service}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1972}, note = {

4-H Impact Study Abstract

USDA 4-H-11 bulletin 8-73

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {John A. Kiesow} } @mastersthesis {8753, title = {Role of the assistant or associate county agent (4-H) in Mississippi}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1972}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kenneth L. Cook} } @article {7589, title = {Smoking habits and attitudes of 4-H youth in Illinois, ages 9 to 12}, journal = {Journal of School Health}, volume = {42}, year = {1972}, month = {November 1972}, pages = {558-560}, doi = {10.1111/j.1746-1561.1972.tb00980.x}, author = {Richard Anthony Windsor} } @mastersthesis {8757, title = {Some general principles useful in the development of effective 4-H club work}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1972}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Rorogoda M. Jayaramaiat} } @booklet {7003, title = {Some general principles useful in the development of effective 4-H club work: A research summary of a graduate study}, year = {1972}, author = {Karagada M. Jayaramaiah} } @article {7619, title = {A study of the 4-H organizational leadership development process in Robertson, Davidson, and Sumner counties, Tennessee}, year = {1972}, note = {

ED 073 340. Prepared for Agriculture Extension 5120 course.

}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/967601392}, author = {Joan Billings and Shirley Miller and others} } @mastersthesis {8760, title = {A study of the county roles of responsibility for members of Indiana 4-H Council}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1972}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Norman D. Long} } @mastersthesis {8754, title = {A study of the relationship of self-concept to intelligence and sex in a sample of ninth grade adolescents}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1972}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Patricia More Dawson} } @mastersthesis {8764, title = {Volunteer 4-H leaders with youth with limited resources in the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education (EFNEP) Program}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1972}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Emerson Sanders} } @mastersthesis {8768, title = {Volunteer participation as a function of personal and situational variables}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1972}, school = {University of Utah}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {John Redmond Turner} } @mastersthesis {8733, title = {4-H and environmental education: Thesis}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1971}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Albert O. Meier} } @mastersthesis {8728, title = {4-H for the mentally retarded}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1971}, note = {

M.S. Teaching Mental Retardation

}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Eau Claire}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lillian C. Lee} } @mastersthesis {8748, title = {4-H workshops for children from low-income families}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1971}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Sally Weitkamp} } @mastersthesis {8741, title = {An analysis of perceived interpersonal relationships between extension agents, 4-H members and former 4-H members in Alabama}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1971}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {James Leonard Smith} } @mastersthesis {8726, title = {An analysis of the expressed training needs of the Extension youth program aide in the Washington State University Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {M.Ext.}, year = {1971}, note = {

Master of Extension degree

}, month = {1971}, pages = {101 leaves}, school = {Washington State University}, url = {https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/7777409}, author = {Deane H. Johnson} } @mastersthesis {8717, title = {An analysis of the role of the International Farm Youth Exchange (IFYE) program in cross-cultural communication}, volume = {M.Ext.}, year = {1971}, note = {

Master of Extension degree

}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Anna Marie Boyd} } @mastersthesis {8743, title = {Attitudes toward the service leader and program leader approach to expanded 4-H club work in Idaho}, volume = {M.Ext.}, year = {1971}, note = {
  1. Master of Extension degree
  2. JOE Abstract - ??, 55.
}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Charles Melton Thomas} } @mastersthesis {8723, title = {Camp counselor influence on the 4-H junior camp nature study programs at Camp Ohio}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1971}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Paul R. Hothem} } @mastersthesis {8718, title = {Consensus among power figures regarding youth programs}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1971}, school = {University of Minnesota}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mary Louise Cloyd} } @article {7567, title = {Developing new junior leaders}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {9}, year = {1971}, month = {Spring 1971}, pages = {22-26}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1971spring/1971-1-a3.pdf}, author = {Allen L. Ulrich} } @mastersthesis {8729, title = {Effect of questions interspersed in connected discourse on new 4-H leader attitude and knowledge}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1971}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Richard Pierce Lorah} } @mastersthesis {8750, title = {The effectiveness of a correspondence course for new 4-H leaders}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1971}, note = {

Also ED 052 457

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Richard Ernest Young} } @mastersthesis {8747, title = {An evaluation of the Crow Indian 4-H programs}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1971}, school = {Montana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Robert Art Weber} } @mastersthesis {8730, title = {An evaluation of the effectiveness of 4-H TV science project in Jackson County}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1971}, note = {

Paper: Course No. 921, ERIC Document 067 553
4-H Impact Study Abstract

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Ronnie R. Mathis} } @mastersthesis {8745, title = {An evaluation of the low-income youth nutrition program in Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana, 1970}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1971}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jackie Elisabeth Trotter} } @mastersthesis {8740, title = {An exploratory study of the effects of compensatory education on the agents, 4-H members and former 4-H members in Alabama}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1971}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Calvin Mathew Smith (Jr.)} } @mastersthesis {8721, title = {An extension program for older youth concerning the cross-cultural influences of clothing}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1971}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Susan Tyner Goodale} } @mastersthesis {8719, title = {Factors affecting the identification, recruiting and training of volunteer 4-H adult leaders in Texas}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1971}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Kenneth Lloyd Denmark} } @mastersthesis {8731, title = {Factors associated with change in 4-H youth as a result of exposure to specific learning experiences}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1971}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Morris Cecil Mayfield} } @mastersthesis {8735, title = {Factors contributing most significantly to increasing enrollment and holding membership in the 1970 urban Lawton, Oklahoma pilot 4-H program for disadvantaged youth}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1971}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Merl Eldon Miller} } @mastersthesis {8725, title = {Factors related to 4-H membership status and selected characteristics of ninth grade girls in Blount County, Tennessee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1971}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ruby Nell Jeter} } @mastersthesis {8732, title = {Factors related to 4-H membership status of ninth and tenth grade boys in Greene County, Tennessee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1971}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Joseph Paul McClure} } @mastersthesis {8749, title = {Independent study and group presentation: A comparison of two methods of instruction for 4-H advisors}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1971}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Eileene James Welker} } @mastersthesis {8738, title = {Interpretations of the 4-H club program as expressed by third grade teachers in Leavenworth County schools}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1971}, school = {Kansas State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ralph Bert Rector} } @mastersthesis {8736, title = {Opinions of 4-H Club members, adult leaders, parents, and extension agents concerning the benefits of competitive activities in five northwest Arkansas counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1971}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jerry Ralph Moss} } @booklet {7018, title = {Program balance and inner city 4-H youth programs}, year = {1971}, author = {Edwin L. Kirby} } @mastersthesis {8737, title = {The relationship of 4-H club membership to academic achievement and leadership}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1971}, note = {

Field Report

}, school = {Drake University}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Audrey Pederson} } @mastersthesis {8720, title = {Relationship of self concept to life history dimensions}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1971}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mary Monica Steimel Duru} } @mastersthesis {8746, title = {The role of the Extension youth program aide in Washington State}, volume = {M.Ext.}, year = {1971}, note = {

Master of Extension degree

}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Elaine I-Ling Wang} } @mastersthesis {8722, title = {Role strain expressed by extension agents upon introduction of a new program: A case study in selected northeast states}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1971}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Daryl Keith Heasley} } @mastersthesis {8739, title = {Selected socio-psychological behavioral changes occurring in boys and girls involved in the Arkansas special 4-H project}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1971}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Lloyd L. Rutledge} } @mastersthesis {8724, title = {Some principles useful in the development of effective 4-H club work in the United States with their application to rural youth club work in Mysore State, India}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1971}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Karagada Muniswamap Jayaramaiah} } @mastersthesis {8742, title = {A study of 4-H camping in Green Hills Area}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1971}, note = {

Paper: Course No. 450

}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Thesis}, author = {James Robert Teegarden} } @mastersthesis {8744, title = {A study of community organization and project 4-H adult volunteer leader training needs in Virginia}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1971}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Richard L. Townsend} } @mastersthesis {8734, title = {A study of differences between teenagers who drop out and re-enroll in Wisconsin 4-H programs}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1971}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mary Kaye Merwin} } @booklet {6915, title = {A study of urban 4-H club programs: Sabbatical report of visits to thirty cities of the United States (mimeo)}, year = {1971}, author = {Joseph Carl Brownell} } @mastersthesis {8727, title = {Why they resign: In depth case studies of 4-H agent resignations from New York State Cooperative Extension}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1971}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Alfred Lasky} } @article {7375, title = {Youth agent{\textquoteright}s job: Critical components}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {9}, year = {1971}, month = {Summer 1971}, pages = {16-23}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1971summer/1971-2-a2.pdf}, author = {Loren Francis Goyen} } @article {7089, title = {4-H for central city minorities}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {8}, year = {1970}, pages = {11-16}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1970spring/1970-1-a2.pdf}, author = {Joseph C. Paige} } @mastersthesis {8693, title = {4-H lamb project blocking procedure}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1970}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Gino Farinelli} } @mastersthesis {8701, title = {4-H leader training and club performance}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1970}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Oliver C. Hill} } @mastersthesis {8716, title = {The association between agent visitation of parents and performance of first-year club members, West Carroll Parish, Louisiana, 1969}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1970}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Reatagae K. Wooden} } @mastersthesis {8707, title = {Attitudes of 4-H members who have attended a national 4-H citizenship shortcourse}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1970}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Dean Matthew King} } @mastersthesis {8691, title = {Characteristics of 4-H achievers and parental involvement}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1970}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Linda Arlene Crow} } @mastersthesis {8692, title = {A comparative analysis of the 4-H image as seen by high school students in ten northwest Georgia counties}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1970}, note = {

Paper: Course No. 921

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Tal C. DuVall} } @booklet {6964, title = {Educational impact of Arkansas special 4-H work}, year = {1970}, author = {Fred P. Frutchey} } @mastersthesis {8713, title = {Effects of previous training and interest activities on the level of job satisfaction expressed by country 4-H coordinators}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1970}, school = {University of Illinois}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carolyn Wenzel Travers} } @article {7772, title = {Evaluation of educational television in university Extension youth programming}, year = {1970}, month = {August 1970}, pages = {13 pp.}, author = {John F. Thompson} } @mastersthesis {8704, title = {An evaluation of the Missouri youth clothing literature}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1970}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Patricia A. Jarboe} } @booklet {7079, title = {An evaluation of the television series, Mulligan Stew}, year = {1970}, author = {Jeanne Nolan} } @mastersthesis {8714, title = {Factors associated with the effectiveness of nutrition education among economically disadvantaged youth, St. Landry Parish, Louisiana, 1970}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1970}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Katheleen F. Walker} } @mastersthesis {8688, title = {Factors influencing migration, occupational choice, and educational aspirations of rural youth}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1970}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John Robert Bourdette} } @mastersthesis {8698, title = {Factors related to 4-H membership status of ninth and tenth grade girls in Greene County, Tennessee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1970}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Shirley Kay Hamilton} } @mastersthesis {8702, title = {Factors related to membership of youth in 4-H clubs in southwest Iowa}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1970}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Paul Dean Hopp} } @mastersthesis {8699, title = {First year campers{\textquoteright} attitude toward West Virginia 4-H camps and its relationship to the educational objectives of the 4-H camping program}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1970}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Richard Stephen Hartley} } @article {7837, title = {Getting volunteer leaders on the job in 4-H-like nutrition programs for low-income youth in urban areas of Louisiana}, year = {1970}, month = {1971}, publisher = {Cooperative Extension Service}, address = {Baton Rouge}, author = {Verma Satish and J. H. Jones} } @mastersthesis {8706, title = {History of 4-H club work in home economics, Ramsey County, North Dakota, 1928-1968}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1970}, school = {North Dakota State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lois Hefti Jones} } @mastersthesis {8696, title = {Intereses vocacionales de un grupo desocios de los clubes agricolas juveniles 4-S de Guatemala (Vocational interests of a 4-S agricultural youth club in Guatemala)}, volume = {Licensure}, year = {1970}, note = {

License cited as: Licenciado

}, school = {Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Hortensia Gaitan de Anleu} } @mastersthesis {8705, title = {Leader attitudes of area organization}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1970}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Duane P. Johnson} } @mastersthesis {8703, title = {Life history as a predictor of leadership}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1970}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lyndon Jesse Howlett} } @conference {7913, title = {Look at 4-H - Youth curriculum development}, booktitle = {Southern Agricultural Workers Association}, year = {1970}, note = {

Paper to 4-H and Other Youth Section, Southern Agricultural Workers Association

}, abstract = {

Main points:
1. Youth need to be studied as learner
2. The social setting and culture of youth need to be realized
4. Contemporary life needs to be analyzed as a source of educational 4-H objectives
5. the recommendation of specilists need to be studied as a source of educational objectives
6. more than one approaisal
7. Formulate criteria or standards to provide some indication
of effectiveness.

}, author = {Emily H. Quinn} } @mastersthesis {8689, title = {Perceived benefits from judging}, volume = {M.Ext.}, year = {1970}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Niles Faulkner Brown} } @mastersthesis {8712, title = {A program plan for youth of the northeast Missouri extension area}, volume = {M.Ext.}, year = {1970}, note = {

Master of Extension degree

}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Roark Rickett} } @mastersthesis {8715, title = {Proper dairy management practices (to be used in 4-H and FFA)}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1970}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Kit Weinrichter} } @article {7821, title = {Recruiting 4-H leaders: What studies tell us about recruiting}, year = {1970}, publisher = {U.S. Government Printing Office}, address = {Washington, DC}, author = {R. Banning} } @booklet {6919, title = {Recruiting low-income volunteers for 4-H youth programs: a bibliography}, year = {1970}, author = {Anne E. Camasso and Anne L. Heinsohn and Robert E. Lewis} } @article {7818, title = {Relationships between 4-H enrollment and selected characteristics of Tennessee{\textquoteright}s County 4-H programs}, year = {1970}, note = {

Master of Science, Agriculture and Extension Education. Submitted by Cecil E. Carter, Jr., Robert S Dotson, and Franklin O. Leuthold. Accepted by Dixie L. Thompson.

}, month = {February 1969}, pages = {128 pp.}, url = {https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/3534/}, author = {Syed Zubair Ahmad and Cecil E. Carter Jr.} } @mastersthesis {8710, title = {The role of the subprofessional in the Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1970}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Gerald R. Olson} } @mastersthesis {8708, title = {Senior 4-H camp programs and procedures as perceived by older 4-H club members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1970}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Joseph Craig McClanahan} } @mastersthesis {8694, title = {Socialization of youth: Role of the 4-H professional}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1970}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John Robert Freebern} } @mastersthesis {8711, title = {Some factors influencing the length of tenure of county extension agents, 4-H in Ohio}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1970}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Rodney Allen Petteys} } @mastersthesis {8690, title = {Some factors related to occupational aspirations of senior 4-H club members in Hinds County, Mississippi}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1970}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John Franklin Carter} } @mastersthesis {8695, title = {South Dakota 4-H members{\textquoteright} and leaders{\textquoteright} use of two types of 4-H manuals}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1970}, school = {South Dakota State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Barbara Kaye Froke} } @article {7795, title = {State 4-H foundations: Summary of survey conducted by National 4-H club Foundation in Cooperation with ES-USDA, 1970}, year = {1970}, pages = {13 pp.}, author = {USDA} } @booklet {6933, title = {A study of boy/girl ratio in 4-H in seven western states}, year = {1970}, note = {Under auspices of Western states 4-H study committee; described as a report}, month = {February 1970}, pages = {74 pp.}, abstract = {Oregon, Washington, Montana, Wyooming, Colorado, Utah and Arizona participated in the study conducted during a sabbatical leave.}, author = {Robert F. Davis} } @mastersthesis {8697, title = {A study of selected adult performances of former 4-H club members and non-members from ten Wisconsin rural communities}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1970}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Mohamed Habeebuddin Ghatala} } @article {7849, title = {A study of the association between selected factors of county 4-H Extension programs and senior enrollment in Tennessee}, year = {1970}, author = {Billy Joseph Reed and Cecil E. Carter Jr.} } @mastersthesis {8709, title = {A study of Wyoming{\textquoteright}s youth organizations: Membership, recreational activities and facilities}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1970}, school = {University of Wyoming}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ruth Ellen Moe} } @mastersthesis {8700, title = {A study to determine why Missouri Extension youth agents resign or change to another position within the extension division}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1970}, note = {

Paper

}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Dan Henderson} } @mastersthesis {8652, title = {4-H lamb project manual}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Robert Buckmaster} } @article {7711, title = {4-H leads in Fannin County: Summary of an informal experimental project in 4-H, 1966-1968}, year = {1969}, note = {Bulletin with frame model}, pages = {8 pp.}, author = {E. Niederfrank and B. Nelson and F. Lynch} } @booklet {7029, title = {4-H project leader roles: perception of extension agents and volunteer leaders in fourteen Tennessee counties}, year = {1969}, author = {Hubert E. Lambert and Cecil E. Carter Jr.} } @mastersthesis {8665, title = {4-H project leader roles: Perceptions of extension agents and volunteer leaders in fourteen Tennessee counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, note = {

JOE Abstract - Spring 1971, 41

}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Hubert E. Lambert} } @mastersthesis {8664, title = {Algunos factores que influyen en el funcionamiento de los clubs 4-H en Puerto Rico en el ano 1968 (Some factors that influence the performance of Puerto Rican 4-H clubs in 1968)}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {University of Puerto Rico}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Rosita Laguillo de Rosado} } @mastersthesis {8682, title = {An analysis of 4-H club meetings: Its findings and implications}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1969}, note = {

JOE Abstract - Jan/Feb, 32.

}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Parkside}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Simon W. Tai} } @mastersthesis {8687, title = {An analysis of certain needs and interests of 4-H club members ages 14-19 as a basis for program planning}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Hattie Powell West} } @mastersthesis {8654, title = {An analysis of the results of junior 4-H leader training in certain Northwest Georgia Extension district counties}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1969}, note = {

Paper: Course No. 921

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Thesis}, author = {G. Melvin Davis} } @mastersthesis {8659, title = {An analytical look at 4-H camping in the United States}, volume = {R.Ed.}, year = {1969}, note = {

Recreation Education degree

}, school = {Indiana University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {John Henry Heller} } @mastersthesis {8674, title = {An appraisal of senior 4-H members{\textquoteright} learning experiences in community 4-H clubs of Virginia{\textquoteright}s West Central Extension District}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kenneth Scott Neel} } @booklet {7077, title = {Attitudes of county leaders toward expanding youth programs in Extension}, howpublished = {Minnesota Expansion Study}, year = {1969}, author = {Howard Joseph Newell and Charles E. Ramsey and Duane A. Wilson} } @mastersthesis {8648, title = {Changes in knowledge and attitudes toward leadership by 4-H members attending a leadership training conference}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Donald Dean Baker} } @mastersthesis {8668, title = {Characteristics of low and high project leader task performance and task qualified groups in selected Tennessee counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/7844948}, author = {Anna Bernice Lucas} } @article {7445, title = {Characteristics of low and high project leader task performance and task qualified groups in selected Tennessee counties.}, volume = {7}, year = {1969}, pages = {243-4}, institution = {University of Tennessee}, address = {Knoxville, TN}, url = {https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED038564.pdf}, author = {Anna Bernice Lucas and Cecil E. Carter Jr.} } @mastersthesis {8672, title = {A comparison of senior 4-H club members enrolled and not enrolled in the junior leadership project, Ascension Parish, 1966-67}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Norma Gayle Morgan} } @article {7919, title = {County 4-H programme review}, year = {1969}, note = {

Author was from England studying 4-H program practices

}, author = {Constance Sanders} } @mastersthesis {8680, title = {Design for a national rural youth development center in Argentina}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Enrique Rossi} } @mastersthesis {8655, title = {The development of a market potential and a sales potential among 4-H club members to determine the feasibility of starting a loft of exhibition Modena pigeons in the Kern County area}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Richard Edward Fanucchi} } @mastersthesis {8677, title = {Developmental tasks of youth behavior}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1969}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {William Robert Pedersen} } @mastersthesis {8657, title = {Effects of voluntary exposure to 4-H programs through television}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carl Kurtis Godard} } @mastersthesis {8684, title = {Estudio sobre algunos factores que influyen en la movilidad y retencion de los socios 4-H de Puerto Rico (Study on some factors that influence mobility and retention of Puerto Rican 4-H members)}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {University of Puerto Rico}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Efrain Torres-Velez} } @article {7865, title = {Extension uses of the expanded national 4-H center}, year = {1969}, note = {

verify

}, pages = {7 pp. and appendix}, author = {Ad Hoc Committee} } @mastersthesis {8660, title = {The extent and use and adequacy of the 4-H club related art and crafts project guides of the Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Phyllis Jean Inman} } @mastersthesis {8663, title = {A history of the Illinois home economics program of the Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1969}, school = {University of Chicago}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

A historical revue of the family and consumer sciences specialists, county and 4-H educators related to their impact on the family (and the 4-H program).

}, author = {Gertrude E. Kaiser} } @mastersthesis {8666, title = {Homegrounds improvement practices of selected homeowners and renters in Polk County, Tennessee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {William Donald Ledford} } @mastersthesis {8683, title = {IFYE Alumni: The conception and performance of roles promoting international understanding}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1969}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Richard Wesley Tenney} } @mastersthesis {8671, title = {Influence of 4-H training on the development of food and nutrition concepts with selected 4-H members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lou Ann Steffensen Mikes} } @mastersthesis {8649, title = {Involvement and training of volunteer 4-H leaders in Delaware}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {University of Delaware}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {James Oliver Baker} } @mastersthesis {8685, title = {The life history as a predictor of leadership}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Eighty-three boys and 157 girls from five states who participated in the Citizenship Short Course conducted by the National 4-H Foundation in July 1969. Study determined significant correlations in life history instrument believed to have potential use in programming, leader selection, training and identification.

}, author = {Sylvester C. Umscheid} } @mastersthesis {8650, title = {Opiniones de los ex-socios 4-H sobre la efectividad de la organizacion en el distrito de San Sebastian, 1946-55 (Opinions of former 4-H members on the San Sebastian District, 1946-55)}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {University of Puerto Rico}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Juan B. Ballester} } @mastersthesis {8681, title = {Perceptions of 4-H club work held by farm and nonfarm parents}, volume = {M.Ag.Ed.}, year = {1969}, note = {

Master of Agriculture Education degree

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John David Ruoff} } @article {7231, title = {The personality of 4-H leaders}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {7}, year = {1969}, month = {Summer 1969}, pages = {104-114}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1969summer/1969-2-a5.pdf}, author = {Frank Dewitt Alexander} } @mastersthesis {8686, title = {Programmed learning: An educational tool for 4-H}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1969}, note = {
  1. Master of Education degree
  2. Alternate title: Programmed learning games applied to the 4-H food-nutrition project
}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carol C. Watkins} } @mastersthesis {8673, title = {A proposed project guide for 4-H junior leadership project for Niagara County}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1969}, school = {Niagara University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John J. Mulcahy} } @mastersthesis {8647, title = {Relations between 4-H enrollment and selected characteristics of Tennessee{\textquoteright}s County 4-H extension programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Syed Zubair Ahmad} } @article {7823, title = {Relations between junior 4-H enrollment and selected characteristics of Tennessee{\textquoteright}s county 4-H extension programs}, year = {1969}, note = {

ERIC Document ED 038 565

}, url = {https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED038565.pdf}, author = {Sho-hong Chu and Cecil E. Carter Jr.} } @mastersthesis {8653, title = {Relations between junior 4-H enrollment and selected characteristics of Tennessee{\textquoteright}s county 4-H extension program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/3534/}, author = {Shao-hong Chu} } @mastersthesis {8651, title = {Revision of the current 4-H clothing project leader{\textquoteright}s guide}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Margorie Barnett} } @mastersthesis {8656, title = {Roles of 4-H junior leaders in selected Tennessee counties: Perceptions and performance}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Polly Fussell} } @mastersthesis {8662, title = {Satisfaction and dissatisfaction of selected North Carolina 4-H members}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1969}, note = {

Master of Education degree

4-H Impact Study Abstract

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Maryann Cleo Jones} } @article {7924, title = {A study of 4-H club meetings: Its implications for youth programs}, year = {1969}, note = {

summary of thesis

}, pages = {8 pp.}, author = {Simon W. Tai} } @mastersthesis {8679, title = {A study of 4-H literature as a basis for expanding the urban 4-H program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {University of Wyoming}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Donald K. Rolston} } @mastersthesis {8670, title = {A study of factors associated with the motivation of community participants to assume volunteer leadership positions in an urban 4-H program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Joseph Peter Matejka} } @article {7637, title = {A study of the 4-H organizational leadership development process in Cannon, Knox, McMinn, Sullivan and Pickett counties, Tennessee}, year = {1969}, note = {

ED 070 959. Agricultural Extension 5120. Cecil Carter, Instructor

}, url = {https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED070959.pdf}, author = {Lyle A. Donaldson and Jessie E. Francis and Marifloyd Hamil and Alma K. Johnson and Helen Stocking and Clyde N. Taylor and William Albert Warren} } @mastersthesis {8669, title = {A study of the 4-H youth dropout problem in twelve counties in West Virginia}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Barbara Lou Malone} } @mastersthesis {8678, title = {A study of the association between selected factors of county 4-H extension programs and senior 4-H enrollment in Tennessee counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Billy Joseph Reed} } @mastersthesis {8667, title = {A study of the Georgia district agents and state 4-H staffs{\textquoteright} role expectations for extension agents and volunteer 4-H leaders}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1969}, note = {

4-H Impact Study Abstract

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Rhonwyn Lowry} } @mastersthesis {8658, title = {A study of the reenrollment of girls who enrolled in the 4-H club program in Davis County in 1963}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {University of Utah}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Dorothy Kirk Hansen} } @article {7661, title = {A study to determine why Missouri Extension youth agents resign or change positions within the Extension division}, year = {1969}, note = {

Presented to the Department of Extension Education, University of Missouri, Columbia; In fulfillment of requirements for a special problem Extension Education 400

}, month = {April 1970}, pages = {50 pp.}, url = {https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED039497.pdf}, author = {Don Henderson} } @book {9992, title = {A touch of charisma: a history of the 4-H Club program in West Virginia}, year = {1969}, pages = {190}, publisher = {West Virginia University Extension Service}, organization = {West Virginia University Extension Service}, address = {Morgantown? W. Va.}, keywords = {4-H clubs, Kendrick, William Henry}, url = {https://worldcat.org/en/title/49822}, author = {Stewart, Guy Harry} } @article {8676, title = {What are leaders really like? A study of adult 4-H volunteer leaders: Biographical Profile}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1969}, note = {

61p.; Term paper for the course Special Problems in Rural Education, Univ. of Maryland

}, institution = {University of Maryland}, type = {class paper}, url = {https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED051468}, author = {David E. Pace} } @article {8675, title = {A year in Washington, DC: The National 4-H Fellowship}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1969}, note = {

Paper: Special Problem RLED.198

Unable to verify.

