Frequency and correlates of equine behavior disorders and a behavior modification program for chronic cribbers - Andrea Sue Doughty (Michigan State University, 1982)

History of the national awards program - National 4-H Council (1982)

The history of Utah 4-H - Daniel A. John (Utah State University, 1982)

Impact of a planned public relations program by the Cooperative Extension Service in Muskogee County, Oklahoma - Michael Fort Bergman (Oklahoma State University, 1982)
The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of a public relations program by the Cooperative Extension Service in Muskogee County, Oklahoma. A telephone interview technique was used to collect data and distributed to a random sample. Data revealed that 56% were aware of having an Extension office in the county and most of the involvement by the respondents and their family members in Extension was in the 4-H program area. Seventy-four percent contacted Extension by phone, 21% participated in an Extension sponsored meeting, 93% felt the contact was valuable. Nearly 48% requested additional information.
Modified NAL abstract

Involving handicapped persons in 4-H - Sue Kohls (Ohio State University, 1982)
1981 or 1982 Research in Extension

The lamplighters, black farm and home demonstrations in Florida: 1915-1965 - Barbara R. Cotton (1982)

A leadership training program for 4-H junior and teen leaders - Adelle White (California Polytechnic Institute, 1982)

Management and organizational technologies of Chinese rural youth programs: A scientific exchange of rural youth programs between the U.S.A. and the People's Republic of China - USDA (1982)
described as a report

Missouri's 4-H food and nutrition curriculum--A survey of clientele and staff - M. J. Grimes (University of Missouri, 1982)
Paper: PRK Abstract

Models of effective youth organization: A comparative study. - Rivka A. Eisikovits; Diane P. Hedin; Varda Adam (New Designs for Youth Development, 1982)
PRK Abstract

Myths about low-income volunteers - Anne E. Camasso; Anne L. Heinsohn; Robert B. Lewis (Journal of Extension, 1982)
Accepted for Publication November 1982

A national assessment of the career and occupational development needs of 4-H youth - Laurence Augustus Brown (University of Maryland, 1982)
The purpose of the study of 13 and 17 year-old 4-H members was to determine their career and occupational development level, identify life and work skills possessed, and identify ways they perceive 4-H prepares youth for the world of work. A stratified national random sample of 556 members from 16 states and 69 counties were mailed a questionnaire patterned after other national studies. 4-H members were found to have achieved or exceeded national career and occupational development standards for numerical skills, knowledge of oneself, knowledge of jobs and careers, and other areas. They exceeded national standards in areas of communication skills and career planning. They focused more on professional and technical rather than service and trade occupations. They lacked awareness of their likes and dislikes and failed to recognize discrimination as a reason people aren't hired for jobs. 4-H helped members in the development of 19 of the twenty-two life and works skills. They agreed with twenty-three of the thirty ways 4-H prepares youth for the world of work. They were 'neutral' in agreeing that 4-H helped develop knowledge about specific jobs and careers and provided opportunities to observe and visit with people at work. More than half indicated a future job interest was 4-H related, but they did not realize 4-H projects and activities helped them develop job interests. Recommendations included research regarding older 4-H member retention, job and career supplements for 4-H projects, educational information for parents and development of a specialized economic, job and career program.
Modified NAL abstract

National needs assessment for the 4-H program: Survey summary of state staffs - USDA (1982)

Participants in the 4-H junior leadership program: Their characteristics, attitudes and experiences - Christine M. Fisher (Ohio State University, 1982)
The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics, attitudes and perceptions of Ohio junior leaders about the junior leadership program. Junior leaders from 10 counties in Ohio participated. A mailed questionnaire was used to collect data. The most valuable leadership activities were found to be helping with junior fair activities, teaching younger 4-H members and being a camp counselor. Respondents ranked the most important purpose of junior leadership to be to learn to lead grounds and secondly, to meet people and make a friend. The areas of training which respondents believed they needed most were how to motivate 4-H members to participate, how to recruit new members and styles and concept of leadership. The type of recognition they would like to receive was certificates, plaques or trophies. Recognition by advisors and 4-H agents was also desired.
PRK Abstract

The perceived awareness of 4-H youth programs by the adult population of Canadian County, Oklahoma - Kevin Ralph Hackett (Oklahoma State University, 1982)
The purpose of the study was to determine the perceived awareness of the 4-H youth program among the adult population residing in Canadian County, Oklahoma. A telephone survey interview was administered to 382 adults chosen by computer random number selection from all telephone exchanges in the county. The instrument contained 13 questions concerning the respondents' awareness and knowledge of 4-H and five questions gathering demographic information about the respondents Ninety-two percent of the adults in the county had heard of 4-H but only 51 percent knew much about the program. Forty-six percent felt that 4-H is for rural youth only. Four out of five adults who have head of 4-H first heard about it at school. Most of the adults in the county received most of their current information about 4-H from the local newspaper. Most adults (87 percent) knew about the 4-H community or school club structure. Fifty seven percent were aware of the 4-H project clubs. Only 15 percent knew about 4-H school enrichment programs. Only 53 percent knew where the county 4-H headquarters was located. Nearly 90 percent of the residents did not have any idea where 4-H gets the majority of its funding. Thirty-two percent of the adults have been a 4-H member and 38 percent have had one or more immediate family members who are or have been in 4-H. Of the residents not aware of 4-H, 7 out of 10 have lived in the county less than one year. Blacks, American Indians and Asian or Pacific Islanders make up a larger percentage of those not aware of 4-H clubs than those who were aware of 4-H. Females were just slightly more aware of 4-H than males. There was no relationship between 4-H awareness and age or level of schooling completed.

Perceived job satisfaction of 4-H and youth agents employed by the Maryland Cooperative Extension Service - Kendra Buckel Wells (University of Maryland, 1982)

Perceived problems of newly employed county agricultural Extension agents - Daniel Zephrin Sendeu (West Virginia University, 1982)

Perceptions and competency assessment of tasks in the 4-H program assistant role in the North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service - Michael Arnold Davis (North Carolina State University, 1982)

Perceptions of 4-H organizational leaders about their leadership capabilities and functions, St. Landry Parish, 1982 - Margaret Hodges Frey (Louisiana State University, 1982)
This study was to determine leader participation in 4-H and self-perception of leadership capabilities and functions as related to age and tenure. The participants of this study were the total population of St. Landry Parish organizational leaders. Personal interviews were conducted. Frequency distribution, analysis of variance, correlation coefficient and chi-square procedures were used for statistical analysis. The results indicated that the majority of 4-H leaders were female, black, 31-40 years of age, and had a bachelor's degree. Highly significant relationships were observed between leader understanding of 4-H functions, age and tenure in St. Landry Parish and total tenure.
PRK Abstract 4-H Impact Study Abstract

Perspectives and program proposals for an applied research collaboration by the Center for Youth Development and Research and the 4-H Youth Development Program of the Agricultural Extension Service, University of Minnesota: a consultant report - Zvi Eisikovits (1982)

Professional competencies needed by 4-H extension agents as acquired during pre-service, first year and continuing in-service training - Gail Poffenberger Yeiser (University of Maryland, 1982)
The study identified competencies needed by a 4-H Extension agent at the entry level; by the end of the first year of employment or later in one's career through graduate school and in-service training. A nationwide study was conducted by survey to a stratified random sample of 200 4-H Extension agents. The instrument consisted of 450 competency statements. Data were analyzed by using SPSS. Ninety-two percent of the competencies listed were felt to be needed at some time in the career of a 4-H Extension agent by 90-100% of the respondents. A three part self-assessment instrument composed of 447 competency statements was proposed.
PRK Abstract Modified NAL record

The professional competencies needed by extension agents in the Pennsylvania Cooperative Extension Service - Ismael Miley Gonzalez (Penn State University, 1982)
The study identified 144 professional competencies needed by extension agents in Pennsylvania. A stratified random sample of extension agents in agriculture and natural resources, family living, 4-H and community development from nine administrative districts was selected for the study. A questionnaire, cover letter and self-addressed stamped envelope were mailed to 116 Extension agents and state staff members. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. There were no significant differences in the perceptions of extension agents and state staff members regarding the importance of nine competency categories. The combined demographic factors showed a significant effect in the case of the youth program execution and administrative competency scales. The combined responses indicated that 26 competencies should be learned before entering the job, 6 competencies during a graduate program, and the remaining 113 can be learned on the job or through in-service. Finally, competencies included in the teaching, communication and understanding of human behavior categories should form a key component of any undergraduate program developed for preparing Extension agents.
Modified NAL abstract

