@article {10060, title = {Lesson Plan Helps Volunteers Improve Learning Among 4-H Youths in Animal Projects}, journal = {The Journal of Extension}, volume = {58}, year = {2020}, month = {2020/06/01/}, isbn = {1077-5315}, url = {https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol58/iss3/18}, author = {Ewers, Timothy and Nash, Scott and Ruth, Alaena and Piaskowski, Julia} } @mastersthesis {9962, title = {Demographics, impacts, \& motivations of Michigan 4-h horse judges}, year = {2019}, month = {2019}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {East Lansing, MI}, abstract = {

The horse industry is a thriving, diverse industry with many breeds, disciplines, and levels of competition. Horse judges are a focal point of horse shows, given that their opinions are central to the competitive activity. There is very little known about horse judges, although, a survey done by Skelly et al. (2005) at an equine extension workshop found only 4\% of respondents were comfortable with the current state of horse show ethics and 70\% of respondents felt it was the judges\&$\#$39; responsibility to uphold ethics at horses shows, showing dissatisfaction with judges. The Michigan 4-H Horse Judges survey was developed with the aims of identifying demographic information, motivations for becoming a horse judge, and how judges gained their horse judging skills. The results showed that the current average age of surveyed judges was 48.6 years, with a range from 23 to 81. Respondents identified judging an average of 15 shows per year, for a total of 790 shows represented annually (n = 53). Respondents identified primary positive themes of being a 4-H horse judge as the educational atmosphere, meeting people, and personal and professional fulfillment. The top negative themes included negative attitudes, long days, poor weather, and time away from family. Respondents also identified their motivations for becoming judges as giving back, helping others, and working with horses and youth; all of which may enhance the quality of life of judges and exhibitors. This information is important as it informs both the literature for future research on the horse judging experience, as well as the impacts of 4-H horse judging activities.

}, url = {https://doi.org/10.25335/enpj-8a91}, author = {Rising, Maria Rose} } @mastersthesis {10070, title = {4-H Agent Longevity and Youth Participation and Perception: A Case Study}, year = {2018}, month = {2018}, school = {Virginia Tech}, type = {Masters}, abstract = {

This study examined the influence of the 4-H agent and how the length of time an agent is employed in a community affects the perception of the quality and visibility of the 4-H program based on the theory of Positive Youth Development. The objective of this study was to determine if there was a relationship between the length of time an agent has been employed in a county and what effect, if any, it has on the perceptions of the youth ages 14-19 that are enrolled in the 4-H program. A total of 138 youth participated in the survey from 21 different counties in Virginia. The study found the positive influence of the 4-H agent in a county and the 4-H program and that these employees are an important part of a youth\’s 4-H career. Further research is needed to determine the time at which agents begin to make significant impact on the youth enrolled in their county programs. Programmatic recommendations include conducting a more in depth needs assessment including agents in the 8-11 year employment range and outside stakeholders.

}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86425}, author = {Ransdell, Leona P.} } @article {9974, title = {Designing an International Experience Program for 4-H Members in Louisiana}, journal = {Journal of Human Sciences and Extension}, volume = {6}, year = {2018}, month = {2018/02/28/}, abstract = {

In recent years, the U.S. Cooperative Extension Program (CEP) has worked to develop international exchange programs (IEPs) for 4-H members in some states. However, no such program currently exists in Louisiana. As such, the purpose of this descriptive study was to identify the IEP participation preferences held by 4H members in Louisiana to inform future IEP development and implementation. 4-H members in this study preferred to participate in a short-term IEP during the summer of the 11th grade. Thus, it is recommended that IEP recruitment be geared toward students in the 9th and 10th grades. 4-H members preferred to participate in an IEP located in Europe or Australia/New Zealand. Future research should examine which characteristics of these locations appeal to 4-H members to broaden the appeal of IEPs in other locations. Career related courses and hands-on experience were perceived by 4-H members as important activities to include in the IEP design, whereas staying with a host family was not. Future research should assess whether this finding is specific to members in this study or representative of a national trend that warrants reexamination of the overall design of 4-H IEPs employed by the U.S. CEP.

}, keywords = {4-H members, developmental evaluation, international experience program (IEP)}, url = {https://www.jhseonline.com/article/view/649}, author = {Rampold, Shelli D. and Cater, Melissa and Bunch, J. C.} } @article {9980, title = {Youths Perceive Some Improvement in Substance Abuse Prevention Knowledge, Skills, and Assets from Participation in 4-H Health Rocks!}, journal = {The Journal of Extension}, volume = {55}, year = {2017}, month = {2017}, abstract = {

The 4-H Health Rocks! curriculum aims to reduce use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs and promote healthful lifestyle choices among 8- to 14-y

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2017august/rb9.php}, author = {Reeves, Kane T. and Donaldson, Joseph L. and Naylor, Mitchell and LeBleu, Lisa} } @mastersthesis {9967, title = {ICook 4-H intervention: food-related behavior and intake of adult main meal preparers participating in a 5-state childhood obesity prevention study}, year = {2016}, month = {2016}, school = {University of Nebraska-Lincoln}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Lincoln, NE}, abstract = {

Childhood obesity affects 12.7 million children within the United States. The need for childhood obesity prevention programs is high. Research supports family-centered programs and health interventions rooted within the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT); the iCook 4-H program combines these attributes. The objective of this study was to assess differences in adult outcome variables between control and treatment participants and whether the program impacted food security status. Participants consisted of adult-youth pairs (dyads) that included a 9-10 year-old child and their adult primary meal preparer. The focus of this project was to provide findings on adult participants only. The program was implemented in Maine, Nebraska, South Dakota, Tennessee, and West Virginia. Within each state, treatment (n=150) and control dyads (n=77) were recruited through Extension, 4-H, and community programs with flyers, in-person contact and email. Dyads participated in 6 educational sessions over the course of 12 weeks that focused on culinary skills, family mealtime, healthful eating, meal planning, and physical activity. Adult outcomes collected included self-reported food intake, procurement, preparation and safety practices, parent-child feeding relationships, family mealtime routines, quality of life, food security status, program evaluation, BMI, and measured blood pressure. Descriptive statistics are presented for demographics at baseline. A linear mixed model approach was used to analyze data across time points (0, 4, and 12 months). A p \<0.10 level of significance was used. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Mac (Version 23.0, 2015, IBM Corp). As a result of participating in the iCook 4-H program, adult treatment participants reported significant improvements in the following: fruit intake, shopping with a grocery list, using the \"Nutrition Facts\" label, eating less family meals at restaurants, receiving honest answers to questions from family members, food security status, planning weekly meals, enjoying making meals with their child, and kitchen skill confidence.

}, url = {http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/nutritiondiss/66/}, author = {Richardson, Kyla A} } @mastersthesis {10023, title = {Preparing for Effective Program Dissemination and Implementation: An Analysis of Problems and Proposals for the iCook 4-H Program}, volume = {Masters}, year = {2016}, month = {2016}, school = {The University of Maine}, abstract = {

While much effort has gone into the creation of obesity prevention programs like iCook 4-H, such programs remain largely under-utilized. The disconnect between research and practice highlights the necessity of dissemination and implementation strategies to ensure programs become adopted into practice. Creating a well-informed systematic approach to implementation will ensure that the iCook 4-H program will be implemented efficaciously and sustainably to improve the health of generations to come. The goal of this research was to implement the pilot dissemination and describe the findings in the context of the Quality Implementation Framework. The objectives were to report outcomes of the iCook 4-H pilot dissemination, identify factors that promoted or inhibited successful dissemination, and provide suggestions QIF-based suggestion for improvement of future iCook 4-H dissemination and implementation. Careful attention to detail was paid in earlier stages of the iCook study while developing the iCook 4-H three-pronged approach of program, process, and fidelity evaluation to be consistent and reliable over time. This system of evaluation generates data on effectiveness of the iCook program (which was adressed in the iCook intervention study). In the context of dissemination and implementation it also illuminates the successes and failures in program packaging and determines if actual program delivery aligns with intended program delivery. Process evaluation results of the iCook 4-H pilot dissemination showed that both youth and adult participants identified the key components (concrete as well as abstract) of the program which is an indicator of efficacy. Program evaluation analysis demonstrated significantly increased scores from pre to post intervention in overall outcome measures (and the majority of youth subscales) 87.44\±10.57 to 90.89\±6.98 in adults and 180.26\±29.74 to 200.10\±28.67 in youth. Fidelity evaluations demonstrated that sites maintained high attendance (average of 91\%) and participants were highly engaged in sessions (session averages of 3-4 on a 1-4 scale). Through third-party fidelity assessment, leaders were categorized as effective to highly effective (3.3-4 on a 1-4 scale) and were able to cover session materials and meet objectives within or below the intended session duration. Based on this assessment, the resources provided to leaders were deemed sufficient. While novel and well designed, this three-pronged approach to evaluation was not intended to serve as a complete dissemination and implementation (D\&I) plan. Significant exploration into dissemination and implementation strategies and frameworks was not completed prior to the pilot dissemination study. By evaluating the iCook 4-H pilot dissemination through the lens of the Quality

}, url = {https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/2548}, author = {Randall, Jodi L.} } @article {9976, title = {Teaching Record-Keeping Skills to 4-H Youths Through Experiential Learning Techniques}, journal = {The Journal of Extension (JOE)}, volume = {54}, year = {2016}, month = {2016}, abstract = {

Teaching record keeping for breeding projects in a way that keeps youths engaged is a difficult task. The activity discussed in this article was

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2016october/tt5.php}, author = {Roland, Tyanne J. and Fisher, Meredith} } @article {7490, title = {College transition study shows 4-H helps youth prepare for and succeed in college}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {53}, year = {2015}, abstract = {

Many young adults enter college without the knowledge and skills necessary to succeed. The purpose of the study was to determine if 4-H helps develop life skills needed for the transition to college and overall college success. College attending 4-H alumni were compared with comparison group on six life skills.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2015august/a7.php}, author = {Judy Ratkos and Lauren Knollenberg} } @mastersthesis {10016, title = {A Descriptive Study of Teens{\textquoteright} Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy}, volume = {Masters}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, school = {Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College}, url = {https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/1009}, author = {Roger, Cherie} } @article {9945, title = {The Factors That Influence the Involvement of Youth in Pennsylvania 4-H Extension District 16 Livestock Programs}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {53}, year = {2015}, month = {08/2015}, pages = {9 pages}, chapter = {4RIB4}, keywords = {livestock}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2015august/rb4.php}, author = {Weikert, Ben and Hoover, Tracy and Radhakrishna, Rama B and Swinker, Ann} } @article {7438, title = {Transformative learning and the 4-H camp counselor experience in Minnesota}, journal = {Journal of Human Sciences and Extension}, volume = {3}, year = {2015}, month = {October 2015}, pages = {1-17}, url = {https://www.jhseonline.com/article/view/740}, author = {Donna Leth and Michael S. Ratallick and Nancy K. Franz} } @article {10066, title = {Using relational developmental systems theory to link program goals, activities, and outcomes: The sample case of the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development}, journal = {New Directions for Youth Development}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, pages = {17 - 30}, abstract = {

In contemporary developmental science, relational development systems models have been used to frame the positive youth development (PYD) perspective, which posits that youth will thrive when there is alignment between their strengths and ecological resources in their context. Evidence from the 4-H Study of PYD indicates that out-of-school-time youth development programs are key ecological resources enhancing youth thriving. This chapter discusses the particular facets of youth development programs (the \“Big Three\”\—positive and sustained adult\–youth relationships, skill-building activities, and youth leadership opportunities) involved in promoting youth thriving. The importance of using theory to design and implement programs is also discussed, and challenges of reaching the diversity of American youth with effective programs are noted.

