@mastersthesis {9913, title = {We are not all one puzzle piece: Youth voice, homelessness and positive youth development}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2014}, school = {Oregon State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

A youth-centered inductive approach, adolescents\&$\#$39; opinions and views on\  positive development, well-being, strengths and success were sent through ten focus groups with 18 homeless youth and 20 non-homeless (4-H) youth, ages 12-17. Manuscript one addresses the discrepancies in youth views and experiences by subgroup homeless or 4-H. The analysis revealed that that homeless youth demonstrated deeper self-awareness in the strengths of their personal qualities. 4-H youth cited their strengths in terms of activity related accomplishments. Homeless youth adapted to their lacking ecologies, such as non-supportive parents, as they sought out other health promoting relationships in their place. Homeless youth also viewed risk avoidance as an aspect of dong well, unlike 4-H youth. Manuscript two compared youth\&$\#$39;s collective perspectives of doing well.

Youth were focused on the future and reaching their goals, including enjoyable careers and educational achievements. The youth also valued social skills, especially humor and humility in relating to people to be successful. Unexpectedly youth held different interpretations of what is traditionally understood as character and how character is conceptualized by the positive youth development framework. Final statement: By recognizing the unique perspectives of youth from divergent enjoinments, programming, theory, and policy involving positive development and strengths-based approaches can more effectively represent the strengths and views of youth from diverse backgrounds.

}, author = {Brooke Dolenc Nott} } @mastersthesis {9879, title = {Why 4-H members leave: A study of discontinuance through both current 4-H members and former members}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2012}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

This study addresses why youth choose to discontinue membership in 4-H, asking current members what they know about youth who do not choose to reenroll and what factors might guide programmatic adjustments to decrease member dropouts. The study addressed the number of factors that are needed to cause a member to discontinue, whether discontinuing members felt 4-H was un-cool. There was no significant single factor found that caused young people to dropout.

}, author = {Kevin Dwayne Chilek} } @mastersthesis {9855, title = {West Virginia 4-H Camp Songs and Music Traditions}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2011}, school = {West Virginia University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, address = {Morgantown, WV}, doi = {10.33915/etd.463}, author = {Jason A. Burnside} } @mastersthesis {9858, title = {What brings people to leadership roles: A phenoenological study of beef industry leaders}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2011}, school = {University of Nebraska, Lincoln}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Twelve beef industry leaders active at the local, state and national level of beef industry membership organizations were interviewed and described their experience as leaders. This study offers significance to the field of leadership which may guide the future development and role of leaders.

}, author = {B. Lynn Gordon} } @mastersthesis {9866, title = {Wisconsin 4-H/Youth Development Staff perspectives on Hispanic 4-H programs}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2011}, school = {University of Wisconsin, River Falls}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {https://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/55967}, author = {Candis O{\textquoteright}Brien} } @article {7529, title = {Weaving evaluation into the fabric of youth development}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {5}, year = {2010}, note = {

Article 100503FA003

}, doi = {10.5195/jyd.2010.207}, author = {Ben Silliman and Gene Shutt} } @article {7546, title = {Will natural resources professionals volunteer to teach youth?}, journal = {Applied Environmental Education \& Communication}, volume = {9}, year = {2010}, month = {June 2010}, pages = {78-86}, abstract = {A unique approach to volunteer marketing research. Natural resources professionals from Pennsylvania completed a mailed survey. Those most likely to volunteer to teach youth through 4-H programs were: self confident with youth, self-confident in their knowledge about natural resources, and had a personal interest in the specific subject matter to be taught. The opportunity to teach youth fulfilled a need for social responsibility and high levels of outdoor activity. The study demonstrated the value of surveying and working with a specific population of potential volunteers and to determine their promise for volunteer involvement and program expansion.}, doi = {10.1080/1533015X.2010.482465}, author = {Sandford Sherrick Smith and J. Finley and G. San Julian} } @mastersthesis {9800, title = {Workforce skills development in Ohio 4-H club members: An analysis by grade, gender and leadership experience}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2009}, note = {

available Online

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Ohio 4-H club members completed measures on 4-H experiences, workforce skills, youth employment and demographics, Twelfth graders perceived 4-H to be more helpful on 20 out of the 25 skills. Thirty percent indicated that they had gotten a job as a result of the knowledge and skills they learned in 4-H. They perceived 4-H to be the least helpful in technological skills and written communication.