A promotional slide-tape presentation for the Elkhart County Mini 4-H program - Carol A. Gehrs (Ball State University, 1982)

Recruiting 4-H leaders: What tips the scale? - Mary Louise Fuhry (Journal of Extension, 1982)
PRK Abstract

A research study of the 4-H adventure program - W. S. Dixon (4-H Impact Study Abstract, 1982)

Selected factors related to 4-H membership, participation and retention of eighth grade students in Bradley County, Tennessee - Kaye Morrisette Smith (University of Tennessee, 1982)

Short term 4-H project in rock climbing - Julie Howell (Minnesota State University, Mankato, 1982)

Social background, personality and attitudinal factors influencing the decision to volunteer and level of involvement among adult 4-H leaders - Frederick Richard Rohs (Ohio State University, 1982)
The social background, personality, and attitudinal factors influencing the decision to volunteer and level of involvement among adult 4-H leaders was studied. The Smith-Sequential Specificity Model of Voluntary Participation was used to hypothesize the influence on of these factors on voluntary participation. The measures of voluntary participation were continued participation as a 4-H leader, years of service as a 4-H leader, hours spent per moth at the local level, hours spent per year at area and state events. The strongest associations were found between voluntary participation and the social background factors of age of leaders and length of residence in the community. Analysis revealed that the factors age, years as a 4-H member, whether children were in 4-H or not, and attractiveness of 4-H had a direct positive influence on a leader's length of service and the occupational status of laborer had a direct negative influence on length of service.
PRK Abstract Modified NAL abstract

Societal needs of youth, family and volunteers: A review of selected literature - David E. Weatherford; Carol G. Weatherford (National 4-H Needs Assessment Project, 1982)
Paper prepared for the National 4-H Needs Assessment Project

A statement of national 4-H goals (1982)

A study of 4-H volunteers - Faye Caskey (1982)

Tennessee 4-H enrollment trends, 1960-1979 - Mary Jo Lee Brinkmann (University of Tennessee, 1982)

Volunteer reimbursement policy survey - Richard A. Byrne (1982)

1980 Survey of Successful 4-H programs with teen - NAE4-HA [National Association of Extension 4-H Agents] (supplement report, 1981)

4-H junior leader alcohol education project - S. Kay Rockwell; Roy F. Stohler; L. H. Rottman (1981)
PRK Abstract

4-H participation and personal development as perceived by twelfth grade members in Delaware County, Iowa - Rodney Bruce Hamer (Iowa State University, 1981)
A study to describe the relationship between participation in Delaware County 4-H activities and 4-H member's personal development. Twelfth grade students who were members of 4-H clubs participated in this research. The members self-selected the level of treatment in which they were exposed before the research began. The 4-H Activity Inventory, Jury's Importance Survey of Delaware County 4-H Activities, and Personal Development Inventory were used. Participation in 4-H was the only factor measured in the study which could have influenced a respondent's score on any of the scales measured. Therefore, the evidence which measured the relationship between participation and personal development indicated a tendency, but not conclusive cause and effect.
PRK Abstract Modified NAL abstract

4-H participation in Waseca County, Minnesota - Sheryl Pearson Nefstead (University of Minnesota, 1981)
The purpose of this study was to determine reasons for the decrease in 4-H enrollment in Waseca County, MN comparing presently enrolled members and members who had dropped out of the program. A sample survey was used with members enrolled and former members to determine reasons for remaining or dropping out of the 4-H program. The results indicated that the majority of members come from rural, two-parent, two children families where the mother was not employed outside the home. Youth dropped out of the 4-H program when mothers became employed outside the home and the fathers were not involved in the program. Dropouts expressed the following dislikes for the current program: 4-H record keeping system, club leaders and club meetings. Members and non-members expressed the need to become more involved in their own program and to have offered to them more relevant programs based on needs of today's youth.
Master of Education degree PRK Abstract

An analysis of demographic variables and their relationships to selected teaching activities of agricultural education students and graduates from four universities in Illinois - James Ivan Ethridge (University of Illinois, 1981)
The study gathered demographic information about Agricultural Education students and graduates and their perceptions concerning the effectiveness of their teacher preparation in Agricultural Education. The source of data used in this study was the 1979 survey of 315 juniors and seniors and graduates from the previous five years in Agricultural Education curriculums in four Illinois Universities. Four hundred and sixty-two subjects were identified; 315 provided usable data. The results showed that there was a significant difference in selected teaching activities based on demographic factors of the respondents. Those showing significant differences were: sex, community college transfers, subject area specialty, farm work experience, enrollment in FFA, enrollment in high school agriculture, graduates not teaching, preparation satisfaction, enrollment in 4-H, junior high school agriculture and career satisfaction. Thirteen demographic factors showed significant differences: sex, graduates, community college transfers, subject area specialty, farm work experience, non farm work experience, enrollment in FFA, enrollment in high school agriculture, graduates not teaching, enrollment in 4-H, student teaching satisfaction, career satisfaction, and student status. There was no significant difference among respondents with zero to five years of teaching experience and the expressed present skill level and expressed past skill level in each of the 24 selected teaching activities.
Modified NAL abstract

The beginning 4-H volunteer leader's continuation in the leadership role - Roy F. Stohler; S. Kay Rockwell (1981)
PRK Abstract

The beginning 4-H volunteer leader's continuation in the leadership role - Roy F. Stohler; S. Kay Rockwell (1981)

Boards of county commissioners' knowledge and perception of the University of Idaho Cooperative Extension Service - William Hardie Shane (University of Idaho, 1981)
The study sought to determine how the members of the Boards of County Commissioners in Idaho perceived the programs and activities of the University of Idaho Cooperative Extension Service in their counties. A total of 57 commissioners responded to the survey from 42 counties in Idaho having Extension Service offices. A sample of Extension agents were also surveyed. Over 50 percent of the commissioners indicated they perceived the major role of Extension to be that of helping people solve problems and to provide information. Eighty-five percent used their own observations or contact with the extension agent as a source of influence. Ninety-five percent of the commissioners were satisfied with the relationship between themselves and the agents, while only a little more than 50 percent of the agents indicated they were satisfied with this relationship. Eighty percent indicated that the Extension staff to be the right size and only two percent indicating that it was too small. They ranked involvement of the staff with the 4-H youth and the average size farm being of greatest importance. The commissioners were not as familiar with the work of the 4-H agent and home economist in the county as they were with the agricultural agent.
Modified NAL abstract

Clothing practices of Oregon 4-H youth: Purchase, daily selection, and care - Janet Katy Hatch May (Oregon State University, 1981)

A comparative study and field testing of recruitment, training and retaining of low-income volunteer youth programs - Anne L. Heinsohn; Robert B. Lewis; Anne E. Camasso (1981)

A comparison of the effects of an Extension Service nutrition lesson series on youth in the 4-H EFNEP and 4-H foods projects - Katherine Garrels Merrick (University of Arizona, 1981)

Components of leadership development through 4-H program and their implementation - Christine A. Johnson (Iowa State University, 1981)
Summaries of Research. Not sure whether this was 1980 or 1981

Cultural arts in 4-H -- Summary of 1981 Wisconsin 4-H cultural arts survey - William E. Gleason; others (1981)

Effectiveness of the 4-H life skills approach to leadership development - Merl Eldon Miller (Oklahoma State University, 1981)
The purpose was to determine if the 4-H life skills approach to leadership development as presented through Southern region 4-H leadership life skills materials, was more effective method of teaching skills that are necessary to perform leadership roles than current methods. There was found to be an apparent difference between the pre and posttests on leadership life skills for participating youth. It was concluded that the southern region's approach was a more effective method.
PRK Abstract Modified NAL abstract