}, isbn = {1533-8916}, url = {https://journals.scholarsportal.info/details/15338916/v2014i0144/17_urdstt4sopyd.xml}, author = {Lerner, Richard M. and Wang, Jun and Chase, Paul A. and Gutierrez, Akira S. and Harris, Elise M. and Rubin, Rachel O. and Yalin, Ceren} } @article {7488, title = {Effectiveness of the 4-H program as perceived by parents of 4-H participants}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {51}, year = {2013}, note = {

Research in Brief 4RIB8

}, month = {August 2013}, abstract = {

This study examined the effectiveness of the 4-H program as perceived by parents of program participants. A descriptive-correlational designed was employed, with data collected using a mail survey. Parents perceived 4-H as an effective organzation in teaching life skills to youth. Significant relationships were found between parents\&$\#$39; skills and skills outh learn in 4-H. Two variables--skills and belonging--explained 28.8 percent of the variance in youth life skills, suggesting when parents view their children\&$\#$39;s participation in 4-H is important and helps demonstrate the importance of life skills, youth learn needed life skills--cmmunications, decision making and goal setting.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2013august/rb8.php}, author = {Rama B. Radhakrishna and C. Foley and Patreese D. Ingram and John C. Ewing} } @article {7599, title = {Perceptions of Texas 4-H livestock ambassadors on career development, higher education, and leadership development}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {51}, year = {2013}, abstract = {

Selected 4-H youth participated in the Texas 4-H Livestock Ambassador program. Forty-five youth participated in the 3 day program delivered by university professors and staff. An instrument wsa developed and administered to the ambassadors at the end of their first year of service. The findings indicaed that the ambassador program increased their understanding of career development, higher education, and leadership development.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2013december/rb6.php}, author = {William F. Zanolini and John Rayfield and Jeff Ripley} } @mastersthesis {9886, title = {The development and understanding of responsibility through the role of Ohio 4-H camp counselor}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2012}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Columbus, OH}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to learn about the process of responsibility development as it develops through participation in the 4-H camp counseling program. The objectives were to (a) determine what contributes to teens becoming more responsible through their role as 4-H camp counselors, and (b) understand the role of adults in the development of responsibility in 4-H camp counselor. An non-experimental design incorporating both qualitative and quantitative methods was used. Five data sets were collected, which reflected different perspectives (teens, observer, and adult leaders). The findings documented that teens clearly knew what it meant to be responsible and they recognized both positive and negative consequences that may result from how they perform their role. The conditions that contribute, include: the setting where it occurs, the interactions of the people involved and the nature of roles to be performed. Adults played an integral role. Conceptual models were developed to represent the process from the viewpoint of the teens and from the adult leaders.

}, url = {http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343757858}, author = {Leslie Risch} } @conference {9948, title = {Effectiveness of 4-H Program as Perceived by Parents of 4-H Participants}, booktitle = {North Central American Association for Agricultural Education Conference}, year = {2012}, note = {

This paper begins on page 120 of the proceedings

}, month = {2012}, address = {Urbana-Champaign, IL}, url = {http://aaaeonline.org/Resources/Documents/Research\%20Conference\%20Proceedings,\%20North\%20Central\%202012.pdf}, author = {Radhakrishna, Rama B and Foley, Caitlin and Ewing, John C and Ingram, Patrreese D} } @article {7443, title = {South Carolina{\textquoteright}s model for initiating Hispanic 4-H clubs}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {50}, year = {2012}, note = {

Ideas at Work 6IAW5

}, month = {December 2012}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2012december/iw5.php}, author = {Robert Lippert and Kellye Shofner Rembert} } @conference {9947, title = {Use of Experiential Learning in 4-H Clubs: Implications for 4-H Programs}, booktitle = {North Central American Association for Agricultural Education Conference}, year = {2012}, note = {

This paper begins on page 18 of the proceedings

}, month = {2012}, address = {Urbana-Champaign, IL}, url = {http://aaaeonline.org/Resources/Documents/Research\%20Conference\%20Proceedings,\%20North\%20Central\%202012.pdf}, author = {Bechtel, Robyn and Ewing, John C and Radhakrishna, Rama B} } @article {7259, title = {Characteristics and perceptions of 4-H participants: Gender and age differences across adolescence}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {49}, year = {2011}, abstract = {

The study reported here examined 367 adolescent 4-H participants in terms of demographic, psychological, behavioral and relational characteristics as well as their perceptions and experiences in 4-H. Overall, participants scored high on all outcome variables except having a diverse population in their culb. Older participants were more optimistic and were more satisfied with their 4-H experiences. Girls appeared to be healthier in regards to psychological characteristics, positive behaviors and relationships with peers and other adults and were more satisfied with their experiences.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2011june/a6.php}, author = {Karin Bartoszuk and Brandy A. Randall} } @article {7328, title = {The influence of past experiences on the motivation of adult volunteers}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {6}, year = {2011}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to describe factors thaqt motivate 4-H camp volunteers to work with youth. Participants that were not involved wiht 4-H as a youth volunteered more days per year than did participants who were former members.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2011.198}, author = {Marcus Eason and A. Christian Morgan and Dennis W. Duncan and John C. Ricketts} } @article {7486, title = {Relationships between 4-H volunteer leader competencies and skills youth learn in 4-H programs}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {49}, year = {2011}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2011august/rb2.php}, author = {Rama B. Radhakrishna and John C. Ewing} } @article {7262, title = {Assessing ground safety knowledge of North Carolina 4-H horse program participants}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {48}, year = {2010}, note = {

Research in Brief 3RIB5

}, month = {June 2010}, abstract = {

The objectives of this study were to develop a benchmark of current ground safety skills among North Carolina 4-H horse camp participants and to identify relationships between demographic factors of 4-H horse camp participants and their total ground safety score. 4-H members are lacking in ground safety knowldege and this is important as third to one-fourth of horse injuries occur when the rider is on the ground. Based on low ground safety mean scores, 4-H members did not follow good basic ground safety practices with horses. There was no statistically significant relationship between the participant\&$\#$39;s age, years of riding experience, the number of years they had been involved in the 4-H horse program and their total ground safety score.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2010june/rb5.php}, author = {C. Beck and J. Rayfield and J. Flowers and D. Jones} } @mastersthesis {9848, title = {Life skills and benefits from South Dakota 4-H}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2010}, school = {South Dakota State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Audrey Jo Rider} } @article {9946, title = {Perceptions of 4-H Extension Educators and Volunteer Leaders toward the Inclusion of Youth with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder(s) in 4-H Programs}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {5}, year = {2010}, month = {03/2010}, pages = {16-28}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2010.227}, author = {Mpofu, Chido and Ingram, Patrreese D and Radhakrishna, Rama B} } @mastersthesis {9818, title = {Balancing work and family responsibilities as an Extension 4-H agent}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2009}, school = {Mississippi State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The group experiencing the stressors to the most detrimental level was the members of the \"Sandwich Generation\" which include employees aged 35-54 and who find their careers sandwiched between raising children and caring for aging parents.

}, author = {Joseph Richard Rhea Jr.} } @mastersthesis {9815, title = {Identifying entry-level skills expected by agricultural industry experts and determining teachers{\textquoteright} perceptions on whether they are being learned through students{\textquoteright} participation in the supervised agricultural experience....}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2009}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Secondary agricultural education teachers and state FFA proficiency award sponsors in Oklahoma were surveyed in this descriptive study using a modified Delphi technique that included 3 rounds of data collection. Most of the panelist reported participation in supervised agricultural experiences or 4-H projects during their youth. Findings identified entry-level technical skills, per the seven career pathways.

}, author = {Jon W. Ramsey} } @article {7410, title = {Impact of year long 4-H Japanese internship experiences on United States participants}, journal = {Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education}, volume = {16}, year = {2009}, month = {Spring 2009}, pages = {15-31}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2009.16102}, author = {Patreese D. Ingram and CherRhonda Smith-Hollins and Rama B. Radhakrishna} } @mastersthesis {9816, title = {Indiana 4-H horse and pony adult volunteers{\textquoteright} valuation of equine welfare}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2009}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine the value that Indiana 4-H horse and pony adult volunteers place on skills that reflect aspects of equine well-being. The volunteer educators were asked to assign a value to components of the Five Freedoms framework of animal welfare.

Skills related to nutrition, malnutrition and thirst were the most highly regarded and skills related to physical facility management and design were the least valued in regards to responsible care and use of horses. Different assignments of value were observed based on previous horse ownership, education level and familiarity with the programmatic source of the skills.

}, author = {Natalie M. Rappaport} } @mastersthesis {9817, title = {Perceptions of county Extension 4-H agents/educators regarding essential elements and delivery modes of positive youth development and their collective impact on character}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2009}, school = {Clemson University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, address = {Clemson, SC}, abstract = {

The purpose of this research was to investigate the perceptions of county 4-H agents/educators regarding the level of emphasis placed on the eight elements (caring adult, safe environment, mastery, service, self-determination, inclusiveness, futuristic view, and engagement) in each of the four delivery modes (clubs, special interest, school enrichment and camping. Participants replied to a web-based survey. The findings from this study supported earlier research regarding the impact of 4-H youth development. Significant results were shown for: 4-H school enrichment and club activities.