}, author = {Amanda Marie Bennett} } @article {7299, title = {West Virginia{\textquoteright}s response to the rotten truth about oral health}, journal = {Journal of Youth Development}, volume = {3}, year = {2008}, abstract = {

West Virginia University Extension Service has taken steps to increase the awareness and practices of good oral health. Significant barriers exist for optimal dental health and preventive care for youth in West Virginia. The 4-H Health Initiative strengthens community 4-H clubs through joint commitment to improve the Health \“H,\” club reliance on youth leadership, responsiveness to youth voices, and involvement of community health resources. These efforts bring oral health education and services to school-age youth. Evaluation data suggest that the model may impact oral health behaviors.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2008.295}, author = {Brent Clark and Elaine Bowen and Chad Higgins and Zona Hutson and Gina Sharps and Tracy Waugh} } @mastersthesis {9792, title = {What factors contribute to older youth retention in 4-H}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2008}, school = {University of Wisconsin, Stout}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, url = {https://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/42815}, author = {Bonnie L. Nutt} } @article {7444, title = {Who is volunteering for the Maine 4-H program?}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {46}, year = {2008}, abstract = {

The study was designed to identify people who are most likely to volunteer for the Maine 4-H youth development program and determine how they became involved and why they continue to provide service to the organization.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2008august/rb8.php}, author = {Jennifer Lobley} } @book {6818, title = {Windows to a wider world: The Payne/National 4-H fellowships, 1931-1969}, year = {2008}, note = {Also a special collection at the National Ag Library}, publisher = {Alumni}, organization = {Alumni}, address = {Saint Paul, MN}, author = {Harlan Gene Copeland and Vincent Joseph McAuliffe} } @mastersthesis {9755, title = {Weight trajectories and positive development in early adolescent females: An analysis of the links between pubertal status, life style behaviors and psychosocial functioning}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2007}, note = {

Online ProQuest Dissertation Abstracts

}, school = {Tufts University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Utilized data from the 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development to examine the relationship among life style behaviors, pubertal status and psychosocial functioning among a sample of 505 adolescent girls from Grades 5-7.

Study reveals variance in depression and self-worth scores based on weight, sedentary behaviors, healthy home habits and physical activity participation.

}, author = {Pamela M. Anderson} } @mastersthesis {9757, title = {What is the effect of 4-H involvement on levels of empathy, self-esteem, community involvement and positive view of the future on urban youth?}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2007}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

Purpose of study was to examine empathy, self-esteem, community involvement and positive view of the future for both 4-H and non-4H members in an urban setting.

The Texas study utilized a quantitative research model. Seven counties participated. Response rate was 27 percent.

Findings: Empathy, community involvement, self-esteem and positive view of future can be indicators of leadership; race has a significant impact on self-esteem but not on a positive view of the future; 4-H involvement has a significant impact on community involvement.