The effects of a non-competitive awards program on the motivation of young people - Norma Jean Roberts (Louisiana State University, 1981)
The study compared the results of a non-competitive awards program with those of a competitive awards program in four major areas: completion of project records, project knowledge and skills acquired, plans to reenroll in 4-H and development of a more positive attitude about 4-H. the sample for the study consisted of 1,113 youth in 23 experimental 4-H clubs and 1,025 in 23 control clubs. One thousand ninety-six were in grades 4-6, 627 in grades 7-9 and 413 in 10-12. The sample was drawn by stratified random clusters proportionately distributed in seven Eastern parishes of Louisiana. Findings indicated significant differences between the experimental and control groups in 16 out of the 43 comparisons. The project completion award was the most effective in encouraging record book completions among the first year members and those members in 4-6 grades. Members who completed project records reported learning more at all grade levels. Members who have project help had significantly greater project completions at the 4-6 and 7-9 grade levels. Plans for re-enrollment were not significantly affected by the experimental awards program. Significant difference was found between grade level and liking 4-H contests: the 10-12 grade level liked contests the most. Members at all grade levels indicated in significant numbers a desire for an annual project completion award, with the greatest interest shown by those at the 4-6 grade level.
Modified NAL Record

The effects of task instruction sheets on the performance of three groups of clientele studying sheep production - James Earland Diamond (Penn State University, 1981)
PRK Abstract

An evaluation of Cooperative Extension Service Printed Materials which contribute toward building family strengths - Lenette Newell Foster (University of New Hampshire, 1981)

Evaluation study of the 4-H program contribution to family strength - John D. Orr; Ronald T. Daly (1981)

Extracurricular activities of youth in grades four through nine - Patricia A. Gordon (University of Nebraska, 1981)

Extracurricular activities of youth in Lancaster county - Patricia A. Gordon (4-H Impact Study Abstract, 1981)

Factors associated with participation of older 4-H members in West Baton Rouge Parish, 1980 - Lorris Metz Rochon (Louisiana State University, 1981)
The study determined the nature and extent of participation by older 4-H club members for use in future parish and state programming. Questionnaires were completed by 72 ninth, tenth and eleventh grade club members attending the September 1980 4-H club meetings held in three high school clubs. Correlation and analysis of variance were used to test the relationship of the importance place on the 4-H club versus participation in other club and relationships of cooperation, competition and satisfaction in the 4-H club with participation in 4-H programs. The findings indicate high family stability and residency tenure among the families of respondents. Club members and parents were club or organization oriented.
PRK Abstract 4-H Impact Study Abstract

Factors contributing to the success of young farmer and homemaker programs in Tennessee - Isak Bin Haji Ibrahim (University of Tennessee, 1981)

Home and family projects - Boyd Rossing; Eldora Keske (Reports 1-17 in Box 29 Nat's archives, 1981)

How well are 4-H programs attaining Century III objectives? An analysis of Wisconsin survey data - Sara M. Steele; Boyd Rossing (Paper prepared for University of Wisconsin Extension Division of Program and Staff Development, 1981., 1981)
Extension Division of Program and Staff Development

Hypertension studies on South Carolina adolescents and young adults - Denis Michael Medeiros (Clemson University, 1981)
Hypertension studies were conducted on two South Carolina populations to determine possible etiological factors (physical, dietary, and hair mineral concentrations). Studies were conducted on adolescents attending 4-H Camp Bob Cooper and on young adults at Clemson University. Blood pressure, weight and height were recorded and adolescents were interviewed on dietary habits and time spent in various activities. Findings showed that variation in hair mineral concentrations are related to blood pressures.
Modified NAL abstract

Identification of primary and secondary components for inclusion in development of organized county 4-H teen groups - Arlene Crist (University of Maryland, 1981)

Influences of energy conservation education on attitudes and behaviors of selected youths in Piedmont, North Carolina - Linda Flowers McCutcheon (University of North Carolina, Greensboro, 1981)
The purpose of this experimental study was to examine attitudes and behaviors of selected youths in Piedmont North Carolina toward energy conservation. The sample consisted of 284 youths (127 control groups and 157 experimental groups). Youths were seven to nineteen years old, were members of a 4-H club and resided in one of 14 counties of Piedmont North Carolina. Each youth completed a pretest and posttest (concerning attitudes and behaviors toward energy conservation) between November 1980 and January 1981. Data revealed that 60 percent of the youths had taken energy conservation classes in school and 40 percent had participated in a 4-H energy class or an energy assignment or project. The most favorable behavior changes were found among those who were older and the lived in towns and cities greater than 10,000 people. Those who experienced more classes reported more energy conscious changes. However, the most significant attitude change was found for those youths who had no prior energy conservation experiences.
Modified NAL abstract

The interrelationship of self-concept and performance and selected characteristics of extension 4-H youth agents within the Mississippi Cooperative Extension Service - Jean Bonds Crane (Mississippi State University, 1981)
Study determined the interrelationship of the Mississippi Cooperative Extension Service 4-H youth agents' self-concept as measured by the MCES performance evaluation instrument with selected characteristics. Statistical procedures included determining central tendencies, frequencies, percentages, and stepwise multiple regression. Data analysis revealed no significant correlations between the scales related to personal, physical, family, moral, ethical, and social self and performance of 4-H youth agents. Stepwise multiple regression produced no combination of self-concept variables significantly related to overall performance of respondents. Only one variable, gender explained a significant portion of the variance. Female agents scored higher than males on the performance rating. All the variables in the predictor set collectively explained 24.33 percent of the performance variance. The self-concept variables of self-criticism and moral ethical self were not related enough to the performance measurement to enter the prediction equation.
PRK Abstract Modified NAL abstract

Involvement of youth in Wisconsin State Fair activities as a part of the Marquette County 4-H program - Andrew E. Halbach (University of Wisconsin, River Falls, 1981)

The job satisfaction of 4-H agents in the North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service - Thelma Jean Feaster (Ohio State University, 1981)
Numerous studies have investigated the job satisfaction of persons working in other sectors of our society. The primary purpose of this study was to describe the relationships between selected factors of job satisfaction (achievement, advancement, recognition, responsibility, the work itself) and job dissatisfaction factors (interpersonal relations, policy and administration, salary, supervision-technical, working conditions) of the 4-H agents in the North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service. A three-part mailed questionnaire was used to collect data from a population of 128 county level Extension educators whose program assignments included 4-H. Part 1 was an adaptation of the job satisfaction/ dissatisfaction scale developed by Orlin Wood (1973). Part II was an modified version of the Brayfield-Rothe job satisfaction questionnaire and Part III collected demographic data. A pilot test was conducted with a random sample of 40 4-H agents. The response rate for this study was 96%. Descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, an analysis of variance, t-test, and regression analysis were used to in analyzing the data. 4-H agents were found to be moderately satisfied when all aspects of the job were considered. The factor showing the strongest relationship with job satisfaction was "the work itself" and the weakest was "advancement". "Working conditions" had the strongest relationship related to dissatisfaction and the weakest was "salary". The regression analysis showed that factors of job satisfaction explained more of the variance in job satisfaction scores than did the job dissatisfaction factors. Low significant relationships were found between job satisfaction and the demographic variables of age, years of service and income level. Researcher concludes however, that there may be other variables and/or organizational factors which have a greater impact on the turnover of 4-H agents. Further research and evaluation was recommended.
PRK Abstract Modified NAL abstract

Knowledge of expanded sex roles and attitudes toward self-concept development as related to nontraditional 4-H project selection - Karen Sue Snyder (Ohio State University, 1981)
The purpose of this study was to identify the significant factors that influenced 4-H members to select nontraditional 4-H projects. Six hundred and thirty-three members at the 1981 club congress participated in the study. Findings identified that non-traditional project selection was influenced by one's self concept.
PRK Abstract Summaries of Research

Membership in 4-H: A comparison of children from two different family structures - Grace Lee Thomas (Louisiana State University, 1981)

A model of self-esteem of young adolescents - William Harrell Reid Jr. (Purdue University, 1981)
A modeling predicting levels of self-esteem (SE) in adolescents was constructed utilizing variables based on both existing research and statistical procedures: Measures of structural antecedents, parenting practices, and the adolescent's perceptions of home life. A sample of 12 to 14 adolescents enrolled in 4-H clubs in the greater Indianapolis, Indiana area was used to test the model. Findings: The model was more accurate in predicting levels of SE in females. This study confirmed the importance of the family and home life in the adolescent's development of SE. Adolescents who feel positive about their family life also feel positive about their self-worth.
Modified NAL abstract

Motivating the adult 4-H volunteer - Karla Ann Henderson (Journal of Extension, 1981)
Research in Brief 1RIB5

Nutrition knowledge of young adults - Maxine Marie Jones Corey (Iowa State University, 1981)
The main objective of this study was to prepare a questionnaire on basic nutrition knowledge and to standardize its use for groups of young adults. Sixteen professionals in nutrition and home economics education validated statements for use in the questionnaire. The final instrument was a total of 50 multiple choice questions based on 20 items related to physiological aspects of nutrition, 10 to socio-psychological and economic aspects and 20 to food as sources of nutrients. The instrument was pretested and standardized with 168 students at the end of an introductory nutrition course. Groups who had prior nutrition training scored higher than most of the other groups. Significantly lower mean scores were found for groups of university students without prior nutrition instruction, student nurses, 4-H leaders, and parents. Generalizations identified in the study could be used to develop programs of nutrition education for the public. The questionnaire proved reliable for testing nutrition knowledge.