}, url = {https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/412/}, author = {Kellye Shofner Rembert} } @article {7492, title = {Social networking among youth: How is 4-H represented?}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {47}, year = {2009}, abstract = {

How do 4-H members represent themselves and 4-H on the pages they post. How are educators engaging and promoting programs on such sites.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2009october/a6.php}, author = {Emily Rhoades and Jerold R. Thomas and Annie Davis} } @article {7485, title = {Teaching leadership and communication skills and responsibilities: A comparison of 4-H and other youth organizations}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {47}, year = {2009}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2009april/a6.php}, author = {Rama B. Radhakrishna and Prosper Doamekpor} } @article {7380, title = {A descriptive view of the 4-H club experience through the lens of 4-H youth}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {3}, year = {2008}, note = {

online

}, month = {Winter 2008}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2008.285}, author = {Lisa A. Guion and Blanca E. Rivera} } @article {7504, title = {Middle school dropout? Enrollment trends in the California 4-H youth development program.}, journal = {Applied Development Science}, volume = {12}, year = {2008}, month = {March 2008}, pages = {1-9}, abstract = {This study used proportional hazards modeling, also known as survival analysis, with over 221,000 youth in the California 4-H Youth Development Program data during 1992-2002 to examine patterns of enrollment, retention, and dropout.
Results showed that enrollment was greatest among youth ages 10-13 in 2002. There was a trend toward dropout beyond age 11. Enrollment was fairly stable at the younger ages, but dropout accelerated in middle school and beyond and was not made up by new youth joining the program at that age. Two-thirds of the new enrollees were between 8 and 12 and fewer than 14 percent joined at high school age.
The average number of years youth spent in the program was greatest for youth who joined at age 9 (3.85 years spent enrolled on average). Results showed that white youth and those living on farms were less likely to drop out of the program than other young people.}, doi = {10.1080/10888690801910476}, author = {Steven T. Russell and Katherine E. Heck} } @article {7409, title = {Perceptions of retinal imaging technology for verifying the identity of 4-H ruminant animals}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {46}, year = {2008}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine perceptions of 4-H members and volunteers regarding use of retinal imagery to identify 4-H animals. Retinal imaging was perceived to be an accurate and efficient method of livestock identification. Skill and practice is involved in capturing a quality image.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2008october/rb9.php}, author = {Brian M. Howell and Clinton P. Rusk and Christine R. Blomeke and Renee Krieg McKee and Ronald P. Lemenager} } @inbook {6794, title = {2006 Colorado County 4-H \& Youth Ag Literacy/Safety Program Evaluations}, booktitle = {2007 Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2007}, abstract = {A post questionnaire was used to evaluate knowledge gained by students at the Farm Safety/Health Day when students were introduced to a variety of farm safety and health issues such as gun, ATV, and poison safety. A total of 329 evaluations were sent out with 99 (30\%) returned. The greatest increase of knowledge was in regard to pesticide safety. Anecdotal data also provided.}, author = {S. Garrett and D. Rankin} } @inbook {6796, title = {2006 Youth Character Education Program Evaluation}, booktitle = {2007 Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2007}, pages = {47-49}, abstract = {The youth Character Education Program had been initiated to address risk factors, social or substance that have a negative influence on the youth in Karnes County. Utilizing the 4-H and Youth Committee, the program was implemented for 3rd, 4th, and 5th graders in two school districts in the county. A pre-post evaluation concerning student attitudes was conducted by every teacher in each grade during the 2005-2006 school year. The teachers rated various attitude levels in September 2005 before the students started the program and again in May 2006. Improvements were shown in all factors among 88-100\% of the students}, author = {D. Hale and J. Russell} } @proceedings {6869, title = {Developing a scale to measure attitudes toward 4-H competitions}, year = {2007}, pages = {45}, abstract = {An expert panel named the six factors as: competition{\textquoteright}s societal role, benefits of competitions, organizational role of competitions, balancing (winning vs. losing) competitions, and negative perceptions of competitions. These six factors provided evidence for a valid and reliable scale for measuring attitudes toward competitions.}, author = {Rama B. Radhakrishna} } @article {7487, title = {Attitudes of 4-H participants about 4-H competitive events}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006december/rb3.php}, author = {Rama B. Radhakrishna and Lydia Everhart and Megan E. Sinasky} } @article {7269, title = {Attitudes of Extension professionals toward involvement of special needs youth in 4-H programs}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006december/a4.php}, author = {Deborah A. Boone and Harry N. Boone, Jr. and Christina Reed and Jean M. Woloshuk and Stacy A. Gartin} } @article {7489, title = {Educational value of 4-H competitive events as perceived by parents of 4-H participants}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {47}, year = {2006}, pages = {70-80}, author = {Rama B. Radhakrishna} } @article {7500, title = {An evaluation of retinal imaging technology for 4-H beef and sheep identification}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, abstract = {

This study evaluated retinal imaging technology as a means of permanent identification of 4-H beef and sheep projects by comparing the time required to collect a retinal image versus a nose print, and determining the false match and false non-match rate of visual vertification for each identification method.

Abstract also published in NAE4-HA Conference Proceedings, \"Touching Tomorrow Today\" in Bismark, ND, October 21-25, 2001.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006october/a7.php}, author = {Clinton P. Rusk and Christine R. Blomeke and Mark A. Balschweid and Stephen J. Elliott and Dan Baker} } @article {7536, title = {Horsemanship and life skills of youth in horse programs}, journal = {The Professional Animal Scientist}, volume = {22}, year = {2006}, month = {February 2006}, pages = {89-93}, abstract = {

Also published as a monograph: \"Kids + Horses = Magic: Impact of equine activities on youth development, by the same authors in February 2006, 16 pp.

}, doi = {10.15232/S1080-7446(15)31066-4}, author = {C. E. Smith and Swinker, Ann and P. M. Comerford and Radhakrishna, Rama B and Hoover, Tracy} } @mastersthesis {9747, title = {Impact of a health intervention in Latino children in Central Ohio}, year = {2006}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, abstract = {

Jump into food and fitness (JIFF) an intervention program targeted for elementary school-age children was developed by a 4-H team at Michigan State University to educate children 8-11 about food choices, nutrition and physical fitness. The purpose of this study was to test the implementation of this curriculum with Latino children and to develop and pilot evaluation tools for its implementation.

Seven sessions (once a week) of instruction by the primary investigator to this group of 12 children. Tools successful in measuring acquired knowledge, but benefit of training was inconsistent for this sample of children.

}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/1811/6508}, author = {Laura Romstedt} } @article {7552, title = {Leadership styles and volunteer administration competence: Perceptions of 4-H county faculty in the United States}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006february/rb6.php}, author = {Nicole Stedman and Rick Rudd} } @article {7494, title = {Mentoring: A promising approach for involving at-risk youth in 4-H}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {44}, year = {2006}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2006june/a5.php}, author = {Kathleen Riggs and Thomas Lee and James P. Marshall and Ellen Serfustini and JoLene Bunnell} } @article {7379, title = {Statistical testing of a measure of youth{\textquoteright}s perceived improvement in life skills}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {1}, year = {2006}, note = {

Article No. 0602RS002, online

}, month = {September 2006}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2006.389}, author = {Lisa A. Guion and Blanca E. Rivera} } @mastersthesis {9717, title = {Development of youth leadership life skills of Texas youth as San Antonio livestock exposition school tour guides}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2005}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {https://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1332}, author = {Laura A. Real} } @proceedings {6868, title = {Educational value of 4-H competitive events as perceived by 4-H participants}, year = {2005}, note = {abstract}, pages = {40}, author = {Rama B. Radhakrishna} } @article {7483, title = {Experiences of 4-H Japanese exchange program on participants: An evaluative study}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {43}, year = {2005}, note = {

Research in Brief 3RIB3

}, month = {June 2005}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2005june/rb3.php}, author = {Rama B. Radhakrishna and Patreese D. Ingram} } @article {7385, title = {An in-depth look at 4-H enrollment and retention}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {43}, year = {2005}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2005october/rb4.php}, author = {Amy Harder and Alexa Lamm and Dennis Lamm and Rose Herbert III and Glen Rask} } @proceedings {6866, title = {Influence of 4-H program on former 4-H members{\textquoteright} career and life experiences}, year = {2005}, author = {Rama B. Radhakrishna}, editor = {Edmond P. Bowers and G. John Geldhof and Sara K. Johnson and Lacey J. Hilliard and Rachel M. Hershberg and Jacqueline V. Lerner and Richard M. Lerner} } @proceedings {6871, title = {Involving 4-H/youth development educators to strengthen community engagement in sustainable local food system}, year = {2005}, note = {abstract}, pages = {56}, author = {Rama B. Radhakrishna and Joan Thomson and Audrey Maretzki} } @proceedings {6870, title = {Participation in 4-H projects and activities contribute to leadership and personal development}, year = {2005}, note = {abstract}, pages = {64}, author = {Rama B. Radhakrishna and Megan E. Sinasky} } @mastersthesis {9718, title = {Predicting preservice agriculture teachers{\textquoteright} intentions to teach utilizing person inputs, contextual influences, teacher efficacy, and outcome expectations}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2005}, school = {University of Florida}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Perceptions of teacher efficacy and teaching expectations were significant predictors of intentions to teach agricultural, accounting for 44\% of the variance. Gender, years in agricultural education and teaching expectations were significant predictors of intended length of teaching tenure. Most participants had been actively involved in 4-H FFA and enrolled in agricultural education.

}, url = {https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0010003/00001/citation}, author = {Steven John Rocca} } @article {7430, title = {Risk factors affecting high school drop out rates and 4-H teen program planning}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {43}, year = {2005}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2005august/rb6.php}, author = {Alexa Lamm and Amy Harder and Dennis Lamm and Herb Rose III and Glen Rask} } @article {7548, title = {Wonderwise 4-H: Following in the footsteps of women scientists}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {43}, year = {2005}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2005august/a3.php}, author = {Amy N. Spiegel and S. Kay Rockwell and Deanna Acklie and Saundra Wever Frerichs and Kathleen French and Judy Diamond} } @mastersthesis {9696, title = {Attitudes of extension agents and program assistants in West Virginia towards involvement of special needs populations in 4-H programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2004}, note = {

Available Online

}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Christina L. Reed} } @mastersthesis {9697, title = {The importance of 4-H and FFA in the College of Agriculture}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {2004}, school = {California Polytechnic State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Joshua Rodrigues} } @article {7767, title = {New foundations for the 4-H youth development profession: 4-H professional research, knowledge, and competencies study}, year = {2004}, note = {

Conducted in cooperation with the National 4-H Professional Development Task Force