}, institution = {University of Maryland}, author = {David E. Pace} } @article {8661, title = {Youth development program expansion: A study of the use of para-professionals in youth program expansion and development from middle class areas and critical areas of St. Louis, Missouri}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1969}, note = {

Special Program Report.

}, institution = {University of Missouri}, url = {https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED064611}, author = {Isabel A. Jones} } @article {7710, title = {Youth{\textquoteright}s ideas for better 4-H programs in the 1970s: Some highlights of delegate discussions: 1968 and 1969 National 4-H Conferences}, year = {1969}, month = {August 1969}, pages = {8 pp.}, author = {National 4-H Conference Youth} } @mastersthesis {8639, title = {4-H club enrollment in Forsyth County: Patterns, potentials, problems, recommendations}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1968}, note = {

Paper: Course No. 921

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Walter Harrison Rucker} } @mastersthesis {8642, title = {A 4-H TV action series: A study of the response of urban children to emergency preparedness information via ETV}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1968}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Donald William Swoboda} } @mastersthesis {8634, title = {Administrative consensus on expansion of the youth program of the Agricultural Extension Service}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1968}, school = {University of Minnesota}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Howard Joseph Newell} } @mastersthesis {8636, title = {Adult volunteer 4-H leaders and the 4-H club program in Columbia County, New York, 1960 and 1967}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1968}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Rhoda Mae Peck} } @mastersthesis {8615, title = {American youth organizations: An etiological approach}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1968}, school = {University of Minnesota}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Judith Bowen Erickson} } @mastersthesis {8645, title = {An analysis of 4-H member evaluation in Ohio}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1968}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Allen L. Ulrich} } @mastersthesis {8638, title = {An analysis of attitudes, needs and interests of high school 4-H club members by residence, Caddo Parish, Louisiana, 1968}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1968}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Norma O. Roberts} } @mastersthesis {8609, title = {An analysis of selected clothing practices of teenage 4-H girls of Concordia Parish, Louisiana, 1967}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1968}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Glenda Willett Byargeon} } @mastersthesis {8606, title = {An assessment of the 4-H TV Action Club program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1968}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sidney R. Bjorkman} } @mastersthesis {8623, title = {Attitudes held toward employing paid 4-H extension aides in the New Jersey Extension Service}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1968}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Donald Alton Harter} } @mastersthesis {8612, title = {Attitudes of Texas 4-H Club members toward the agricultural industry}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1968}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Marshall Edgar Crouch} } @mastersthesis {8625, title = {Attitudes toward competition in the 4-H program in Carroll County, Ohio}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1968}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This survey taken in Carrol County, Ohio measures the 4-H member\&$\#$39;s, parent\&$\#$39;s and advisor\&$\#$39;s attitudes toward competition in 4-H. Two hundred and eleven 4-H members, 116 parents, and 32 advisors completed and returned the questionnaire. The major findings were: 1) that girls were more competitive than boys, 2) that learning a skill and having fun were important reasons to join, 3) members liked project work and activities the most, and 4) age and ability was considered more in important in competitive activities. Other conclusions were made for parental and advisor\&$\#$39;s attitudes.

}, author = {George Wayne Hothem} } @mastersthesis {8610, title = {Characteristics and attitudes of 4-H leaders compared to non-leader fathers of children in 4-H}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1968}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Wing You Chong} } @mastersthesis {8618, title = {The characteristics of adults who say they will serve as volunteer leaders}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1968}, note = {

Paper

}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Thesis}, author = {James O. Freeman} } @mastersthesis {8644, title = {Citizenship education in Michigan 4-H youth programs: Final report}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1968}, note = {

Paper: Ext. Ed. 801 Course

}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Thesis}, abstract = {

A project involving further development of the Citizenship Education (Passport to Understanding) program for 4-H youth programs in Michigan

}, author = {Melvin J. Thompson} } @mastersthesis {8627, title = {A comparison of senior 4-H club members enrolled and not enrolled in the junior leadership project, Assumption Parish, 1968}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1968}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Betty Jean Lyckberg} } @mastersthesis {8622, title = {Critical components of the work environment of county extension youth agents}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1968}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Loren Francis Goyen} } @mastersthesis {8611, title = {A descriptive study of some factors effecting 4-H enrollment patterns in Habersham County, Georgia}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1968}, note = {

Paper: Course No. 921

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Thesis}, author = {B. Jean Cogburn} } @mastersthesis {8602, title = {An empirical research study of 4-H camping in Southeast Missouri}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1968}, note = {

Paper

}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Lester O. Akers} } @mastersthesis {8632, title = {Evaluation of the 4-H personality improvement program by county extension personnel and 4-H members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1968}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mary Sue McBroom} } @booklet {6893, title = {An evaluation of the use of the 4-H game, "Let{\textquoteright}s Eat"}, year = {1968}, author = {Frank Dewitt Alexander} } @mastersthesis {8604, title = {Factors influencing the occupational and educational plans and pursuits of Nebraska farm boys}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1968}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Donavon E. Benson} } @mastersthesis {8620, title = {A guideline helping to establish a goat project for Future Farmer and 4-H members}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1968}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Ronald Furtado} } @mastersthesis {8607, title = {The importance of selected factors for careers in agriculture}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1968}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {T. R. Bogle} } @booklet {7213, title = {Informal educational programming for disadvantaged youth: Arkansas Special Youth Project}, year = {1968}, note = {

Pilot project and reference materials saved in notebooks in Box 23. Includes 4-H materials.

}, pages = {71 pp.}, author = {U. G. Word Jr.} } @booklet {6996, title = {Innovative 4-H programs, projects and activities: Western states}, howpublished = {Case Study Report ER\&E-42 -1968}, year = {1968}, pages = {16 pp.}, author = {George Ellsworth Hull} } @mastersthesis {8619, title = {Interest of adults in voluntary leadership in 4-H club programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1968}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {R. J. Freeman} } @mastersthesis {8603, title = {Interests and attitudes of 4-H members}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1968}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Charles Ivan Archer} } @booklet {6997, title = {Kind and extent of use made of the six phases of the Western States 4-H studies program. Report of a regional study}, year = {1968}, note = {ER \& E 42 (8-1968)}, pages = {15 pp.}, author = {George Ellsworth Hull} } @booklet {7212, title = {Leadership for reaching the unreached: Arkansas special youth project: A study to reach more disadvantaged youth through an expanded 4-H program}, howpublished = {MP-102, Program Role Analysis}, year = {1968}, pages = {25 pp.}, author = {U. G. Word Jr. and others} } @mastersthesis {8629, title = {Member and leader perceptions of 4-H awards in Jasper and Newton Counties}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1968}, note = {
  1. Special Report $\#$17; Special Problem No. 191
  2. Located in National Archives
}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Freddie G. Mailes} } @mastersthesis {8631, title = {Nomination and election procedures and make-up of the 1967 county University of Missouri Extension councils}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1968}, note = {

Paper

}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Thesis}, author = {John E. Martin} } @mastersthesis {8643, title = {Participation during meetings of 4-H clubs in four Washington counties}, volume = {M.Ext.}, year = {1968}, note = {
  1. Master of Extension Degree
  2. Also published as \"A study of 4-H club meetings: Its implications for youth programs (in 4 Washington Counties), University of Wisconsin - Parkside, 1969.
}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Simon W. Tai} } @booklet {7188, title = {A People and a Spirit: Report of the Joint USDA-NASULGC Study Committee on the Cooperative Extension Service}, year = {1968}, author = {USDA} } @mastersthesis {8633, title = {Reenrollment of first year 4-H members in Butler County}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1968}, note = {

Paper

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Charles Moore} } @mastersthesis {8613, title = {The relationship between 4-H division leaders{\textquoteright} propensity toward delegation and involvement in and major responsibility for leader identification and selection}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1968}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mary Elizabeth Dunbar} } @mastersthesis {8637, title = {The relationship of adult 4-H organizational leader continuance and selected personal, organizational and social participation factors}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1968}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Dalton Ray Proctor} } @booklet {7073, title = {Report on development and evaluation of a self-study course for adult 4-H leaders}, howpublished = {MLCM 83/1582}, year = {1968}, author = {Charles O. Neidt} } @mastersthesis {8624, title = {The role of the male extension agent, 4-H in Virginia as perceived by extension agents, 4-H and extension agents, agriculture}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1968}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Drury Jackson Holland} } @mastersthesis {8605, title = {Room decoration in 4-H}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1968}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Jeanette Frances Beshears} } @mastersthesis {8617, title = {Satisfaction of four developmental needs of youth in relation to 4-H club work}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1968}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ralph Fisher} } @mastersthesis {8621, title = {Selected eating habits and factors influencing food choices of 4-H club members in Williamson County, Tennessee, 1968}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1968}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Virginia Ruth Geary} } @mastersthesis {8646, title = {A seventeen-year study of the relationship of 4-H club work to the interests of rural youth and their selected performances as adults}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1968}, note = {

4-H Impact Study Abstract

}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Tsong-Shien Wu} } @mastersthesis {8608, title = {Some factors associated with level of participation by senior 4-H club members in Ouachita Parish, 1968}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1968}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Henry Bonner (Jr. )} } @mastersthesis {8616, title = {A study concerned with developing useful criteria to consider in evaluating the 4-H phase of country programs in the Georgia Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1968}, note = {

Paper: Ag Ext. 921 Course

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Marian Stovall Fisher} } @mastersthesis {8640, title = {A study of county school superintendents{\textquoteright} perception of the 4-H program in West Virginia}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1968}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Beverly Annette Shipe} } @mastersthesis {8626, title = {A study of identified problems of teenage 4-H club members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1968}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Julia Ann Lockard} } @mastersthesis {8628, title = {A study of New York 4-H agents perception of the role of the sub-professional in the county 4-H program}, volume = {M.Ad.Ed.}, year = {1968}, note = {

Master of Adult Education degree

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Donald Stuart MacVean (Jr.)} } @mastersthesis {8641, title = {A study of the eating habits of 4-H club girls of Hancock County, Georgia}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1968}, note = {

Paper: Course No. 921

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Gladys Wilson Spight} } @mastersthesis {8630, title = {A study of the money management practices and habits of 4-H club girls in Etowah County}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1968}, school = {Auburn University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Celeste Hurley Martin} } @mastersthesis {8614, title = {A study to determine the expressed interests of 4-H youth in international programs in the United States}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1968}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Betty Mae Easter} } @mastersthesis {8635, title = {Teenage money management}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1968}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Bernice Palfreyman} } @article {7451, title = {4-H club literature study}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {9}, year = {1967}, note = {

Abstract in Research in Brief (D. Stormer) of the original Study: \ \"4-H club literature study\" by W.G. Marders, Berkley California, University of California, 1967

}, month = {Winter 1971}, pages = {56-57}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1971winter/1971-4-rb.pdf}, author = {William G. Marders} } @mastersthesis {8578, title = {The 4-H livestock project as related to Kansas youth}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1967}, school = {Kansas State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Rae C. Luginsland} } @mastersthesis {8564, title = {Acceptance and implementation of the 4-H project leader system by the Iowa County Extension staff}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Varlyn David Fink} } @mastersthesis {8599, title = {An analysis of Mississippi county 4-H agents{\textquoteright} perception of training needs and effectiveness of training methods}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Duane H. Tucker} } @mastersthesis {8569, title = {An analysis of the St. Francois County Extension youth committee by using stated program planning criteria}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Robert L. Heitmeyer} } @mastersthesis {8572, title = {Attitudes and role perceptions of Iowa 4-H project leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Clarence D. Johnson} } @mastersthesis {8587, title = {Behavior changes resulting from two leadership approaches to teaching clothing selection to older 4-H youths}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Virginia Pingel} } @mastersthesis {8560, title = {Characteristics of 4-H members attending camp from selected counties and their implications to planning camp programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Donovan A. Daentl} } @mastersthesis {8595, title = {Communication techniques used to reach the low and the high socio-economic urban teenager: An analysis of the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company sponsored National 4-H Automotive Program}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1967}, school = {American University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John Carl Sterling} } @mastersthesis {8562, title = {A comparative study of 4-H junior leaders, former 4-H members and non-4-H members in Marietta, Ohio, 1963}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {University of Maryland and USDA Graduate School}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Bobbie D. Davis} } @mastersthesis {8583, title = {A comparison of 4-H and non 4-H high school boys according to selected personal and social characteristics, Acadia Parish, 1967}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Clifford Paul Myers} } @mastersthesis {8568, title = {The development and testing of a program in career exploration for young people}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1967}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {P. Glenn Harr} } @mastersthesis {8588, title = {Differences in communication behaviors of authoritarian and democratic leaders}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1967}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {James F. Sargent} } @mastersthesis {8559, title = {The effectiveness of colored slides and script for teaching rural fallout protection to high school agricultural classes and 4-H clubs}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1967}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Harry A. Carey Jr.} } @mastersthesis {8579, title = {An evaluation of 4-H adult leaders and their training in seven central Indiana counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {Indiana University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Stanford Keith Miller} } @booklet {7071, title = {Evaluation of 4-H photography: A preliminary report of a national survey conducted in March and April 1967 with the cooperation and assistance of the Cooperative Extension service}, howpublished = {MLCM 83/510}, year = {1967}, author = {National 4-H Service Committee} } @booklet {6892, title = {Evaluation of 4-H veterinary science project in three counties of New York State}, year = {1967}, author = {Frank Dewitt Alexander} } @mastersthesis {8597, title = {Factors influencing members{\textquoteright} selection of 4-H projects, with special emphasis on poultry projects}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1967}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Kemp Lee Swiney} } @mastersthesis {8565, title = {Factors relating to the educational attainment of Menominee youth}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Cathaleen Finley} } @booklet {6909, title = {How to improve 4-H enrollment and re-enrollment based on 4-H studies}, howpublished = {July 1967, VI-36, revised, 17 pp.}, year = {1967}, month = {VI-36, revised}, pages = {17 pp.}, author = {Marie M. Bishop and Gerald Artis Lineweaver and R. Lawrence} } @mastersthesis {8598, title = {The influence of the International Farm Youth Exchange (IFYE) experience on the educational achievement and occupational choice of the U.S. delegates}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1967}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Richard Wesley Tenney} } @mastersthesis {8580, title = {Leader behavior and its relationship to innovativeness of county extension agent chairmen}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1967}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Ratan C. Mohta} } @mastersthesis {8575, title = {A longitudinal study of volunteer 4-H leader tenure in Maryland 1961-65}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mariellen Jones} } @mastersthesis {8574, title = {The multi-county staff position for extension youth programs in North Dakota}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Myron Dale Johnsrud} } @mastersthesis {8563, title = {Opinions of extension personnel doing 4-H club work in Puerto Rico on some selected aspects of 4-H club work}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {University of Puerto Rico}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Nylda Diaz de Ortiz} } @mastersthesis {8596, title = {Opinions of present and former 4-H members regarding the educational value of selected 4-H activities and events}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sommai Surakul} } @mastersthesis {8556, title = {Organiaciones juveniles rurales en Nicaragua-Spanish (Rural youth organizations in Nicaragua)}, volume = {[Licensure]}, year = {1967}, note = {

License cited as: Licenciado

}, school = {Universidad Nacional de Nicaragua}, type = {Thesis}, author = {C. Miguel Angel Aviles} } @mastersthesis {8571, title = {Organized precollege home economics oriented experiences -- History, philosophy, and content; influence and usefulness according to University of Idaho home economics majors}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {University of Idaho}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Bonnie McKay Johnson} } @mastersthesis {8557, title = {Personal and social development of 4-H club members in Maryland}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Walter Carroll Bay} } @mastersthesis {8593, title = {Reasons for participation in women and youth groups in two development areas in Thailand}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ruangurai Srinilta} } @mastersthesis {8558, title = {Recreation: A tool for involving people in Extension work in Hall County, Georgia}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1967}, note = {

Paper

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Thesis}, author = {O. L. Butler} } @mastersthesis {8576, title = {Relations among formal organizations: A study of collaborative relation among formal voluntary organizations in Central New York rural community}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1967}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {S. M. Leadley} } @mastersthesis {8589, title = {Relationship of 4-H award winning to selected personal and family characteristics of 4-H members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Donald G. Schink} } @mastersthesis {8601, title = {The relationship of personal and social characteristics to leadership positions held by 4-H members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Marilyn Shirley Zeigler} } @mastersthesis {8585, title = {The relationship of selected factors to North Carolina 4-H agents{\textquoteright} utilization of identification and selection processes in developing adult 4-H club leadership}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Donald Carroll Parker} } @mastersthesis {8566, title = {The role of the area 4-H program leader in the Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service as perceived by the extension agents 4-H and the area 4-H program leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jack Moore Friar} } @mastersthesis {8570, title = {Roles, attitudes and desired characteristics of 4-H organization leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Roger Hiemstra} } @mastersthesis {8567, title = {Saddle horse and other livestock advisors{\textquoteright} perceptions of 4-H club work in Ohio}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Robert Harry Groves} } @mastersthesis {8561, title = {Some factors affecting knowledge retention of first year 4-H clothing members in Allen Parish, LA 1965-66}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1967}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Patricia M. Davidson} } @mastersthesis {8586, title = {Some factors relating to level of sewing knowledge of 4-H clothing project members, Lafourche Parish, Louisiana, 1967}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jean Hebert Picou} } @mastersthesis {8577, title = {A study of cooperative extension agents{\textquoteright} perception of extension{\textquoteright}s role in providing educational experiences for rural non college bound youth and young adults, ages 16-24 in northern district, New York State}, volume = {M.Ad.Ed.}, year = {1967}, note = {

Master of Adult Education degree

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Albert Reynolds Lounsbury} } @mastersthesis {8581, title = {A study of North Carolina 4-H Extension agents{\textquoteright} perception of difficulty encountered in performing their role in the community 4-H club program}, volume = {M.Ad.Ed.}, year = {1967}, note = {

Master of Adult Education degree

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Pauline Elizabeth Moore} } @mastersthesis {8592, title = {A study of North Carolina 4-H Extension agents{\textquoteright} perception of their role in the 4-H community club program}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1967}, note = {

Master of Education degree

4-H Impact Study Abstract

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Wayne Paysour Smith} } @mastersthesis {8582, title = {A study of some factors that affect the tenure of 4-H club membership in Barrow County, Georgia}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1967}, note = {

Paper: Ag Ext. 921 Course

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Billy Myers} } @mastersthesis {8591, title = {A study of the factors related to acceptance of 4-H leadership roles by 4-H parents in three Kansas counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, note = {

Also cited as 1968

}, school = {Kansas State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jimmie W. Smith} } @mastersthesis {8590, title = {A study of the training needs of 4-H local leaders in three selected counties in Maryland}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Richard C. Schukraft} } @mastersthesis {8584, title = {The study of the use of 4-H project materials as a means of providing training for 4-H leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Patchanee Natpracha} } @mastersthesis {8594, title = {A study to ascertain the leadership styles of selected Maryland 4-H volunteer lay local leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Patricia Messer Stabler} } @mastersthesis {8555, title = {Style of adult leadership and personal characteristics desired in an adult leader by low socio-economic status youth}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1967}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {J. W Apps} } @mastersthesis {8600, title = {Teaching 4-H project work through television}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1967}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Robert A. Woolman} } @mastersthesis {8573, title = {Training needs of 4-H volunteer adult leaders in Mississippi as identified by the leaders themselves}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1967}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jimmy Phillip Johnson} } @booklet {7159, title = {Two approaches to teaching clothing selection to older 4-H youth}, year = {1967}, author = {Sara M. Steele} } @booklet {7160, title = {Using 4-H home furnishing literature}, year = {1967}, author = {Sara M. Steele} } @mastersthesis {8529, title = {An analysis of a training program for Washington{\textquoteright}s new 4-H leaders}, volume = {M.Ext.}, year = {1966}, note = {
  1. Master of Extension degree
  2. JOE Abstract, ??, 62
}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {James E. Havens} } @mastersthesis {8540, title = {An analysis of the citizenship short course programs conducted by the National 4-H Club Foundation, 1962}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1966}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Edward Howes Merritt} } @mastersthesis {8532, title = {An analysis of voluntary leaders{\textquoteright} perception of the structure and function of the Cooperative Extension Service, Montgomery County, Alabama, 1996}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1966}, note = {
  1. Master of Education degree
  2. 4-H Impact Study Abstract
}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {R. F. Jones} } @conference {7910, title = {Basic concepts from the social sciences for youth work}, booktitle = {Association of Southern Agricultural Workers Conference}, year = {1966}, pages = {February 8, 1966}, publisher = {Association of Southern Agricultural Workers}, organization = {Association of Southern Agricultural Workers}, author = {Lynn Louis Pesson} } @mastersthesis {8549, title = {Clothing behavior related to clothing leadership and participation for selected groups of 4-H club girls}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1966}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kathryn Ruth Treat} } @mastersthesis {8545, title = {A comparative analysis of the effect of special graduate study on selected extension agents responsible for 4-H club work in Virginia}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1966}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John Buford Shryock} } @booklet {6923, title = {A comparative study of school and community types of 4-H clubs in Kentucky}, year = {1966}, author = {Paul R. Claiborne and Robert L. Johnson} } @mastersthesis {8519, title = {A comparative study of school and community types of 4-H clubs in Kentucky}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1966}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Paul Roy Claiborne} } @mastersthesis {8534, title = {A comparison of 4-H and non-4-H high school boys according to selected personal and social characteristics, Avoyelles Parish, 1966}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1966}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Stanley Lamendola (Jr. )} } @mastersthesis {8548, title = {A comparison of teaching methods of animal science to older 4-H club boys and girls}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1966}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {William Dean Strom} } @mastersthesis {8526, title = {A comparison of the effectiveness of bulletin, film and lecture, with and without discussion, in presenting research findings}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1966}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Merle L. Eyestone} } @mastersthesis {8513, title = {Creating an environmental awareness in 4-H conservation projects - a 4-H ecology project}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1966}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Massachusetts}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Charles F. Blanchard} } @mastersthesis {8538, title = {Educational changes in behavior of 4-H members participating in the 1966 state 4-H health camp}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1966}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Thomas Kay McCormick} } @mastersthesis {8531, title = {Estudio de lideres adultos voluntarios 4-H del Distrito de San Sebastian (Study of adult 4-H voluntary leaders in San Sebastian District)}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1966}, school = {University of Puerto Rico}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Haydee Jirau de Gonzalez} } @mastersthesis {8515, title = {An evaluation of animal science project materials for 4-H club members and leaders in California}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1966}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Donald Loyal Brittsan} } @mastersthesis {8510, title = {An evaluation of selected aspects of the 4-H club program by urban parents in four Ohio counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1966}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John Robert Aylsworth} } @mastersthesis {8554, title = {Evaluation of the contribution to youth during the adolescent period by 4-H in Henry County, Missouri}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1966}, note = {

Course No. 400 Paper

}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Gerald Zumbrunnen} } @mastersthesis {8536, title = {An exploration of home lighting as a 4-H project using programmed learning as a teaching technique}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1966}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Fern Gosser Luttrell} } @mastersthesis {8530, title = {An exploratory study of a comparison of expressed acceptance of self and others between 4-H members involved in two types of project evaluation}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1966}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Thelma Howard} } @booklet {6945, title = {Extending 4-H to youth in urban low-income families: A study to determine the need for a 4-H club program in the Riverview Housing Development, Springfield, Massachusetts}, year = {1966}, author = {Dennis E. Elgrim} } @mastersthesis {8542, title = {Factors associated with membership or non-membership in 4-H club work among high school girls, Assumption Parish, 1966}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1966}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Rose Marie Pearce} } @mastersthesis {8544, title = {Factors associated with the knowledge and assistance of parents of junior 4-H members in Claiborne Parish}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1966}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Marvin Jeffrey Shirley} } @mastersthesis {8547, title = {Factors related to 4-H club participation by higher and lower socio-economic status youth in Adams County, Wisconsin}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1966}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Maurice J. Spencer} } @mastersthesis {8541, title = {Interests in club related activities of differential socio-economic level youth of Adams County, Wisconsin}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1966}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {George Wendell Mountjoy} } @mastersthesis {8553, title = {International recipe: Party planning unit for the advanced 4-H food project, "Fun and fare with a foreign flair"}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1966}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Lorelyn Youngclas} } @mastersthesis {8512, title = {Interview indication of 4-H leadership possibilities of women in Murphysboro Bridgewood Housing Community}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1966}, school = {Southern Illinois University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mildred Benz} } @mastersthesis {8524, title = {Kansas school superintendents{\textquoteright} perceptions of the 4-H club program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1966}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Don Esslinger} } @mastersthesis {8514, title = {Livestock judging manual for 4-H and FFA}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1966}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Ed Boteiho} } @mastersthesis {8543, title = {Officer and junior leader involvement and success of the 4-H program}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1966}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ronald Dean Seath} } @mastersthesis {8537, title = {Opiniones de las socias 4-H sobre la efectividad de la organizacion en el area de Salinas-Santa Isabel, 1948-1958 (4-H members{\textquoteright} opinions on the organization{\textquoteright}s effectiveness in the Salinas-Santa Isabel area, 1948-1958)}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1966}, school = {University of Puerto Rico}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {June Martinez-Rodriguez} } @mastersthesis {8525, title = {Participation in voluntary organization by Wisconsin rural youth of differential socio-economic levels}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1966}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Norman Oscar Everson} } @mastersthesis {8509, title = {Personality characteristics of first-year 4-H club leaders in Maryland}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1966}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {James B. Arnold} } @mastersthesis {8527, title = {Professional youth workers{\textquoteright} perception of services the University of Wisconsin can provide youth organizations}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1966}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Alfred L. Finger} } @article {7902, title = {The relationship of social participation and successful performance of the community 4-H club leader}, year = {1966}, author = {Harry Miller} } @mastersthesis {8535, title = {The role of the area extension agent, 4-H as perceived by county 4-H advisory committee members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1966}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Charles William Lifer} } @mastersthesis {8517, title = {Self-other attitudes and 4-H awards}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1966}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Robert O. Butler} } @mastersthesis {8522, title = {Social adjustment of 4-H members in the Connecticut state award selection process}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1966}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Study explored the extent to which 4-H\&$\#$39;ers were selected for National 4-H events. Hypothesis from social role theory were tested using data from questionnaires returned by more than 92\% of 310 Connecticut 4-H members. Tests of significance were applied to sample data and descriptive statistics with non-sampled data.