Organizing 4-H clubs in public housing projects - Judy M. Groff (1981)
Companion Piece with same title

Perceptions of the 4-H club advisors toward handicapped individuals - Cindy L. Rigsby (Ohio State University, 1981)
One objective was to measure the attitude of current 4-H advisors in Ohio toward handicapped individuals. This attitude measure was then compared with six independent variables to determine what, if any, degree of association occurred. All respondents scored either in the medium or high category on the Attitude Toward Handicapped Individuals scale. The age, sex, if advisors had children of their own in 4-H, type of 4-H club, and training in working with handicapped persons showed no degree of association with attitude measure. Experience in working with the handicapped showed no degree of association with attitude scores, however the rating of that experience (very unfavorable to very favorable) did show a low degree of association. The creative development of activities in which 4-H advisors can have a successful cooperative experience with handicapped persons is needed. Such activities may reduce attitudinal barriers toward handicapped individuals.
PRK Abstract Abstract from NAL Library

A preliminary investigation of the significant other relationship experienced by home economists in higher education - Marjorie Weyant Inana (University of Illinois, 1981)
The purpose of this study was to determine whether home economists in higher education perceived significant others as having played an influential role in their professional career development. A random sample of 212 respondents was chosen from among home economists in higher education who met the criteria of AHEA membership, AHEA membership survey completion, female gender, doctorate in 1960 or thereafter, hold a bachelor's degree in home economics, and currently employed in an institution of higher education. Findings from the questionnaire study revealed that the majority of respondents had an individual or individuals whom they felt were significant in their professional career development. The primary significant-other relationship was a female graduate professor and began during the respondent's master's program. However, male significant others provided encouragement to present professional papers at conferences and showed the respondent how to combine work and family. This was especially true if the significant other was a high school teacher, 4-H advisor, undergraduate or graduate professor. Receiving encouragement to continue their education after marriage was very important in contrast to those who did not have a significant other relationship.
Modified NAL abstract

Psychosocial maturity in 4-H and non 4-H youth: Research Summary - Robert Leon Young (4-H Impact Study Abstract, 1981)

The relationship of personal and social adjustment to clothing attitudes of 4-H boys and girls - Barbara Pearman Gregory (University of Maryland, 1981)
The study used the theoretical model of Horn (1968) and Symbolic Interaction Theory to examine personal and social adjustment variables which were hypothesized to be related to attitudes held about clothing. The sample included 368 randomly selected 4-H boys and girls from 13 prominently mid-western states. Data were analyzed by a one-way analysis of variance on the total clothing attitude survey (TCAS) score by the independent variables. Correlation coefficients were calculated between components of the TCAS and the independent variables. Chi-square and a stepwise multiple linear regression model were also used to analyze the data. Findings indicated that the personal adjustment variables of sex, self-concept, socioeconomic status did impact on attitudes toward clothing. Females and persons of high socio-economic status and high self-concept were more concerned about all aspects of clothing. Social adjustment variables did not show such clear indications.
Modified NAL abstract

Student knowledge of agricultural occupations upon enrollment in agricultural programs in Ohio Joint Vocational Schools - Samuel Ibidapo Ogunrinde (Ohio State University, 1981)

A study of 4-H leadership effectiveness utilizing the expanded contingency model - Richard Raymond Angus (University of Maryland, 1981)
This investigation attempted to validate an expanded version of Fielder's Contingency Model of leadership effectiveness. Hardy and Bohren proposed a 16 celled expansion of Fieder's Model that included the dimension of organizational complexity. This study utilized the 16-celled model under conditions of low complexity of organizational structure in predicting effective leadership in 4-H clubs. The subjects were organizational 4-H leaders and project leaders in the Maryland 4-H program. It was assumed that projects involved a high degree of structure, whereas organizational activities were assumed to be unstructured in nature. Both inexperienced and experienced leaders were studied in order to determine conditions under which task oriented versus human relations oriented leaders are more or less effective based on the leader's experience and nature of task.
PRK Abstract

A study of factors associated with the tenure of local 4-H leaders in Idaho - Raynold David Davis (University of Idaho, 1981)
Factors were determined that could be used to select 4-H leaders who would be more apt to continue in the 4-H program over a number of years. The sample was selected from 4-H leaders and former leaders in Idaho. Most leaders were from (42.5%) were from one-leader clubs. Community type clubs had the greatest leader tenure. Leaders believed the ideal number of members to be 6-10 youth per leader. Jobs rated as much or more inconvenient for leaders to perform included serving included serving on camp staff, maintaining parent participation and developing parent interest. Most leaders indicated they received training from personal study (74.8%) rather than from leader training meetings (32.6%).
PRK Abstract

A study of Maryland 4-H extension agents attitudes towards the disadvantaged - Vaughn P. White (University of Maryland, 1981)

A study of the history and development of the 4-H pullet shows and sales in Tennessee - Okeke Chime (University of Tennessee, 1981)

Suggested guidelines for conducting agricultural youth organizations in the northern states of Nigeria - Solomon Ndatsadu Kolo (Kansas State University, 1981)

A survey of the Wyoming County 4-H livestock program - Wayne Fisher; Bill Umscheid (1981)

University of Wisconsin Extension Administrator, Program Leader and County Extension Agent perceptions of an attitude toward the role of the extension home economist in Wisconsin - Denise Bushey Kirkeeng (University of Wisconsin, Stout, 1981)
Master of Education degree

Youth learning to be leaders: A 4-H youth leadership development project workbook - Jeannette Lee George (California State University, Sacramento, 1981)

4-H and Red Cross: Working together - USDA Extension Service (1980)

Attitudes of 4-H members and extension homemakers toward single parents - Alice Langham (University of Wisconsin, Stout, 1980)

Barriers to full employment of rural youth - J. M. Ziegler (Children and Youth Services Review, 1980)
4-H Impact Study Abstract

Career appearance education for senior 4-H club members - Jeanette Adcock Tucker (Louisiana State University, 1980)

Characteristics of successful senior 4-H programs in five selected counties in Tennessee - Seyed Bahaedin Dadras (University of Tennessee, 1980)

Effectiveness of the 4-H clothing construction project as measured through a workshop teaching method - Carol Godfrey (University of Arkansas, 1980)

The effects of certain extension educational programs on selected attitude changes in low-income adults - Richard Terry Liles (North Carolina State University, 1980)
4-H Impact Study Abstract

Effects of reinforcement on intrinsic motivation of youth, ages nine through nineteen, and implication for the 4-H youth program - Michael A. Schneider (University of Wyoming, 1980)

An evaluation and accountability study of three selected Extension 4-H staffing models - Norman Dale Long (RB 967, 1980)

Evaluation of economic and social consequences of Cooperative Extension programs - USDA (1980)

Evaluation of economic and social consequences of Cooperative Extension programs (1980)

Evaluation of NAE4-HA by ASAE - Ellen Elliott (NAE4-HA Research Proceedings, 1980)

An evaluation of the 4-H embryology project in the state of Pennsylvania - Donna Christine Stavick (Penn State University, 1980)
Master of Education degree

Factors influencing the retention of 4-H club members through the seventh grade in Dickson County, Tennessee - Jane Williams Wedgeworth (University of Tennessee, 1980)