}, pages = {29 pp.}, institution = {National 4-H Headquarters, Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service, USDA}, author = {Barbara Stone and Roger Alan Rennekamp} } @mastersthesis {9695, title = {Plant Scanner: A handheld PDA using RFID tags for child visitors to the Michigan 4-H Children{\textquoteright}s Garden}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2004}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Aparna Rajan Ramchandran} } @proceedings {6867, title = {4-H enrollment trends in Pennsylvania: Implication for Extension research and programming}, year = {2003}, author = {Rama B. Radhakrishna and F. Leite and P. Hoy} } @article {7418, title = {Building life skills through afterschool participation in experiential and cooperative learning}, journal = {Child Study Journal}, volume = {33}, year = {2003}, pages = {165-174}, abstract = {The study examines the develoment of life skills within a sample of kindergarten through sixth grade students enrolled in 4-H afterschool programs. Results show that children show life skill gain over time and that gains on specific life skills differe as a function of age, gender and ethnicity.}, author = {Sharon Junge and Sue Manglallan and J. Raskauskas} } @mastersthesis {9664, title = {Community leadership development: An outcome evaluation of Indiana{\textquoteright}s leadership 20/20 program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2003}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kendra Redmon} } @mastersthesis {9667, title = {Developing critical multicultural practice: An action approach}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2003}, school = {University of Minnesota}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Leon Andre Rodrigues} } @mastersthesis {9668, title = {Does having FFA and/or 4-H experience in high school have any effect on college retention?}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {2003}, school = {California Polytechnic State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Jamie Lee Ruggerio} } @mastersthesis {9665, title = {Exploring the process of civic engagement: A phenomenological case study}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {2003}, note = {

Available Online

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Deborah Lynn Reno} } @article {7501, title = {The impact of raising and exhibiting selected 4-H livestock projects on the development of life and project skills}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {44}, year = {2003}, pages = {1-11}, abstract = {

Responses from 176 of 420 4-H members involved in livestock projects showed they wre able to accomplish skills in sportsmanship, safety, and animal grooming and selection, but were less confident about animal health care. the sense of responsibility acquired from these projects was applied to homework, punctuality and care for younger siblings.

}, doi = {10.5032/jae.2003.03001}, author = {Clinton P. Rusk and Jill M. Summerlot-Early and Krisanna L. Machtmes and B. Allen Talbert and Mark A. Balschweid} } @mastersthesis {9666, title = {The relationship between participation in 4-H and community leadership in rural Colorado}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2003}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Aileen Claire Rickert} } @inbook {6807, title = {A survey of youth leadership organizations in Hidalgo County, Youth leadership survey results}, booktitle = {Texas 4-H Research Review}, year = {2003}, pages = {38-51}, author = {D. Rankin} } @article {7527, title = {A comparison of traditional and world wide web methodologies, computer anxiety and higher order thinking sills in the in-service training of Mississippi 4-H Extension agents}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {43}, year = {2002}, pages = {25-36}, abstract = {This study compared traditional and world wide web based Extension agent in-service training in Mississippi with respect to higher-order thinking skills and computer anxiety. Researchers found no statistically significant difference in the post-test based on the training methodology, the agents{\textquoteright} level of computer anxiety or the interaction of these two variables. However, the interaction between type of training method (traditional or web-based) and computer anxiety was statistically significant at the .10 level of significance. Researchers concluded that agents in the traditional group scored statistically significantly higher than agents in the web-based group on the application level post-test.}, author = {Julie Steadman Sexton and Matt Raven and Michael E. Newman} } @article {7502, title = {Electronic identification of 4-H livestock projects}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {40}, year = {2002}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2002december/rb3.php}, author = {Clinton P. Rusk} } @article {7503, title = {Teaching youth through 4-H animal science workshops}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {40}, year = {2002}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2002october/iw7.php}, author = {Clinton P. Rusk and Krisanna Machtmes} } @article {7274, title = {Does study abroad make a difference? An impact assessment of the International 4-H youth exchange program}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {39}, year = {2001}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2001october/rb8.php}, author = {Barry G. Boyd and Chistie Giebler and Matthew Hince and Yaru Liu and Neha Mehta and Ryan Rash and Jennifer Rowald and Carlos Saldana and Yvonne Yanta} } @mastersthesis {9598, title = {Evaluation of an assessment-based youth development program designed to provide underprivileged youth with educational and employment resources}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2001}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Tara Lynn Romano} } @mastersthesis {9575, title = {An analysis of leadership life skills development through 4-H in the North Texas district}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {2000}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Patricia Gail-Fountain Richey} } @proceedings {6879, title = {Tractor safety certification: A multi-curricula approach}, year = {1999}, note = {

abstract

}, pages = {69}, author = {Roger L. Tormoehlen and Randall Reeder and Ernest Sheldon} } @booklet {7049, title = {Understanding the difference 4-H clubs make in the lives of New York youth: How 4-H contributes to positive youth development (final report)}, year = {1999}, author = {J. P. Mead and E. Rodriguez and T. A. Hirschel and S. E. Goggin} } @mastersthesis {9527, title = {A descriptive study of the Dunn County 4-H volunteer leaders}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1998}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Stout}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jerry Risler} } @mastersthesis {9529, title = {The effect of service-learning in developing leadership life skills}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1998}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Reyes Issac Rodriquez} } @mastersthesis {9530, title = {Every home a laboratory: Arizona farm women, the Extension service, and rural modernization, 1932-1952}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1998}, school = {Arizona State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Amy Elisa Ross} } @mastersthesis {9528, title = {Exploring the feasibility of developing partnerships between Hispanic-serving organizations and the 4-H clubs in the state of Texas in both urban and rural communities}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1998}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Reyes Isaac Rodrigues} } @article {7426, title = {Leadership skill development of teen leaders}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {36}, year = {1998}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1998june/rb1.php}, author = {Scott Kleon and Susan Rinehart} } @article {7854, title = {Community service: What 4-H youth groups do to make a difference}, year = {1997}, author = {Ellen Taylor-Powell and Greg Hutchins and Robyn Reed} } @mastersthesis {9480, title = {4-H pet care leader{\textquoteright}s guide}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1996}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University, Harrisburg}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Frederick Rudy} } @mastersthesis {9478, title = {Benefits of participating in 4-H judging activities as perceived by former Giles County 4-H members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1996}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kevin L. Rose} } @mastersthesis {9479, title = {Kolb{\textquoteright}s Learning Theory and the relationship of learning style preferences and teaching style preferences of extension educators}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1996}, note = {

Abstract by Ginger Larsen

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

A literature review indicated assumptions that teachers teach the way they learn and that comparing learning and teaching style instruments is difficult. The Trainer Type Inventory (TTI) and the Teaching Style Inventory (TSI) were conceptually based on Kolb\&$\#$39;s model of learning theory represented by the Learning Style Inventory (LSI). A theoretical basis was created to demonstrate the relationships between the four dimensions on these three instruments. Pennsylvania (non-formal) Extension educators completed the LSU, TTI, TSI and a demographic data page. The highest score on a dimension (out of four for each instrument), shows strongest preference to learn on the LSI, train (teach) on the TTI, use the listed teaching methods and techniques on the TSI. Based on the theoretical comparison of dimensions, the results from individual\&$\#$39;s highest scores were organized to show the type of relationship between instruments. Slightly over a third of PA educators showed a direct relationship between dimensions on the LSI, TTI and the TSI, indicating a preference to teach the way they learn. Under one third prefer to teach opposite of how they learn. Demographic data indicate 48.5\% of 4-H and youth development Extension agents show a direct relationship between preferences to learn and to teach. In the program area of family living, 42.8\% of agents shift their preferences with 37.8\% of agricultural agents teach opposite of how they prefer to learn. Racial background of the audience was not a conclusive factor in the preferences to teach or learn.

}, author = {Richard Michael Rudowski} } @article {7300, title = {Work patterns and occupational hazard exposures of North Carolina adolescents in 4-H clubs}, journal = {Injury Prevention}, volume = {2}, year = {1996}, pages = {274-277}, abstract = {Fourteen to 17 year old 4-H club members were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaires regarding their lifetime experience of work, hazard exposure, and injuries. More than three-quarters of teens in this study who worked on farms reported being injured there and 100\% were exposed to at least one farm hazard. Conclusions: Prevention efforts should target specific hazards youths are exposed to rather than the general work site.}, author = {Lisa Cohen and Carol Runyan and Kathleen Dunn and Michael Schulman} } @mastersthesis {9457, title = {Agent turnover in Ohio State University Extension}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1995}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The main purpose of the study was to determine why agents voluntarily left Ohio State University Extension between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 1994. The study found that those who voluntarily left were more likely to be Caucasian females in their early thirties holding a Master\&$\#$39;s degree who were married with no children. They are were also more likely to be in a non-tenure track position in a single county working in the 4-H program area. Recommendations were given.

}, author = {Laith M. Rousan} } @mastersthesis {9443, title = {4-H consumer life skills project: A test of knowledge and skills for making major purchasing decisions}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1994}, school = {Texas Woman{\textquoteright}s University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carol M. Roberts} } @mastersthesis {9444, title = {4-H leaders planbook}, volume = {B.A.}, year = {1994}, school = {California Polytechnic State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Bonnie Rookus} } @mastersthesis {9442, title = {The impact of demographic, parental monitoring variables and family structure on Asian eighth grade youth relative to participation in non-formal education}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1994}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study utilized previously collected data relating to the demographic factors, parental monitoring variables and family structure on two groups of Asian youth. The overall findings of the study showed little difference between Asian youth and non-Asian youth relative to their participation in non-formal education. Participation in service-learning programs was suggested as a possible alternative for bridging non-formal education.

}, author = {Bruce Allen Richards} } @mastersthesis {9419, title = {4-H volunteer leader guide for a swine project in the Santa Barbara County}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1993}, school = {California Polytechnic State University}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Jodi Rogers} } @article {7158, title = {Nationwide participation in 4-H during the 1980s: Information from the office of education NELS: 88 study}, year = {1993}, month = {July 1993}, pages = {39 pp.}, institution = {University of Wisconsin, Madison, Extension Service}, abstract = {

Authors summarized the analysis as follows: Teens could profit greatly from some teen-developed and controlled activitites which yield benefits both to the community and to themselves. Extension could help volunteers in community understand teens. Too few agencies and organizations controlled by adults are currently making the right activities available. Some Extension agents and volunteers have provided a forum for the kinds of experiences that teens need.
Few programs for early teens will be developed and succeed because too few adults are able to accept the kind of adult role needed to successfully help teeenagers to continue their learning.