}, author = {John T. Deberardinis} } @mastersthesis {8521, title = {Some factors related to the training of selected community 4-H club organizational leaders in North Carolina}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1966}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ada B. Dalla Pozza} } @mastersthesis {8520, title = {A study concerned with planning pertinent demonstrations for male 4-H club members in elementary schools of Hall County, Georgia, in an effort to lengthen the time factor of 4-H membership}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1966}, note = {

Paper: Course No. 921

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Walter Green Culverhouse (Jr.)} } @mastersthesis {8518, title = {A study of 4-H club leaders{\textquoteright} perception of their leadership responsibilities in Warren County, New York}, volume = {M.Ad.Ed.}, year = {1966}, note = {

Master of Adult Education, also in Research and Investigations in Adult Ed.

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Glenn David Chaplin} } @mastersthesis {8523, title = {A study of 4-H club size and methods of reorganizing to enroll more 4-H club members}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1966}, school = {University of California, Boulder}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John A. Emo} } @mastersthesis {8528, title = {A study of factors associated with attitudes and opinions of county extension agents toward the 4-H Club program}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1966}, school = {University of Minnesota}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Joseph Leroy Fox} } @booklet {6891, title = {Study of first year 4-H club leaders in New York state: Tenure, characteristics of leaders, and evaluation of job performance by 4-H agents}, year = {1966}, pages = {276 pp.}, abstract = {To determine the factors related to first year 4-H leaders{\textquoteright} continuing in or dropping out of 4-H work and to analyze relationships among characteristics of a sample of first year 4-H leaders and the evaluation by their 4-H agents of jobs performed and not performed. In 1961 questionnaires and personality tests were given to 527 first year 4-=H leaders in New York weho wre part of a northeastern regional sample. Questionnaires were also administered in 1961 and 1962 to 4-H agents in the counties from which the leaders came,. Major personal characteristics of the sample are outlined and then related to tenure. Implications of the findings are relevant in training agents to train leaders. In the supplement, distribution of jobs according to the number of first year 4-H leaders performing andnot performing them, and the perceptions of 4-H agents and state leaders fo 4-H leaders{\textquoteright} jobs are presented in tables. Questionnaires included in Appendix.}, author = {Frank Dewitt Alexander} } @mastersthesis {8533, title = {A study of life history characteristics of older 4-H club members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1966}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jerome Joseph Klement} } @mastersthesis {8552, title = {A study of Northwestern district county extension agents{\textquoteright} perception of the organization and utilization of advisory boards}, volume = {M.Ext.Ed.}, year = {1966}, note = {

Master of Extension Education

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Douglas Young} } @mastersthesis {8546, title = {A study of selected personality characteristics and tenure of selected 4-H club members who have completed their first year of 4-H club work}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1966}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {La Dessa Rogers Smelcer} } @mastersthesis {8550, title = {A study of the agricultural staff{\textquoteright}s perception of factors affecting enrollment in young farmers{\textquoteright} club program by youth in eastern Nigeria}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1966}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Chukunyere T. Uwakah} } @mastersthesis {8539, title = {A study of the differential effectiveness of 4-H teen leadership programs in seventeen selected Pennsylvania counties}, volume = {M.Ag.}, year = {1966}, note = {

Master of Agriculture degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Winthrop Merriam (Jr. )} } @mastersthesis {8516, title = {A study of the educational impact of a result demonstration program on the participating 4-H club members and their parents}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1966}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Charlie Arch Burns} } @mastersthesis {8551, title = {A survey of youth, the youth organizations to which they belong and their reasons}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1966}, note = {

Paper: Ext. Ed. 400, special problem

}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Phil Weedin} } @mastersthesis {8511, title = {Techniques and methods in working with mentally retarded and physically handicapped children through 4-H club work}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1966}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Donald Wickizer Bailey} } @article {7754, title = {Through the open door of 4-H: A world of opportunities}, year = {1966}, month = {June 21, 1966}, pages = {18 pp. and appendix}, address = {Chicago, IL}, abstract = {A report and recommendations for an expanded 4-H program}, author = {G. Shrum} } @mastersthesis {8504, title = {4-H members{\textquoteright} self-other attitudes in relation to their perception of 4-H awards and motivation to re-enroll}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1965}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Louis E. Stephenson} } @mastersthesis {8472, title = {The 4-H TV science series in Nebraska}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1965}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Gary B. Garey} } @article {7622, title = {Achieving quality management in 4-H projects}, year = {1965}, month = {May 1965}, pages = {21 pp.}, author = {G. Campbell and others} } @article {8495, title = {An analysis of a method of recruiting 4-H members}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1965}, note = {

Special problem report Extension Education 400. University of Missouri, Columbia.

}, institution = {University of Missouri}, author = {Walter L. Ries} } @mastersthesis {8459, title = {An analysis of a pilot 4-H geology educational project}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1965}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Julian Ralph Beard} } @mastersthesis {8463, title = {An analysis of selected characteristics of leader letters used in Washington: Special problem report}, volume = {M.Ext.}, year = {1965}, note = {

Master of Extension degree

}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {George Loris Brinkman} } @booklet {7031, title = {Area agent study: A report on the review of multi-county area agents operations in 13 states}, year = {1965}, author = {Buel Lanpher and L. Cowden and others} } @mastersthesis {8458, title = {Characteristics of first and second year leader dropouts in 1962-64 in Eau Claire County, Wisconsin}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Glenn O. Bartelt} } @mastersthesis {8478, title = {Comparison of high school 4-H members and 4-H dropouts in Hardy County, West Virginia}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1965}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Howard B. Hardy} } @mastersthesis {8474, title = {Comparison of high school 4-H members and 4-H dropouts in Hardy County, West Virginia}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1965}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Frank B. Graham} } @mastersthesis {8502, title = {A comparison of knowledge gained by 4-H and non 4-H members living in a low-income area of Milwaukee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carl Sheldon Smith} } @article {7613, title = {Competition and awards in 4-H education}, year = {1965}, author = {John W. Banning} } @article {7820, title = {Consequences of participation in Extension 4-H youth development programs}, year = {1965}, publisher = {U.S. Department of Agriculture. Science and Education Administration}, address = {Washington, DC}, author = {John W. Banning} } @mastersthesis {8460, title = {Consistency of teacher ratings and achievement patterns of 4-H club members in relation to their participation in 4-H clubs and other organizations in grades one, six and twelve}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1965}, school = {University of Wisconsin-Madison}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, address = {Madison, WI}, author = {Dineshkumar Atmaram Bholay} } @mastersthesis {8490, title = {A description of current 4-F and home economics programs in Ecuador and some suggestions for further implementation}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1965}, note = {

Paper

}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Maria Montenegro} } @article {7844, title = {Development of 4-H community organizations in Massachusetts}, year = {1965}, month = {May 1965}, pages = {27 pp.}, author = {William M. Metcalfe} } @mastersthesis {8461, title = {Education, 4-H and low socio-economic urban youth}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1965}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Richard E. Bitterman} } @mastersthesis {8471, title = {The effect of farm migration upon the development of 4-H club programs in urban areas}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1965}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Theodore Roosevelt Freeman} } @mastersthesis {8491, title = {Effect of multi-county 4-H programming}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1965}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Roy D. Pattison} } @mastersthesis {8488, title = {Evaluation of Pennsylvania 4-H camps}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1965}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Joseph A. Macialek} } @mastersthesis {8468, title = {An extension 4-H leadership development training program: Concepts and methods}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John Paul Duke} } @article {7716, title = {Extension programs for rural youth of low income families}, year = {1965}, month = {[November 1965]}, pages = {56 pp.}, author = {Wilbur F. Pease} } @booklet {7102, title = {Extension youth programs in the 20th century}, year = {1965}, note = {National Archives Box 22}, pages = {23 pp.}, abstract = {Paper for intensive study and special consideration to the future direction of 4-H and other youth extension program development}, author = {N. Ralston and M. Lyle and D. Lane} } @mastersthesis {8470, title = {Factors affecting knowledge retention of nutritional information among selected elementary school students, East Carroll Parish, Louisiana, 1963-64}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1965}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Eloise D. Edwards} } @mastersthesis {8473, title = {Factors associated with job performance of assistant and associate county agents doing 4-H club work, Louisiana, 1964}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1965}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Edward William Gassie} } @mastersthesis {8494, title = {Factors associated with termination of service of 4-H advisors in Champaign County, Ohio}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Larry Lee Rhonemus} } @mastersthesis {8482, title = {Factors involved in the recruitment and length of service of selected 4-H leaders in Pinal County}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1965}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Arizona}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Keith G. Jones} } @mastersthesis {8487, title = {The image of 4-H club work as held by parents of 4-H club members and other adults in the urbanized areas of Montgomery and Prince George{\textquoteright}s Counties, Maryland, 1963}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Charles Francis Lay} } @booklet {7187, title = {Impact--New dimensions in land-grant system and their impact on 4-H youth development: 35th National Conference of State 4-H club leaders: Washington, D.C., April 25-30, 1965}, year = {1965}, author = {USDA} } @mastersthesis {8485, title = {Intensity of 4-H junior leader involvement in relation to 4-H club quality in Wyoming}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1965}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Donald D. Kaufmann} } @article {7481, title = {Intrinsic motivation in 4-H}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {3}, year = {1965}, month = {Spring 1965}, pages = {42-50}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1965spring/1965-1-a6.pdf}, author = {Eugene A. Quarrick and Robert E. Rankin} } @mastersthesis {8477, title = {Jasper County Missouri youth survey: A process for youth program development}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Don Gay Ham} } @mastersthesis {8467, title = {Measurement of attitudes of selected Oregon 4-H clothing club members toward 4-H exhibiting}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {Oregon State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Janet Kathryn Calvert} } @mastersthesis {8489, title = {Participation in group singing at 4-H club meetings and its influence on the individual 4-H club program in Dane County, Wisconsin}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Roland D. Manthe} } @mastersthesis {8476, title = {The perception home management committee members have of the Cooperative Extension Service and program planning in sixteen counties in Virginia}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ethel Laurance Grubbs} } @booklet {7046, title = {Professional leadership in Extension youth programs: Selected papers}, year = {1965}, author = {Russell G. Mawby and Robert Crowthers Clark} } @mastersthesis {8479, title = {Public appraisal of the Washington County Fair}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Maurice J. Hovland} } @mastersthesis {8506, title = {Recruiting urban 4-H leaders}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1965}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {William V. VanSkike} } @mastersthesis {8464, title = {The relationship between membership status of rural youth in selected organizations and certain personal and familial characteristics}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, note = {

Master of Science

}, school = {University of North Carolina}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Elizabeth Ann Brooks} } @mastersthesis {8486, title = {Relationship of 4-H award winning to selected personal characteristics of 4-H members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Alf E. Kirkeeng} } @mastersthesis {8465, title = {Relationship of 4-H leaders{\textquoteright} understanding of older youth to their success in working with 4-H clubs}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1965}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Norman E. Brown} } @mastersthesis {8505, title = {Relationship of personality traits of 4-H members to awards received}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Robert A. Stodola} } @mastersthesis {8508, title = {The role of the county club agent in Kansas}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {Kansas State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Gene Child Whaples} } @mastersthesis {8507, title = {The role perception of 4-H club junior leaders as seen by potential junior leaders, extension agents and junior leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {University of Kentucky}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Frederick D. Watson} } @article {7277, title = {Self-concept and leader tenure: Continuance or discontinuance of the leader role is largely a matter of personal orientation}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {3}, year = {1965}, month = {Summer 1965}, pages = {110-112}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1965summer/1965-2-a7.pdf}, author = {Gerald W. Brog and Carl J. Couch} } @mastersthesis {8492, title = {Some breakfast practices of 4-H club girls in Mississippi and implications for future 4-H publications}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {University of Alabama}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Marilynn Purdie} } @mastersthesis {8483, title = {Some factors affecting knowledge retention by 4-H dairy members in Washington Parish, 1965}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1965}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Marion H. Jones} } @mastersthesis {8496, title = {Some factors affecting knowledge retention of 4-H swine project members in Franklin Parish, Louisiana, 1965}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1965}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Willie W. Russell} } @mastersthesis {8500, title = {Some factors affecting knowledge retention of first-year 4-H clothing club members in Livingston Parish, Louisiana, 1964-65}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, note = {

Master of Education

}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carol Smith Sims} } @mastersthesis {8481, title = {Some factors affecting knowledge retention of sewing information among first-year 4-H clothing project members, Franklin Parish, Louisiana, 1965}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Patsy Kay Johnson} } @mastersthesis {8503, title = {Study and evaluation of 4-H dairy program in West Virginia}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Glenn Snyder} } @mastersthesis {8498, title = {A study of North Carolina county extension chairmen{\textquoteright}s perception of the role of the advisory board in county programming}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ronald W. Shearon} } @mastersthesis {8497, title = {Study of opinions of 4-H club members, adult leaders and parents concerning competitive 4-H activities in six central Oklahoma counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Richard Ernest Sestak} } @mastersthesis {8469, title = {A study of selected characteristics of youth from low income families and their implications to Cooperative Extension Service youth programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Donald E. Duxbury} } @mastersthesis {8462, title = {A study of selected factors associated with reenrollment and nonreenrollment of 4-H club members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Robert Walter Blanton} } @mastersthesis {8475, title = {A study of the Georgia 4-H leadership program in Coffee, Cook, Lanier and Turner Counties}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1965}, note = {

Paper

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Otis Eugene Grimes} } @mastersthesis {8466, title = {A study of the knowledge of and attitudes toward the 4-H junior leadership project by junior leaders in four selected counties in Maryland}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Bobby G. Busbice} } @mastersthesis {8457, title = {A study of the long time program planning process in St. Croix County, Wisconsin}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Elwood E. Anderson} } @mastersthesis {8501, title = {Study on the differential socio-psychological characteristics of 4-H members in Southern Ontario}, volume = {M.Sc.}, year = {1965}, note = {

Master of Science degree

}, school = {University of Guelph, Canada}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Bhagwan K. Singh} } @mastersthesis {8493, title = {Teaching of livestock subject matter by 4-H club livestock project leaders}, volume = {M.Ext.}, year = {1965}, note = {

Master of Extension degree

}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {G. Surya Rao} } @mastersthesis {8484, title = {The training needs in entomology of Ohio County extension agents, agriculture and 4-H}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Franklin William Kapp} } @mastersthesis {8480, title = {Training needs of 4-H adult leaders in Johnson and Shelby counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {Indiana University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Paul Frederick Hughes} } @mastersthesis {8499, title = {Youth in low-income families of Wisconsin}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8075633}, author = {William A. Shimel} } @book {6816, title = {4-H in urban areas: A case study of 4-H organization and program in selected urbanized areas}, year = {1964}, note = {

A condensed report of 37 pages was published in 1964.

}, pages = {248p}, publisher = {National 4-H Club Foundation}, organization = {National 4-H Club Foundation}, address = {Washington, DC}, url = {https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/429690}, author = {Emory John Brown and Patrick Gerald Boyle and Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges and Ad Hoc Study Committee on 4-H Club Work in North America and National 4-H Club Foundation} } @mastersthesis {8448, title = {4-H programming in relation to human growth factors}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1964}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Margaret A. Stahly} } @mastersthesis {8421, title = {An analysis of personal-social factors and interest patterns existing among 4-H member 4-H dropout and non 4-H boys and girls at sixth, ninth and twelfth grades in six rural Wisconsin communities}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1964}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Robert Franklin Barnes} } @mastersthesis {8436, title = {Attitudes of Colorado county extension personnel regarding the interests and needs of teen-age youth as related to extension programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1964}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {James C. Kemp} } @mastersthesis {8443, title = {Comparison of the effectiveness of film and bulletin in transmitting knowledge to Negro 4-H club local leaders in Alabama and Caucasian 4-H club local leaders in Wisconsin}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1964}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Theodore James Pinnock} } @mastersthesis {8419, title = {Determinant factors of youth education}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1964}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Rell F. Argyle} } @mastersthesis {8428, title = {Early adolescent development in peer groups in Tooele County, Utah}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1964}, note = {

Master of Education Degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Elizabeth Darley} } @booklet {7129, title = {Evaluation of training for 4-H Peace Corps projects}, year = {1964}, author = {Warren E. Schmidt} } @article {7921, title = {The evolution of 4-H club work in the United States with emphasis on New York State{\textquoteright}s contribution}, year = {1964}, month = {February 1964}, abstract = {

Simons was Director of Extension from 1932-1954

}, author = {L. R. Simons} } @article {7736, title = {Expanding the opportunities of 4-H membership to more boys and girls}, year = {1964}, abstract = {A report of a study to determine factors associated with the tenure of first-year local 4-H club leaders, 1961-1962 in 11 northeastern states.}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky and Fern S. Kelley} } @mastersthesis {8435, title = {Expressed attitudes and opinions of extension personnel, certain 4-H local leaders, parents of 4-H members and other adults concerning philosophy, objectives, principles, policy and operational procedure of the Arizona 4-H club program}, volume = {M.Ag.Ed.}, year = {1964}, note = {

JOE Abstract, 196?, 53.

}, school = {University of Arizona}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Bruce C. Kell} } @mastersthesis {8434, title = {Expressed opinions and attitudes of four selected groups of people involved in the Arizona 4-H club program concerning philosophy, policy, objectives and administration}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1964}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Arizona}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Howard E. Jones} } @mastersthesis {8453, title = {Factors affecting knowledge retention by 4-H beef members in East Carroll Parish, Louisiana, 1963-64}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1964}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lafayette L. Swoope (Jr.)} } @mastersthesis {8427, title = {Factors influencing home economics 4-H club reenrollment of girls age fourteen and older in Stephenson County, Illinois}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1964}, school = {Northern Illinois University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mary Victoria Cheze} } @mastersthesis {8451, title = {Factors influencing parent participation in 4-H club work}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1964}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Natalie McWilliams Straub} } @mastersthesis {8444, title = {Factors influencing retention of senior 4-H club boys in Hamilton County, Tennessee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1964}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Wesley F. Rouse (Jr. )} } @mastersthesis {8439, title = {Factors related to 4-H leader tenure}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1964}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Harold G. Lindsay} } @mastersthesis {8420, title = {Identification of tasks to be performed by county agents in conducting the International Farm Youth Exchange (IFYE) program and a survey of tasks performed by Utah agents}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1964}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Glenn T. Baird} } @mastersthesis {8423, title = {Improving 4-H counselor training programs for Ohio camps}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1964}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Werner LeRoy Beecher} } @mastersthesis {8441, title = {The leadership functions of the state 4-H club leader with emphasis in selected western states}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1964}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Rudolph Olney Monosmith} } @mastersthesis {8455, title = {Non-participation of youth in 4-H}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1964}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Robert M. Voboril} } @booklet {7122, title = {Northeastern region study of first year 4-H leaders}, year = {1964}, abstract = {Also see Sabrosky, Laurel K. Findings form northeastern states 4-H leader tenure study, presented March 3, 1964 in New York City at the Northeast states Conference. National Archives, Box 22.}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky} } @mastersthesis {8432, title = {Participant response to the teaching of principles in a county extension agronomy school}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1964}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Roger D. Iverson} } @mastersthesis {8424, title = {A preliminary appraisal of the 4-H project, exploring foods and nutrition}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1964}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Muriel Sarah Brink} } @mastersthesis {8438, title = {A profile and comparison of urban and rural volunteer 4-H club advisors in twelve selected Ohio counties}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1964}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Duane Burnell Lau} } @mastersthesis {8429, title = {Programming for the adolescent girl}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1964}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Marjorie J. Dunn} } @mastersthesis {8454, title = {Proposals for selecting and training of 4-H agents in Surinam}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1964}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ans Rosemarie Van Niel} } @mastersthesis {8446, title = {Proposed guide for analyzing extension youth program planning processes}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1964}, note = {

A summary of this study was published June 1964, 16 pp.

Available at the National 4-H archives, Box 22

}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {George Edwin Russell} } @mastersthesis {8430, title = {A reenrollment study of Pettis County 4-H members}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1964}, note = {

Paper

}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Owen Fox} } @mastersthesis {8447, title = {Relationship of selected personal characteristics and perception variables to participation of 4-H club members in Boone County, Missouri}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1964}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Ram P. Singh} } @booklet {7121, title = {A report of a study to determine factors associated with the tenure of first-year local 4-H club leaders, 1961-62 in eleven northeast states}, year = {1964}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky} } @article {7737, title = {Report of Ad Hoc Study Committee on 4-H club work in non-farm areas}, year = {1964}, abstract = {44 pages}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky and others} } @booklet {6907, title = {Research results of opinions and attitudes toward 4-H objectives and operational procedures}, year = {1964}, note = {Includes supplement Appendix A -- Areas of agreement, disagreement, and divergence of opinion by county extension agents.}, author = {Wayne Bath} } @mastersthesis {8437, title = {A review of literature on local 4-H leadership}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1964}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John A. Kiesow} } @mastersthesis {8422, title = {The role of the Cooperative Extension Service in urban and urbanizing areas: An analysis of Extension worker{\textquoteright}s opinions}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1964}, note = {

JOE Abstract, ??, 52

}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kaye Francis Bartlett} } @booklet {7015, title = {Selectivity of 4-H, FFA, and FHA membership: A study of factors associated with rural youths{\textquoteright} participation}, year = {1964}, author = {Vira R. Kevitt and Irwin Sperry Sperry} } @mastersthesis {8425, title = {Self concept in relation to 4-H leader tenure}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1964}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Gerald Walter Brog} } @mastersthesis {8445, title = {Social activities of Socorro County, New Mexico adolescents}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1964}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lucy K. Rush} } @mastersthesis {8426, title = {A study of 4-H leaders{\textquoteright} councils in 11 selected counties in Washington State: A special problems report}, volume = {M.Ext.}, year = {1964}, note = {

Master of Extension degree

}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lin-Ts{\textquoteright}ang Chen} } @mastersthesis {8431, title = {Study of physical fitness of Oklahoma 4-H club members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1964}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Warren Ray Graham} } @mastersthesis {8442, title = {A study of the 4-H leader training needs in Wyoming as identified by local 4-H club leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1964}, school = {University of Wyoming}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {James M. Nicholls} } @mastersthesis {8449, title = {A study of the educational needs of United States IFYE delegate alumni}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1964}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John Henry Stanley} } @mastersthesis {8456, title = {A study of the factors involved in 4-H members decisions to enroll or not to reenroll in the 4-H program in Kentucky}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1964}, school = {University of Kentucky}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Thomas M. Williams} } @mastersthesis {8433, title = {A study of the responsibilities of volunteer 4-H adult leaders and training provided for leaders in the Mississippi 4-H Club Program during 1963}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1964}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Joseph W. James} } @mastersthesis {8450, title = {The use of 4-H county 4-H councils}, volume = {M.Ext.}, year = {1964}, note = {

Master of Extension degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Roy F. Stohler} } @mastersthesis {8452, title = {Weekly newspaper editors{\textquoteright} acceptance and use of 1963 state 4-H contest pictures and captions supplied by state and local extension service sources}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1964}, school = {South Dakota State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Leland L. Sudlow} } @article {7690, title = {Who joins 4-H clubs. Part 2, An analysis of members, drop outs and non-members on personal and social behavior, school achievement and socio-economic factors}, year = {1964}, month = {November 1964}, pages = {35 pp.}, author = {Burton W. Kreitlow and Echo Leonore Ruth Lidster} } @mastersthesis {8440, title = {Why enrollment of 4-H club members in Muscogee County, Georgia, dropped over a three year period}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1964}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Hazel Malone} } @mastersthesis {8398, title = {4-H leader role perception}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1963}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Russell L. Krech} } @mastersthesis {8401, title = {An agricultural production project record keeping system for 4-H club members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1963}, school = {Utah State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Marven J. Ogden} } @mastersthesis {8408, title = {An analysis by sex of the experiences of first year 4-H club members}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1963}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Alton M. Ruby} } @mastersthesis {8391, title = {An analysis of campers{\textquoteright} opinions by sex of selected 1962 4-H citizenship camps}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1963}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Silvia F. Halphen} } @mastersthesis {8399, title = {An analysis of certain educational and socio-economic factors as they relate to the nature and number of 4-H projects selected and the project progression shown by 4-H club members at grades one, six, and nine in ten Wisconsin communities}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1963}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Echo Leonore Ruth Lidster} } @mastersthesis {8387, title = {An analysis of the 4-H dairy project in Frederick County, Maryland}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1963}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {David Daniel Eigenbrode} } @mastersthesis {8385, title = {An appraisal of the Wisconsin junior livestock expositions}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1963}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Darold Leroy Drew} } @mastersthesis {8406, title = {Breakfast habits of youth of Caddo, Oklahoma, with implications for nutrition education programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1963}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Augusta Morgan Richardson} } @mastersthesis {8382, title = {Characteristics of effective county 4-H councils}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1963}, school = {University of Kentucky}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Cecil E. Carter Jr.} } @mastersthesis {8400, title = {Comparative analysis of school and community types of 4-H club organization}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1963}, school = {University of Arkansas}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {George F. Metzler} } @mastersthesis {8388, title = {A comparison of 4-H and non 4-H high school boys on selected personal and social characteristics, Catahoula Parish, 1963}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1963}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Rodney Davis Ewing} } @mastersthesis {8404, title = {A comparison of first year clothing girls by types of learning experiences Ascension Parish, Louisiana}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1963}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Genevieve L. Plettinger} } @article {7295, title = {A conception of 4-H (Part 1)}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {1}, year = {1963}, month = {Fall 1963}, pages = {167-175}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1963fall/1963-3-a7.pdf}, author = {George Larome Carter (Jr.)} } @article {7296, title = {A conception of 4-H (Part 2)}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {1}, year = {1963}, month = {Winter 1963}, pages = {229-238}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1963winter/1963-4-a6.pdf}, author = {George Larome Carter (Jr.)} } @mastersthesis {8403, title = {Cooperative extension in Grant County, the first forty years}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1963}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Wilfred Pierick} } @mastersthesis {8390, title = {County extension agents{\textquoteright} perception of needed 4-H program and procedural adjustments when 4-H enrollment increases to 5,000 members in Ohio counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1963}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {George Joseph Garman} } @mastersthesis {8409, title = {Development of a camp counselor training program for 4-H Camp Clifton}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1963}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carl Frederick Ruff} } @booklet {6913, title = {Evaluation of 4-H camp leadership training}, year = {1963}, author = {Emory John Brown} } @mastersthesis {8383, title = {An evaluation of the 4-H meat animal projects by selected state junior livestock show exhibitors, Louisiana, 1962}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1963}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Stonewall J. Carter (Jr.)} } @mastersthesis {8405, title = {Factors influencing tenure of select senior 4-H members in Manitoba, Canada}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1963}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ralph Poston} } @mastersthesis {8413, title = {The history and development of Rock Eagle 4-H Center}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1963}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {James William Southerland} } @mastersthesis {8397, title = {How USA International Farm Youth Exchange (IFYE) delegate alumni rate the importance of roles and perform these roles}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1963}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jane S. Kamisato} } @article {7470, title = {Individual and group behavior in 4-H}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {1}, year = {1963}, note = {

Online

}, month = {Summer 1963}, pages = {101-109}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1963summer/1963-2-a6.pdf}, author = {Bardin H. Nelson} } @mastersthesis {8392, title = {International Farm Youth Exchange (IFYE), and expression of international cultural relations}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1963}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Allen C. Hankins} } @mastersthesis {8384, title = {The method demonstration as compared with the illustrated lecture for knowledge retention among 4-H club members}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1963}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ivy R. Creel} } @mastersthesis {8418, title = {Methods used to measure 4-H club member growth and accomplishment}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1963}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Richard Ernest Young} } @mastersthesis {8389, title = {The opinions of campers by sex of selected 4-H citizenship camp programs, Louisiana, 1962}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1963}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Daniel Fontenot (Jr. )} } @mastersthesis {8410, title = {Paragontes epidrontes epites symmetoches ton argotopaidon eisto programma georgikon epharmogon kai ekpaideuseos (Factors associated with the participation of out-of-school rural youth in the agricultural extension and education program)}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1963}, school = {Aristoteleion Panepestimion Thessalonikes}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Spyros Chr Selianitis} } @mastersthesis {8407, title = {Perceptions of the county 4-H club agent{\textquoteright}s role in Wisconsin}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1963}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8074765}, author = {Russell Dean Robinson} } @mastersthesis {8417, title = {Personal factors related to tenure of first year 4-H leaders in Pennsylvania}, volume = {M.Ag.}, year = {1963}, note = {

Master of Agriculture degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Edward J. Woods} } @mastersthesis {8411, title = {Proposed criteria for evaluating county 4-H fair programs in Connecticut}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1963}, school = {Kansas State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Joel Robert Soobitsky} } @booklet {7054, title = {A proposed program of studies and research in 4-H club work directed toward improvement of the California 4-H club program}, year = {1963}, author = {Rudolph O. Monosmith} } @mastersthesis {8381, title = {The relationship between community service activities and adolescent 4-H club membership in Wisconsin}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1963}, note = {

NAL indicates that the study was completed in 1964.