Factors influencing the tenure of vocational agriculture teachers - James Samuel Shadle (Penn State University, 1980)
The study identified reasons teachers leave the profession. Six null hypotheses were tested. Addresses were located of 155 and 71.4 percent responded. The survey form was developed by Knight at Ohio State. Student and teacher pilot surveys were issued in advance of the study. Among the principal findings: A relationship was found between the years of 4-H membership and tenure in teaching. The main reasons in order of importance were: long range goal was different than teaching vocational agriculture, salary, inadequate administration support and backing, students in class who should not be in vocational agriculture, negative student attitudes, disliked disciplining students.
Modified NAL abstracts

Factors related to the dropout rate and retention of senior 4-H boys and girls in Peach County, Georgia - B. Steven Fain (University of Tennessee, 1980)

Family characteristics and their relationship to 4-H club participation in Clark County - Michael Louis Perkl (University of Wisconsin, Eau Claire, 1980)
Master of Education degree

Guidelines for cooperating with the defense department in local 4-H programming: A federal 4-H intern project - Steve Mullen (1980)
includes case studies

An image study of the 4-H youth development program among the adult residents of Cumberland County, New Jersey - Marilyn N. Mozenter (Glassboro State College [Rowan University], 1980)

An impact model for evaluating 4-H programs for the handicapped child - Floyd Forrest Branson (Ball State University, 1980)

Impact of certain factors on active 4-H participation in Prince Edward County, Virginia - Kylor Bernard Reed (Virginia State University, Petersburg, 1980)
The purpose of this study was to determine if the 4-H members' locality, parental support, type of membership, and/or age had any significant impact on the members' attitudes toward the 4-H program. Findings indicate that only one factor had any significant impact on active 4-H participation in Prince Edward County: Parental support.
Master of Education degree

An impact study of selected Extension programs that assist people to recognize and pursue economic opportunities - J. R. Carpenter; others (4-H Impact Study Abstract, 1980)

Integrity versus pragmatism: Planning the national 4-H evaluation - James Milton Meyers (Education and Urban Society, 1980)

An investigation of the agricultural education background for accident involved and non-involved farm tractor and machinery operators in Minnesota - Louis Edward Riesenberg (University of Minnesota, 1980)
The purpose of the study was to answer these questions: (1) Was the distribution of work injuries of the 1978 Minnesota Farm Accident Survey significantly different from the distribution of work injuries compiled by the National Safety Council (2) What was the participation of farm tractor and machinery operations in the ongoing agricultural education programs, and (3) Was there a difference in the participation in these ongoing agricultural education programs between accident involved and non-involved operators? Using the procedures of the Standardized Farm Accident Reporting Program, a stratified random sample of farms grouped in clusters in 19 counties of Minnesota were surveyed four times during 1978 by volunteer interviewers. Among the findings: Significantly more farm youth under 15 were involved in work accidents in Minnesota than youth nationally. Three hundred and fifty or 8 percent had participated in the 4-H power programs and 349 or 8 percent had experience the Tractor and Machinery Safety Training program. No significant association was found between accident involvement and participation in the 4-H power program or the Tractor and Machinery Safety Training program. Among the conclusions: A review of the educational delivery system be made in order to identify a more viable method for contacting youth under 15 years of age.

The landless became lords - Dennis J. DeSart (Cornell University, 1980)
Social changes have occurred since the homesteading of North Dakota's West River country in 1906. This was an ethnography of farmers. The author attended all group functions which took place during the research, including town meetings, political party meetings, weddings, family events, high school graduations, and 4-H outings. The county newspaper, land records, diaries and journals were used to corroborate what people said about their community and to provide a historical background for the present. The younger generation were found trying to find a balance between the need to accept sweeping social and agricultural changes and the desire to retain what they value most from their past: families, work, community and church.
Modified NAL abstract

The leadership skills needed by 4-H club members to become effective leaders as perceived by 4-H extension agents - Willie D. Larkin (Agricultural Education, 1980)
The study was to determine what leadership skills 4-H club members in Georgia needed to become effective leaders. Secondly, to determine whether or not these skills were being taught and the amount of emphasis being placed on them. The sample consisted of 172 county Extension agents of the University of Georgia Extension Service. The major findings revealed that county Extension agents perceived selected leadership skills as being needed by 4-H club members for them to become effective leaders and the agents placed high levels of importance on these skills. Also, the agents reported that they were teaching these skills and placing a high degree of emphasis on them. Most of the leadership skills were rated above average on both the importance and emphasis scales.
PRK Abstract Summaries of 4-H Research

Massachusetts extension agents' perceptions of the 4-H image - Cathy Schwab Mullen (Ohio State University, 1980)
The purpose of the study was to determine how Extension agents in Massachusetts perceived the image of 4-H and to determine the degree of relationship between variables: position assignment, subject matter background, county population, personal characteristics, and perceptions of the 4-H image. The population included all State 4-H staff members, County Extension Directors, and County 4-H agents working in the 13 counties with Extension programs in Massachusetts. A survey instrument was used to obtain data. The Extension professions were found to have very similar perceptions of the 4-H image. The components of the 4-H program viewed as having the most progressive images are 4-H school programs, 4-H, teen program and media. Subject matter background, training in communication, county population, 4-H enrollment and position assignment do not affect the image.
PRK Abstract Modified NAL abstract

National 4-H camps/conferences: Expanding horizons for 50 years - USDA Extension (1980)

Nebraska 4-H youth mission study - K. G. Schmidt; S. Kay Rockwell (1980)

The organizational structures, operating practices and characteristics of the members of the boards of directors of the twelve extension-owned resident camps in Ohio - Dennis Lee Elliott (Ohio State University, 1980)

Parental feelings regarding factors influencing and benefits derived from 4-H club participation by junior high and senior age members and former members of Grundy County, Tennessee - Joanna Mullican Bailey (University of Tennessee, 1980)

The perceived management system as related to job satisfaction in the Maryland Cooperative Extension Service - Norman Gary Smith (University of Maryland, 1980)
The main purpose of the study was to determine a relationship between the perceived management system in Maryland Cooperative Extension Service and faculty job satisfaction. Through a mailed questionnaire, 277 faculty members were surveyed, with a response rate of 96 percent. The County Extension Agents' Job Satisfaction Inventory developed by Calloway and revised by Milliken and the Organizational Characteristics Scale constructed by Likert were used. Analysis revealed that as the participation in the management system increased, the greater the job satisfaction. Interaction was found to rank highest as a predictor of job satisfaction. Faculty in state positions were found to have significantly higher levels of job satisfaction than the county faculty on Herzberg's factors relating to supervision, advancement, recognition and working conditions. Agents working with 4-H and youth were significantly less satisfied than the state faculty in factors related to supervision, advancement, recognition, working conditions and total job satisfaction. Older faculty expressed significantly greater satisfaction than younger faculty. Tenure, sex and level of education were not found to be significant. Job satisfaction was found to be significantly less than three years prior.
Modified NAL abstract

Perceptions of the Virginia 4-H educational program as held by superintendents, principals and teachers - Maynard Sexton Burkett (Ohio State University, 1980)
This research studied the perceptions that Virginia school personnel held of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Extension's Division's 4-H educational program. The target population consisted of superintendents, principals, and teachers with an in-school 4-H component in grades 4-7. Data was solicited via a 4-H survey mailed to a random sample of school personnel. Differences in perceptions toward the areas of 4-H are as follows: 1) teachers held significantly more positive perceptions than did superintendents, 2) superintendents and principals held significantly lower perceptions regarding some aspects of volunteering than did those held by teachers.
PRK Abstract: Summaries of Research

Perspectives of Oklahoma residents toward the Cooperative Extension function of the Oklahoma State University Division of Agriculture - Barney Lee Cosner (Oklahoma State University, 1980)
The purpose of the study was to determine the awareness of Cooperative Extension by a stratified random sample of people residing in Oklahoma. A telephone survey-interview technique was used to gather data from 2,401 residents of Oklahoma 18 years and older; 1,662 residents (62.22 percent), participated in the study in the spring of 1980. Over 78 percent were found to be aware of Cooperative Extension. Slightly over 47% had been involved with the 4-H program. Additional data were gathered related to agriculture and home economics programs.
Modified NAL abstract