}, author = {Sara M. Steele and T. Miller and K. Rai} } @article {7499, title = {Optimizing the 4-H exchange}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {31}, year = {1993}, note = {

Ideas at Work 4IAW2

}, month = {Winter 1993}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1993winter/iw2.php}, author = {Truda Roper} } @article {7332, title = {Overcoming barriers to a global outlook in 4-H}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {31}, year = {1993}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1993summer/intl2.php}, author = {Arlen Etling and Kimberly K. Reaman and Gwen El Sawi} } @mastersthesis {9418, title = {Professional competencies needed by extension agents in the Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1993}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {William Blaine Reynolds} } @article {7495, title = {Why youth drop out of 4-H}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {31}, year = {1993}, note = {

Research in Brief 1RIB3

}, month = {Spring 1993}, abstract = {

Ten dropouts between 10-13 years old and 10 between 14-18 years old from 10 counties in Indiana. The final selection process yielded 100 and out of this 92 youth could be contacted. Youth and their parents were interviewed over the phone. Youth represented a balance of rural, urban and mixed counties.The most common reason given by youth who dropped out was related to displeasure with 4-H clubs, ranging from boring meetings to not getting enough help with projects. The second reason was that youth were too busy with sports and third, that youth were too busy with a job.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1993spring/rb3.php}, author = {Robert Merle Ritchie and Kendra M. Resler} } @mastersthesis {9394, title = {An evaluability assessment of the Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service 4-H program}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1992}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

A representative work group of Extension agents, specialists and administrators identified and developed an educational effects matrix for each of five target audiences of the 4-H program--4-H youth, other youth, family members, leaders and policy makers, abstracted themes emerging from telephone interviews of 95 stakeholders and developed a logic model comprised of seven main events: assess needs, define Extension\&$\#$39;s role and nature of commitment, assess resources and develop program, acquire and/or train staff, initiate networks and coalitions, create awareness and promote program and provide educational experiences. The group also identified underlying activities and indicators for each event and the possible barriers and barrier reductions impeding the flow of the model\&$\#$39;s events to ultimate consequences. The work group concluded that: Louisiana 4-H has a positive image and that it should expand its audience and subject matter. Administrative approval and a commitment to accept the model with its implications were critical to its implementation. The researcher made a number of recommendations and conclusions including that LCES should actively hire personnel from non-traditional academic backgrounds and that additional research should be conducted.

}, author = {Robert Felix Richard} } @article {7498, title = {The learning styles of youth in nonformal agricultural education programs}, journal = {Journal of Agricultural Education}, volume = {33}, year = {1992}, month = {Spring 1992}, pages = {53-60}, author = {Timothy J. Rollins and Jan F. Scholl and Dennis C. Scanlon} } @mastersthesis {9393, title = {State Fair: Culture and agriculture in Iowa, 1854-1941}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1992}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Rutgers University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study identifies a distinctive middle western nineteenth and early twentieth century cultural institution, the Iowa State Fair. The researcher\&$\#$39;s main narrative is to show the fair\&$\#$39;s transformation from a scientific exhibition to a mass-entertainment carnival and to demonstrate how the fair created an image of Iowa\&$\#$39;s happy, prosperous farm life, primarily through its art and exhibits. The fair became a showcase for agricultural Extension and 4-H clubs. A study of Phil Stong\&$\#$39;s 1932 novel, State Fair and the film by the same title, depicted--according to the researcher--a place that still existed to a nation craving reassurance during the Great Depression.

}, author = {Chris Allen Rasmussen} } @mastersthesis {9366, title = {Evaluation of knowledge and skills of 4-H volunteers in Tulsa County who participated in the volunteer training: "Young People as Learners"}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1991}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Charlotte Leven Richert} } @conference {7914, title = {4-H experiences contributing to leadership and personal development of 4-H alumni}, booktitle = {NAE4-H Proceedings}, year = {1990}, address = {University Park, PA}, author = {Rama B. Radhakrishna and Megan E. Sinasky} } @article {7887, title = {Barriers to youth-at-risk programming}, year = {1990}, pages = {7 pp.}, author = {Gary Wayne Gerhard and Roger Alan Rennekamp} } @mastersthesis {9338, title = {International programming delivered by county 4-H professionals}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1990}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Kimberly K. Reaman} } @mastersthesis {9340, title = {Motives, incentives and disincentives of older adult volunteers in youth development and other youth organizations}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1990}, school = {University of North Carolina}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Shirley B. Rouse} } @mastersthesis {9339, title = {A text development process to improve the comprehensibility of educational text}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1990}, school = {Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study investigated a systematic process for improving the understanding or comprehensibility of the educational publications produced by the Cooperative Extension Service. A model of a publication development process based on learning principles was created. This study investigated the effectiveness of the model with Extension subject-matter specialists developing publications for 4-H youth. Specifically, this study was conducted in three parts: the model of the text-development process was taught to subject matter specialists; the specialists in turn used the model to develop educational texts for 4-H youth; and finally comprehensibility testing of the text passages produced by the specialists with 4-H youth members and adult leaders was conducted. This study confirmed that the utilization of learning principles within the text-development process can improve the comprehensibility of subject matter information presented in Extension educational publications.

}, author = {Penny Risdon} } @mastersthesis {9313, title = {An analysis of staffing patterns and their effect on programs as perceived by 4-H agents in Virginia}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1989}, school = {University of Maryland, College Park}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study was mentioned in the January 1989 issue of Research Summaries in Agricultural Education. It is not known whether or not the student completed the study. The citation indicates that the student was working with R. J. Seibel.

}, author = {Yvette G. Robinson} } @booklet {7105, title = {The influence of Swedish 4-H farm camps on attitudes of urban Swedish children about farmers and farming}, howpublished = {Summaries of Research in Agricultural Education}, volume = {134}, year = {1989}, abstract = {Not sure study was published. Cited as research in progress.}, author = {Jerry H. Reyburn} } @proceedings {6872, title = {Personal factors associated with volunteering in 4-H among middle school teachers}, year = {1989}, month = {October 1989}, address = {Washington, DC}, author = {Frederick Richard Rohs and G. B. Lee} } @mastersthesis {9314, title = {The role of the land-grant institution in responding to youth at risk issues as perceived by selected university and Cooperative Extension faculty, staff and administrators of Oklahoma State University.}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1989}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine how faculty, staff and administrators perceive their university responding to contemporary youth related problems. During the spring of 1989, 107 individuals completed telephone interviews which included university administrators and regents, campus faculty and staff, CES administrators and 4-H staff. Interviews gathered both quantitative and qualitative data through forced-choice open-ended and scaled questions. Of the 107 individuals selected for the study, 107 participated in the interviews. All groups agreed that teen pregnancy and substance abuse were the two most serious problems facing Oklahoma youth. University administration were in agreement that additional research would be the most appropriate action to address youth at risk issues, while Extension administration and staff felt developing coalitions would be most appropriate.

All felt that developing instructional programs to be appropriate. Private foundations and the federal government were perceived to be the most likely sources of funds for \"youth at risk\" programs. Lack of funding and personal commitment were perceived to be the two biggest challenges. Non-Extension groups were aware of the 4-H program, but only 75 percent were aware of Extension\&$\#$39;s \"youth at risk\" initiatives.

}, author = {James Andrew Rutledge} } @mastersthesis {9312, title = {A study on the motivations and characteristics of mature (age 50 and older) 4-H volunteer advisors in Ohio}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1989}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Jeanette Kay Rea} } @mastersthesis {9282, title = {A comparative study of agent and teenage member perceptions of leadership tasks in the Georgia 4-H program}, volume = {M.A.Ext.}, year = {1988}, note = {

Master of Agriculture Extension degree

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Roger Coleman Ryles Jr.} } @booklet {6961, title = {4-H program{\textquoteright}s impact in participants{\textquoteright} financial planning and management (FMP)}, year = {1987}, author = {Laverne Forest and Barry Roberts} } @mastersthesis {9256, title = {An examination of 4-H youths{\textquoteright} needs and interests, and implications for state conference}, volume = {M.A.C.E.}, year = {1987}, note = {

Master Adult and Continuing Education

}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to determine the needs and interests of teens in 4-H and whether State Conference is meeting those needs and interests, then develop recommendations that incorporate this information. The findings indicate that 4-Hers are very interested in issues of male/female relationships, drugs and alcohol, teen/parent relations, child abuse, nuclear war and crime. Respondents were asked to rank 3 activities in order of their interest and involvement: 1) 4-H projects, 2) county and state fairs, 3) conferences. The majority rated projects first, fairs second and conferences third. However, those who had attended Conference before tended to rank it higher. Of those who had attended Conference, 90\% said it was a good experiment although a number said the cost of conference was a problem. Twenty-four percent of those respondents who had never attended Conference but were aware of it said that the cost of Conference was a deterrent to their attendance. Recommendations are made regarding State Conference (cost, marketing, and programming), 4-H in general (record books and educational programming), and needs further study.

}, author = {Tarri Lou Rude} } @booklet {7104, title = {Programs that work with non-traditional 4-H audiences}, year = {1987}, pages = {52 pp.}, author = {H. Revell (Jr. )} } @mastersthesis {9255, title = {The relationship between selected antecedent characteristics and the perceived educational needs of extension agents with 4-H youth development responsibilities}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1987}, note = {

Abstract from 10 out of 440 AGRICOLA records 12/91, deleted some words so it was modified from that source.

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purposes of the study were to develop a nationally generalizable profile of Cooperative Extension agents who devote time to 4-H. Characteristics examined include highest academic degree, academic major, years of service, role perception, percent of time devoted to 4-H, primary responsibility, previous 4-H membership and Extension work history. Hierarchical procedures of multiple linear regression were used to examine the degree to which each of the characteristics examined accounted for variance in perceived importance and educational need in 25 key skills in 4-H youth development education. Recommendations based on the findings are presented.

}, author = {Roger Alan Rennekamp} } @mastersthesis {9224, title = {Perceptions of the effectiveness of 4-H volunteer key leaders as held by key leaders and county 4-H agents in Ohio}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1986}, note = {

PRK Abstract

Modified from NAL abstract

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

This study was conducted to identify the relationship of selected variables with the perceived effectiveness of 4-H key leaders as held by county 4-H agents in Ohio and the key leaders with whom the agents worked. Implications of the study indicate the 4-H agents and key leaders perceived the position of key leader as beneficial to the 4-H program. However, certain demographic information concerning the key leader volunteer may not be as valuable as previously thought.