}, school = {University of Chicago}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Frank Nelson Campbell} } @mastersthesis {8379, title = {The relationship between personal values and 4-H club adult leadership}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1963}, school = {University of Chicago}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {C. Dean Allen} } @mastersthesis {8415, title = {Securing volunteers}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1963}, school = {Columbia University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {R. E. Ward} } @mastersthesis {8394, title = {Social interests of Shawnee County, Kansas teenage 4-H members}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1963}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Roger L. Hecht} } @mastersthesis {8393, title = {Some factors affecting tenure of a selected group of Wyoming 4-H members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1963}, school = {University of Wyoming}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lael R. Harrison} } @mastersthesis {8402, title = {A study of adult volunteer 4-H leader training needs in Virginia}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1963}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Shirley Jean Patton} } @booklet {7119, title = {A study of attitudes and knowledge of 4-H club work of Extension workers and selected categories of lay people on (in) thirteen Western states.}, year = {1963}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky} } @booklet {7120, title = {A study of attitudes toward and knowledge of 4-H club work of Extension workers and selected lay people: Phase VI: Western region 4-H club study}, year = {1963}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky} } @mastersthesis {8380, title = {A study of methods of selecting project leaders as related to participation and reenrollment of younger 4-H members in four Missouri counties}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1963}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Arthur Ausherman} } @mastersthesis {8386, title = {A study of Mississippi County Extension agents{\textquoteright} perception of the purpose and organization of 4-H club work}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1963}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Charles B. Duke} } @mastersthesis {8416, title = {A study of the effectiveness of the Minnesota 4-H club junior leadership program in developing lasting leadership characteristics}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1963}, school = {University of Minnesota}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Robert L. Webb} } @booklet {7065, title = {A study of the possibilities of expanding the understanding and use of science through club work}, year = {1963}, author = {National 4-H Club Foundation} } @article {7730, title = {A survey of urban 4-H club work in the United States}, year = {1963}, note = {Originally ER\&T 213 in 1962}, month = {April 1963}, pages = {50 pp.}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky} } @article {7791, title = {A survey of urban 4-H club work in the U.S.}, year = {1963}, note = {Originally ER\&T-213}, month = {April 1963}, author = {USDA} } @mastersthesis {8412, title = {A textile project introducing textiles to 4-H club members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1963}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mary Louise Dever Souther} } @article {7414, title = {Training as perceived by 4-H leaders}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {6}, year = {1963}, month = {Fall 1968}, pages = {164-170}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1968fall/1968-3-a5.pdf}, author = {Jimmy P. Johnson and Carlton R. Sollie} } @mastersthesis {8396, title = {Training needs of 4-H club leaders}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1963}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Robert C. Johnson} } @booklet {7142, title = {Training received by Maryland first-year 4-H club leaders: A pilot study}, year = {1963}, author = {Clodus R. Smith} } @mastersthesis {8395, title = {Urban and rural differentials in change in the agricultural phase of 4-H boys{\textquoteright} club work in selected Tennessee counties, 1941-1961}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1963}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Veerabhadrappa-Chanaveera Hittalmani} } @mastersthesis {8414, title = {Why Stevens County 4-H{\textquoteright}ers, age 14 to 18 years, stay in or drop out of 4-H club work (Reasons for dropouts and re-enrollments by older 4-H club members in Stevens County, Washington}, volume = {M.Ext.}, year = {1963}, note = {

Master of Extension degree

}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Frank W. Stowe (Jr.)} } @mastersthesis {8373, title = {4-H club members{\textquoteright} knowledge and choice of careers as related to certain background factors and a career exploration project in selected Virginia counties}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1962}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Aubrey Roland Slayton} } @mastersthesis {8367, title = {4-H club members{\textquoteright} perception of a method demonstration}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1962}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Helen Petrakis} } @mastersthesis {8371, title = {4-H foods judging handbook}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1962}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Joyce E. Russell} } @article {7689, title = {4-H impact: Does club work make a difference in personal and social development and academic achievement in school?}, year = {1962}, pages = {4 pp.}, author = {B. Kreitlow and Robert Franklin Barnes} } @mastersthesis {8369, title = {The 4-H leader training committee}, volume = {M.Ext.}, year = {1962}, note = {

Master of Extension degree

}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Thomas R. Quann} } @mastersthesis {8341, title = {4-H leader training motivation factors}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1962}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {William H. Borst} } @mastersthesis {8352, title = {The administrative role of the state 4-H club leader}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1962}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carroll Lee Howes} } @mastersthesis {8359, title = {Analysis of programming procedures for community 4-H clubs in Virginia}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1962}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Cecil Myron McBride} } @mastersthesis {8354, title = {Analysis of the art and design interest of the 4-H leader with implications for the growth and development of an effective art and design program in 4-H home economics}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1962}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Rosa Starkey Johnston} } @mastersthesis {8337, title = {An analysis of the community 4-H club}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1962}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Rudolph Douglas Artis} } @mastersthesis {8364, title = {The analysis of the orientation training for first year 4-H advisors in Ohio}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1962}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John Franklin Nicholson} } @article {7859, title = {Attitudes toward competition in 4-H club work: Reaction of five audiences in Washington State}, year = {1962}, author = {H. J. Van Derief} } @mastersthesis {8376, title = {Characteristics and leisure time interests of rural high school boys and girls in Georgia especially related to 4-H program building}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1962}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Tommy Laurice Walton} } @mastersthesis {8378, title = {Characteristics of adults associated with leadership participation and interest in youth organizations}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1962}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Eleanor L. Wilson} } @booklet {6935, title = {Citizenship improvement study: Final report of a three year study (1955-1957) conducted in pilot counties in five states representing Extension{\textquoteright}s national regions}, year = {1962}, author = {Glenn C. Dildine} } @mastersthesis {8368, title = {A comparison of personal and social development and interest patterns between matched groups of ninth grade 4-H and non-4-H members in ten Wisconsin rural communities}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1962}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Chandrika Prasad} } @mastersthesis {8363, title = {A descriptive study of the origin, development and recent major trends of the Kansas Cooperative Agricultural Extension Service}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1962}, school = {Kansas State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Robert Weldon Newsome} } @mastersthesis {8342, title = {The development of a measure of time-orientation, and the relation of time-orientation to 4-H club clothing project enrollment}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1962}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Virginia Davis} } @mastersthesis {8353, title = {Effects of community service activities on 4-H members in Waupaca County}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1962}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Eugene G. Hoye} } @mastersthesis {8339, title = {An evaluation of a series of 4-H leader training meetings held in five Michigan counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1962}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Harold Mayfield Black} } @mastersthesis {8348, title = {An evaluation of supervision of volunteer leaders in Tennessee 4-H club work}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1962}, school = {George Washington University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {George Samuel Foster} } @mastersthesis {8372, title = {An evaluation of the 4-H dairy project}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1962}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lynn J. Simon} } @mastersthesis {8377, title = {An evaluation study of the Wisconsin adult 4-H leaders{\textquoteright} guide, Look Sharp}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1962}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {W. Dee Whitmire} } @mastersthesis {8360, title = {Extension of 4-H club work to urban areas}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1962}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Clifford L. Meireis} } @mastersthesis {8366, title = {Factors associated with 4-H Club members participation in Extension activities in east Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1962}, school = {Prairie View A\&M College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {J. L. Perkins} } @mastersthesis {8338, title = {Factors associated with the reenrollment of senior 4-H club members, East Bronssard High School, Vermillion Parish, 1961}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1962}, note = {

Report Thesis

}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Thesis}, author = {James W. Bandoin} } @mastersthesis {8347, title = {Factors associated with the tenure of first-year local 4-H club leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1962}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mildred Fizer} } @mastersthesis {8361, title = {Improving junior fat steer sales in Ohio}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1962}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {David R. Miskell} } @mastersthesis {8345, title = {A leadership development program for the 4-H club advisors in Geauga County}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1962}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Roy Fred Emerson} } @mastersthesis {8362, title = {Montana county extension program planning committee members{\textquoteright} perception of the Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1962}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Paul J. Moore} } @mastersthesis {8351, title = {Participation and effectiveness of Mississippi 4-H All Stars in leadership responsibilities in 4-H club work}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1962}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mary Jane Hall} } @mastersthesis {8346, title = {Personality characteristics of first-year 4-H club leaders as related to performance and enjoyment of 4-H leadership roles}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1962}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Virginia Mary Evans} } @mastersthesis {8365, title = {Preferences and attitudes of 4-H club members toward fabrics used in clothing construction}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1962}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ruth Ann Nine} } @booklet {7186, title = {Reaching new audiences more effectively: Low-socio economic youth non-farm youth, high school age youth}, year = {1962}, pages = {99 pp.}, author = {USDA} } @mastersthesis {8340, title = {Relationship of the self concept to 4-H leadership}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1962}, note = {

Also published in Rural Sociology, December 1963) 28(4), 413-418

}, school = {Florida State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Edwina J. Bordeau} } @mastersthesis {8343, title = {Self-concept, role internalization and saliency in relation to 4-H leader effectiveness}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1962}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Delwyn Arthur Dyer} } @mastersthesis {8349, title = {Some factors affecting support and cooperation of parents of junior 4-H club members, Livingston Parish, 1962}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1962}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Billy J. Greene} } @mastersthesis {8358, title = {A study of 4-H leadership in Hilo County, Hawaii: Special problems report}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1962}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Charles I. Maruyama} } @mastersthesis {8350, title = {A study of authoritarianism, social participation and other social factors of unmarried young adults in Lawrence County, Ohio}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1962}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Virginia Ruth Griffin} } @mastersthesis {8357, title = {A study of leisure time activities of 4-H Club members in Queen Anne{\textquoteright}s County, Maryland}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1962}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Daniel E. Lindsey} } @mastersthesis {8355, title = {A study of rural youth programs in the Americas (except United States and Canada)}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1962}, school = {Montana State College}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Earl Jones} } @mastersthesis {8375, title = {A study of the attitudes of extension workers, 4-H leaders, parents of 4-H members, key adults, and older youth toward competition in the 4-H program}, volume = {M.Ext.}, year = {1962}, note = {

Master of Extension degree

}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {H. J. Van Derief} } @mastersthesis {8374, title = {A study of the county 4-H club executive committee members{\textquoteright} knowledge and understanding of their responsibilities in New York State}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1962}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Phyllis Eloise Stout} } @mastersthesis {8344, title = {A study of the learning opportunities available through group participation in a single 4-H project}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1962}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Elizabeth A. Elliott} } @mastersthesis {8370, title = {A study of why adult 4-H leadership did and did not function in some clubs in Miller County, Arkansas}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1962}, school = {Prairie View A\&M College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Iola B. Smith Rhone} } @mastersthesis {8336, title = {Training needs in 4-H leader development}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1962}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Toribio Duran Apodaca} } @mastersthesis {8356, title = {The use of short-term directed discussion as a means of changing the attitudes and opinions of adolescents}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1962}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Glenn A. Klein} } @mastersthesis {8308, title = {4-H developmental committees as they relate to local 4-H leader involvement in counties of New York}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1961}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Donald L. Jewett} } @mastersthesis {8294, title = {4-H junior leadership in Washington as seen by the county agents: Special problems report}, volume = {M.Ext.}, year = {1961}, note = {

Master of Extension degree

}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Joseph L Ahmann} } @mastersthesis {8314, title = {4-H leader tenure}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1961}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Roger J. Larson} } @article {7831, title = {4-H older member survey report}, year = {1961}, pages = {45 pp.}, author = {G. Donohue and Robert R. Pinches} } @mastersthesis {8334, title = {4-H volunteer leadership development}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1961}, note = {

Course No. 899

}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Ruth C. Weston} } @mastersthesis {8331, title = {The administrative role of the state 4-H club leader in selected states: Study in role perception}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1961}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Curtis Trent} } @mastersthesis {8295, title = {An analysis of 4-H club publicity in Kansas}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1961}, school = {American University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Dale Apel} } @mastersthesis {8301, title = {An analysis of factors related to the programming role of the state of 4-H club leader in selected states}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1961}, school = {University of Wisconsin-Madison}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, address = {Madison, WI}, author = {George Larome Carter (Jr.)} } @mastersthesis {8335, title = {An analysis of the participation experiences of associate 4-H club members in Ohio}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1961}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Clair W. Young} } @mastersthesis {8321, title = {An analysis of the subject matter content and readability of 239 publications used as a 4-H meat animal project literature in 46 states}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1961}, school = {North Dakota State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Dwight E. Palmer} } @mastersthesis {8329, title = {A comparative study among 4-H girls of four years and over one and two year 4-H dropouts and non 4-H girls of ninth grade in ten selected communities of Wisconsin to determine differences in school achievement and social behavior}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1961}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Guthikonda Venkata Subaima} } @mastersthesis {8315, title = {A comparison of junior 4-H dropouts of Bienville Parrish and Claiborn Parish, LA, 1960-61}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1961}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Elliot E. Letlow} } @mastersthesis {8330, title = {A comparison of junior and senior 4-H club meetings}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1961}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Harlon A. Toney} } @mastersthesis {8298, title = {A comparison of the first year members, the reenrollment and the non-reenrollment in the 4-H poultry projects, Lafourche Parish, 1960-61}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1961}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Arthur J. Bergeson} } @mastersthesis {8305, title = {A comparison of the opinions of selected extension agents and 4-H junior leaders on the criteria influencing the selection of 4-H members to receive awards}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1961}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Conrad C. Gauthier} } @mastersthesis {8325, title = {Competition and the individual}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1961}, note = {

Master of Education Degree

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Barbara J. Smith} } @mastersthesis {8327, title = {A constructed typology of training programs for 4-H community club leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1961}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Edgar Clinton Sobers} } @mastersthesis {8310, title = {County extension staff members{\textquoteright} perceptions of rural development in Pennsylvania}, volume = {M.Ag.}, year = {1961}, note = {

Master of Agriculture degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Thomas Jurchak} } @mastersthesis {8324, title = {Development of a youth organization at the village level in Madhya Pradesh, India}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1961}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Singh, Yashawant} } @mastersthesis {8307, title = {The development of leaders{\textquoteright} guides and project books in home management to use with older 4-H club members}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1961}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Helen F. Horton} } @mastersthesis {8309, title = {The effect of the 4-H forestry project on the planting of pine seedlings, Allen Parish, 1948-1958}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1961}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Clarence H. Jordan} } @mastersthesis {8322, title = {Evaluation of 4-H town and country business program in four youth clubs}, volume = {M.Ag.}, year = {1961}, note = {

Master of Agriculture degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {William Reagan} } @mastersthesis {8320, title = {An evaluation of the 4-H beef project}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1961}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Thurman L. Morgan} } @mastersthesis {8332, title = {An evaluation of the Knox County Rural Youth Club}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1961}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {George Glenn Waltz} } @mastersthesis {8302, title = {Exploratory study of 4-H club program in two Eastern Kentucky counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1961}, school = {University of Kentucky}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John Caudill} } @mastersthesis {8312, title = {An exploratory study setting a "benchmark" of present levels of local 4-H club leadership in twenty-two counties of Michigan}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1961}, note = {

Another citation for NAL: S533.F66K55

}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ralph E. Kirch} } @mastersthesis {8296, title = {Factors associated with variations in evaluation of county programs by county extension agents in Oklahoma}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1961}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Edna Mae Baker} } @mastersthesis {8297, title = {Identification and analysis of background characteristics and attitudes of adult 4-H leaders and extension agents associated with the Wisconsin 4-H drama program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1961}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Madison}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Robert Franklin Barnes} } @mastersthesis {8304, title = {An information survey regarding the 4-H junior leadership program}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1961}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Virginia Mary Evans} } @book {6813, title = {An interpretation of 4-H history}, year = {1961}, note = {

Selected readings and references in 4-H club work; adapted from his thesis

}, publisher = {Federal Extension Service}, organization = {Federal Extension Service}, address = {[Washington, DC]}, author = {Edward William Aiton} } @mastersthesis {8303, title = {Opinions and attitudes of Oregon Extension workers toward 4-H objectives and operational procedures}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1961}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Thesis}, author = {William Gerald Eibler} } @mastersthesis {8318, title = {Public relations in 4-H club work}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1961}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Warren S. Mauk} } @mastersthesis {8313, title = {The response of 4-H campers to the camp program at the 1959 Middle Tennessee 4-H camp}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1961}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Felix Eugene Knight} } @mastersthesis {8328, title = {The role of the county 4-H All Star organization in Maryland}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1961}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Madison}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Richard Calvert Steuart} } @mastersthesis {8317, title = {Rural youth clubs in agricultural extension in British Guiana}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1961}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Harry Madramootoo} } @article {7505, title = {School missed by 4-H members}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {1}, year = {1961}, note = {

Online; accepted for Publication July 1979. Originally prepared as a mimeograph by the Federal Extension Service as 4-H-205, November 1961.

}, month = {Winter 1963}, pages = {210-212}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1963winter/1963-4-a3.pdf}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky} } @mastersthesis {8326, title = {Some aspects of adolescent development with implications to 4-H club program planning}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1961}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Barbara J. Smith} } @mastersthesis {8306, title = {A study in selected factors associated with 4-H project selection by boys enrolled in 4-H club work in Chambers County, Alabama}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1961}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Robert C. Horn} } @mastersthesis {8333, title = {A study of 4-H club leader training in Snohomish County, Washington}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1961}, note = {

Master of Education Degree

}, school = {State College of Washington [Washington State University]}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John Gustaf Westergreen} } @mastersthesis {8319, title = {A study of attitudes towards the responsibility of the county extension worker in the 4-H program and social and developmental needs of youth}, volume = {M.Ext.}, year = {1961}, note = {

Master of Extension degree

}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Stella McKinstry} } @mastersthesis {8316, title = {A study of camping and other summer activities of 4-H members in Utah}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1961}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Charlene Lind} } @mastersthesis {8323, title = {A study of dropouts of girls thirteen - eighteen in the 4-H club program in Ogle County}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1961}, school = {Northern University of Illinois, DeKalb}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Francis G. Reeverts} } @article {7731, title = {A study of how state 4-H staff members spend their working time: Eleven central states --1958}, year = {1961}, pages = {65 pp.}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky} } @mastersthesis {8311, title = {A study of influence in four Michigan 4-H clubs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1961}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Frederick Benjamin Kaehler} } @mastersthesis {8300, title = {A study of the 4-H junior leadership program in Nebraska}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1961}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John Alfred Burbank} } @mastersthesis {8299, title = {A study of the relationship of family background and status to the age of joining and persistence in 4-H club work of students in the ninth grade in ten Wisconsin counties}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1961}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Robert E. Brack} } @booklet {6928, title = {Why the "Drop Outs" in 4-H}, howpublished = {Selected Readings and References in 4-H}, year = {1961}, month = {p. 77-}, publisher = {University of Wisconsin, National Agricultural Extenation Center for Advanced Study}, address = {Madison, WI}, author = {James H. Copp and Robert Crowthers Clark} } @article {7643, title = {Youth work in rural development.}, year = {1961}, note = {

Edited by John M. Fenley from theses prepared by members of the Comparative Extension Education Seminar.

}, pages = {52 pp.}, institution = {Cornell University}, address = {Ithaca, N.Y.}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/9669772}, author = {John M. Fenley} } @mastersthesis {8285, title = {A 4-H leader records survey: Report of Michigan counties as seen by extension agents}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1960}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Alvin F. Root} } @mastersthesis {8291, title = {4-H project counseling}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1960}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Dorothy Webb} } @mastersthesis {8282, title = {An analysis of the 4-H adult leadership training program in selected counties in Indiana}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1960}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Evelyn Pearl Quesenberry} } @mastersthesis {8289, title = {An analysis of the 4-H club program for fourteen to seventeen year old members in Knox County, Ohio}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1960}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Paul N. Thorburn} } @mastersthesis {8293, title = {The applicability of the 4-H club idea to the rural community development program of Indonesia}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1960}, school = {University of California, Berkeley}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Halimah Wiradarja} } @article {7836, title = {Boys and girls and competition}, year = {1960}, month = {January 1, 1961}, author = {Roberta Frasier} } @mastersthesis {8284, title = {A comparative analysis of the counselors{\textquoteright} attitude, their prediction of the campers attitude and the campers{\textquoteright} attitude toward junior 4-H camp program, Louisiana, 1960}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1960}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Wayne E. Robichaux} } @mastersthesis {8273, title = {A comparative study of community and project 4-H clubs in Calhoun County, Michigan}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1960}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Rebecca Kathrine Johnston} } @mastersthesis {8290, title = {A comparison of the laboratory and the lecture demonstration methods of teaching survey of food preparation for freshman home economics students at the University of Vermont}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1960}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Virginia Yapp Trotter} } @mastersthesis {8264, title = {A comparison of two types of 4-H electric leader publications used by first year leaders in Michigan}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1960}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {C. Dean Allen} } @mastersthesis {8281, title = {The development of the criteria for a standard of performance for parish 4-H programs in Louisiana}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1960}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Lynn Louis Pesson} } @mastersthesis {8275, title = {The development plan and studies for the Litchfield County 4-H Center, Warren, Connecticut}, volume = {B.A.}, year = {1960}, note = {