Private support for Arizona 4-H - Thomas Morton Dala Moe (University of Arizona, 1980)
Study to identify and quantify the private citizen and organizational dollar support, in-kind physical resource support, and adult volunteer leader time and material support contributed to Arizona 4-H programs. Data were collected from the State 4-H Office, State 4-H Foundation, the county 4-H offices in the state, the 4-H leaders council, and a stratified sample of adult 4-H volunteer leaders from all the counties in the state. The total calculated value of all sources was $2,468,690. Value of private contributions to Arizona 4-H in 1979 was $6,071,574. This total private support for Arizona 4-H gave a ratio of 5.27 for every one dollar of public support for Arizona 4-H.
PRK Abstract Modified NAL abstract

A Profile of Program Development Efforts - Jon E. Irby; Connie McKenna (Executive Summary, 1 page, 1980)
The date is uncertain. The purpose of this Extension Service study were to determine perceptions of competencies needed by 4-H professionals in program development, to identify program development models currently in use by 4-H, and determine common components in successful implementation of the program development process. 333 staff development officers, state 4-H specialists and program development staff were surveyed as well as a random sample of 349 county staff. Usable data were 242 state staff and 262 county staff. Duncan's Multiple Range test was used. The major finding from the study indicated that perceptions of state and county staff often differe as to the importance of survey item, i.e. county staff perceive their ability to perform as better than state staff do. Six program development models were selected. Recommendation: both state and county staff be involved in inservice planning.

Proportions of Tennessee 4-H members in Explorer, Junior, Junior High and Senior Audience Tennessee 4-H Standard Four, FY 1978 - Chun Chang (University of Tennessee, 1980)

The relationship among the interest score on six occupational themes and job satisfaction and performance of Ohio Cooperative Extension county agents - David Lewis Kittrell (Ohio State University, 1980)
The primary purpose of the study was to determine (among six occupational interest themes), Ohio agents' performance and job satisfaction. The six occupational themes were determined using the Strong Vocational Interest Blant-Strong Campbell Interest Inventory. Agent performance was established by a paired comparison analysis and job satisfaction by the Brayfield-Rothe job literature. Thirteen hypotheses were tested. County 4-H, agriculture and home economics agents with one or more years of experience (N=230) were included in this study with usable data from 212. The investigative theme appeared to be lower among these agents than in related literature. There was a negative relationship between artistic occupational interest and performance. Interest variables as a group were not related to performance at the .01 or .05 level of significance. Interest variables as a group were related to job satisfaction at the .01 level of significance.

The relationship of selected characteristics of newly hired county agents in seven northcentral states and their perceived orientation needs - Amri Jahi (Ohio State University, 1980)

Relationships of personality trait scores and selection test scores to job performance of selected agents in the Alabama Cooperative Extension Service - Lesel Ab (Tony) Dozier (Auburn University, 1980)
This study investigated the relationship between performance appraisal scores (dependent variable) and three independent variables: grade point average, job related applicant evaluation form and personality traits measured by the California Psychological Inventory. There were 51 subjects in the study. Data were obtained from selected agents and by administering the inventory. Data were analyzed using linear correlations and multiple regression analysis. A significant relationship (.01) between grade point average and performance appraisal for assistant county agents-home economics (4-H) and for all females included in the study. No other significant relationships were found.
Modified NAL abstract.

Revision of the Pennsylvania wildlife record book - Thomas S. Gay (Penn State University, 1980)
1979 or 1980.
1979 or 1980

The role of the 4-H youth program of the Ohio Cooperative Extension Service in citizenship education - Carl Stephen Scheneman (Ohio State University, 1980)
The study was conducted in 1979. The purpose was to determine the role of a youth-service organization, the 4-H youth program of the Ohio Cooperative Extension Service in citizenship education. One hundred and twenty faculty members of the Ohio Cooperative Extension Service who completed a questionnaire. Interviews were conducted with department chairpersons and assistant directors. There were 10 major conclusions of the study, including that existing resources within the College could be utilized to strengthen 4-H citizenship education programming.

Selected characteristics and perceived training needs of adult 4-H organizational leaders in North Dakota - Chaicharn Wongsamun (North Dakota State University, 1980)
The purpose of this study was to determine selected characteristics of adult 4-H organizational leaders in North Dakota, to compare the influences of selected persons and factors upon deciding to become a 4-H leader, and to compare perceived training needs for selected tasks of adult 4-H organizational leaders. A questionnaire was developed and sent to 300 adult 4-H organizational leaders in 10 selected North Dakota counties to gather data needed for the study. Findings: Children of 4-H leaders and wanting to work with youth were rated as the most influential persons and factors. There was a significant difference in some selected persons and factors when comparing their influence by the sex of the leaders. Helping, understanding, encouraging and teaching boys and girls were areas for which most of the leaders felt most need for training. No significant differences were found in any training areas according to their level of formal education or experience as volunteer leaders prior to becoming 4-H leaders.
Colloquium Paper

Self-assessment of leadership skills by 4-H volunteer leaders in the southern region of the United States - Martha Elaine Couch (Texas Tech University, 1980)
The purpose of the study was to discover if there were relationship/importance differences between task performance by the 4-H organizational leader, concern by the by the Extension agents, and other selected independent variables. A survey instrument was sent to a sample of 312 4-H organizational leaders from the 1,560 in Louisiana; 77% were returned. Eight hypotheses were tested using correlation, chi-square, analysis of variance and regression analysis. Study findings strongly indicate that 4-H organizational leaders will respond to Extension agents showing greater concern and support to help youth get maximum benefit from the 4-H program.
PRK Abstract, Comparison give in Texas 4-H Research, 2003 with G. Wolfenbarger

Social and economic consequences of the 4-H program: Vol. I: Findings and implications of the final evaluation report and Vol. lI: Summary of evaluation research - Kenneth Pigg; James Milton Meyers; V. Milton Boyce (United States Department of Agriculture, Extension Service, 1980)

A study of effective programming for the retention of Prince George County teenage 4-H members - David B. Travis (Virginia State University, 1980)
The purpose of this study was to develop more effective programs for teenage 4-H members in Prince George, Virginia. A questionnaire was sent to 35 teenage 4-H members to collect data. Major findings of the study were: The members on average were 16 years of age, white, lived in a rural area, and were actively involved in 4-H and belonged to a 4-H club of five to 10 members with three volunteers working with each club. Twelve respondents belonged to two or fewer other organizations. Respondents felt they should have a voice in planning and implementing all 4-H programs. Teenagers also preferred specially designed, shorter group related projects with some form of recreation following the completed project.

A study why senior 4-H members in Lunenburg County leave the 4-H program - Frederick J. Custis (Virginia State University, 1980)
Master of Education degree

Teen friendship patterns: Implications for 4-H recruitment and programming - John J. Beasley; Naomi Conner; Reid Ostrander (Journal of Extension, 1980)
Research in Brief: Good News Travels Fast. Report of an unpublished study

A test of methodologies to assess the value of adult 4-H voluntary leadership: A report of the program and personnel development sub-committee of the Extension committee on Organization and Policy - Randall Barnett; Kenneth Pigg (1980)

Time and money spent by adult volunteer leaders in the Oregon 4-H program - Barbara J. Sawer (1980)

Training needs of new leaders to Idaho's 4-H program - Paul L. Sunderland (University of Idaho, 1980)
The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the new volunteer leader to Idaho's 4-H program. Specific interest was in learning the leader's own views with respect to: the importance of training, various subject matter, their perception of 4-H, how they preferred to gain their new information and what audio-visual aids have the most impact on them. A questionnaire was designed and administered via telephone to leaders across the state. A random sample of 86 leaders was selected from those leaders who had zero or one year of leadership experience as indicated on the 1979 county 4-H enrollment forms. Data were computed using a frequency analysis of the variables, and cross tabulation of selected variables. Eighty-two percent were female. The survey indicated that 65 percent of those responding did not participate in any type of 4-H training after becoming a leader.
PRK Abstract; Journal of Research in Extension 1980-1983

Urban and rural 4-H programs: Research for policy and planning in nonformal education - James Milton Meyers (Harvard University, 1980)
4-H Impact Study Abstract NAL indicates the date as 1979.