}, author = {Marsha Lynn Richey} } @article {7400, title = {Sex-role attitudes of senior high school 4-H members regarding careers and employment}, journal = {Journal of Adolescent Research}, volume = {1}, year = {1986}, pages = {267-276}, abstract = {The study examined the factors that contribute to the formation of sex-role attitudes of high school adolsecents fromt eh Cane Belt Area in Louisiana. The sample consisted of 101 females and 65 males who were in 11th and 12th grades and in the 4-H program. While both sexes displayed consistently nontraditional attitudes, females uniformly expressed less traditional attitudes than males. Females also expressed a more nontraditional attitude towards employment expectations.The variables, with the exception of mother{\textquoteright}s education and the grade level of respondents were shown to have a significant impact on the de3velopment of sex-role attitudes in the respondents.}, author = {Gladys Hildreth and Sheri Richard and Diane Burts} } @article {7497, title = {Social background, personality and attitudinal factors influencing the decision to volunteer and level of involvement among adult 4-H leaders}, journal = {Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly}, volume = {15}, year = {1986}, month = {January 1986}, pages = {87-99}, abstract = {An examination of the social background, personality and attitudinal factors influencing the decision to volunteer and the level of involvement among adult 4-H leaders. The Smith Sequential Specificity Model of voluntary Participation was used to hypothesize the influence of these factors on voluntary participation. Path analysis was employed to determine the direct \& indirect effects these factors had on voluntary participation. Analysis of questionnaire data (N=300 4-H leaders, 72\% response rate) revealed that age, years as a 4-H member, wehter children were in 4-H and attractiveness of 4-H had a positive influence on a leader{\textquoteright}s length of service. World Cat Abstract}, doi = {10.1177/089976408601500106}, author = {Frederick Richard Rohs} } @booklet {7110, title = {Cooperative extension in northern Idaho: Who uses our services? Results of a four-county survey}, year = {1985}, author = {Corrine M. Rowe} } @mastersthesis {9186, title = {The development of a Pennsylvania 4-H wildlife conservation leader{\textquoteright}s guide using task sheets}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1985}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to examine and revise The Pennsylvania 4-H Wildlife Conservation Leader Guide to include instructional resource materials and club activities using task sheets. The revision of the guide was evaluated by a panel of experts, 4-H agents, and 4-H and wildlife faculty at the university and personnel at the Pennsylvania Game Commission. Their comments were collected and synthesized and then incorporated into the revised edition of the leader guide.

}, author = {Earl D. Robbins} } @mastersthesis {9188, title = {Factors associated with the turnover intentions of Ohio Cooperative Extension county agents}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1985}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between various factors ad the turnover intentions of the Ohio Cooperative Extension county agents. Based on the March and Simon Theory of Job Turnover, a number of independent variables were studied. The dependent variable was the intention to leave the job. Data were gathered in May 1985 through a three-part questionnaire and the examination of personnel records. The population consisted of all Extension county agents (N=244). Findings were based on 218 questionnaires providing usable data (89\%).

Findings suggested that agents generally had low intentions to leave jobs. Lower performers had the highest intentions. Agents did not see that organizational rewards were contingent upon performance level. 4-H youth agents had significantly lower levels of job satisfaction, satisfaction with pay and with the work itself. They also had lower perceptions of performance-contingent rewards. The best predictors of not intending to leave one\&$\#$39;s job was overall job satisfaction, satisfaction with co-workers, age and self-rating of job performance.

}, author = {Emmalou Rossano} } @mastersthesis {9187, title = {Impact study of New Mexico 4-H "Fit it All Together" foods and nutrition project in select New Mexico counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1985}, school = {Texas Tech University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2346/59471}, author = {Evelyn Davis Rogers} } @inbook {7915, title = {Supervision of volunteers}, booktitle = {Research Reports of Annual Conference, TX}, year = {1985}, pages = {62-66}, author = {Lynn Vernice Riskedal} } @mastersthesis {9185, title = {Supervision of volunteers in the Illinois 4-H and youth program}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1985}, note = {

PRK Abstract

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Illinois}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine which supervisory skills are currently utilized in the relationship between the volunteer and the professional in the 4-H program, and to determine the perceptions of the volunteers and the agents on the concept of supervision in the 4-H program. Extension agents said they utilize the supervisory skills when communicating with volunteers. However, the study found a discrepancy between the agents\&$\#$39; and volunteers\&$\#$39; perception on the use of constructive criticism and initial training which is received. An accepting attitude toward supervision by volunteers and agents can be concluded from both volunteer and agent responses related to the knowledge of club activities and the methods of informing the agent. An acceptance of supervision was also shown in the positive response to conferences which are held between the volunteer and the agent.

}, author = {Lynn Vernice Riskedal} } @article {7496, title = {How 4-H helps career development}, journal = {PRK Abstract - Published in Journal of Extension}, volume = {22}, year = {1984}, pages = {6-10}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1984may/a1.php}, author = {S. Kay Rockwell and Roy F. Stohler and Louis E. Rudman} } @mastersthesis {9139, title = {Professional competencies needed by Extension employees in urban counties of Ohio}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1984}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Pantelis Ritsos} } @mastersthesis {9138, title = {Sex-role attitudes of senior high school 4-H members regarding careers and employment}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1984}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sheri Lea Richard} } @article {7493, title = {Sharing the 4-H job with leaders}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {22}, year = {1984}, pages = {33-35}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1984november/a4.php}, author = {Robert Felix Richard and Satish Verma} } @conference {7916, title = {Strengthening leadership in Wyoming 4-H community clubs}, booktitle = {NAE4-HA Conference Proceedings}, year = {1984}, note = {

PRK Abstract - Staff Study

}, month = {November 4-8}, pages = {pp. 46-51}, author = {G. A. Rohrbeck} } @proceedings {6833, title = {4-H energy education projects that work}, year = {1983}, pages = {29-32}, author = {U. B. Bakker and Jerry Reyburn} } @proceedings {6877, title = {The beginning 4-H volunteer leaders continuation in the leadership role}, year = {1983}, pages = {5-8}, author = {Roy F. Stohler and S. Kay Rockwell} } @mastersthesis {9099, title = {Role perception of leaders and agents in the 4-H program, Acadian Extension District, Louisiana}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1983}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study identified job perceptions of 4-H leaders and agents in the Acadian district of the Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service. Data were obtained through questionnaires given to 25 percent of the 4-H leaders, selected at random, and 100 percent of the 4-H agents. Responses were compared and conclusions drawn. No relationships were found between the 4-H leaders\&$\#$39; perception of their job and the following variables: tenure of the leader, method by which the leader became involved with the program, and the reason the leader remained with the 4-H program. Four-H agents, differed greatly in their perception of job responsibilities when the variable of tenure was studied. New agents felt they should perform all tasks associated with the program, whereas more experienced agents expected the 4-H leader to assume responsibility for many of the tasks.

}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10238737}, author = {Robert Felix Richard} } @booklet {7109, title = {4-H in Idaho: A program assessment}, year = {1982}, author = {Corrine M. Rowe} } @article {7723, title = {4-H{\textquoteright}s influence on advanced training careers and leadership roles in adulthood}, year = {1982}, note = {ERIC Document ED 246 227, CE039216 and PRK abstract}, month = {April 1981}, pages = {100 pp.}, author = {S. Kay Rockwell and Roy F. Stohler and Rudman Louis Roy} } @mastersthesis {9061, title = {Agricultural education for youth in Kenya, 1925-1976}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1982}, school = {McGill University, Canada}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Fenton Ruparanganda} } @article {7917, title = {A causal model of personal factors influencing participation in 4-H among adult volunteer leaders}, year = {1982}, note = {

See dissertation by author

}, pages = {14 pp.}, author = {Frederick Richard Rohs} } @mastersthesis {9060, title = {Social background, personality and attitudinal factors influencing the decision to volunteer and level of involvement among adult 4-H leaders}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1982}, note = {

PRK Abstract

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The social background, personality, and attitudinal factors influencing the decision to volunteer and level of involvement among adult 4-H leaders was studied. The Smith-Sequential Specificity Model of Voluntary Participation was used to hypothesize the influence on of these factors on voluntary participation. The measures of voluntary participation were continued participation as a 4-H leader, years of service as a 4-H leader, hours spent per moth at the local level, hours spent per year at area and state events. The strongest associations were found between voluntary participation and the social background factors of age of leaders and length of residence in the community. Analysis revealed that the factors age, years as a 4-H member, whether children were in 4-H or not, and attractiveness of 4-H had a direct positive influence on a leader\&$\#$39;s length of service and the occupational status of laborer had a direct negative influence on length of service.

}, author = {Frederick Richard Rohs} } @booklet {7108, title = {4-H junior leader alcohol education project}, year = {1981}, note = {PRK Abstract}, author = {S. Kay Rockwell and Roy F. Stohler and L. H. Rottman} } @booklet {7163, title = {The beginning 4-H volunteer leader{\textquoteright}s continuation in the leadership role}, year = {1981}, note = {PRK Abstract}, author = {Roy F. Stohler and S. Kay Rockwell} } @booklet {7164, title = {The beginning 4-H volunteer leader{\textquoteright}s continuation in the leadership role}, year = {1981}, pages = {89 pp.}, author = {Roy F. Stohler and S. Kay Rockwell} } @mastersthesis {9028, title = {The effects of a non-competitive awards program on the motivation of young people}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1981}, note = {

Modified NAL Record

}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The study compared the results of a non-competitive awards program with those of a competitive awards program in four major areas: completion of project records, project knowledge and skills acquired, plans to reenroll in 4-H and development of a more positive attitude about 4-H. the sample for the study consisted of 1,113 youth in 23 experimental 4-H clubs and 1,025 in 23 control clubs. One thousand ninety-six were in grades 4-6, 627 in grades 7-9 and 413 in 10-12. The sample was drawn by stratified random clusters proportionately distributed in seven Eastern parishes of Louisiana. Findings indicated significant differences between the experimental and control groups in 16 out of the 43 comparisons. The project completion award was the most effective in encouraging record book completions among the first year members and those members in 4-6 grades. Members who completed project records reported learning more at all grade levels. Members who have project help had significantly greater project completions at the 4-6 and 7-9 grade levels. Plans for re-enrollment were not significantly affected by the experimental awards program. Significant difference was found between grade level and liking 4-H contests: the 10-12 grade level liked contests the most. Members at all grade levels indicated in significant numbers a desire for an annual project completion award, with the greatest interest shown by those at the 4-6 grade level.

}, author = {Norma Jean Roberts} } @mastersthesis {9029, title = {Factors associated with participation of older 4-H members in West Baton Rouge Parish, 1980}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1981}, note = {

PRK Abstract

4-H Impact Study Abstract

}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The study determined the nature and extent of participation by older 4-H club members for use in future parish and state programming. Questionnaires were completed by 72 ninth, tenth and eleventh grade club members attending the September 1980 4-H club meetings held in three high school clubs. Correlation and analysis of variance were used to test the relationship of the importance place on the 4-H club versus participation in other club and relationships of cooperation, competition and satisfaction in the 4-H club with participation in 4-H programs. The findings indicate high family stability and residency tenure among the families of respondents. Club members and parents were club or organization oriented.