Landscape Architecture

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Paul A. Leffingwell} } @booklet {7174, title = {An evaluation of 4-H bulletin 197, 4-H vegetable garden}, year = {1960}, author = {Lee Taylor} } @mastersthesis {8271, title = {An evaluation of the interstate 4-H exchange program in six counties in Kentucky}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1960}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John Henry Heller} } @mastersthesis {8277, title = {Factors related to reenrollment in junior 4-H clubs, Claiborne Parish}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1960}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Thurman W. Morgan} } @mastersthesis {8269, title = {Holding power of Iowa 4-H clubs: Girls thirteen and fourteen years of age}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1960}, school = {Iowa State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ramona Luella Esbeck} } @mastersthesis {8280, title = {Instructional materials for discussing dating with 4-H club members}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1960}, school = {Columbia University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Eugene Owen Peisner} } @mastersthesis {8283, title = {Local 4-H committees}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1960}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Charles J. Reutter} } @mastersthesis {8286, title = {Program adjustments to meet the needs of older 4-H youth}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1960}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {N. B. Servass} } @booklet {7019, title = {Public relations in government (17.544): Case study in public relations of the National 4-H Foundation, 7100 Connecticut Avenue, Washington 15, D.C.}, year = {1960}, pages = {10 pp.}, author = {Ralph E. Kirch} } @mastersthesis {8274, title = {The relationship between personal values and the adoption of recommended farm and home practices}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1960}, school = {University of Chicago}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {William James Kimball} } @booklet {7020, title = {Research plan for "an exploratory study of the correlation of help given local volunteer 4-H club leaders and tenure of these leaders"}, year = {1960}, author = {Ralph E. Kirch} } @mastersthesis {8272, title = {A review of literature on the selection and training of local 4-H leaders}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1960}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Eleanor G. Inman} } @mastersthesis {8287, title = {Some factors associated with choice of careers among senior 4-H club members in Rockbridge County, Virginia}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1960}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Aubrey Roland Slayton} } @mastersthesis {8270, title = {A study of decisions made by adolescent girls in the 4-H clothing project}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1960}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Anne Elizabeth Field} } @mastersthesis {8276, title = {A study of first year 4-H project leaders in Kenosha County, Wisconsin}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1960}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {E. J. Leuder} } @mastersthesis {8267, title = {A study of International Farm Youth Exchange (IFYE) delegates who visited Latin America}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1960}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lee Ann Leet Blum} } @booklet {7103, title = {The study of recreation education in the programs of Cooperative Extension Service}, howpublished = {sabbatical study}, year = {1960}, author = {E. H. Regnier} } @mastersthesis {8268, title = {A study of the effectiveness of teaching by television versus teaching by the use of an extension bulletin}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1960}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Patricia M. Coolican} } @mastersthesis {8278, title = {A study of the effects of increased county 4-H membership on certain vitality factors in Oregon and Michigan}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1960}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {H. Joe Myers} } @mastersthesis {8292, title = {A study of the personal problems of high school age 4-H club members and non-members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1960}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ray K. Weick} } @mastersthesis {8288, title = {A study of the relationship of the human-interest factor to reader comprehension and preference in 4-H literature}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1960}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {William Elroy Tedrick} } @mastersthesis {8279, title = {Suggestions for a comprehensive approach for training 4-H leaders in Puerto Rico}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1960}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Aurora Rodriquez Padilla} } @mastersthesis {8266, title = {A time use study of Wisconsin State 4-H staff members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1960}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Charles Thomas Bates (Jr.)} } @mastersthesis {8265, title = {Training needs of leaders of older 4-H club members}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1960}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Arleen L. Barkheim} } @mastersthesis {8255, title = {4-H club handbook for voluntary leaders in the Philippines}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1959}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Catalina Derecho Shea} } @mastersthesis {8260, title = {The 4-H club program in the United States}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1959}, school = {Concordia Teacher{\textquoteright}s College}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Irene Helen Volz} } @mastersthesis {8246, title = {4-H leader training}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1959}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lonnie McGrew} } @mastersthesis {8253, title = {4-H leader training methods}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1959}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Marvin Reynolds} } @mastersthesis {8263, title = {An analysis of 4-H club training and the educational and occupational goals of 4-H club members}, volume = {M.S..}, year = {1959}, school = {A\&M College of Texas [Texas A\&M University]}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1959-THESIS-Y64}, author = {Gerald M. York} } @mastersthesis {8237, title = {An analysis of the training needs of 4-H community leaders and the need for assistance in training them as identified by county Extension agents in Kansas}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Loren Francis Goyen} } @mastersthesis {8222, title = {Analysis of work relationship between Minnesota 4-H club state and county staffs}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Minnesota}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Earl S. Bergerud} } @mastersthesis {8257, title = {Clothing interests and practices of 4-H girls in Hawaii}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Elizabeth Ann Snoddy} } @mastersthesis {8223, title = {Consensus between extension specialists and resident staff of the role of the specialist}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1959}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John W. Bergstrom} } @mastersthesis {8238, title = {A content analysis of editorials in the National 4-H Club News with special reference to selected achievement, affiliation, and cooperation values}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Wisconsin - Madison}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lawrence J. Houghton} } @mastersthesis {8247, title = {An evaluation of 4-H work by former members with respect to its usefulness in adult life}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1959}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Chris Noles} } @mastersthesis {8243, title = {An evaluation of out-of-school time activities of high school students, DeSoto Parish}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1959}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Rayden P. Lee} } @mastersthesis {8232, title = {An evaluation of special farm editions in Missouri newspapers published in cooperation with county agent staffs}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Arthur Vincil Edwards} } @mastersthesis {8233, title = {An evaluation of teaching the 4-H electric project by the use of television}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Idaho}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Paul Kenneth Fanning} } @mastersthesis {8228, title = {An evaluation of the 4-H baby beef project in the northeast region of the United States}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Clinton A. Conant} } @mastersthesis {8262, title = {Evaluation of the home demonstration and 4-H girls programs in Pittsburg County, Oklahoma based on opinions of home demonstration club officers}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Elnora Pearl Winterfeldt} } @mastersthesis {8261, title = {Factors affecting participation in the junior leadership project in four selected southeastern Montana counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Allene Marie Willson} } @mastersthesis {8250, title = {Factors associated with background, selection, preparation and satisfaction of 4-H club leaders in Stanislaus County, California}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mary Clara Reagan} } @mastersthesis {8240, title = {Factors associated with livestock exhibitors and their exhibits, 1958}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1959}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {David L. Jones} } @article {7644, title = {Home demonstration members and their families}, year = {1959}, note = {also see circular 528 in Box 21}, pages = {17 pp.}, author = {Jewell Fessenden} } @mastersthesis {8258, title = {An investigation to discover recognized and unrecognized needs of local volunteer 4-H club leaders in Escambia, Orange and Pinellas Counties, Florida}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jo Ann Tilley} } @mastersthesis {8234, title = {Leadership theory and research applied to lay leadership in the Cooperative Extension Service at the county level}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ellen K. Garber} } @booklet {7138, title = {The learning experiences of youth groups: a study of 4-H clubs in Barbour County, West Virginia}, year = {1959}, author = {Leonard Marion Sizer} } @mastersthesis {8236, title = {Needs of youth, 4-H club work in selected countries, and the role of village workers and teachers in youth work in Punjab, India}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1959}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Dhara Singh Gill} } @mastersthesis {8221, title = {Organizational and operational procedures of extension program advisory councils: Characteristics of their council operations in selected counties in Oregon and Colorado}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Gordon L. Beckstrand} } @mastersthesis {8230, title = {Primary group influences on 4-H enrollment}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1959}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Merle Clark Cunningham} } @mastersthesis {8248, title = {The relation of selected farmers{\textquoteright} 4-H experience to their adoption of improved farm practices}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Wisconsin-Madison}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, address = {Madison, WI}, author = {Kenneth Sanford Olson} } @mastersthesis {8244, title = {Review of research on 4-H club activities}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1959}, note = {

Term paper for Ed. 245

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Charlene Lind} } @mastersthesis {8225, title = {Role expectations of county executive committee members in the Cooperative Agriculture and Home Economics Extension Service of Pennsylvania}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1959}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Bond Lose Bible} } @mastersthesis {8252, title = {The role of the 4-H club agent as administrator of the county 4-H program as perceived by the Wisconsin 4-H club agents}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {H. A. Reinecke} } @mastersthesis {8245, title = {A study of 4-H camping in Kentucky}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Kentucky}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Glen Robinson McCormack} } @mastersthesis {8241, title = {A study of 4-H club leader selection in nine counties in Kentucky}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ervine Clay Joseph} } @mastersthesis {8227, title = {A study of 4-H club leaders in Utah County, Utah and the sources through which they receive information}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ruth Elizabeth Brasher} } @mastersthesis {8231, title = {A study of personal social behavior of boys and girls in reorganized and non-reorganized school districts}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {William Dean Dowling} } @mastersthesis {8226, title = {A study of some factors that affect the attendance of men 4-H leaders at county-wide leader training meetings}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1959}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Robert Purdy Blatchley} } @mastersthesis {8239, title = {A study of the characteristics, functions and operation of state 4-H advisory committees in selected states}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {George Ellsworth Hull} } @mastersthesis {8235, title = {A study of the interests and value of 4-H club experiences as perceived by 4-H junior leaders in Ohio}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Wisconsin - Madison}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Albert F. Gehres} } @mastersthesis {8254, title = {A study of the needs and interests in career exploration of senior 4-H club members in five Virginia counties}, volume = {M.S,}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {George Edwin Russell} } @mastersthesis {8256, title = {A study of the personal and social behavior of sixth grade 4-H and non-4-H boys and girls in ten selected Wisconsin communities}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Kalpa Nath Singh} } @mastersthesis {8251, title = {A study of the recreational interests of different age and sex groups of 4-H club members in Marion County, Missouri}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Alice Lois Redman} } @mastersthesis {8259, title = {A study of thirty-five International Farm Youth Exchange (IFYE) host families in Idaho}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Thomas Floyd Trail} } @mastersthesis {8249, title = {A study of twenty-three county 4-H council organizations in Arkansas}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1959}, school = {Prairie View A\&M College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lawrence Leonard Phillips} } @mastersthesis {8229, title = {Suggested plan for analyzing the Nevada 4-H club program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Raymond C. Cox} } @mastersthesis {8224, title = {A time use study of selected California 4-H club advisors}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {James Ammi Beutel} } @mastersthesis {8242, title = {Training programs for adult leaders of out of school 4-H clubs}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Chicago}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Dewey S. Lantrip} } @mastersthesis {8220, title = {Training programs for volunteer adult leaders in 4-H clubs in Minnesota}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Minnesota}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Harold Keith Anderson} } @article {7691, title = {Who joins 4-H clubs? An analysis of the school and home backgrounds of 4-H club members and non-members in Wisconsin communities}, year = {1959}, note = {includes director{\textquoteright}s manual. Also in research summary No. 64, Sept. 1960, 6 pp.}, pages = {24 pp.}, author = {Burton W. Kreitlow and Lowell Pierce and Curtis O. Middleton} } @mastersthesis {8211, title = {An analysis of citizenship activities of 4-H club members in Puerto Rico}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1958}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Luis F. Martinez-Sandin} } @mastersthesis {8217, title = {An analysis of in-service training needs identified by county extension agents in Arkansas}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1958}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Randall K. Price} } @mastersthesis {8205, title = {An analysis of the relationship between awards and project enrollment in 4-H contests in the New Mexico 4-H club program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1958}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Tiny Faye Jones} } @mastersthesis {8190, title = {Characteristics of adolescent development useful in working with 4-H club members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1958}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Allison Douglas Aulenbacher} } @mastersthesis {8196, title = {A comparative analysis of members and dropouts in five senior rural 4-H clubs, East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, 1955-56}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1958}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Robert J. Dolan} } @mastersthesis {8212, title = {A comparison of family background and status between 4-H members who are in first and sixth grades in school in ten Wisconsin communities}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1958}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Curtis O. Middleton} } @mastersthesis {8215, title = {A comparison of mental ability and school achievement of 4-H club members and non-4-H members in ten Wisconsin communities}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1958}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lowell Lavern Pierce} } @mastersthesis {8192, title = {Concepts of the role of the 4-H project held by members in Monroe County, New York}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1958}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Joseph Carl Brownell} } @article {7728, title = {A description of county leader-training meetings in the western region 1955-56}, year = {1958}, month = {January 1958}, pages = {14 pp.}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky} } @article {7636, title = {Effects of competition on individual motivation and personal development: An interpretation of research}, year = {1958}, note = {Not specifically 4-H related}, month = {December 1958}, pages = {29 pp.}, author = {Glenn C. Dildine} } @mastersthesis {8191, title = {An evaluation by Dodge County 4-H members of sources of help provided them in their 4-H dairy projects}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1958}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {A. W. Brehm} } @mastersthesis {8197, title = {Evaluation of the influence in the selection of an area of study beyond the secondary school of former 4-H club girls in West Virginia, 1950-1957}, volume = {M.H.E.}, year = {1958}, note = {

Master of Home Economics degree

}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Elizabeth McNeill Dorsey} } @mastersthesis {8218, title = {An exploratory study of 4-H all stars in twenty-three Virginia counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1958}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Madison}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {J. Andrew Reynolds} } @mastersthesis {8194, title = {Factors associated with differential degrees of identification with the Extension homemakers{\textquoteright} clubs}, volume = {M.Sc.}, year = {1958}, note = {

Master of Science

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Gelia T. Castillo} } @mastersthesis {8200, title = {Factors indicating Minnesota County Extension Committee members{\textquoteright} understanding of their functions}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1958}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Frank William Forbes} } @mastersthesis {8216, title = {Factors influencing county participation in the International Farm Youth Exchange (IFYE) program in New York State}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1958}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Warren Leslie Prawl} } @article {7452, title = {Factors relating to the accuracy of adult leaders{\textquoteright} judgements of social acceptance in Community youth}, journal = {Child Development}, volume = {29}, year = {1958}, month = {September 1958}, pages = {417-424}, abstract = {Adult judges were 36 women serving as volunteer leaders of 22 home economics 4-H clubs with 263 members. Experience factors did not affect the accuracy of judgements of these community group leaders. The larger the clubs, the less the accuracy.}, author = {Helen R. Marshall} } @article {7635, title = {Impact of a 4-H television series}, year = {1958}, pages = {57 pp. and instrument}, author = {Paul J. Deutschmann and John T. McNelly} } @mastersthesis {8204, title = {Increasing length of service of 4-H club leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1958}, school = {Colorado State A\&M College [Colorado State University]}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {H. Homma} } @booklet {6954, title = {Kansas rural institutions. XIV, Humboldt 4-H club}, year = {1958}, author = {F. D. Farrell} } @mastersthesis {8207, title = {Major aspects of the development of 4-H club work in Canada}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1958}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Echo Leonore Ruth Lidster} } @mastersthesis {8202, title = {The nature of the junior leadership program as seen by the junior leaders in two-agent counties in northeastern area of South Dakota}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1958}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Henrietta Gohring} } @mastersthesis {8208, title = {The organization and function of parish 4-H club executive committees.}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1958}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Emmett L. Long} } @mastersthesis {8195, title = {Participation of 4-H Key Club members in leadership of 4-H club programs in Oklahoma}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1958}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Catherine June Cook} } @mastersthesis {8209, title = {Participation of older members in 4-H clubs in selected counties in South Dakota}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1958}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Mary Frances Lyle} } @article {7453, title = {Prediction of social acceptance in community youth}, journal = {Child Development}, volume = {29}, year = {1958}, month = {June 1958}, pages = {173-184}, abstract = {SiX hypotheses were developed indictively from empiracle evidence. Groups in study were 4-H clubs. Two hundred and seventy girls at a regular club meeting were surveyed}, author = {Helen R. Marshall} } @mastersthesis {8188, title = {Promotional campaigns: National 4-H club week, Saline County, KS}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1958}, school = {Unknown}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Dale Apel} } @mastersthesis {8189, title = {Relation of 4-H club participation to continuation of out-of-school education}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1958}, school = {Iowa State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ronald Frazier Aronson} } @mastersthesis {8199, title = {The relation of agricultural education to adoption of farm practices by young farm operators}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1958}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {A. J. Estep} } @mastersthesis {8201, title = {A review of the present 4-H foods and nutrition program for Kansas 4-H club members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1958}, school = {Kansas State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Louella Nan Franks} } @mastersthesis {8187, title = {The role of the assistant county agent as perceived by 4-H adult and junior leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1958}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {George F Aker} } @mastersthesis {8213, title = {Some factors that influence the use of the method demonstration by 4-H club members as a club activity in the Wisconsin 4-H club program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1958}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Hubert J. Mocadlo} } @mastersthesis {8198, title = {A study of 4-H leader effectiveness}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1958}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mary Jane Ellis} } @mastersthesis {8214, title = {A study of 4-H leadership training needs as identified by local 4-H club leaders in Manitoba}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1958}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {J. Frank Muirhead} } @booklet {7095, title = {A study of how state 4-H staff members spent their working time}, year = {1958}, pages = {31 pp.}, author = {Robert R. Pinches} } @mastersthesis {8203, title = {A study of relationships between school officials and the 4-H club program in Louisiana}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1958}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kellett W. Hathorn} } @mastersthesis {8193, title = {A study of the effectiveness of a handbook for teaching New York State 4-H club executive committee members{\textquoteright} knowledge and understanding of their responsibilities}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1958}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Harold Edison Carley} } @mastersthesis {8219, title = {A study of the members of the rural 4-H clubs of Beltrani County, Minnesota, to determine the relationship of the parents{\textquoteright} occupation to the choice of projects}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1958}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Merle Sherman} } @booklet {7208, title = {A survey of the 4-H junior leader project in three southeastern Montana counties: Research plan}, year = {1958}, author = {Allene Marie Willson} } @mastersthesis {8210, title = {Survey of training needs of Illinois local 4-H club leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1958}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Richard O. Lyon} } @mastersthesis {8206, title = {Value patterns and the family in a rural community}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1958}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {George Alan Lee} } @mastersthesis {8170, title = {4-H advisors{\textquoteright} concepts of their roles: A study of the opinions of seventy 4-H club advisors in California}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1957}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Dorothy E. Duncan} } @mastersthesis {8174, title = {An analysis of the 4-H home assistance project in Minnesota}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1957}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Evelyn D. Harne} } @mastersthesis {8166, title = {An analysis of the importance of 4-H club program content and need for assistance as identified by county extension workers and state 4-H club staff in Ohio}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1957}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Beatrice J. Cleveland} } @mastersthesis {8186, title = {An analysis of the importance of 4-H club program content and the need for assistance as identified by Illinois county advisers}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1957}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Hubert J. Wetzel} } @mastersthesis {8171, title = {An analysis of the importance of 4-H program content and need for assistance as identified by county extension agents in Kentucky}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1957}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {J. C. Feltner} } @mastersthesis {8182, title = {Approaches, ways or patterns of doing young men and women{\textquoteright}s programs}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1957}, school = {USDA Graduate School}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Patricia Redhage} } @article {7726, title = {Boosting 4-H enrollment: Meeting the basic needs of first year 4-H members}, year = {1957}, month = {11/1957}, pages = {11 pages}, institution = {United States Department of Agriculture, Federal Extension Service}, address = { Washington, DC}, url = {https://archive.org/details/CAT31303366}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky} } @booklet {7032, title = {Evaluation of the Lucas County 4-H adult advisor training meeting: The first step in a complete evaluation of the county 4-H club advisors training program}, year = {1957}, author = {Duane Burnell Lau} } @mastersthesis {8167, title = {An exploration of 4-H club leader training programs with a suggested program for Maryland}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1957}, note = {

Seminar paper

}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Charlotte A. Conaway} } @mastersthesis {8173, title = {Factors associated with urban 4-H club work in selected parishes}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1957}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Edward William Gassie} } @mastersthesis {8175, title = {Financial support of 4-H club work in South Dakota, 1955-56}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1957}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Frank J. Heitland} } @mastersthesis {8183, title = {Health activities for 4-H club members in Franklin Parish, Louisiana}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1957}, school = {Kansas State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {George Lee Durbin Sanders} } @article {7706, title = {A history of work with young men and women in the states and nation}, year = {1957}, note = {Bibliography of young men and women studies}, pages = {53 pp.}, author = {F. L. McReynolds} } @mastersthesis {8184, title = {The influence of 4-H club work on the acceptance of approved dairy, corn and small grain practices by parents of club members in Cass County, Michigan}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1957}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Edward F. Schlutt} } @article {7729, title = {Meeting the basic needs of first-year 4-H members}, year = {1957}, note = {bibliography}, pages = {11 pp.}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky} } @mastersthesis {8176, title = {Methods of presenting 4-H club awards in New Mexico}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1957}, note = {

Ed 535

}, school = {New Mexico Western College}, type = {Thesis}, author = {John W. Hinrichs} } @mastersthesis {8165, title = {Objectives and policies for Ohio 4-H club camps}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1957}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Seifrid Paul Bruny} } @mastersthesis {8168, title = {A review of selected literature on leadership and a consideration of its relationship to the 4-H program}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1957}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Harlan Gene Copeland} } @mastersthesis {8164, title = {Rural community clubs in Tennessee - Their bearing on the adoption of farm and home practices}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1957}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Howard Jacob Bonsner} } @mastersthesis {8169, title = {Sociocultural factors related to retention of adolescents in 4-H in selected Wyoming counties}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1957}, school = {University of Wyoming}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Calvert Renaul Dodge} } @mastersthesis {8178, title = {A study of comparative attitudes of agents towards 4-H club work in Colorado, Kansas, Michigan and Missouri}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1957}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lawrence J. McMillan} } @mastersthesis {8177, title = {A study of FFA and 4-H participation in grain exhibits at Nebraska fairs and shows during 1956}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1957}, school = {University of Nebraska}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Donald Jay Lehr} } @mastersthesis {8181, title = {A study of how to get parent cooperation in 4-H club work}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1957}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Maryland and USDA Graduate School}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {William Francis Pressly} } @mastersthesis {8180, title = {A study of the characteristics of an extension program that will meet the needs of rural young men and women in Kentucky}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1957}, school = {University of Kentucky}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {J. W. Poe} } @mastersthesis {8179, title = {A study of the group activity interests among a sample of rural youth adults in Minnesota}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1957}, school = {University of Minnesota}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Robert R. Pinches} } @mastersthesis {8185, title = {A survey of 4-H club projects selected during the past ten years by Negro girls in Louisiana}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1957}, school = {Kansas State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Vivian Yancy Smith} } @mastersthesis {8172, title = {Types, frequency and usefulness of contacts of county extension agents with 4-H club leaders, Whitman County, Washington}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1957}, school = {State College of Washington [Washington State University]}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Doris Elizabeth Frazier} } @mastersthesis {8148, title = {An appraisal of the 4-H tractor maintenance project in three Ohio counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1956}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {William Elmer Gill} } @mastersthesis {8152, title = {An appraisal of the effectiveness of 4-H club work: With recommendations for improving the program in Grimes County, Texas}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1956}, school = {Prairie View A\&M College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carrie Jenkins Loudd} } @mastersthesis {8140, title = {Background and design for a study of vitality factors in 4-H club work}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1956}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Edward William Aiton} } @mastersthesis {8161, title = {A comparison of systems of final placing of contestants in rural youth contests}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1956}, school = {University of Massachusetts}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Frederick N. Trimm} } @booklet {7207, title = {Effectiveness of a clothing handbook in teaching 4-H club members: A study of the use of an illustrated handbook and other sources of help in the 4-H clothing project}, year = {1956}, author = {Eugene A. Wilkening and Robert Crowthers Clark and Lenore L. Landry} } @mastersthesis {8158, title = {An evaluation of the success of the rural youth program in South Dakota}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1956}, school = {South Dakota State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John D. Orr} } @mastersthesis {8145, title = {An exploratory study of factors associated with adult residence and occupation of rural youth graduating from two Michigan high schools}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1956}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Eugene F. Dice} } @booklet {7118, title = {Extension agent{\textquoteright}s use of time as carried out by Connecticut 4-H county club agent}, year = {1956}, note = {Also a preliminary report was printed for discussion only in October 1954}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky} } @article {7629, title = {Factors associated with reenrollment in 4-H clubs}, year = {1956}, month = {February 1956}, pages = {40 pp.}, author = {James H. Copp and Robert Crowthers Clark} } @mastersthesis {8157, title = {Factors relating to influencing 4-H member reenrollment in four Pennsylvania counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1956}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Edward August Mintmier} } @mastersthesis {8151, title = {A follow-up study of the occupational pursuits of participants in 4-H club work in Okmulgee County, Okmulgee, Oklahoma from 1940-1955}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1956}, school = {Prairie View A\&M College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {D. P. Lilly} } @mastersthesis {8159, title = {A history of 4-H club work in Texas}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1956}, school = {Prairie View A\&M College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {George L. Smith Jr.} } @mastersthesis {8162, title = {History of the home management program of the Minnesota Cooperative Agriculture Extension Service}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1956}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Virginia E. White} } @booklet {6910, title = {Implications of 4-H studies on 4-H enrollment and reenrollment}, year = {1956}, author = {Marie M. Bishop and Gerald Artis Lineweaver and R. Lawrence} } @mastersthesis {8154, title = {Improving 4-H junior leadership training in Ohio}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1956}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Robert William McCormick} } @mastersthesis {8149, title = {Individual member and club participation in Kentucky 4-H awards program, 1953-55}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1956}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Margaret Gulley} } @mastersthesis {8141, title = {Influence of program content on the decision of girls, age 14, 15, and 16 to re-enroll in 4-H club work}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1956}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Marie M. Bishop} } @mastersthesis {8156, title = {Job satisfaction and prestige as they affect tenure of 4-H extension workers}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1956}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Harry L. Miller} } @article {7841, title = {Making 4-H awards: Comparison of the numerical and group judging systems}, year = {1956}, pages = {7 pp.}, author = {H. M. Jones and B. E. Colby and A. J. Healey and A. H. Fuller} } @mastersthesis {8163, title = {Methods of establishing and promoting 4-H club work in urban areas}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1956}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Marie Angela Wolfe} } @mastersthesis {8143, title = {The opinions of Florida County Agricultural Extension agents regarding the emphasis, organization and administration of a 4-H club camp program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1956}, school = {Florida State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Martha Burdine} } @mastersthesis {8144, title = {Relationships between the need for belonging and some factors in the organization and programs of four selected 4-H clubs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1956}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Elizabeth Carol Davies} } @mastersthesis {8146, title = {Selected principles of administrative organization and their application to the State 4-H Club Department in Michigan}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1956}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Dorothy Erler} } @mastersthesis {8153, title = {Some factors affecting the tenure of 4-H club agents in Wisconsin}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1956}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John Mitchell Mackey} } @mastersthesis {8150, title = {Some factors associated with the functions of a county 4-H Committee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1956}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Maynard C. Heckel} } @mastersthesis {8160, title = {A study of 4-H clubs in Brazos County with recommendations for meeting the needs of youth in a democracy in Brazos County, Texas}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1956}, school = {Prairie View A\&M College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Fannie J. Taylor} } @mastersthesis {8142, title = {A study of present 4-H programs}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1956}, note = {

USDA 4-H Fellow
Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Marvin Walter Boss} } @mastersthesis {8147, title = {A study of the Elizabeth C. Hernick Senior 4-H club of Clinton, Maryland}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1956}, note = {

USDA 4-H Fellow
Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ella Margaret Fazzalari} } @booklet {6896, title = {A survey of the impact of the International Farm Youth Exchange (IFYE) program at the Ohio State University}, year = {1956}, note = {In cooperation with the National 4-H Club Foundation}, month = {May 1956}, author = {Wade Andrews and Walter Miller} } @mastersthesis {8155, title = {Values of recreation in 4-H club work}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1956}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jane L. Merry} } @mastersthesis {8133, title = {4-H awards study}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1955}, note = {

1,000 page study

}, school = {Harvard University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Mary R. Rapp} } @booklet {6931, title = {The 4-H leadership project: An evaluation of 239 records}, year = {1955}, author = {G. J. Cummings} } @mastersthesis {8132, title = {Analyzing work with groups of older youth}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1955}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {William Ray Miller} } @mastersthesis {8135, title = {Attitudes and experiences of ten- and eleven-year-old 4-H club members enrolled in clothing projects in McLean County, Illinois in 1953, with implications for program planning}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1955}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Lucile Hieser Sevoian} } @mastersthesis {8139, title = {Attitudes and opinions relating to the 4-H junior leadership program in South Dakota}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1955}, school = {South Dakota State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John F. Younger} } @mastersthesis {8123, title = {A comparison of the development of social responsibility in rural boys and girls}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1955}, school = {University of Minnesota}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {R. Conzemius} } @article {7872, title = {Completion for what? A look at completion procedures in 4-H club work}, year = {1955}, note = {