}, author = {Erika Dawn Bonnett} } @mastersthesis {9766, title = {Wisconsin 4-H sportsmanship}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2007}, school = {University of Wisconsin, River Falls}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sarah Marie Medick} } @article {7564, title = {Why should 4-H horse and pony youth wear certified equestrian helmets?}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {42}, year = {2005}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2004december/tt4.php}, author = {Katherine McKee and Colleen Brady} } @article {7548, title = {Wonderwise 4-H: Following in the footsteps of women scientists}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {43}, year = {2005}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2005august/a3.php}, author = {Amy N. Spiegel and S. Kay Rockwell and Deanna Acklie and Saundra Wever Frerichs and Kathleen French and Judy Diamond} } @article {7586, title = {Why they come, why they go, and why they stay: Factors affecting volunteerism in 4-H programs}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {41}, year = {2003}, pages = {9}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/2003august/rb5.php}, author = {David J. White and Mary E. Arnold} } @mastersthesis {9657, title = {Work, life and effect of job on family satisfaction of Texas Extension Agents}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2003}, school = {Texas A\&M University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Toby Lee Lepley} } @booklet {6899, title = {Western 4-H Institute: Preparing the 4-H Professional for Success. Evaluation Report I}, year = {2002}, note = {ERIC Document ED 469 010}, month = {July 2002}, pages = {23 pp.}, abstract = {Evaluation measured training impacts on participants and assessed job satisfaction, career goals, retention, turnover and promotion in extension ranks. Findings indicated that participants were mosly female, married, childless, and young. Most had held teaching jobs before taking an extension job and felt moderately strong about making extension their life-long career. They were more likely to report that training had significantly improved their skills in all 15 core competencies measured.}, author = {Kirk Astroth} } @mastersthesis {9617, title = {Winning life{\textquoteright}s blue ribbons: Gender, recreation and Utah children 1940-1960}, volume = {M.A.}, year = {2002}, school = {Utah State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Holly Janelle Buck} } @mastersthesis {9564, title = {Why parents and guardians choose to send their child(ren) to North Carolina 4-H camps}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {2000}, school = {North Carolina State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Larry Birchel Hancock} } @proceedings {6838, title = {Work life issues of Extension employees}, year = {1999}, note = {abstract}, pages = {58}, author = {Ann Wells Clutter and Ruben Neito} } @mastersthesis {9515, title = {Work/life issues of Cooperative Extension system professionals}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1998}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Ann Wells Clutter} } @mastersthesis {9463, title = {Welcome to the club: Education where the bell never rings}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1996}, note = {

Ginger Larson Abstract

}, school = {Montana State University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

Qualitative and quantitative methods were used in this descriptive research study exploring the 4-H experience from participants\&$\#$39; perspectives to determine if the nation\&$\#$39;s largest non-formal youth development program is effective in developing life skills. Three counties were randomly selected where all 4-H leaders were asked to take an inventory to assess their orientation towards working with youth. Based upon the leadership roles--control oriented or more autonomy-oriented five 4-H clubs were chosen for the study. 4-H promoted more life skill learning, was more fun, and was a more satisfying club experience for members in clubs led by autonomy-oriented leaders than those of control-oriented clubs. Based on this research, characteristics of effective clubs are given.

}, author = {Kirk Astroth} } @article {7300, title = {Work patterns and occupational hazard exposures of North Carolina adolescents in 4-H clubs}, journal = {Injury Prevention}, volume = {2}, year = {1996}, pages = {274-277}, abstract = {Fourteen to 17 year old 4-H club members were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaires regarding their lifetime experience of work, hazard exposure, and injuries. More than three-quarters of teens in this study who worked on farms reported being injured there and 100\% were exposed to at least one farm hazard. Conclusions: Prevention efforts should target specific hazards youths are exposed to rather than the general work site.}, author = {Lisa Cohen and Carol Runyan and Kathleen Dunn and Michael Schulman} } @article {7889, title = {Why Do Teens Drop Out?: A Developmental View}, journal = {Journal of Extension (JOE)}, volume = {33}, year = {1995}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Participants in youth programs and organizations tend to drop out when they reach adolescence. An examination of adolescent development shows that a major portion of teen drop out is developmentally appropriate and normative. Youth organizations need to adjust their expectations for teen participation and remember that teens participate voluntarily.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1995february/comm1.php}, author = {Anne L. Heinsohn and Robert B. Lewis} } @mastersthesis {9432, title = {Workforce related skills and competencies in 4-H curriculum materials}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1994}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/34222722}, author = {Gwenneth Western El Sawi} } @article {7495, title = {Why youth drop out of 4-H}, journal = {Journal of Extension}, volume = {31}, year = {1993}, note = {

Research in Brief 1RIB3

}, month = {Spring 1993}, abstract = {

Ten dropouts between 10-13 years old and 10 between 14-18 years old from 10 counties in Indiana. The final selection process yielded 100 and out of this 92 youth could be contacted. Youth and their parents were interviewed over the phone. Youth represented a balance of rural, urban and mixed counties.The most common reason given by youth who dropped out was related to displeasure with 4-H clubs, ranging from boring meetings to not getting enough help with projects. The second reason was that youth were too busy with sports and third, that youth were too busy with a job.