}, author = {Lorris Metz Rochon} } @article {7725, title = {Home and family projects}, year = {1981}, author = {Boyd Rossing and Eldora Keske} } @article {7763, title = {How well are 4-H programs attaining Century III objectives? An analysis of Wisconsin survey data}, year = {1981}, note = {Extension Division of Program and Staff Development}, month = {1981}, pages = {35 pp.}, author = {Sara M. Steele and Boyd Rossing} } @mastersthesis {9026, title = {A model of self-esteem of young adolescents}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1981}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {Purdue University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

A modeling predicting levels of self-esteem (SE) in adolescents was constructed utilizing variables based on both existing research and statistical procedures: Measures of structural antecedents, parenting practices, and the adolescent\&$\#$39;s perceptions of home life. A sample of 12 to 14 adolescents enrolled in 4-H clubs in the greater Indianapolis, Indiana area was used to test the model. Findings: The model was more accurate in predicting levels of SE in females.

This study confirmed the importance of the family and home life in the adolescent\&$\#$39;s development of SE. Adolescents who feel positive about their family life also feel positive about their self-worth.

}, author = {William Harrell Reid Jr.} } @mastersthesis {9027, title = {Perceptions of the 4-H club advisors toward handicapped individuals}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1981}, note = {

PRK Abstract
Abstract from NAL Library

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

One objective was to measure the attitude of current 4-H advisors in Ohio toward handicapped individuals. This attitude measure was then compared with six independent variables to determine what, if any, degree of association occurred. All respondents scored either in the medium or high category on the Attitude Toward Handicapped Individuals scale. The age, sex, if advisors had children of their own in 4-H, type of 4-H club, and training in working with handicapped persons showed no degree of association with attitude measure. Experience in working with the handicapped showed no degree of association with attitude scores, however the rating of that experience (very unfavorable to very favorable) did show a low degree of association. The creative development of activities in which 4-H advisors can have a successful cooperative experience with handicapped persons is needed. Such activities may reduce attitudinal barriers toward handicapped individuals.

}, author = {Cindy L. Rigsby} } @mastersthesis {8986, title = {Impact of certain factors on active 4-H participation in Prince Edward County, Virginia}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1980}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Virginia State University, Petersburg}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to determine if the 4-H members\&$\#$39; locality, parental support, type of membership, and/or age had any significant impact on the members\&$\#$39; attitudes toward the 4-H program. Findings indicate that only one factor had any significant impact on active 4-H participation in Prince Edward County: Parental support.

}, author = {Kylor Bernard Reed} } @mastersthesis {8987, title = {An investigation of the agricultural education background for accident involved and non-involved farm tractor and machinery operators in Minnesota}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1980}, school = {University of Minnesota}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to answer these questions: (1) Was the distribution of work injuries of the 1978 Minnesota Farm Accident Survey significantly different from the distribution of work injuries compiled by the National Safety Council (2) What was the participation of farm tractor and machinery operations in the ongoing agricultural education programs, and (3) Was there a difference in the participation in these ongoing agricultural education programs between accident involved and non-involved operators? Using the procedures of the Standardized Farm Accident Reporting Program, a stratified random sample of farms grouped in clusters in 19 counties of Minnesota were surveyed four times during 1978 by volunteer interviewers.

Among the findings: Significantly more farm youth under 15 were involved in work accidents in Minnesota than youth nationally. Three hundred and fifty or 8 percent had participated in the 4-H power programs and 349 or 8 percent had experience the Tractor and Machinery Safety Training program. No significant association was found between accident involvement and participation in the 4-H power program or the Tractor and Machinery Safety Training program.

Among the conclusions: A review of the educational delivery system be made in order to identify a more viable method for contacting youth under 15 years of age.

}, author = {Louis Edward Riesenberg} } @article {7739, title = {Nebraska 4-H youth mission study}, year = {1980}, pages = {172 pp.}, author = {K. G. Schmidt and S. Kay Rockwell} } @article {7491, title = {Are 4-H project books readable?}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {18}, year = {1979}, note = {

also in Science in Agriculture, Spring 1980, 14

}, pages = {10-14}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1979september/79-5-a2.pdf}, author = {Jerry H. Reyburn} } @booklet {7106, title = {Cedar County Image and needs assessment survey.}, year = {1979}, author = {S. Kay Rockwell and L. Vawser and A. Parkhurst} } @booklet {7107, title = {An extension image and needs assessment survey in six Nebraska counties}, year = {1979}, note = {Elsie Carper}, author = {S. Kay Rockwell and R. J. Florell} } @mastersthesis {8956, title = {Job facet satisfaction among North Carolina 4-H volunteers}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1979}, note = {

PRK Abstract
NAL abstract

}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study was designed to provide information on level of job satisfaction among 4-H volunteers. Findings of a mailed survey indicated that people filling 4-H volunteer roles in North Carolina were largely satisfied with their work. Items with the highest correlation with overall job satisfaction measure were the following: (1) opportunity to do things you like to do, (2) competence of your agent to deal with human problems on the job, (3) degree to which you have been told in detail what is expected, (4) opportunity to use your abilities, (5) opportunity to work closely with your agent, (6) opportunity to become a better person as a result of your volunteer job, (7) degree to which those you work with on your volunteer job do the things they have promised to do.

}, author = {John Andrew Rutledge (Jr.)} } @mastersthesis {8955, title = {The relationship between selected Indiana 4-H program components and career selection}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1979}, school = {Ball State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Robert Merle Ritchie} } @mastersthesis {8928, title = {An analysis of 1977 4-H citizenship short course program participants attitudes regarding future directions for 4-H programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1978}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Robert R. Raybits} } @mastersthesis {8929, title = {A study of selected factors on Ontario 4-H members}, volume = {M.Sc.}, year = {1978}, note = {

Master of Science degree

}, school = {University of Guelph, Canada}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Anne Ruhl} } @mastersthesis {8899, title = {Factors involved in effective teaching of recreational activities to 4-H club members}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1977}, school = {Virginia State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to determine factors in the effective teaching of recreational activities. A survey and observation approaches were used. Findings: A rather limited adult participation in recreational activities was reported. Most wanted to be \"on-lookers.\" The major reasons for recreational activities were found to be: fun and fair play. Two thirds of the adult respondents put a favorable value on \"winning\" and one-third did not feel winning was good or felt indifferent to it.

}, author = {Yvette G. Robinson} } @article {7852, title = {How well are 4-H programs attaining Century III objectives?}, year = {1977}, author = {Sara M. Steele and Boyd Rossing} } @book {9993, title = {Projects, the foundation of 4-H.}, series = {C ;; 438; Variation: C (University of Arkansas (System). Cooperative Extension Service) ;; 438.}, year = {1977}, pages = {55}, publisher = {Cooperative Extension Service, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, and U.S. Dept. of Agriculture cooperating}, organization = {Cooperative Extension Service, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, and U.S. Dept. of Agriculture cooperating}, address = {[Little Rock, Ark.]}, keywords = {4-H clubs. Clubs 4-H. 4-H clubs}, url = {https://worldcat.org/en/title/30687255}, author = {Roberts, W. Jeanette} } @mastersthesis {8872, title = {Factors related to 4-H leader service}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1976}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Larry W. Rogers} } @mastersthesis {8871, title = {A survey of the girls 4-H club program in five Mississippi counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Southern Mississippi}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Dorian D. Rogers} } @mastersthesis {8873, title = {A task analysis of project leaders roles by extension home economists and home and family project leaders in the Wisconsin 4-H program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Stout}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Judy I. Rommel} } @mastersthesis {8870, title = {What is the relationship of reasons given for re-enrolling or dropping out of 4-H by first year members from new and regular audiences in four Ohio counties?}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, note = {

Research in Extension, p. 44

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to determine if differences existed between new and regular audience participants with regard to whether or not boys and girls reenrolled or dropped out of 4-H. Four hundred, sixty six responses from boys and girls who were first year members in Butler, Hamilton, Montgomery and Warren Counties were obtained by school interview or mail questionnaire. It was found that boys and girls from new and regular audiences did not differ with regards to their reasons for reenrolling or dropping out of 4-H. Some young people, involved in classroom activities, did not know that they were 4-H members. Both boys and girls liked learning new skills, meeting new friends and having fun.

}, author = {Charles Grover Replogle} } @mastersthesis {8831, title = {Analysis of factors related to 4-H project leadership in selected Wisconsin counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1975}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {James Andrew Rutledge} } @mastersthesis {8830, title = {The Pennsylvania 4-H consumer education activity: An historical perspective}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1975}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mary Bucher Ritzman} } @mastersthesis {8807, title = {A survey of the attitudes and the knowledge of nutrition acquired by a select group of Marion County, Mississippi youth after participating in the "Mulligan Stew" 4-H nutrition program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1974}, school = {University of Southern Mississippi}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Betty Lynn Reaves} } @mastersthesis {8806, title = {The use of sensitivity and awareness training experiences in value clarification for 4-H camp counselors}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1974}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Stout}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Paul E. Ramsden} } @mastersthesis {8784, title = {An analysis of the training needs of 4-H community leaders as perceived by 4-H leaders, agents and state specialists}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1973}, school = {Kansas State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lawrence Dean Riat} } @mastersthesis {8763, title = {A comparison of the extent of fulfillment of adolescent needs by 4-H youth organizations in selected parishes in Louisiana, 1971}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1972}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sherian Ann Hadskey Reed} } @mastersthesis {8738, title = {Interpretations of the 4-H club program as expressed by third grade teachers in Leavenworth County schools}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1971}, school = {Kansas State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Ralph Bert Rector} } @mastersthesis {8739, title = {Selected socio-psychological behavioral changes occurring in boys and girls involved in the Arkansas special 4-H project}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1971}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Lloyd L. Rutledge} } @mastersthesis {8712, title = {A program plan for youth of the northeast Missouri extension area}, volume = {M.Ext.}, year = {1970}, note = {

Master of Extension degree

}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Roark Rickett} } @article {7849, title = {A study of the association between selected factors of county 4-H Extension programs and senior enrollment in Tennessee}, year = {1970}, author = {Billy Joseph Reed and Cecil E. Carter Jr.} } @booklet {7077, title = {Attitudes of county leaders toward expanding youth programs in Extension}, howpublished = {Minnesota Expansion Study}, year = {1969}, author = {Howard Joseph Newell and Charles E. Ramsey and Duane A. Wilson} } @mastersthesis {8680, title = {Design for a national rural youth development center in Argentina}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Enrique Rossi} } @mastersthesis {8681, title = {Perceptions of 4-H club work held by farm and nonfarm parents}, volume = {M.Ag.Ed.}, year = {1969}, note = {

Master of Agriculture Education degree

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {John David Ruoff} } @mastersthesis {8679, title = {A study of 4-H literature as a basis for expanding the urban 4-H program}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {University of Wyoming}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Donald K. Rolston} } @mastersthesis {8678, title = {A study of the association between selected factors of county 4-H extension programs and senior 4-H enrollment in Tennessee counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1969}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Billy Joseph Reed} } @mastersthesis {8639, title = {4-H club enrollment in Forsyth County: Patterns, potentials, problems, recommendations}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1968}, note = {

Paper: Course No. 921

}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Walter Harrison Rucker} } @mastersthesis {8638, title = {An analysis of attitudes, needs and interests of high school 4-H club members by residence, Caddo Parish, Louisiana, 1968}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1968}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Norma O. Roberts} } @article {8495, title = {An analysis of a method of recruiting 4-H members}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1965}, note = {

Special problem report Extension Education 400. University of Missouri, Columbia.