The utilization and financial characteristics of tax exempt auxiliary corporation affiliated with the major public universities in the United States - Robert William Gailey (University of Massachusetts, 1980)
The study attempted to uncover how major public universities in the U.S. are utilizing tax exempt auxiliary corporations that have been created by and are affiliated with those universities and to explore the financial characteristics of the identified corporations. Data were collected by two questionnaires; the first sent to the chief fiscal officers of 111 major public universities, the second to the individual responsible for the operation of the of each corporation. Eighty-three percent of the chief fiscal officers and sixty percent of the operating officers responded. Among the findings: universities with the largest enrollments and general budgets had the greatest number of corporations. There was no significant difference in state support between those universities required to expose the resources of the corporation in the budget and those that were not. The study also isolated the following sixteen types of auxiliary corporations: General foundations, research related, alumni support, school support, student unions, and general auxiliary services, real estate, athletic support, specialized activities support, student publications, student housing, bookstores, health related, faculty clubs, investment holding, 4-H support, and miscellaneous. The general and financial characteristics of each type of corporation were studied and presented in detail.
Modified NAL abstract

Utilization of 4-H concepts in lifelong education with developmentally disabled adults - Beatrice Jean Tarara (Ball State University, 1980)

Youth reached through Extension 4-H, Youth Programs, 1948-1980 - USDA (1980)

The 4-H agent's job: Another look - Donald Henry Goering (PRK Abstract - Published in Journal of Extension, 1979)
Ranked tasks and duties of county Extension 4-H Agents which include: Planning and conducting trainings sessions, providing continuing support, training and guidance to lay leaders, preparing educational program units, including demonstrations, lectures, discussion guides, and evaluation instruments, determine priorities of needs.
Accepted for publication August 1979

4-H impact on leading South Dakota livestock producers - South Dakota State University (1979)

The 4-H knowledge level of volunteer adult leaders and their self-perceived roles - Phyllis Sharp Critten (Florida State University, 1979)

4-H paraprofessionals: Defining their tasks (Article with Jerry Parsons) - Mary Kay Munson (Journal of Extension, 1979)
Accepted for publication March 1979

4-H self-concept building in Century III - Victoria R. Fu; Kathleen W. Wampler (Journal of Extension, 1979)
A study of 222 9-13 year olds to determine their attitudes towards sex-roles was made to help develop ways to create positive self-worth in times of changing sex roles. The result of the study showed that the preadolescents studied maintained traditional sex-role attitudes with males perceived to be more aggressive while females were thought of as dependent and cooperative. Recommendations to create nonsexist sex-role attitudes are given.

Accomplishments of 4-H work in the cities: Position paper for House Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture - Joel Robert Soobitsky (1979)

An analysis of self-perceived training needs of adult 4-H volunteer leaders in the Mississippi Cooperative Extension Service - John Russell Kelly (University of Southern Mississippi, 1979)

Are 4-H project books readable? - Jerry H. Reyburn (Journal of Extension, 1979)
also in Science in Agriculture, Spring 1980, 14

Assessment of the factors related to readiness for program change of professional non-faculty 4-H field staff of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Extension Division - John David Barrett (Ohio State University, 1979)

Attitudes of selected Oklahoma Cooperative Extension staff toward tasks of adult 4-H volunteer leaders - Shirley Welch Hastings (Oklahoma State University, 1979)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate Extension staff attitudes regarding 93 tasks of adult 4-H volunteer leaders. The sample for the study included all county extension staff members, district 4-H agents, district directors, district home economists, and state 4-H staff members. The instruments included a Likert-type rating scale to identify the perceived attitude of staff members regarding the tasks and a checklist to classify tasks as educational, maintenance, or managerial. Relationships among the variables were analyzed primarily by the chi-square statistical test. Findings indicated that attitudes regarding volunteer leader tasks varied among districts, according to tenure of staff, bachelor degree area of staff, and whether staff held a county, district, or a state position.
PRK Abstract

Cedar County Image and needs assessment survey. - S. Kay Rockwell; L. Vawser; A. Parkhurst (1979)

Child development knowledge of 4-H club members and non-4-H club members - Jean Foster Anderson (University of North Texas, 1979)

Clothing Unit 1 objectives of interest to a selected group of 4-H participants - Nancy Carolyn Lewis (Colorado State University, 1979)

A comparative study of Citizenship Washington Focus Participants: Trends and recommendations - Beverly Johnson (1979)

A comparison of 4-H youths' and their parents' attitudes concerning 4-H competitive events - Renee Cooper Sanders (University of North Texas, 1979)

A comparison of the perceptions volunteer 4-H youth leaders and extension 4-H youth agents have of their involvement in the 4-H program - Karen Sue Sullivan (Mississippi State University, 1979)

Comparisons of 4-H members with non-members among students from selected rural schools in Leeds and Grenville Counties - Jack F. Westlake (University of Guelph, Canada, 1979)
Master of Science degree

Consequences of 4-H as inferred from learning, developmental and interactional theories - D. Stormer; Charles W. Sappington; J. Pelham (Paper for evaluation project mandated by Food and Agriculture Act 1977, 1979)

Description study of selected national youth serving organizations - D. James (4-H Impact Study Abstract, 1979)

Determination of the need to expand the agricultural course offerings at San Antonio College - Walter G. Crozier (Texas A&M University, 1979)
The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a need for additional agricultural courses at San Antonio College. Vocational agricultural students (VAS) and 4-H club members were sampled using a questionnaire to gather information, consisting of 857 students and 63 high school age 4-H club members of Bexar County. Forty-five percent of the VAS and 40 percent of the 4-H members planned to major in an agricultural field after entering college. Seventy-two percent of the VAS and  80 percent of the 4-H members said they did not know that agricultural courses were offered at the college.

Development of a slide series on showmanship of horses at halter - Randy J. Davis (Southern Illinois University, 1979)

Development of an approach to evaluate inbound 4-H international programs - Lillian Larwood (Washington State University, 1979)
The purpose of the study was to develop an approach that could be used to evaluate inbound 4-H international programs. An evaluation approach using Steele's concept of three essential elements--criteria, evidence and judgments. The appropriateness of proposed criteria and information collection instruments were reviewed by a panel of state 4-H international program faculty and modifications in the criteria and instruments were made. The approach was tested using the 1978 LABO program (28 host families and 18 Extension faculty members). Judgements about the program--using the evidence collected in relation to the stated criteria--were made by the LABO program administrator in Montana. A re-examination of the approach after it was tested reaffirmed the choice of criteria, supported the ability of the host families and Extension faculty members to supply useful evidence about the program, supported the utility of selecting a program administrator to make judgements, and suggested modifications in the information collection instruments.
Master of Adult Education degree Modified NAL abstract

The effect of the Maryland's 4-H summer enrichment program on the foods attitudes, nutrition knowledge and behavior of youth - Edith C. Williams (University of Maryland, 1979)

The effects of participation in a 4-H program and the development of youth - Mary Nell Magee (University of Southern Mississippi, 1979)

Employment characteristics of female 4-H volunteers in Maryland - Joanne Marie Bordelon (University of Maryland, 1979)

An examination of the demographic factors relating to the 4-H volunteer's length of stay in the leadership role - Anne E. Camasso (Penn State University, 1979)

An extension image and needs assessment survey in six Nebraska counties - S. Kay Rockwell; R. J. Florell (1979)
Elsie Carper

Factors that influence decision to stay or leave Idaho Cooperative Extension Service - L. J. Church (University of Idaho, 1979)

Future trends of 4-H: Do members, leaders and staff 4-H program directors agree (and "An analysis of opinions held by 4-H members, 4-H volunteer leaders and state 4-H program directors on selected questions regarding the future of 4-H program... - Gwenneth Western El Sawi (1979)

The Gallup study of adults' and children's participation in 4-H programs - USDA (Summary, 1979)

The Gallup study of adults' and children's' participation in 4-H youth programs - Gallup Organization (1979)

High potential consequences of the 4-H program - Michael Scriven (1979)
marked "For administrative use only"; later appears in Education and Urban Society, 13(1), 83-108 [November 1980]

High potential consequences of the 4-H program: Final report prepared for the Extension evaluation project - Michael Scriven (1979)

Holding onto 4-H leaders - Glen Hass (Journal of Extension, 1979)
To understand why many leaders discontinue their 4-H involvement after 1 or 2 years of service, 59% of the respondents
Accepted for publication November, 1978