Study undertaken during sabbatical leave

}, pages = {22 pp.}, author = {Paul C. Barker} } @mastersthesis {8125, title = {Completions in 4-H club work}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1955}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Bronna Mae Elkins} } @mastersthesis {8124, title = {County Extension program development: Case histories of twelve counties}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1955}, school = {Harvard University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Vernon W. Darter} } @mastersthesis {8127, title = {Effectiveness of the 4-H club program in Story County, Iowa}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1955}, school = {Iowa State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carlyle Jay Gauger} } @mastersthesis {8120, title = {An evaluation of 4-H club meetings in selected clubs of four Wisconsin counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1955}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lawrence John Biever} } @mastersthesis {8130, title = {An evaluation of the experimental 4-H club project teenage talkover in Rensselaer County, New York}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1955}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Vincent Joseph McAuliffe} } @mastersthesis {8138, title = {An evaluation of the Nebraska rural youth}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1955}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Don Koenig Wiles} } @article {9939, title = {Extension Teaching Methods: and other factors that influence adoption of agricultural and home economics practices}, volume = {495}, year = {1955}, month = {August 1955}, pages = {80 pages}, publisher = {University of Missouri. Extension}, address = {Columbia, MO}, keywords = {home economics, teaching}, url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10355/50569}, author = {Meredith C. Wilson}, editor = {Gallup Gladys} } @mastersthesis {8122, title = {Factors associated with reenrollment in 4-H clubs in Rock County, Wisconsin}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1955}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Frank Nelson Campbell} } @mastersthesis {8121, title = {Factors associated with training 4-H club volunteer leader, Louisiana, 1954}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1955}, note = {

Some give 1957 as the date

}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Edgar J. Boone} } @mastersthesis {8131, title = {Factors related to occupational choice of rural farm male high school graduates}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1955}, school = {University of Minnesota}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Keith Neilson McFarland} } @mastersthesis {8137, title = {Functions of county 4-H club councils in Kentucky, 1954}, volume = {M.A.E.}, year = {1955}, note = {
  1. Master Agricultural Extension degree
  2. May have been published in 1955
}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Boyd E. Wheeler} } @mastersthesis {8128, title = {Guide for the selection of 4-H projects in Brazoria County}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1955}, school = {Prairie View A\&M College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Hezekiah Lee Hubbard} } @mastersthesis {8126, title = {Implications of two specific human development concepts for the job of Florida assistant state girls{\textquoteright} 4-H club agent}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1955}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Bronna Mae Elkins} } @mastersthesis {8136, title = {Interest of ten to twenty-one year old boys and girls and implications for 4-H program content}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1955}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Rita L. Sullivan} } @booklet {7210, title = {Pennsylvania{\textquoteright}s rural youth express their opinions}, year = {1955}, author = {Paul B. Wilson and Roy C. Buck} } @proceedings {6880, title = {Report of Western 4-H state leaders{\textquoteright} study of 4-H club work}, year = {1955}, month = {July 20-22, 1955}, pages = {26}, address = {Ft. Collins, CO}, author = {USDA and Cooperating States}, editor = {E. Schwarz and K. Kay} } @mastersthesis {8129, title = {A study of 4-H club local lay leaders}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1955}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Donna Jane Kragh} } @mastersthesis {8134, title = {A study of the effects of 4-H council variations on county 4-H club programs in New York State}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1955}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Harry K. Schwarzweller} } @article {7926, title = {Survey of factors causing drop-outs and of program interests of older club members in Union County, Iowa, 1955}, year = {1955}, institution = {unknown}, address = {Union County, IA}, author = {Richard Thuma} } @booklet {7218, title = {Youth lead the way in 4-H club work}, year = {1955} } @mastersthesis {8110, title = {The 4-H clubs and banking}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1954}, school = {Rutgers University}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Joseph A. Milner} } @mastersthesis {8104, title = {4-H home improvement program and relation of content to interests of girls in two New York State counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1954}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Barbara Jane Kendrick} } @mastersthesis {8112, title = {4-H members speak up about awards and incentives}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1954}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kenneth Sanford Olson} } @mastersthesis {8114, title = {The adolescent peer culture, some implications for working with 4-H clubs}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1954}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lynn Louis Pesson} } @booklet {7116, title = {An analysis of an evaluation of the International Farm Youth Exchange, 1952; made through the use of "before" and "after" tests given the young men and women}, year = {1954}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky} } @mastersthesis {8113, title = {An analysis of the St Mary Parish junior leader program}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1954}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lynn Louis Pesson} } @mastersthesis {8119, title = {The effect of the peer group on the reenrollment of pre-adolescent 4-H members}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1954}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Russell W. Smith} } @mastersthesis {8108, title = {The effectiveness of a 4-H club clothing handbook under different methods of use}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1954}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lenore Louise Landry} } @booklet {7117, title = {An evaluation of the special Indian section of the International Farm Youth Exchange (IFYE) project in Pickaway County, Ohio in 1953}, year = {1954}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky} } @mastersthesis {8099, title = {History of 4-H club work in Oklahoma}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1954}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Paul Grundy Adams} } @mastersthesis {8109, title = {Improving training for volunteer local 4-H club leaders in California}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1954}, school = {University of Chicago}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {William G. Marders} } @article {7850, title = {Information which might give a few clues as to effectiveness of American International Farm Youth Exchange delegates abroad (Europe): Taken from interviews by European young people with European host family members and neighbors...}, year = {1954}, month = {September 1954}, publisher = { Federal Extension Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture}, address = {Washington, DC}, url = {https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015042401367}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky and [Laurel] [Kingsley]} } @mastersthesis {8118, title = {A literature review on the "nature of leadership" and its implications for a training program}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1954}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ruth Ann Seacord} } @article {7803, title = {The New England Pilot Project for work with young men and women: An action research project in three towns in Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire, 1951-1954}, year = {1954}, month = {September 1954}, pages = {350 pp.}, author = {USDA and Cooperating New England States and Sears Roebuck} } @mastersthesis {8115, title = {Reaching the peer group needs of 4-H club members through the activity and project approaches to 4-H club work in Upshur County, West Virginia}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1954}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Betty J. Pingley} } @mastersthesis {8106, title = {The role of the Riverside 4-H Club in meeting the developmental needs of the peer group process in 1952}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1954}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Eldora E. Keske} } @mastersthesis {8117, title = {Some fundamental principles of program building and a suggested procedure for integrating the agricultural, home economics, and 4-H programs in Somerset County, Maine}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1954}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Noreen Angela Ray} } @mastersthesis {8103, title = {A study of 4-H club camping}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1954}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Martha Roberts Harrison} } @mastersthesis {8100, title = {A study of factors associated with 4-H club reenrollment}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1954}, school = {University of Wisconsin-Madison}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, address = {Madison, WI}, author = {James Harris Copp} } @mastersthesis {8107, title = {A study of the Dane County Wisconsin 4-H junior leaders{\textquoteright} council}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1954}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {William James Kimball} } @mastersthesis {8111, title = {A study of the International Farm Youth Exchange (IFYE) program in Mexico}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1954}, school = {Michigan State College of Agriculture and Applied Science}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Frank Comstock Nall} } @mastersthesis {8101, title = {A study of the tenure of Missouri 4-H members}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1954}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Fran Graham} } @mastersthesis {8105, title = {A study of two 4-H clubs in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin to determine factors important to their success or failure}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1954}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Eldora E. Keske} } @mastersthesis {8102, title = {A survey of some of the factors in holding boys and girls in 4-H club work and retaining adults in leadership responsibilities}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1954}, school = {Kansas State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {J. B. Hanna} } @mastersthesis {8116, title = {Upshur county 4-H camp as a socializing agency}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1954}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Betty J. Pingley} } @article {7735, title = {The use of 4-H club agents{\textquoteright} time in Connecticut, 1953-1954}, year = {1954}, pages = {39 pp.}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky} } @article {7640, title = {4-H contest competition: A study of the practices followed in preparing judges, agents, leaders and members for the 4-H contests in which they participate, and some effects of participation on leaders and members}, year = {1953}, note = {includes instrument}, month = {May 1953}, pages = {50 pp.}, author = {C. M. Edwards} } @mastersthesis {8088, title = {4-H contest participation}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1953}, note = {

Also published in Review of Extension Research 493, USDA, 1954

}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carlton W. Edwards} } @mastersthesis {8085, title = {A case study of 4-H club work among Negro 4-H clubs in St. Martin Parish, Louisiana}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1953}, school = {Catholic University of America}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sister Mary Theodore Beazley} } @mastersthesis {8087, title = {The development of 4-H club work in South Carolina}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1953}, school = {Clemson University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lila Evans Clayton} } @mastersthesis {8094, title = {Development of tests as one measure of determining the effectiveness of 4-H club bulletin as a teaching device}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1953}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {M. J. Mosher} } @article {7790, title = {Factors for successful club work: A guide for county extension agents}, year = {1953}, pages = {20 pp. includes data from case studies}, author = {University of Tennessee} } @article {7630, title = {Findings from studies of bulletins, news stories and circular letters}, year = {1953}, note = {bibliography of studies; earlier edition circular 461}, author = {Lucinda Crile} } @mastersthesis {8095, title = {Growth in awareness and use of management resources through home projects}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1953}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Marjorie Read} } @mastersthesis {8089, title = {Increasing the effectiveness of 4-H in-service training}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1953}, note = {

1954?

}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lindsay, Charline} } @booklet {7036, title = {Increasing the effectiveness of 4-H in-service training (Missouri)}, year = {1953}, author = {Lindsay, Charline} } @mastersthesis {8097, title = {Leadership in the 4-H tractor maintenance program: An appraisal of the tractor maintenance programs in five midwestern states}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1953}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lloyd L. Rutledge} } @mastersthesis {8090, title = {Leadership qualifications of advisers of Negro 4-H club boys in Georgia}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1953}, school = {Iowa State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Morris Clifford Little} } @booklet {7057, title = {Motivating youth through the 4-H program: The place of competition and awards}, year = {1953}, pages = {37 pp.}, author = {Julia E. Morgan and Robert Crowthers Clark} } @mastersthesis {8091, title = {My sixth year of 4-H club work related to developmental needs of adolescence}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1953}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Rhonwyn Lowry} } @booklet {7115, title = {The opinions expressed by international farm youth exchanges toward the countries they visited, before and after their visits}, year = {1953}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky} } @mastersthesis {8086, title = {Opinions of members and leaders concerning the effectiveness of awards in the 4-H program in Iowa}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1953}, school = {Iowa State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {George Emmanuel Boehnke} } @article {7843, title = {The place of 4-H club work in urban areas}, year = {1953}, pages = {29 pp.}, author = {T. T. Martin} } @mastersthesis {8098, title = {Relationship of sources of information as indicated by 4-H club clothing project girls to their performance on measures of knowledge skills and interests in clothing}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1953}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {C. M. Trewartha} } @article {7762, title = {Report of the New England pilot project for work with young men and women, Dec. 15, 1951-December 31, 1952 (Connecticut, Massachusetts and New Hampshire)}, year = {1953}, note = {mimeograph}, pages = {approx. 50 pp., photographs}, author = {E. Sommerfeld and W. Miller} } @mastersthesis {8093, title = {Some functions of awards in a country 4-H dairy program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1953}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Chester N. McGrew} } @booklet {7114, title = {A study of the International Farm Youth Exchange, 1953}, year = {1953}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky} } @mastersthesis {8096, title = {A study of the teaching situation of the 4-H club leader in relation to the 4-H club program in New York State}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1953}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Janet Carolyn Reed} } @mastersthesis {8092, title = {What Extension agents can expect of adult local leaders in 4-H training programs}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1953}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Rhonwyn Lowry} } @mastersthesis {8075, title = {4-H club of Clinton, MD}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1952}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Senior Hernick} } @booklet {7140, title = {Activities and problems of Washington 4-H clubs: A report on 1950-51 experience of 567 clubs}, year = {1952}, author = {Walter L. Slocum} } @mastersthesis {8073, title = {An approach to the study of lay leadership in the Agricultural Extension Service}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1952}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Raymond T. Fox} } @mastersthesis {8077, title = {Attitudes of young men and women toward the older rural youth program in Columbiana County, Ohio}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1952}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {William Gilbert Kneisel} } @article {7848, title = {Comparisons of school and non-school 4-H clubs}, year = {1952}, note = {prepared by Laurel K. Sabrosky}, month = {January 1952}, author = {Ward F. Porter Jr. and C. C. Anderson} } @booklet {7113, title = {Comparisons of school and non-school 4-H clubs}, year = {1952}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky} } @article {7861, title = {Comparisons of school and non-school 4-H clubs in West Virginia (Report of Phase I)}, year = {1952}, month = {January 1952}, author = {West Virginia University} } @mastersthesis {8081, title = {Developing 4-H club leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1952}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Cal Graham Monroe} } @mastersthesis {8078, title = {Developing 4-H club members as potential customers of rural banks in western Pennsylvania}, volume = {Certificate}, year = {1952}, school = {Stonier Graduate School of Banking}, type = {Thesis}, author = {William C. Knox} } @mastersthesis {8072, title = {The educational interest of 4-H club leaders in home grounds beautification in Campbell County, Virginia}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1952}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Charlie Anderson Elliott} } @article {7626, title = {Extension workers study of 4-H local leaders}, year = {1952}, pages = {29 pp.}, author = {Robert Crowthers Clark} } @mastersthesis {8083, title = {Factors affecting 4-H club enrollment in Colorado}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1952}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State A\&M College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {A. Sandstead} } @booklet {6925, title = {Factors for successful 4-H club work}, year = {1952}, author = {Leon O. Clayton and others} } @article {7734, title = {Factors which contribute toward successful 4-H club work in counties and communities in 12 Southern states and Puerto Rico}, year = {1952}, month = {February 1952}, pages = {41 pp.}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky} } @mastersthesis {8070, title = {A follow-up study of the status of 4-H club farmers from 1941 to 1951 in Newton County, Texas}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1952}, school = {Prairie View A\&M College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Roosevelt Coleman} } @mastersthesis {8080, title = {A guide for planning recreational activities in 4-H club camps}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1952}, school = {Columbia University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Mary Kate Miller} } @mastersthesis {8079, title = {Membership and program relationships of 4-H club work and vocational agriculture in Ohio}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1952}, note = {

Title spells agriculture \"agruculture\"

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Howard Miller} } @mastersthesis {8082, title = {Parental attitudes and their relationships to 4-H club work}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1952}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Luella A. Pratt} } @mastersthesis {8071, title = {Project completion as related to the financing of 4-H club agricultural projects}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1952}, school = {Iowa State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Stanley Davidson} } @mastersthesis {8076, title = {Some factors involved in the non-reenrollment of first-year 4-H club boys in Baltimore, Harford, Howard and Montgomery Counties, Maryland}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1952}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Merle L. Howes} } @mastersthesis {8084, title = {A study of selected characteristics of forty-five successful young men and women{\textquoteright}s extension groups from eleven different states}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1952}, school = {George Washington University}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Elaine Skucius} } @mastersthesis {8074, title = {A study of the selection, the training and the work done by local adult volunteer leaders in the home demonstration and 4-H phases of the extension program in a selected (Sullivan) county in Tennessee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1952}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Atsuko Fukumori} } @mastersthesis {8068, title = {The 4-H club: An organizational analysis}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1951}, school = {Harvard University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Ward F. Porter Jr.} } @book {9991, title = {The 4-H story: a history of 4-H club work}, year = {1951}, pages = {310}, publisher = {National Committee on Boys and Girls Club Work ; Iowa State College Press}, organization = {National Committee on Boys and Girls Club Work ; Iowa State College Press}, address = {Chicago, Ill. : Ames, Iowa}, keywords = {4-H clubs, History, National 4-H Service Committee}, url = {https://archive.org/details/4hstoryhistoryof0000reck}, author = {Reck, Franklin M.} } @article {7732, title = {Case studies of 203 nonreenrolled first year 4-H club members}, year = {1951}, note = {1950 data available in Box 21 Nat{\textquoteright}l Archives, pub. 898 (9-50)}, month = {July 1951}, pages = {22 pp.}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky} } @article {7705, title = {Developing effective 4-H leader training programs: A special investigation problem}, year = {1951}, pages = {15 pp.}, author = {Aleta McDowell} } @mastersthesis {8067, title = {Developing effective 4-H leader training programs: A special investigation problem}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1951}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Aleta McDowell} } @mastersthesis {8069, title = {An exploratory study of local leader and extension agent opinion on the value of incentive and award programs in 4-H club work in the upper peninsula of Michigan}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1951}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Benjamin Westrate} } @mastersthesis {8064, title = {Factors affecting the development of urban 4-H club work}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1951}, school = {University of Chicago}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Margaret Francis Kohl} } @article {7702, title = {Practical methods of evaluation in 4-H club work}, year = {1951}, month = {November 1951}, author = {T. T. Martin} } @mastersthesis {8065, title = {A program of work for 4-H club boys in Panola County (Texas)}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1951}, school = {Prairie View A\&M College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Walter Arthur Lee (Jr.)} } @article {7755, title = {Second year re-enrollments in 4-H clubs in Whitman County, Washington}, year = {1951}, author = {Walter L. Slocum} } @article {8063, title = {A study of 4-H club leader training and a suggested plan for future development}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1951}, note = {

Course No. 295

}, author = {Joan Howell} } @mastersthesis {8066, title = {Study of national 4-H award winners}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1951}, school = {Colorado State A\&M College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Henry W. Longfellow} } @mastersthesis {8062, title = {A study of some of the factors associated with reenrollment of first year 4-H club members in Harrison County, West Virginia}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1951}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sarah Izerna Harmon} } @booklet {7112, title = {A study of the use of time by county 4-H club agents: Vermont 1950-51}, year = {1951}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky} } @article {7656, title = {Study of Young people in Keokuk County, 1948-49}, year = {1951}, month = {September 1951}, pages = {19 pp.}, author = {Harlan H. Geiger} } @article {7639, title = {A summary of a study of the mechanical preferences of boys and girls 10-20 years of age}, year = {1951}, month = {September 1951}, pages = {17 pp.}, author = {C. M. Edwards} } @booklet {7024, title = {Summary of the 4-H club teaching objectives and learning experiences: For use in a West Virginia Study of 4-H Club Organization and Methods}, year = {1951}, pages = {23 pp.}, author = {Laurel K. Labrosky} } @mastersthesis {8061, title = {The training given 4-H club leaders and its relation to the jobs they are asked to perform}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1951}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {William Chasler Cooper} } @article {7624, title = {Wayne County 4-H case study}, year = {1951}, pages = {12 pp.}, author = {Margaret Clark} } @mastersthesis {8055, title = {4-H leadership training}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1950}, school = {De Paul University}, type = {Thesis}, author = {James Hallinan} } @mastersthesis {8057, title = {Agricultural opportunity for rural youth in Calhoun County}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1950}, school = {Illinois State Normal University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {James V. McDonald} } @mastersthesis {8059, title = {Citizenship training for democracy as carried on in 4-H club work in Dane County, Wisconsin}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1950}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {James S. Spero} } @mastersthesis {8051, title = {A critical history of 4-H drama in Wisconsin}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1950}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Barbara S Alexander} } @mastersthesis {8052, title = {Developing a junior leadership program in Denver County}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1950}, school = {Colorado Agricultural and Mechanical College}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Robert D. Buck} } @booklet {7130, title = {Evaluation of 4-H club member achievement in 4-H beef feeding projects}, year = {1950}, author = {Dana Orlando Schrupp} } @booklet {7010, title = {Evaluation of state 4-H club camps - 1950}, year = {1950}, author = {A. H. Karcher Jr.} } @mastersthesis {8053, title = {Factors associated with performance of 4-H club volunteer leaders in New York State, 1946-48}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1950}, school = {Iowa State College}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Robert Crowthers Clark} } @book {9994, title = {The five H{\textquoteright}s }, year = {1950}, pages = {98}, publisher = {Orange Grove? Tex.}, organization = {Orange Grove? Tex.}, keywords = {Agriculture, Netherlands. 4-H clubs. International farm youth exchange project. Agriculture, Pays-Bas. Clubs 4-H. 4-H clubs. Agriculture. International farm youth exchange project}, url = {https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b3896969}, author = {Hranicky, Roy E. and White, Lois Belle} } @booklet {7124, title = {Here are some 4-H facts about getting more effective results from local leaders}, howpublished = {PA 116}, year = {1950}, note = {bibliography}, month = {July 1950}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky} } @mastersthesis {8058, title = {Study of problems of 4-H youth enrolled in grades 10-11-12 in five counties in Oklahoma}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1950}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Leta Townsend Moore} } @mastersthesis {8060, title = {A study of selected livestock auction sales for Future Farmers of America (FFA) and 4-H clubs}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1950}, school = {Sul Ross State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {E. E. Young} } @mastersthesis {8054, title = {A study of the family activity patterns of junior 4-H club members in Muscogee County, Georgia}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1950}, school = {Alabama Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Elizabeth Susan Taylor Gaines} } @mastersthesis {8056, title = {Survey of ten selected youth organizations in the United States}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1950}, note = {

Master of Education Degree

}, school = {University of Cincinnati}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sister Mary Teresa Hennegan} } @mastersthesis {8046, title = {The activities and adjustments of 4-H club and non-4-H club young women of Amherst County, Virginia}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1949}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lillian Robertson Livesay} } @mastersthesis {8041, title = {An analysis of the Montana 4-H builder{\textquoteright}s club: A program for 15 to 21 years}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1949}, school = {George Washington University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Geraldine G. Fenn} } @mastersthesis {8045, title = {Characteristics to be considered in the selection and training of leaders of boys{\textquoteright} 4-H clubs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1949}, school = {Iowa State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Gerald Artis Lineweaver} } @mastersthesis {8039, title = {Extension sponsored older rural youth groups in the northeastern Extension region}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1949}, school = {West Virginia State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carleton Paul Dorsey} } @booklet {7180, title = {History of the Maryland 4-H club all stars, 1921-1948}, year = {1949}, author = {Turner Timberlake} } @mastersthesis {8047, title = {Identifying activities of Montana 4-H beef club boys, sixteen to twenty-one years of age, which are related to behavior patterns and needs of youth}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1949}, note = {

Citations also exist for 1950

}, school = {George Washington University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Dana Orlando Schrupp} } @mastersthesis {8040, title = {The objectives of county 4-H club camping and the planning, organization and activities that help to meet them}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1949}, school = {George Washington University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Marjorie Jean Erp} } @mastersthesis {8042, title = {Opinions of farm young men and women in Keokuk County with reference to an extension program for young people}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1949}, school = {Iowa State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Harlan Ervan Geiger} } @mastersthesis {8049, title = {The pioneer state 4-H camp: Jackson{\textquoteright}s Mill}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1949}, school = {West Virginia State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Guy Harry Stewart} } @mastersthesis {8038, title = {Plan for developing the clothing program of 4-H clubs in New Mexico}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1949}, school = {Texas State College for Women [Texas Woman{\textquoteright}s University]}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Rheba Merle Boyles} } @booklet {7043, title = {The role of the 4-H club group in developing balanced youth on the farm}, year = {1949}, note = {Study 5}, month = {June 1949}, pages = {21 pp.}, author = {T. T. Martin} } @mastersthesis {8048, title = {The status and training of 4-H club leaders in relation to tenure}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1949}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {William Epes Skelton} } @mastersthesis {8044, title = {A study of selected leader training meetings for adult 4-H clubs leaders and factors contributing to their success}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1949}, school = {George Washington University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Roger Lee Lawrence} } @mastersthesis {8043, title = {An urban 4-H club program, Denver Colorado}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1949}, school = {Colorado Agricultural and Mechanical College}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Carl W. Herzman} } @mastersthesis {8050, title = {Views of junior leaders concerning satisfactions to be found in 4-H club membership}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1949}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {E. O. Troth} } @booklet {7123, title = {Western Region of 4-H club study of first-year members}, year = {1949}, note = {bibliography}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky and others} } @article {7712, title = {Western states study of 4-H club re-enrollment: Report of the second phase or county exploration for Bingham County, Idaho}, year = {1949}, pages = {12 pp.}, author = {E. Niederfrank and J. Barber} } @mastersthesis {8035, title = {4-H club handbook for extension agents in Virginia}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1948}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {William Epes Skelton} } @mastersthesis {8032, title = {A 4-H club local leaders{\textquoteright} handbook for Tennessee}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1948}, school = {George Washington University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {George Samuel Foster} } @mastersthesis {8031, title = {Case studies of successful county-wide, one-day events for 4-H club members}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1948}, month = {1948}, pages = {92 leaves}, school = {George Washington University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, keywords = {4-H clubs}, url = {https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/7628951}, author = {Dorothy Ruth Arvidson} } @article {7751, title = {Factors involved in organizing and conducting a sustained educational program for 4-H club members on the state, county and community levels}, year = {1948}, pages = {11 pp.}, author = {Erwin H. Shinn} } @booklet {7042, title = {The learning situation in 4-H club work}, howpublished = {Study 4, 45 pp.}, year = {1948}, pages = {45 pp.}, author = {T. T. Martin} } @mastersthesis {8034, title = {Leisure time activities of rural high school youth in Eastern Lincoln County, Washington}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1948}, school = {State College of Washington-Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carol M. Larson} } @mastersthesis {8033, title = {Meeting rural youth needs}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1948}, school = {Niagara University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Henry Robert Kunze} } @mastersthesis {8037, title = {Organization methods used in establishing 4-H club work in urban areas of New York State}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1948}, school = {Colorado Agricultural and Mechanical College}, type = {Thesis}, author = {John Lewis Stookey} } @mastersthesis {8036, title = {Recreating of the young people of a typical rural community}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1948}, school = {Indiana State Teachers College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Fay Wilson Smith} } @article {7620, title = {Report of a study of county-wide 4-H club events}, year = {1948}, author = {Dorothy Arvidson Buss} } @article {7700, title = {A Study of how to get parent cooperation in 4-H club work; Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Ohio, 1947}, number = {450}, year = {1948}, note = {

How to version published as \"Parents and 4-H club work : findings from an Extension study made in Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire and Ohio in 1947.\" 1950 edition published as Program Aid (United States. Department of Agriculture), no.95

}, month = {April 1948}, pages = {31 pp.}, institution = {United States. Extension Service}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/741477134}, author = {K. C. Lovejoy and Tena Bishop and Harley Leland and C. B. Wadleigh and Lorenzo. F. Kinney, Jr. and C. C. Lang and Laurel Sabrosky and Edward William Aiton} } @article {7897, title = {A study of the junior leadership program and its results}, year = {1948}, pages = {9 pp.}, author = {L. S. Kurtz} } @booklet {7006, title = {4-H club work and high school youth}, year = {1947}, month = {May 1947}, pages = {34 pp.}, address = {Massachusetts (?)}, author = {Horace M. Jones and M. P. Rowe and others} } @mastersthesis {8027, title = {The advisability of feeding club calves by FFA and 4-H club members in West Texas}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1947}, school = {Sul Ross State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Oliver Junior Bierschwale} } @mastersthesis {8029, title = {The development of girl{\textquoteright}s 4-H club work in Texas}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1947}, school = {University of Texas, Austin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Onah Jacks} } @mastersthesis {8030, title = {The economic significance of 4-H club work}, year = {1947}, school = {Rutgers University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Robert Rey Wendeler} } @mastersthesis {8028, title = {An investigation of the contribution to rural youth by the agricultural press during 1946 and 1947}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1947}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {David R. Bowers} } @booklet {7195, title = {Keeping high school youth in 4-H clubs: Study made in Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont in collaboration with USDA}, howpublished = {May 1947, a) page 5, b) complete report, c) summary}, year = {1947}, note = {

bibliography

}, author = {USDA and Cooperating States} } @booklet {7044, title = {The learning situation in 4-H club work. Extension study $\#$4.}, year = {1947}, author = {T. T. (?) Martin} } @booklet {7041, title = {The local 4-H club organization}, howpublished = {Study 3}, year = {1947}, note = {bibliography}, pages = {32 pp.}, author = {T. T. Martin} } @article {7792, title = {Some suggestions for 4-H club programs: Contributions by Federal Extension subject matter specialists}, year = {1947}, month = {[June 1947]}, pages = {41}, author = {USDA} } @article {7932, title = {10,000,000 youth: let{\textquoteright}s help them plain their future. A report of the activities of the National Advisory Group on 4-H postwar programs}, year = {1946}, note = {

A smaller edition was published in 1945.