}, institution = {University of Missouri}, author = {Walter L. Ries} } @booklet {7102, title = {Extension youth programs in the 20th century}, year = {1965}, note = {National Archives Box 22}, pages = {23 pp.}, abstract = {Paper for intensive study and special consideration to the future direction of 4-H and other youth extension program development}, author = {N. Ralston and M. Lyle and D. Lane} } @mastersthesis {8494, title = {Factors associated with termination of service of 4-H advisors in Champaign County, Ohio}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1965}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Larry Lee Rhonemus} } @article {7481, title = {Intrinsic motivation in 4-H}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {3}, year = {1965}, month = {Spring 1965}, pages = {42-50}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1965spring/1965-1-a6.pdf}, author = {Eugene A. Quarrick and Robert E. Rankin} } @mastersthesis {8496, title = {Some factors affecting knowledge retention of 4-H swine project members in Franklin Parish, Louisiana, 1965}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1965}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Willie W. Russell} } @mastersthesis {8493, title = {Teaching of livestock subject matter by 4-H club livestock project leaders}, volume = {M.Ext.}, year = {1965}, note = {

Master of Extension degree

}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {G. Surya Rao} } @mastersthesis {8444, title = {Factors influencing retention of senior 4-H club boys in Hamilton County, Tennessee}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1964}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Wesley F. Rouse (Jr. )} } @mastersthesis {8446, title = {Proposed guide for analyzing extension youth program planning processes}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1964}, note = {

A summary of this study was published June 1964, 16 pp.

Available at the National 4-H archives, Box 22

}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {George Edwin Russell} } @mastersthesis {8445, title = {Social activities of Socorro County, New Mexico adolescents}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1964}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lucy K. Rush} } @mastersthesis {8408, title = {An analysis by sex of the experiences of first year 4-H club members}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1963}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Alton M. Ruby} } @mastersthesis {8406, title = {Breakfast habits of youth of Caddo, Oklahoma, with implications for nutrition education programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1963}, school = {Oklahoma State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Augusta Morgan Richardson} } @mastersthesis {8409, title = {Development of a camp counselor training program for 4-H Camp Clifton}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1963}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Carl Frederick Ruff} } @mastersthesis {8407, title = {Perceptions of the county 4-H club agent{\textquoteright}s role in Wisconsin}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1963}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8074765}, author = {Russell Dean Robinson} } @mastersthesis {8371, title = {4-H foods judging handbook}, volume = {B.S.}, year = {1962}, school = {California Polytechnic Institute}, type = {Honors thesis}, author = {Joyce E. Russell} } @mastersthesis {8370, title = {A study of why adult 4-H leadership did and did not function in some clubs in Miller County, Arkansas}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1962}, school = {Prairie View A\&M College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Iola B. Smith Rhone} } @mastersthesis {8322, title = {Evaluation of 4-H town and country business program in four youth clubs}, volume = {M.Ag.}, year = {1961}, note = {

Master of Agriculture degree

}, school = {Penn State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {William Reagan} } @mastersthesis {8323, title = {A study of dropouts of girls thirteen - eighteen in the 4-H club program in Ogle County}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1961}, school = {Northern University of Illinois, DeKalb}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Francis G. Reeverts} } @mastersthesis {8285, title = {A 4-H leader records survey: Report of Michigan counties as seen by extension agents}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1960}, school = {Michigan State University}, type = {Thesis}, author = {Alvin F. Root} } @mastersthesis {8284, title = {A comparative analysis of the counselors{\textquoteright} attitude, their prediction of the campers attitude and the campers{\textquoteright} attitude toward junior 4-H camp program, Louisiana, 1960}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1960}, school = {Louisiana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Wayne E. Robichaux} } @mastersthesis {8283, title = {Local 4-H committees}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1960}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Charles J. Reutter} } @booklet {7103, title = {The study of recreation education in the programs of Cooperative Extension Service}, howpublished = {sabbatical study}, year = {1960}, author = {E. H. Regnier} } @mastersthesis {8253, title = {4-H leader training methods}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1959}, school = {Colorado State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Marvin Reynolds} } @mastersthesis {8250, title = {Factors associated with background, selection, preparation and satisfaction of 4-H club leaders in Stanislaus County, California}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Mary Clara Reagan} } @mastersthesis {8252, title = {The role of the 4-H club agent as administrator of the county 4-H program as perceived by the Wisconsin 4-H club agents}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Wisconsin}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {H. A. Reinecke} } @mastersthesis {8254, title = {A study of the needs and interests in career exploration of senior 4-H club members in five Virginia counties}, volume = {M.S,}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {George Edwin Russell} } @mastersthesis {8251, title = {A study of the recreational interests of different age and sex groups of 4-H club members in Marion County, Missouri}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1959}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Alice Lois Redman} } @mastersthesis {8218, title = {An exploratory study of 4-H all stars in twenty-three Virginia counties}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1958}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Madison}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {J. Andrew Reynolds} } @mastersthesis {8182, title = {Approaches, ways or patterns of doing young men and women{\textquoteright}s programs}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1957}, school = {USDA Graduate School}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Patricia Redhage} } @mastersthesis {8133, title = {4-H awards study}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1955}, note = {

1,000 page study

}, school = {Harvard University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Mary R. Rapp} } @mastersthesis {8117, title = {Some fundamental principles of program building and a suggested procedure for integrating the agricultural, home economics, and 4-H programs in Somerset County, Maine}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1954}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Noreen Angela Ray} } @mastersthesis {8095, title = {Growth in awareness and use of management resources through home projects}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1953}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Marjorie Read} } @mastersthesis {8097, title = {Leadership in the 4-H tractor maintenance program: An appraisal of the tractor maintenance programs in five midwestern states}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1953}, school = {University of Missouri}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Lloyd L. Rutledge} } @mastersthesis {8096, title = {A study of the teaching situation of the 4-H club leader in relation to the 4-H club program in New York State}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1953}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Janet Carolyn Reed} } @book {9991, title = {The 4-H story: a history of 4-H club work}, year = {1951}, pages = {310}, publisher = {National Committee on Boys and Girls Club Work ; Iowa State College Press}, organization = {National Committee on Boys and Girls Club Work ; Iowa State College Press}, address = {Chicago, Ill. : Ames, Iowa}, keywords = {4-H clubs, History, National 4-H Service Committee}, url = {https://archive.org/details/4hstoryhistoryof0000reck}, author = {Reck, Franklin M.} } @booklet {7006, title = {4-H club work and high school youth}, year = {1947}, month = {May 1947}, pages = {34 pp.}, address = {Massachusetts (?)}, author = {Horace M. Jones and M. P. Rowe and others} } @article {7682, title = {Whither rural youth (study)}, year = {1942}, month = {April 1942}, pages = {33 pp.}, author = {F. R. Keeler and D. Rehl and Sower, C.} } @article {7672, title = {Volunteer leaders are essential to the 4-H program: A study of local leadership in 4-H club work in Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri and Wisconsin}, year = {1941}, note = {includes instrument}, month = {February 1941}, pages = {29 pp.}, author = {Barnard D. Joy and M. H. Coe and T. Erickson and Grace Rowntree and Ray A. Turner} } @mastersthesis {7993, title = {A comparative study of problems, situations and interests of rural unmarried youth, 16-25 years of age in two Maryland areas}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {1939}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Gussie Randall} } @mastersthesis {7994, title = {The recreation activities of rural youth in Waller County, Texas}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1939}, school = {A\&M College of Texas [Texas A\&M University]}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Frieda Estelle Rhone} } @article {7724, title = {A study of 4-H club local leadership in St. Lawrence County, New York, 1938}, year = {1938}, note = {Five important findings from the study. Instrument included}, month = {August 1939}, pages = {37 pp.}, author = {Bert J. Rogers} } @booklet {7111, title = {4-H local leadership - Wisconsin}, year = {1937}, pages = {typewritten, 5 pp.}, author = {Grace Rowntree and V. Varney} } @mastersthesis {7974, title = {The educational value of 4-H Club work in Knox County}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1936}, school = {Indiana State Teachers College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {T. F. Radmacher} } @mastersthesis {7968, title = {A study of present and former 4-H club members in New York state: Factors affecting membership tenure with suggestions and reasons for increasing the duration of 4-H club membership in the older age group}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1935}, school = {Penn State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Charles Wilcox Reed} } @article {7719, title = {Boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} club work, 1933}, year = {1933}, note = {bibliography}, author = {Madge J. Reese} } @mastersthesis {7961, title = {The conformity of certain 4-H club leaders and girls to color standards of the applied art staff of Iowa State College}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1933}, school = {Iowa State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Edna Marie Rhoads} } @article {7718, title = {Five years of boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} club work in the Western states}, year = {1931}, author = {Madge J. Reese} } @article {7720, title = {Local leadership and its training in 4-H club work}, year = {1931}, note = {bibliography}, author = {Madge J. Reese and Meredith C. Wilson} } @article {7657, title = {A study of former 4-H club members in Hancock County, Maine}, year = {1931}, note = {In annual report of county agent}, author = {Grady Ruth} } @article {7722, title = {Compilation of findings of the committee on project requirements reported at 1929 National Farm Boys{\textquoteright} and Girls{\textquoteright} 4-H club camp}, year = {1929}, pages = {10 pp.}, author = {Madge J. Reese and G. L. Farley and M. Wallace and T. Erickson and E. Potter} } @mastersthesis {7944, title = {Boys{\textquoteright} and girls{\textquoteright} 4-H club work with special reference to Iowa}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1928}, school = {Iowa State College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Laura Reynolds} } @article {7721, title = {Report of the standardization committee, National Farm Boys{\textquoteright} and Girls{\textquoteright} 4-H club camp}, year = {1928}, pages = {22 pp.}, author = {Madge J. Reese and G. L. Farley and M. Wallace and T. Erickson and E. Potter} } @mastersthesis {7934, title = {Extension work in home economics in normal schools}, volume = {M.H.E.}, year = {1913}, school = {Michigan Agricultural College, East Lansing}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100886605}, author = {Paulina E. Raven} }