}, url = {https://archives.joe.org/joe/1993spring/rb3.php}, author = {Robert Merle Ritchie and Kendra M. Resler} } @mastersthesis {9316, title = {Work motivational factors associated with the job performance of county extension agents in Ohio}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {1989}, note = {

Modified NAL abstract

}, school = {University of Toledo}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, abstract = {

The purpose of the study was to determine what motivational factors were associated with the job performance of county extension agents in Ohio. Herzberg\&$\#$39;s Motivation-Hygiene theory was the basis of this descriptive correlational study. Data were gathered in February 1989 by a mailed questionnaire. Job performance scores were collected from central administration. The population consisted of all county extension agents in Ohio (n=184); 176 (95.6\% response rate). Findings suggested that the sample was well balanced by program area and gender and the average length of service was 11.3 years. More than half of the agents were high performers. Overall the 4-H youth development agents had lower job performance scores than the agricultural and home economics agents. Agents were motivated both by intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors. Among other factors, agents desired the potential for personal challenge and development. In the relationship between work motivational factors and job performance, significant differences were found among the major program areas and the gender of the agent.

}, author = {Marilyn R. Spiegel} } @mastersthesis {9280, title = {A woody vegetational study of Rock Eagle 4-H Center}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1988}, school = {Georgia College}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Tina Marie Perkins} } @booklet {7128, title = {What 4-H members learn in animal science projects: An evaluation report}, year = {1987}, month = {September 1987}, pages = {29 pp.}, abstract = {A stratified sample design was used to insure that all 36 Oregon counties were represented by age and project. Seventy six percent of the questionnaires (845) were returned from all counties, with nearly equal proportions of respondednts from each age group and project area. When asked to list "the two most important things you{\textquoteright}ve learned in 4-H members gave life skill responses about as many times as they gave animal science responses. Seniors were more likely to list a life skill as most important. Experience levels continue to rise with 4-H participation, particularly in the life skills, with the largest gains noted for leadership development and communication skills.}, author = {Barbara J. Sawer} } @booklet {7181, title = {What 4-H members like and dislike about their clubs}, year = {1987}, author = {Carolyn Travers and M. F. Smith} } @mastersthesis {9196, title = {Wildlife knowledge and attitudes of Tennessee 4-H wildlife conference alumni from 1973 to 1981}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1986}, school = {University of Tennessee}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Sheila Munsey Andreasen} } @booklet {7157, title = {What youth gain from 4-H animal projects}, year = {1978}, pages = {430 pp.}, author = {Sara M. Steele and Norman Oscar Everson} } @mastersthesis {8870, title = {What is the relationship of reasons given for re-enrolling or dropping out of 4-H by first year members from new and regular audiences in four Ohio counties?}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1976}, note = {

Research in Extension, p. 44

}, school = {Ohio State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, abstract = {

The purpose of this study was to determine if differences existed between new and regular audience participants with regard to whether or not boys and girls reenrolled or dropped out of 4-H. Four hundred, sixty six responses from boys and girls who were first year members in Butler, Hamilton, Montgomery and Warren Counties were obtained by school interview or mail questionnaire. It was found that boys and girls from new and regular audiences did not differ with regards to their reasons for reenrolling or dropping out of 4-H. Some young people, involved in classroom activities, did not know that they were 4-H members. Both boys and girls liked learning new skills, meeting new friends and having fun.