The impact on the attitudes of 4-H policy council members, extension professionals and 4-H adult leaders on the incorporation of an urban 4-H program into the traditional program - Charles Edward Williams (Ball State University, 1979)
The study was designed to (1) provide data for Cooperative Extension Service personnel concerning the impact of changes in attitudes toward policy and administration of 4-H programs and (2) develop ways to integrate an urban 4-H program into the traditional one. One-third of the potential population, 414 individuals, were asked to complete and return questionnaires. Data were obtained from: federal and state Extension Management System, yearly 4-H summaries, 1970 census records, county 4-H department records, a survey instrument administered to policy council members, 4-H adult leaders and extension professionals. The questionnaire consisted of 30 statement divided equally into three areas--policy, personnel, and program relative to the Indiana 4-H program. Validation was conducted through a field testing of counties not selected for the study. Data were analyzed using a frequency of distribution for each group of the study population, the three councils, leader groups and extension professionals, and the total sample of the study.
PRK Abstract Modified NAL abstract

Implication of work values to job satisfaction in the Maryland Cooperative Extension Service - W. James Milliken; Gene Child Whaples (1979)
Paper presented at the Adult Education Research Conference, San Antonio, Texas, 1978

An investigation of 4-H camping programs in the United States and their contribution to the growth and development of youth - Delbert Lance Bullard (Texas A&M University, 1979)
The study was conducted to help 4-H coordinators realize the importance of current youth development data in the camping program, increase participation and formulate guidelines for expansion. A national survey was prepared and distributed. The programs provided a wide range of youth-centered, leader-directed activities. Based on the study, the following goals were established: to develop a long range plan for coordinating 4-H camping and outdoor education programs on a unified basis; to develop a plan to expand interagency cooperation between youth serving agencies, to develop a curriculum for 4-H camping directors to expand programming skills, training techniques, staff and personnel development, budgeting and evaluation.
Modified NAL abstract

Job facet satisfaction among North Carolina 4-H volunteers - John Andrew Rutledge (Jr.) (North Carolina State University, 1979)
This study was designed to provide information on level of job satisfaction among 4-H volunteers. Findings of a mailed survey indicated that people filling 4-H volunteer roles in North Carolina were largely satisfied with their work. Items with the highest correlation with overall job satisfaction measure were the following: (1) opportunity to do things you like to do, (2) competence of your agent to deal with human problems on the job, (3) degree to which you have been told in detail what is expected, (4) opportunity to use your abilities, (5) opportunity to work closely with your agent, (6) opportunity to become a better person as a result of your volunteer job, (7) degree to which those you work with on your volunteer job do the things they have promised to do.
PRK Abstract NAL abstract

Judging kits for 4-H home economics projects - Diane M. Denson (California Polytechnic Institute, 1979)

Life aspirations for farm youth: A challenge to 4-H career education programs - Jerry Bigner (Research Report (unpublished), 1979)
Mentioned in "Research in Brief: 4-H Career Program Challenge" by John Beasley, Journal of Extension, July 19, 1979. Available at: https://archives.joe.org/joe/1979july/79-4-rb3.pdf

Life skills for 4-H leadership roles - Retta A. Miller (Oklahoma State University, 1979)

A look at senior 4-H participation: 4-H volunteer staff intern project report - Midge Kenny (1979)

Michigan extension agents' attitudes toward computers and computerized extension forward planning and consulting programs: The TELPLAN system - Mehdi Ghods (Michigan State University, 1979)
The study investigated the Telplan System, the dependent variable "attitude" and the independent variables: age, level of formal education, length of employment, position held within the Extension Service, previous experience with computers, frequency of usable and the number of programs Telplan System used. Seven null hypotheses were tested at the .001 level of significance. Extension home economists and 4-H youth agents found the Telplan to be greatly related to educational services in agriculture but less to 4-H and family-living Extension. These agents were found to be in need of more information and continuing training as related to the Telplan system.
Modified NAL abstract

A middle management approach for New York State 4-H and (total) Cooperative Extension programs (Second Draft) - John Carl Sterling (1979)

A middle management approach to 4-H leadership development: Focusing on key volunteer leaders, program assistants, program development committees - John Carl Sterling ([unknown], 1979)

Motivations and selected characteristics of adult volunteers in Extension 4-H youth programs in Minnesota - Karla Ann Henderson (University of Minnesota, 1979)

A prediction of program interests of 4-H youth by measurement of basic need levels - Jerry Harvest Mulcahy (Cornell University, 1979)

Procedures and issues in the development of a theoretically-based organizational survey for use with children: A 4-H experience: A report to the 4-H evaluation technical review panel - Jerome A. Katz (1979)

The relationship between selected Indiana 4-H program components and career selection - Robert Merle Ritchie (Ball State University, 1979)

A report on the dynamics of 4-H decision making processes: Value frames, organizational influence strategies, and interpersonal behavior - Bill Joiner; Michael Sales (National Extension Evaluation Project, SEA Extension, USDA Repository - 6809-S, 1979)
The purpose was to identify variables in the 4-H decision making process. A commission conducted an inductive exploratory study of interview and observational data and identified patterns of intergroup and organizational relations in states and counties.

The role of extension agents-youths working in urban regions of Indiana - Joseph Harold Finnell (Ball State University, 1979)
The purpose of the study was to (1) identify major historical antecedents of urban 4-H and youth programs by the Cooperative Extension Service, (2) describe the evolution of urban 4-H and youth programs in Indiana (3) illustrate the emergence of 4-H and youth programs in Indiana cities from 1968-1977, (4) investigate and clarify the perceived contemporary role of Extension Agents-Youth, and (5) identify leadership training needs to urban youth agents. The study included all youth agents, Extension boards, and administrators from Lake, Marion, and Vigo counties. The questionnaire was approved by the director and associate director of Indiana Extension and fifteen doctoral candidates and one professor of Educational Administration. It was mailed or handed to 75; 57 were returned and 56 were usable. Data were analyzed, summarized and presented in narrative form. Findings supported the following recommendations: Extension should improve communications with urban audiences, program responsibilities should be clarified, goals of the programs should receive a high level of agreement, and urban youth agents should have strong educational preparation in behavior sciences and should have some knowledge in agriculture and related fields. Three follow-up studies were recommended.
Modified NAL abstract

A study of 4-H enrollment cards and enrollment procedures used by Tennessee county staffs in fiscal year 1977 - Wanda Helvey Erwin (University of Tennessee, 1979)

Summary of 1979 Nebraska study conducted to provide the basis for a 4-H mission statement - University of Nebraska (1979)

Theory-derived outcomes of the 4-H programs - Robert A. Cooke (4-H Impact Study Abstract and Partial Draft, 1979)
The purpose of the analysis was to identify potential outcomes of the 4-H program on the basis of relevant theories. A model of the 4-H organizational system is included which incorporates components, structures, technology, tasks as well as problems to be solved. An innovation-expectancy model from Cooke, Uhlander, and Quinn is likewise outlined. A chart of the relative probablility of outcomes of the 4-H program by delivery modesl: projects, clubs, indivdual study, special interest, school enrichment, camps, and instructional television is also included.

Is there a need for a 4-H creative craft handbook? - Allyson A. Montague (California Polytechnic Institute, 1979)

Youth in America: A social indicators chartbook of the 4-H eligible population - D. E. Dennis; M. Hurt Jr. (4-H Impact Study Abstract and paper, 1979)

4-H career exploration program: A case study in the Pennsylvania northern tier extension region - David Nathaniel Kinsey (Penn State University, 1978)
Master of Education degree

4-H career exploration program: A case study in the Pennsylvania northern tier Extension region - David Nathaniel Kinsey (Extension Studies, 1978)
includes director's manual

4-H intergenerations project: Final intern report - Brenda S. Minnich (National 4-H Intern Project and questionnaire, 1978)

4-H program for handicapped children: A project - Perle Ludy Gillum (California State University, Chico, 1978)

4-H Youth Center, Saratoga Springs, New York - Sophia Hsieh (Cornell University, 1978)
Bachelor of Architecture degree

4-Hers Learn... We shall all be old - J. Conrad Glass Jr.; Curtis Trent (PRK Abstract - Published in Journal of Extension, 1978)
Accepted for publication November 1977

An analysis of 1977 4-H citizenship short course program participants attitudes regarding future directions for 4-H programs - Robert R. Raybits (University of Maryland, 1978)