}, month = {February 1946}, pages = {55 pp.}, institution = { U.S. Dept of Agriculture, Extension Service}, address = {Washington, DC}, url = {https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/85235020}, author = {M. L. Wilson} } @article {7744, title = {4-H club work in the 13 southern states and Puerto Rico}, year = {1946}, month = {February 1946}, pages = {11 pp.}, author = {Erwin H. Shinn} } @article {7745, title = {Progress and achievements in 4-H club work in 1945}, year = {1946}, month = {ES Circular 440}, pages = {12 pp.}, author = {Erwin H. Shinn} } @mastersthesis {8026, title = {A study of the county rural youth organization according to county volunteer leaders{\textquoteright} opinions}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1946}, school = {University of Illinois}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Warren Curtis Kenyon} } @mastersthesis {8021, title = {The contribution of 4-H club projects to an adequate diet}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1945}, school = {Boston University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Hazel A. Colburn} } @mastersthesis {8025, title = {Inventorying the recreational interests and needs of rural youth}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1945}, school = {University of North Carolina}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Leila H. Morrison} } @article {7842, title = {Junior leaders in the 4-H club program}, year = {1945}, month = {October 1945}, pages = {44 pp.}, author = {T. T. Martin} } @mastersthesis {8024, title = {Junior leaders in the 4-H club program}, year = {1945}, note = {

Graduate study, Rural Sociology

}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {T. T. Martin} } @article {7631, title = {Lay leadership in the Extension Service}, year = {1945}, month = {June 1945}, pages = {16 pp.}, author = {Lucinda Crile} } @mastersthesis {8022, title = {Observations of the rate of gain and feed requirements in the Minnesota 4-H ton litter project}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1945}, school = {University of Minnesota}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Norman Jerome Goodwin} } @mastersthesis {8023, title = {Operator replacements and youth opportunities on dairy farms in the Myrtle Point Community}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1945}, school = {Oregon State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Theodore Timothy Kirsce} } @booklet {6949, title = {Report of club agents time use}, year = {1945}, author = {Evaluation Committee} } @article {7727, title = {Statistical analysis of 4-H club work, 1914-1943}, year = {1945}, month = {June 1945}, pages = {35 pp.}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky} } @article {7780, title = {The 4-H clubs line up for Uncle Sam: National 4-H club report for 1943}, year = {1944}, pages = {15 pp.}, author = {Ray A. Turner} } @article {7703, title = {Needs of rural youth which can be met with 4-H club work}, year = {1944}, pages = {10 pp.}, author = {T. T. Martin} } @mastersthesis {8019, title = {Social participation and membership characteristics of farm youth in Cortland County, New York.}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1944}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {David B. Fales} } @mastersthesis {8020, title = {Study of 4-H clubs, Extension Service division of the United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., in relation to group work method}, year = {1944}, note = {

Diploma in Social Services Group Work

}, school = {National Catholic School of Social Services of Washington DC}, type = {Diploma Thesis}, author = {Gladys Gomien Caceres} } @mastersthesis {8018, title = {Christian ideals in the 4-H club program}, volume = {B.D.}, year = {1943}, school = {Duke University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {James William Merchant} } @article {7556, title = {Clothing and textile problems of rural homemakers and 4-H club girls}, journal = {Journal of Home Economics}, volume = {35}, year = {1943}, pages = {87-94}, url = {http://reader.library.cornell.edu/docviewer/digital?id=hearth4732504_35_002$\#$page/23/mode/1up}, author = {F. Stoll and M. Hensley and E. Sommerfeld and M. Brasie} } @booklet {7092, title = {4-H market livestock evaluation system for swine, lamb, beef: A "systems approach" to developing \& evaluating 4-H youth livestock projects.}, year = {1942}, author = {V. M. Peroutky} } @mastersthesis {8016, title = {Colored youth in rural Delaware: A study of their situations and interests with suggestions for improvement}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1942}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Harley Franklin Taylor} } @article {7650, title = {Educational growth in the 4-H sheep project}, year = {1942}, note = {includes instrument}, pages = {14 pp.}, author = {Fred P. Frutchey and Ernest Theodore Itschner} } @article {7651, title = {Evaluation in 4-H cotton demonstration Arkansas -1940}, year = {1942}, note = {includes instrument}, pages = {14 pp.}, author = {Fred P. Frutchey and W. J. Jernigan and W. M. Cooper} } @mastersthesis {8013, title = {History of the 4-H movement in West Virginia}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1942}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Archie Odes Church} } @mastersthesis {8015, title = {Organization and functions of county 4-H councils}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1942}, school = {George Washington University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {J. Harold Johnson} } @mastersthesis {8017, title = {Parent cooperation in 4-H club work}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1942}, note = {

USDA 4-H Fellow

}, school = {USDA Graduate School}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Erna Ruth Wildermuth} } @article {7752, title = {A study of 4-H club local leadership in Oklahoma}, year = {1942}, month = {Circular 383}, pages = {32 pp.}, author = {Erwin H. Shinn and Paul Grundy Adams and A. Carlson} } @booklet {6965, title = {A study of educational growth of 4-H food preservation club members-Massachusetts, 1939-40}, year = {1942}, author = {Fred P. Frutchey and Tena Bishop} } @mastersthesis {8014, title = {A survey of the room improvement and other household administration 4-H club projects in the United States, Puerto Rico and Hawaii}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1942}, school = {Oregon State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Verona Adkisson Coates} } @article {7682, title = {Whither rural youth (study)}, year = {1942}, month = {April 1942}, pages = {33 pp.}, author = {F. R. Keeler and D. Rehl and Sower, C.} } @article {7674, title = {4-H club and older youth studies, 1940-41: Summaries, findings, bibliography, studies in progress}, year = {1941}, pages = {30 pp}, author = {Barnard D. Joy and L. Crile} } @mastersthesis {8012, title = {A comparative study of selected attitudes of rural and town high school seniors}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1941}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Ibrahim Yasa} } @article {7851, title = {Cooperative 4-H houses on college campuses}, year = {1941}, pages = {24 pp.}, author = {Ruth Lomann Smith} } @mastersthesis {8010, title = {Educational advantages of the Tovrea calf club}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1941}, school = {Arizona State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Neuman C. Larkin} } @article {7652, title = {Educational growth in the 4-H clothing project, Missouri, 1939-40}, year = {1941}, note = {includes instrument}, month = {April 1942}, pages = {14 pp. and 7 pp. instrument}, author = {Fred P. Frutchey and Helen L. Church} } @article {7352, title = {Educational growth in the 4-H dairy project, Massachusetts, 1939-40}, journal = {ES Circular 369}, year = {1941}, month = {October 1941}, pages = {16 pp. and instrument}, author = {Fred P. Frutchey and A. Leland Harley} } @mastersthesis {8009, title = {Educational needs having implications for the home economics program: Out of school youth of Audubon, Iowa}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1941}, school = {Iowa State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Esther Claire Keith} } @article {7653, title = {Evaluation in the 4-H vegetable garden project, Massachusetts, 1939}, year = {1941}, note = {includes instrument}, month = {April 1941}, pages = {27 pp.}, author = {Fred P. Frutchey and Earle H. Nodine and George E. Erickson} } @article {7794, title = {Partial and preliminary report of study of local 4-H club programs in Iowa, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota.}, year = {1941}, pages = {34p}, institution = {United States Department of Agriculture}, address = {Washington DC}, url = {https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/643929400}, author = {Barnard D. Joy} } @article {7856, title = {State leaders in Iowa, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota}, year = {1941}, author = {Ray A. Turner and Barnard D. Joy} } @booklet {7147, title = {A study of 4-H club local leadership in New Mexico}, year = {1941}, author = {Ruth Lohman Smith} } @article {7753, title = {A study of 4-H local leadership in New Mexico}, year = {1941}, month = {September 1941}, pages = {27 pp.}, author = {Erwin H. Shinn and George R. Hatch} } @article {7776, title = {A study of former 4-H club members in United States attending agricultural colleges, 1940-1941}, year = {1941}, note = {bibliography}, pages = {8 pp.}, author = {Ray A. Turner} } @article {7654, title = {A study of the educational growth of 4-H food preservation club members - Massachusetts, 1939}, year = {1941}, note = {includes instrument}, pages = {24 pp.}, author = {Fred P. Futchey and Tena Bishop} } @article {7857, title = {Tentative conclusions from study of local 4-H club programs in Iowa, Nebraska, North Dakota and South Dakota}, year = {1941}, pages = {33 pp.}, author = {Ray A. Turner and Barnard D. Joy} } @mastersthesis {8008, title = {Trends in organized service groups for rural youth, Sedgwick County, Kansas, 1920-1940}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1941}, school = {Wichita State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Guy Thompson Gebhardt} } @mastersthesis {8011, title = {The value of home visits in 4-H homemaking projects}, year = {1941}, school = {USDA Graduate School}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jean Shippey} } @article {7672, title = {Volunteer leaders are essential to the 4-H program: A study of local leadership in 4-H club work in Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri and Wisconsin}, year = {1941}, note = {includes instrument}, month = {February 1941}, pages = {29 pp.}, author = {Barnard D. Joy and M. H. Coe and T. Erickson and Grace Rowntree and Ray A. Turner} } @article {7681, title = {4-H club and older youth studies: Some findings, bibliography and studies in progress}, year = {1940}, author = {Barnard D. Joy} } @article {7779, title = {The 4-H clubs forge ahead: Report of National 4-H club work}, year = {1940}, month = {May 1940}, pages = {14 pp.}, author = {Ray A. Turner} } @booklet {7880, title = {4-H demonstration study}, year = {1940}, note = {

bibliography

}, author = {R. E. Cameron} } @article {7715, title = {The 4-H member{\textquoteright}s book (circular): 4-H members record books from 17 states were checked against 15 criteria}, year = {1940}, note = {Summary of study included in circular; bibliography}, author = {W. H. Palmer} } @mastersthesis {8000, title = {The essentials of a handbook for local 4-H club leaders}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1940}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mylo S. Downey} } @mastersthesis {7998, title = {Factors in the occupational adjustment of rural youth in Whitman County, Washington}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1940}, school = {State College of Washington [Washington State University]}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Donald Joseph Boque} } @mastersthesis {8001, title = {Factors which influence farm girls for or against participation in 4-H club work and enrollment in home economic classes in Greene County, Iowa}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1940}, note = {

Title reads: \"high\" economics

}, school = {Iowa State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Edith Margaret Everett} } @mastersthesis {8002, title = {History of girls{\textquoteright} 4-H club work in Hays County}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1940}, school = {Southwest Texas State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Audrey Dolores Herron} } @article {7530, title = {Negro youth and the U.S. Employment Service--4-H clubs and the New Farmers of America}, journal = {The Journal of Negro Education}, volume = {9}, year = {1940}, pages = {408-415}, abstract = {Review of the U.S. Employment Service, 4-H clubs and the New Farmers of America programs and their benefits for black youth}, author = {S. B. Simmons} } @article {7614, title = {An overall view of the Extension system}, year = {1940}, note = {paper in Joy-Crile 1941}, pages = {11 pp.}, author = {Wilmer Bassett} } @article {7999, title = {A planned recreation program for 4-H clubs}, volume = {338}, year = {1940}, publisher = {United States Department of Agriculture}, type = {Thesis}, url = {https://archive.org/details/plannedrecreatio33brob}, author = {Blanche Brobeil} } @mastersthesis {8007, title = {Rural youth adjustment in selected areas of Teton County, 1925-1940}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1940}, school = {Montana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Glen V. Vergeront} } @mastersthesis {8006, title = {Some factors affecting the vitality of local 4-H clubs}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1940}, school = {American University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Paul M. Thayer} } @booklet {7176, title = {Some factors affecting the vitality of local 4-H clubs}, year = {1940}, note = {National Archives}, pages = {typewritten}, author = {P. W. Thayer} } @article {7784, title = {Still more former 4-H club members attend agricultural college}, year = {1940}, pages = {6 pp.}, author = {Ray A. Turner} } @article {7627, title = {A study of 4-H local leadership in South Carolina}, year = {1940}, note = {Instrument included}, month = {March 1940}, pages = {28 pp.}, author = {Leon O. Clayton} } @article {7743, title = {A study of a group of 2,453 former 4-H club members in 11 states (paper also included in Box 18, titled: What has happened to 4-H club members, 7 pp.)}, year = {1940}, month = {September 1940}, pages = {23 pp.}, author = {Erwin H. Shinn} } @mastersthesis {8005, title = {A study of junior leadership in 4-H club work}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1940}, school = {American University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

A study of 402 Kansas, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Missouri 4-H clubs with 366 junior leaders assisting. Some sources indicate that the study was published in 1939.

}, author = {Henry A. Pflughoeft} } @mastersthesis {8004, title = {A study of selected conditions, practices and opinions of youth in Greenville County extension rural youth clubs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1940}, school = {Furman University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ruby Pearson} } @article {7808, title = {Ten years of 4-H club work in the State of Washington}, year = {1940}, author = {Henry M. Walker} } @mastersthesis {8003, title = {The use of radio in 4-H club work}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1940}, note = {

Also published in USDA Extension Service Circular 352

}, school = {George Washington University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lillian A. Murphy} } @article {7610, title = {What 4-H clubs need to succeed: A study of some factors in Spokane County, Washington affecting the enrollment and completions in 4-H club work for years 1936, 1937 and 1938}, year = {1940}, pages = {12 pp.}, author = {Hilmer Axling and Henry M. Walker} } @article {7788, title = {Where are we going in the 4-H program? An anniversary year study of central states figures 1914-1939}, year = {1940}, pages = {13 pp.}, author = {Ray A. Turner} } @booklet {6895, title = {Why 4-H members do not reenroll?}, year = {1940}, pages = {typewritten, 5 pp.}, author = {Kenneth H. Anderson} } @article {7695, title = {4-H club work: Effect on capability and personal quality}, year = {1939}, note = {Presented at National 4-H Congress}, month = {December 5, 1939}, author = {David Edgar Lindstrom and Walker Myrick Dawson} } @article {7696, title = {4-H club work: Effect on capacity and personal quality}, year = {1939}, pages = {343 pp.}, author = {David Edgar Lindstrom and W. M. Dawson} } @mastersthesis {7989, title = {An analysis of the social and economic background of elected agricultural leadership in six Arkansas counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1939}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Celma B. Gilliland} } @article {7786, title = {An anniversary year summary of former 4-H club members attending college}, year = {1939}, pages = {6 pp.}, author = {Ray A. Turner} } @mastersthesis {7986, title = {The characteristics and interest-problems of boys and girls of 4-H club age}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1939}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Grace Elma Covey} } @mastersthesis {7993, title = {A comparative study of problems, situations and interests of rural unmarried youth, 16-25 years of age in two Maryland areas}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1939}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Gussie Randall} } @mastersthesis {7996, title = {The Danish System of group judging}, year = {1939}, school = {Kansas State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Dwight M. Seath} } @mastersthesis {7992, title = {The educational values as found in 4-H clubs of Neosho County, Kansas}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1939}, school = {Kansas State Teachers College of Pittsburg}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Bertha Irene McMillan} } @mastersthesis {7997, title = {Educational values in 4-H club work}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1939}, school = {Arizona State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Harvey Earl Tyson} } @mastersthesis {7988, title = {Evaluation criteria for effective 4-H local leadership}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1939}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Paul J. Dixon} } @conference {7899, title = {Implications of studies of selectivity and the effect on capability and personal quality of 4-H club work in Illinois}, booktitle = {National Club Congress}, year = {1939}, note = {

Paper presented at the National Club Congress

}, month = {December 5, 1939}, pages = {9 pp.}, address = {Chicago, IL}, author = {David Edgar Lindstrom} } @mastersthesis {7987, title = {An investigation of 4-H club work in Cabell County, West Virginia}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1939}, school = {Ohio University, Athens}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Alberta Heck Cummings} } @mastersthesis {7995, title = {Membership in certain youth organizations affecting the behavior of high school students, Cedar Rapids, Iowa}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1939}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Alice Belle Salter} } @mastersthesis {7991, title = {Organizational activities of older youth in Bedford County}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1939}, school = {Penn State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Homer Hanson Martz} } @article {7673, title = {Problems of 4-H local leaders in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio: One thousand one hundred and thirty leaders furnished information about their seven most difficult problems in leading local 4-H clubs}, year = {1939}, month = {March 1939}, pages = {31 pp.}, abstract = {One thousand, one hundred and 30 leaders furnished information about their 7 most difficult problems in leading local 4-H clubs: Training judging teams, training demonstration teams, getting youth people interested in 4-H club work, getting parents to feel like they are an active part of 4-H club working, making the club program a year-round one, holding members 15 to 20 years, getting members to plan their own program.}, author = {Barnard D. Joy and W. Palmer and H Ainsworth and A. Kettunen and E. T. Pilchard} } @mastersthesis {7994, title = {The recreation activities of rural youth in Waller County, Texas}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1939}, school = {A\&M College of Texas [Texas A\&M University]}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Frieda Estelle Rhone} } @mastersthesis {7990, title = {A study of the clothing practices of a selected group of 4-H club girls in Kansas}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1939}, school = {Kansas State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Alice Charlotte Linn} } @article {7676, title = {Twenty-five years of 4-H club work: Analysis of statistical trends with special reference to 1938}, year = {1939}, pages = {19 pp.}, author = {Barnard D. Joy} } @mastersthesis {7979, title = {4-H and non 4-H club members in Pottawatomie County high schools}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1938}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Chester Ashford} } @article {7741, title = {4-H club work marches on: A review of achievements in 1937}, year = {1938}, month = {Extension Service Circular}, pages = {22 pp.}, author = {C. A. Sheffield} } @mastersthesis {7985, title = {4-H students in college activities}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1938}, school = {Montana State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Weber H. Peterson} } @booklet {7004, title = {A compilation of values of 4-H club work from statements of parents, agents, leaders and former members}, year = {1938}, author = {Harriet F. Johnson} } @mastersthesis {7984, title = {Consumer-buying information available from the federal government and its application to 4-H club work}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1938}, school = {American University and USDA Graduate School}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Winifred S. Perry} } @mastersthesis {7980, title = {Contributions of 4-H club work to good family living with suggestions for increasing these contributions}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1938}, note = {
  1. Payne Fund student
  2. USDA 4-H Fellow
}, school = {USDA Graduate School}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Ruth Durrenberger} } @article {7785, title = {A decade of 4-H in college: A statistical study of former 4-H club members enrolled as students in agricultural and home economics courses at state college of agriculture in the Central States}, year = {1938}, abstract = {As reported by State Club Leaders}, author = {Ray A. Turner} } @mastersthesis {7982, title = {Factors affecting the length of 4-H club membership}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1938}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ernest Theodore Itschner} } @booklet {7030, title = {Returns of the investment and activities of former 4-H leadership school delegates.}, howpublished = {PA State College Extension Service}, year = {1938}, pages = {2 pp.}, author = {C. P. Lang} } @article {7625, title = {Rural youth in agricultural extension}, year = {1938}, note = {annotated summary of a survey in 11 Ohio counties; bibliography}, pages = {23 pp.}, author = {Robert Crowthers Clark} } @mastersthesis {7981, title = {Scholastic achievements, leadership activities and subsequent occupations of Iowa State College home economics students with 4-H club experience}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1938}, school = {Iowa State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Helen Hammo Hunter} } @booklet {6993, title = {Situation, problems and interests of unmarried rural young people, 16-25 years of age}, year = {1938}, author = {J. V. Highfill and Bernard D. Jay} } @article {7678, title = {Situations, problems and interests of unmarried rural young people 16-25 years of age - Utah}, year = {1938}, note = {includes instrument}, pages = {43 pp.}, author = {Barnard D. Joy and D. P. Murray} } @conference {7920, title = {Some principles in Extension teaching as applied to 4-H work with farm boys and girls}, booktitle = {National 4-H Club Camp [Extension Service Circular 289]}, year = {1938}, note = {

Presented at National 4-H Club Camp [Extension Service Circular 289]

}, pages = {11 pp.}, author = {Erwin H. Shinn} } @article {7724, title = {A study of 4-H club local leadership in St. Lawrence County, New York, 1938}, year = {1938}, note = {Five important findings from the study. Instrument included}, month = {August 1939}, pages = {37 pp.}, author = {Bert J. Rogers} } @article {7806, title = {A study of 4-H local leadership In New Hampshire, 1937}, year = {1938}, note = {instrument included}, month = {September 1938}, pages = {39 pp.}, author = {C. B. Wadleigh} } @mastersthesis {7983, title = {A study of rural girls{\textquoteright} appreciation of family life as revealed by 4-H club record-histories}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1938}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Analysis of 4-H club girls\&$\#$39; record histories in two Texas counties were analyzed to extract the recorded instances of appreciation of family life relationships; appreciation of home and farm activities, their results, and products; appreciation of relative values which were weighted in the girls\&$\#$39; selection of their activities; and materials contribution.

}, author = {Alpha Evelyn Lynn} } @article {7698, title = {Teaching conservation of wildlife through 4-H clubs}, year = {1938}, pages = {34 pp. with illustrations}, author = {Ruth Lohmann} } @article {7417, title = {Who joins 4-H clubs?}, journal = {Agricultural Extension Service Review}, volume = {9}, year = {1938}, pages = {21}, author = {Barnard D. Joy} } @article {7781, title = {4-H goes to college}, year = {1937}, pages = {4 pp.}, author = {Ray A. Turner} } @booklet {7111, title = {4-H local leadership - Wisconsin}, year = {1937}, pages = {typewritten, 5 pp.}, author = {Grace Rowntree and V. Varney} } @article {7667, title = {A boy and girl fact survey}, year = {1937}, author = {C. I. Hummel} } @booklet {7072, title = {Charts and data on 4-H leaders: Parts 1 and 2}, year = {1937}, note = {Charts and report by Analytical Tabulating Management , Inc.}, month = {April 26, 1937}, author = {National Committee Boys{\textquoteright} and Girls{\textquoteright} Club work} } @article {7566, title = {Do former 4-H club members go to college? A statistical study of former boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} 4-H club members enrolled as students in agriculture and home economics at the state colleges of agriculture in the Central States 1931-1937}, journal = {USDA Extension Service Review}, volume = {3}, year = {1937}, pages = {111}, author = {Ray A. Turner} } @mastersthesis {7975, title = {The educational needs of out-of-school farm youth}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1937}, school = {Kansas State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Hale H. Brown} } @article {7746, title = {An evaluation of some educational objectives of 4-H club work as expressed by 952 former club members now in college}, year = {1937}, pages = {16 pp.}, abstract = {Objectives of 4-H club work were evaluated by 952 college students who were former 4-H members in 23 states. These objectives were: health, recreation, economic, aesthetic, ethical and civic.}, author = {Erwin H. Shinn} } @mastersthesis {7976, title = {An evaluation of the program offered to rural young people by the Agricultural Extension Service of Iowa State College}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1937}, school = {Iowa State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Margaret Isobel Crowe} } @article {7638, title = {Interests and experiences of 4-H club members 15 to 20 years of age}, year = {1937}, note = {Annual report of state club leader; bibliography}, pages = {66-68}, author = {Max Drake}, editor = {M. T. Braverman and R. M. Carlos and S. M. Stanley} } @mastersthesis {7977, title = {Occupations of sons and daughters of Mississippi cotton farmers}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1937}, school = {University of Chicago}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Dorothy Dickens} } @article {7770, title = {Older youth survey, ages 18 to 28}, year = {1937}, note = {bibliography}, pages = {25-29}, author = {James E. Tanner} } @article {7618, title = {The place of prizes in the club program}, year = {1937}, pages = {74-83}, author = {T. L. Bewick} } @booklet {6998, title = {Scholastic achievements, leadership activities and subsequent occupations of Iowa State College home economics student with 4-H club experiences}, year = {1937}, note = {Data taken from the 1933-37 college records}, author = {Helen H. Hunter and Mary S. Lyle} } @article {7750, title = {A study of local leadership in 4-H club work}, year = {1937}, pages = {22 pp.}, abstract = {An evaluation of some educational objectives of 4-H club work as expressed by 952 former club members now in college. A sixteen state survey of local leadership in 4-H club work: Alabama, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin}, author = {Erwin H. Shinn} } @mastersthesis {7978, title = {A study of volunteer 4-H club leaders in Wisconsin as of 1933}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1937}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Elizabeth Salter Eby} } @article {7634, title = {Survey of older youth and young adults who were formerly 4-H club members in Indiana}, year = {1937}, pages = {20 pp.}, author = {Department of Agriculture Extension} } @article {7663, title = {The ways 4-H club advisers use in club meetings to help the 4-H members with the project}, year = {1937}, note = {

University probably incorrect, but this is the way its cited.

}, month = {1937}, pages = {71a-71t}, institution = {University of Ohio}, address = {Columbus, OH}, author = {Hulda Elizabeth Horst} } @article {7778, title = {Where are we going in the 4-H club program? A brief study of central states figures}, year = {1937}, pages = {12 pp.}, author = {Ray A. Turner} } @booklet {7082, title = {Why 4-H club members do not reenroll}, year = {1937}, pages = {typewritten, 5 pp.}, author = {R. L. Olson} } @mastersthesis {7971, title = {4-H club work in the life of rural youth: A thesis}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1936}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Mary Eva Duthie} } @booklet {7172, title = {4-H local leadership - Iowa}, year = {1936}, pages = {typewritten, 1 p.}, author = {Paul C. Taff} } @booklet {7183, title = {Brief report of boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} 4-H club work in Missouri and some research studies}, year = {1936}, author = {University of Missouri} } @mastersthesis {7974, title = {The educational value of 4-H Club work in Knox County}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1936}, school = {Indiana State Teachers College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {T. F. Radmacher} } @article {7775, title = {National 4-H club report, 1934}, year = {1936}, month = {February 1936}, pages = {15 pp.}, author = {Ray A. Turner} } @article {7738, title = {Occupation of former club members}, year = {1936}, note = {Typewritten}, pages = {161 pp.}, author = {Mildred Schenck} } @article {7675, title = {Organization and programs for rural young people. Summary of the 1935 annual narrative reports of state Extension directors, leaders and specialists, including many excerpts}, year = {1936}, month = {October 1936}, pages = {25 pp.}, author = {Barnard D. Joy} } @article {7810, title = {Organization of 4-H club work with emphasis on the development of the "Heart H"}, year = {1936}, month = {May 1936}, pages = {30 pp.}, author = {Gertrude L. Warren} } @article {7783, title = {The present occupations of former 4-H club members}, year = {1936}, pages = {3 pp.}, author = {Ray A. Turner} } @article {7605, title = {Rural youth: Married young men and women, 15-29 years of age}, year = {1936}, author = {W. A. Anderson} } @booklet {7037, title = {Selectivity of 4-H club work: an analysis of factors influencing membership}, year = {1936}, author = {David Edgar Lindstrom and W. M. Dawson} } @article {7697, title = {Selectivity of 4-H club work: An analysis of factors influencing membership}, year = {1936}, pages = {32 pp.}, abstract = {Two publications (see Lindstrom and Dawson) are reports of a study of 2, 263 boys and girls living in 60 communities in 6 counties of Illinois. They included members, past members, and non-memebers of 4-H clubs living on farms and in town. Tests and questionnaires wree administered to study the selectivity of 4-H club work and the educational achievement of the boys and girls in several objectives of 4-H club work.}, author = {David Edgar Lindstrom and W. M. Dawson} } @mastersthesis {7972, title = {Social structure and disorganization of selected characteristics of youth in Iowa rural relief households}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1936}, school = {Iowa State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Frank Howard Forsyth} } @article {7680, title = {Statistical analysis of trends in 4-H club work with special reference to 1935}, year = {1936}, pages = {29 pp.}, author = {Barnard D. Joy} } @article {7679, title = {Statistical analysis of trends in 4-H club work with special reference to 1935}, year = {1936}, author = {Barnard D. Joy} } @mastersthesis {7970, title = {A study of the possibilities for marketing farm produce grown by rural youth in the Pocono region of Pennsylvania}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1936}, school = {Penn State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Roy Milford Decker} } @mastersthesis {7973, title = {Suggested procedures for incorporating home management in the 4-H club program}, year = {1936}, school = {University of Maryland and USDA Graduate School}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mildred Ives} } @article {7757, title = {Trends in club work and what lies ahead.}, year = {1936}, note = {bibliography}, author = {Clarance Beaman Smith} } @conference {7871, title = {Trends in education and their relation to the 4-H club program}, booktitle = {National 4-H Congress}, year = {1936}, note = {

Congress presentation

}, month = {December 2, 1936}, abstract = {

4 pages

}, author = {Juliet Lita Bane} } @booklet {7009, title = {Why club members do not reenroll}, year = {1936}, pages = {typewritten}, author = {Kansas State College} } @booklet {7211, title = {Why club members do not reenroll}, year = {1936}, pages = {typewritten, 5 pp.}, author = {Wisconsin College of Agriculture} } @article {7782, title = {4-H club members attend agricultural colleges}, year = {1935}, pages = {3 pp.}, author = {Ray A. Turner} } @mastersthesis {7966, title = {An analysis of the traits of junior 4-H club leaders}, year = {1935}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {https://purdue.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01PURDUE_PUWL/uc5e95/alma99139071540001081}, author = {William Robert Amick} } @article {7758, title = {Boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} club work}, year = {1935}, note = {bibliography}, author = {Clarance Beaman Smith} } @article {7815, title = {The effectiveness of 4-H club work: A study of boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} club work in a cross-section of Middlesex County, Mass.}, year = {1935}, note = {Cooperative Extension Work, USDA}, pages = {30 pp.}, author = {Meredith C. Wilson} } @booklet {7185, title = {Extension studies and teaching. Organization and programs for farm young people. Excerpts from annual reports and county extension agents, 1934}, year = {1935}, note = {bibliography}, author = {USDA} } @mastersthesis {7967, title = {A history of 4-H club work in the United States}, year = {1935}, school = {Springfield College, Springfield Mass.}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Earle H. Nodine} } @article {7606, title = {Interests and activities and problems of rural young folk. Men 15-29 years of age}, year = {1935}, month = {May 1935}, author = {W. A. Anderson and Willis Kerns} } @article {7612, title = {The outlook for rural youth}, year = {1935}, note = {includes graphs and charts; not specifically 4-H}, month = {September 1935}, pages = {42 pp.}, author = {O. E. Baker} } @article {7709, title = {Recommended policies governing 4-H club work}, year = {1935}, month = {May 1, 1935}, pages = {21 pp.}, author = {NASULGC [National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges]} } @article {7797, title = {Recommended policies governing 4-H club work: Findings and recommendations}, year = {1935}, author = {USDA and NASULGC [National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges]} } @article {7632, title = {The relationship of age and other factors to enrollment and continuation in 4-H club work}, year = {1935}, note = {also 1933}, author = {Lucinda Crile} } @article {7787, title = {Report of boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} 4-H clubs in the central states, 1934. Twenty years of 4-H club accomplishment}, year = {1935}, note = {bibliography}, abstract = {4-H members in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota and Wisconsin}, author = {Ray A. Turner} } @mastersthesis {7969, title = {Rural young people and community organizations}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1935}, school = {University of Oregon}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Eugene T. Stromberg} } @mastersthesis {7968, title = {A study of present and former 4-H club members in New York state: Factors affecting membership tenure with suggestions and reasons for increasing the duration of 4-H club membership in the older age group}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1935}, school = {Penn State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Charles Wilcox Reed} } @mastersthesis {7965, title = {The activities, interests and needs of rural young men in Genesee County, New York}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1934}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Robert Willis Kerns} } @article {7677, title = {The length of 4-H club membership. Part 1.}, year = {1934}, pages = {25 pp.}, author = {Barnard D. Joy} } @booklet {7008, title = {The length of 4-H club membership: Part II: How long do the young people who join 4-H clubs continue their membership}, year = {1934}, note = {Located in Archives II, College Park, MD}, month = {August 1934}, author = {Barnard D. Joy} } @mastersthesis {7964, title = {Some factors influencing length of 4-H club membership}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1934}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Barnard D. Joy} } @mastersthesis {7963, title = {A study of 4-H club work in the United States, in Kansas, and in Sedgwick County, Kansas}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1934}, school = {Wichita State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {William Monroe Garthune} } @booklet {7156, title = {Study of agricultural home economics, and 4-H club articles in representative daily and weekly newspapers for 1914 and 1930}, year = {1934}, note = {abstract found in Crile 1953 rev.; bibliography}, pages = {30 pp.}, author = {J. M. Stedman} } @mastersthesis {7962, title = {Teaching of child development through 4-H club work}, year = {1934}, school = {USDA Graduate School}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Esther Mildred Friesth} } @booklet {6927, title = {What is being done to keep and maintain the interests of 4-H club members between the ages of 16 and 21}, howpublished = {Mass. State college Spec. Rept. Ed. 77, 12 pp.}, year = {1934}, note = {bibliography}, author = {Frances L. Cook} } @booklet {7022, title = {Why 4-H club members do not reenroll, Meigs County, Pomeroy, Ohio}, year = {1934}, pages = {typewritten, 3 pp.}, author = {George W. Kreitler} } @article {7719, title = {Boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} club work, 1933}, year = {1933}, note = {bibliography}, author = {Madge J. Reese} } @mastersthesis {7961, title = {The conformity of certain 4-H club leaders and girls to color standards of the applied art staff of Iowa State College}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1933}, school = {Iowa State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Edna Marie Rhoads} } @mastersthesis {7960, title = {History and development of the 4-H club movement with an outlook report on the future}, volume = {M.Ag.}, year = {1933}, note = {

Master of Agriculture degree

}, school = {Iowa State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Guy L. Noble} } @article {7684, title = {Number of years of leadership of Rhode Island 4-H leaders}, year = {1933}, note = {In annual report of state club leader}, author = {Lorenzo F. Kinney Jr.} } @mastersthesis {7959, title = {Planning a program of extension work for older farm girls}, year = {1933}, school = {USDA Graduate School}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Margaret Latimer} } @mastersthesis {7957, title = {4-H rural league}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1932}, school = {Montana State College}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Ruth Osborne} } @book {6831, title = {Boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} 4-H club work in the United States: A selected list}, year = {1932}, pages = {217}, publisher = {United States Department of Agriculture, Extension Service, Office of Cooperative Extension Work}, organization = {United States Department of Agriculture, Extension Service, Office of Cooperative Extension Work}, address = {Washington DC}, abstract = {

A reference list of hundreds of publications available on 4-H before 1932, gleaned from the Department of Agriculture Library, the Department of Agriculture, Office of Experiment Stations Library, the Department of Agriculture Home Economics Library, the U.S. Bureau of Education Library, the Agricultureal Index 1916-1931, Experiment Station Record,1889-1931, Monthly Catalogue United States Public Documents, 1895-1931

}, url = {https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009478799}, author = {Edith J. Webb} } @article {7777, title = {Do former 4-H club members go to college? A statistical study of former boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} 4-H club members enrolled as students in agriculture and home economics at the state colleges of agriculture in the central states, 1931-1932}, year = {1932}, note = {Also published in Extension Service Review, 3(7), 111}, pages = {3 pp.}, abstract = {A statistical study of former boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} club members enrolled as students in agriculture and home economics at the state colleges of agriculture in the central states 1931-1932}, author = {Ray A. Turner} } @mastersthesis {7956, title = {The educational and guidance values of 4-H clubs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1932}, school = {Kansas State Teachers College of Pittsburg}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jason W. Jones} } @article {7616, title = {The income, savings and work of boys and girls on farms in New York, 1930}, year = {1932}, author = {Howard Wayland Beers} } @booklet {7098, title = {Why we lose 4-H club leaders}, year = {1932}, note = {bibliography}, pages = {typewritten, 3 pp.}, author = {Cha(rles) Potter} } @mastersthesis {7953, title = {Attitudes and problems of rural youth in Pennsylvania}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1931}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Allen L. Baker} } @article {7642, title = {Boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} club work under the Smith-Lever Act-1914-1924}, year = {1931}, author = {Extension Service} } @article {7748, title = {Educational values in 4-H club work. Part 2 (Summary of data from 206 present and former 4-H members)}, year = {1931}, author = {Erwin H. Shinn} } @article {7749, title = {Educational values in 4-H club work. Part 3 (Summary of data from 150 parents of 4-H members)}, year = {1931}, author = {Erwin H. Shinn} } @book {9938, title = {Experiences of a country lass during a six weeks{\textquoteright} trip to Europe}, year = {1931}, pages = {47}, publisher = {Chicago Mail Order Company}, organization = {Chicago Mail Order Company}, address = {Chicago, IL}, abstract = {

Diary of Viola Mach\&$\#$39;s six week trip to Europe in 1931. Viola was a 4-H club member who placed first in South Dakota\&$\#$39;s 4-H Style Contest. She then competed in the 4-H National Style Review contest in December 1930 and won the Grand Championship. The prize was the trip to Europe.

}, keywords = {fashion review}, author = {Mach, Viola} } @article {7718, title = {Five years of boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} club work in the Western states}, year = {1931}, author = {Madge J. Reese} } @booklet {6982, title = {Four-H club work in West Virginia}, year = {1931}, author = {T. L. Harris} } @mastersthesis {7955, title = {Home-making preparation of 4-H club girls of Black Hawk County, Iowa}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1931}, school = {Iowa State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Merle Vi Shover} } @article {7720, title = {Local leadership and its training in 4-H club work}, year = {1931}, note = {bibliography}, author = {Madge J. Reese and Meredith C. Wilson} } @article {7756, title = {The outlook in agriculture in relation to 4-H club work}, year = {1931}, note = {bibliography}, author = {Clarance Beaman Smith} } @mastersthesis {7954, title = {Personal problems of the girls of Pender County, North Carolina}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1931}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Nora Miller} } @article {7668, title = {A study of 4-H leadership in Kansas: An analysis of the efficiency of 555 4-H club leaders in 53 counties}, year = {1931}, month = {July 1931}, pages = {10 pp.}, author = {C. R. Jaccard and M. H. Coe} } @article {7657, title = {A study of former 4-H club members in Hancock County, Maine}, year = {1931}, note = {In annual report of county agent}, author = {Grady Ruth} } @mastersthesis {7951, title = {An analytical study of the activities and problems of county agricultural extension agents}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1930}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Dickson Ward Parsons} } @mastersthesis {7952, title = {Boys and girls clubs as a social factor in North Dakota}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1930}, school = {North Dakota Agricultural College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mabel Tusca Wenzel} } @mastersthesis {7949, title = {Catawba County, North Carolina, boys 4-H club work 1920 to 1930}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1930}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John Wade Hendricks} } @mastersthesis {7950, title = {County agent work}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1930}, school = {University of Wyoming}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Celia A. Parsons} } @article {7747, title = {Educational values in 4-H club work. Part 1 (Summary of data from 184 state and county extension workers)}, year = {1930}, author = {Erwin H. Shinn} } @article {7769, title = {Effects of club work on school work.}, year = {1930}, pages = {82-87}, author = {Florence Hamer Stubbs} } @article {7771, title = {Farm family participation in lodges, grange, farm bureau, 4-H clubs, school and church: A study of 610 farm families, Madison and Union counties, Ohio, with special attention to owners and tenants}, year = {1930}, author = {E. D. Tetreau} } @mastersthesis {7948, title = {The money income of farm boys in a southern New York dairy region}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1930}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Howard Wayland Beers} } @article {7615, title = {The money income of farm boys in a southern New York dairy region}, year = {1930}, author = {Howard Wayland Beers} } @article {7759, title = {Results of study of 4-H club work and the public schools}, year = {1930}, pages = {3 pp. with data attached}, author = {Clarance Beaman Smith} } @article {6971, title = {Young people{\textquoteright}s organizations in relation to rural life in Virginia with special reference to 4-H clubs}, number = {274}, year = {1930}, note = {

With Section IV on \"Effects of club work on school work\" by Florence Hammer Stubbs

}, institution = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute}, address = {Blacksburg, VA}, url = {https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uiug.30112019900890}, author = {William E. Garret} } @article {7862, title = {Club data from Extension studies}, year = {1929}, author = {Meredith C. Wilson} } @article {7722, title = {Compilation of findings of the committee on project requirements reported at 1929 National Farm Boys{\textquoteright} and Girls{\textquoteright} 4-H club camp}, year = {1929}, pages = {10 pp.}, author = {Madge J. Reese and G. L. Farley and M. Wallace and T. Erickson and E. Potter} } @mastersthesis {7946, title = {Some determinants of boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} 4-H club leadership}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1929}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Clarence Wayne Ferguson} } @mastersthesis {7947, title = {Types of farm families and effects of 4-H club work on family relations}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1929}, note = {

Includes case studies and photographs

}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Robert Geib Foster} } @article {7811, title = {What local leaders do: A study of the activities of 155 local Extension leaders in two Nebraska counties}, year = {1929}, month = {Extension Service circular}, pages = {17 pp.}, author = {M. Wilcon and C. Brokaw} } @article {7666, title = {Why 4-H clubs work}, year = {1929}, pages = {16 pp.}, author = {A. M. Hulbert} } @mastersthesis {7945, title = {The 4-H clubs as a factor in rural socialization}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1928}, school = {Michigan State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {H. C. C. Willey} } @mastersthesis {7944, title = {Boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} 4-H club work with special reference to Iowa}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1928}, school = {Iowa State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Laura Reynolds} } @mastersthesis {7942, title = {The effectiveness of extension work in Daggett and Stephenson Communities, Menominee County, Michigan}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1928}, month = {1928}, pages = {45}, school = {Kansas State Agricultural College, Manhattan}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17944}, author = {Karl Knaus} } @mastersthesis {7941, title = {An evaluation of 4-H club activities in terms of educational objectives}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1928}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Otto Clement Croy} } @article {7742, title = {Objectives in a program of rural-life improvement}, year = {1928}, note = {specifically p. 7}, author = {Erwin H. Shinn} } @article {7774, title = {The place of 4-H clubs in the American system of public education}, year = {1928}, note = {bibliography}, month = {March 1928}, author = {A. C. True} } @article {7721, title = {Report of the standardization committee, National Farm Boys{\textquoteright} and Girls{\textquoteright} 4-H club camp}, year = {1928}, pages = {22 pp.}, author = {Madge J. Reese and G. L. Farley and M. Wallace and T. Erickson and E. Potter} } @mastersthesis {7943, title = {Rural leadership: With special reference to the leadership problems in boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} 4-H club work}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1928}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10919/111016}, author = {Cephas Abraham Montgomery} } @booklet {6922, title = {Summary of 4-H club leadership study (613 4-H club leaders surveyed by mail)}, year = {1928}, note = {bibliography}, pages = {4 pp.}, author = {Sara Chiles} } @booklet {7196, title = {Outline for findings of the standardization committee appointed at 1927 National Farm Boys{\textquoteright} and Girls{\textquoteright} 4-H club camp}, year = {1927}, author = {USDA ES} } @mastersthesis {7940, title = {A study of 44 Ohio farms as a basis of determining some factors of success in farming}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1927}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jacob Carl Neff} } @article {7649, title = {4-H club work in its relation to vocational adjustment}, year = {1926}, month = {Dated August 20, 1926}, pages = {23 pp.}, author = {Robert G. Foster} } @article {7686, title = {Attitudes and problems of farm youth: A preliminary report}, year = {1926}, author = {E. L. Kirkpatrick and Clarance Beaman Smith} } @article {7833, title = {Boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} 4-H club work under the Smith-Lever Act, 1914-1924}, year = {1926}, publisher = {Government Printing Office}, address = {Washington, DC}, url = {https://archive.org/details/boysgirls4hclubw85farr}, author = {George E. Farrell} } @article {7760, title = {Boys and girls{\textquoteright} club work}, year = {1926}, author = {Clarance Beaman Smith} } @article {7813, title = {Club data from Extension studies (4-H club work)}, year = {1926}, pages = {9 pp.}, author = {Meredith C. Wilson} } @mastersthesis {7939, title = {The educational significance of the county agent}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1926}, school = {University of Chicago}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Earl Frederick Zeigler} } @article {7648, title = {How shall 4-H leadership be trained? A study of the jobs and problems of local 4-H club leadership}, year = {1926}, note = {data included}, pages = {68 pp.}, author = {Robert G. Foster} } @book {6819, title = {How shall country youth be served: A study of the rural work of certain national character-building agencies}, year = {1926}, pages = {259}, publisher = {George H. Doran Company}, organization = {George H. Doran Company}, address = {New York}, abstract = {

A report based on a study of representative samples of rural work of five national character-building agencies: Young men\&$\#$39;s and women\&$\#$39;s christian associations, the boy and girl scouts and the camp fire girls. Less extensive collateral studies were also made of the work of the junior extension clubs (4-H) and of Sundy School Associations or Councils of Religios education.

}, url = {https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/615134596}, author = {H. Paul Douglass} } @article {9943, title = {Iowa 4-H Club Uniform}, year = {1926}, note = {

Iowa State Home Economics Bulletin

}, month = {06/1926}, pages = {4 pages}, institution = {Iowa State University}, address = {Ames, IA}, keywords = {uniform}, url = {https://digital.library.cornell.edu/catalog/hearth7134598_8285_043}, author = {Elder, Mildred B.} } @mastersthesis {7938, title = {A personal survey of the rural club leaders of Iowa}, year = {1926}, school = {University of Minnesota}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Cecile Annunciata Manikowske} } @article {7812, title = {A report of club data from Extension studies}, year = {1926}, month = {April 15, 1926}, author = {Meredith C. Wilson} } @mastersthesis {7937, title = {A study of the organization of home economics extension in Iowa with a resulting project for introducing home economics extension service in New Zealand}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1926}, school = {Iowa State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Catherine Landreth} } @booklet {7182, title = {Suggestions on conducting boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} 4-H club camps in Missouri}, year = {1926}, author = {University of Missouri} } @article {7814, title = {The effectiveness of 4-H club work: A study of boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} club work in a cross section of Middlesex County, Mass., 1925}, year = {1925}, pages = {30 pp.}, author = {Meredith C. Wilson and G. Warren and G. L. Farley} } @article {7611, title = {Local leadership and the effectiveness of Extension work in reaching rural people: A study of 247 local Extension leaders, 621 farms and 210 village homes in Middlesex, Mercer, and Morris Counties, New Jersey, 1925}, year = {1925}, pages = {48 pp.}, author = {H. J. Baker and Meredith C. Wilson} } @article {7819, title = {The organization and direction of girls{\textquoteright} 4-H clubs in food projects}, year = {1925}, pages = {18 pp.}, author = {Grace Besselene Armstrong and Nathalie Agatha Vasold} } @article {7664, title = {A study to determine the interests 4-H Club girls}, year = {1925}, note = {

bibliography

}, month = {1925}, pages = {52 p}, institution = {Ohio Agricultural College}, address = {Columbus, OH}, author = {Hulda Elizabeth Horst} } @booklet {6938, title = {Boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} club work in agriculture and home economics...1924, 1926-1927, 1931}, year = {1924}, author = {Eastern States Expo, Camp Vail} } @mastersthesis {7936, title = {An experiment with a project curriculum}, year = {1924}, note = {

Also published as a book

}, school = {Columbia University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Ellsworth Collings} } @booklet {6994, title = {Boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} 4-H club work, 1923}, year = {1923}, author = {Issac William Hill and Gertrude L. Warren} } @article {7839, title = {Boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} club work, 1922}, year = {1922}, month = {1924}, publisher = {USDA 1924}, address = {Washington, DC}, author = {Ivan L. Hobson and Gertrude L. Warren} } @article {7834, title = {Analysis of boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} club work under various types of leadership}, year = {1921}, month = {[1921?]}, pages = {5 pp.}, publisher = {USDA}, address = {Washington, DC}, author = {George E. Farrell} } @article {7809, title = {The relation of boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} demonstrations to the development of rural home life}, year = {1921}, pages = {10 pp.}, author = {G. Warren} } @article {7832, title = {Status and results of boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} club work: Northern and Western States, 1921}, year = {1921}, publisher = {USDA, 1923}, address = {Washington, DC}, author = {George E. Farrell and Gertrude L. Warren} } @article {7835, title = {Organization and results of boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} club work: Northern and Western States}, year = {1919}, publisher = {USDA, 1921}, address = {Washington, DC}, url = {https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/16664321}, author = {George E. Farrell and Ivan L. Hobson} } @article {7826, title = {Agriculture clubs in California}, year = {1918}, month = {January 1918}, publisher = {University of California, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station}, address = {Berkeley, CA}, url = {https://archive.org/details/agricultureclubs190croc}, author = {B. H. (Bertram Hanford) Crocheron} } @article {7828, title = {Suggestions for boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} exhibits (at local county and state fairs), revised edition}, year = {1918}, publisher = {Government Printing Office}, address = {Washington, DC}, author = {Milton Danzinger} } @booklet {7135, title = {Making lessons in agriculture count}, year = {1917}, note = {Reproduced in microfilm in 2004, Bethlehem, PA}, publisher = {State Superintendent of Public Instruction}, address = {Raleigh, NC}, author = {Jessie Field Shambaugh} } @proceedings {7873, title = {School credit for boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} club work and Extension activities in agriculture and home economics}, year = {1915}, author = {O. H. Benson} } @book {6821, title = {Boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} clubs}, year = {1914}, pages = {32}, publisher = {Wright \& Potter Printing Co., state printers}, organization = {Wright \& Potter Printing Co., state printers}, address = {Boston}, url = {https://archive.org/details/cu31924003372657}, author = {William R. Hart and Orion A. Morton} } @book {6830, title = {Learning and doing}, year = {1914}, publisher = {Bobbs-Merrill Company}, organization = {Bobbs-Merrill Company}, address = {Indianapolis, IN}, author = {Edgar James Swift} } @mastersthesis {7935, title = {Organizations for boys and their educational value}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1914}, school = {Clark University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Gault W. Pleasant} } @booklet {7056, title = {What club work is doing for Montana{\textquoteright}s farm and home life}, year = {1914}, author = {Montana Extension Service} } @mastersthesis {7934, title = {Extension work in home economics in normal schools}, volume = {M.H.E.}, year = {1913}, school = {Michigan Agricultural College, East Lansing}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100886605}, author = {Paulina E. Raven} } @book {6828, title = {The corn lady: The story of a country teacher{\textquoteright}s work}, year = {1911}, pages = {107 p. incl. front., illus.}, publisher = {A. Flanagan Co.}, organization = {A. Flanagan Co.}, address = {Chicago, IL}, abstract = {

Book of work and book of agricultural field experiments.

}, url = {https://archive.org/details/cornladystoryac01shamgoog}, author = {Jessie Field} } @mastersthesis {7933, title = {The psychology of the club; a study in social psychology}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1911}, note = {

Also published in The Pedagogical Seminary, v.18 (3), 1911. \ p.\ 353-414

}, school = {Clark University, Worcester, MA}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Lewis D. Hartson} }