}, author = {Charles Grover Replogle} } @booklet {6985, title = {What youth think and say about agriculture: research summary, a plan}, year = {1975}, author = {J. Cordell Hatch} } @mastersthesis {8727, title = {Why they resign: In depth case studies of 4-H agent resignations from New York State Cooperative Extension}, volume = {Ed.D.}, year = {1971}, school = {Cornell University}, type = {Doctoral diss.}, author = {Alfred Lasky} } @article {8676, title = {What are leaders really like? A study of adult 4-H volunteer leaders: Biographical Profile}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1969}, note = {

61p.; Term paper for the course Special Problems in Rural Education, Univ. of Maryland

}, institution = {University of Maryland}, type = {class paper}, url = {https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED051468}, author = {David E. Pace} } @mastersthesis {8452, title = {Weekly newspaper editors{\textquoteright} acceptance and use of 1963 state 4-H contest pictures and captions supplied by state and local extension service sources}, volume = {M.S.}, year = {1964}, school = {South Dakota State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Leland L. Sudlow} } @article {7690, title = {Who joins 4-H clubs. Part 2, An analysis of members, drop outs and non-members on personal and social behavior, school achievement and socio-economic factors}, year = {1964}, month = {November 1964}, pages = {35 pp.}, author = {Burton W. Kreitlow and Echo Leonore Ruth Lidster} } @mastersthesis {8440, title = {Why enrollment of 4-H club members in Muscogee County, Georgia, dropped over a three year period}, volume = {Unknown}, year = {1964}, school = {University of Georgia}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Hazel Malone} } @mastersthesis {8414, title = {Why Stevens County 4-H{\textquoteright}ers, age 14 to 18 years, stay in or drop out of 4-H club work (Reasons for dropouts and re-enrollments by older 4-H club members in Stevens County, Washington}, volume = {M.Ext.}, year = {1963}, note = {

Master of Extension degree

}, school = {Washington State University}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Frank W. Stowe (Jr.)} } @booklet {6928, title = {Why the "Drop Outs" in 4-H}, howpublished = {Selected Readings and References in 4-H}, year = {1961}, month = {p. 77-}, publisher = {University of Wisconsin, National Agricultural Extenation Center for Advanced Study}, address = {Madison, WI}, author = {James H. Copp and Robert Crowthers Clark} } @article {7691, title = {Who joins 4-H clubs? An analysis of the school and home backgrounds of 4-H club members and non-members in Wisconsin communities}, year = {1959}, note = {includes director{\textquoteright}s manual. Also in research summary No. 64, Sept. 1960, 6 pp.}, pages = {24 pp.}, author = {Burton W. Kreitlow and Lowell Pierce and Curtis O. Middleton} } @mastersthesis {8092, title = {What Extension agents can expect of adult local leaders in 4-H training programs}, volume = {M.Ed.}, year = {1953}, note = {

Master of Education degree

}, school = {University of Maryland}, type = {Master{\textquoteright}s thesis}, author = {Rhonwyn Lowry} } @article {7624, title = {Wayne County 4-H case study}, year = {1951}, pages = {12 pp.}, author = {Margaret Clark} } @booklet {7123, title = {Western Region of 4-H club study of first-year members}, year = {1949}, note = {bibliography}, author = {Laurel K. Sabrosky and others} } @article {7712, title = {Western states study of 4-H club re-enrollment: Report of the second phase or county exploration for Bingham County, Idaho}, year = {1949}, pages = {12 pp.}, author = {E. Niederfrank and J. Barber} } @article {7682, title = {Whither rural youth (study)}, year = {1942}, month = {April 1942}, pages = {33 pp.}, author = {F. R. Keeler and D. Rehl and Sower, C.} } @article {7610, title = {What 4-H clubs need to succeed: A study of some factors in Spokane County, Washington affecting the enrollment and completions in 4-H club work for years 1936, 1937 and 1938}, year = {1940}, pages = {12 pp.}, author = {Hilmer Axling and Henry M. Walker} } @article {7788, title = {Where are we going in the 4-H program? An anniversary year study of central states figures 1914-1939}, year = {1940}, pages = {13 pp.}, author = {Ray A. Turner} } @booklet {6895, title = {Why 4-H members do not reenroll?}, year = {1940}, pages = {typewritten, 5 pp.}, author = {Kenneth H. Anderson} } @article {7417, title = {Who joins 4-H clubs?}, journal = {Agricultural Extension Service Review}, volume = {9}, year = {1938}, pages = {21}, author = {Barnard D. Joy} } @article {7663, title = {The ways 4-H club advisers use in club meetings to help the 4-H members with the project}, year = {1937}, note = {

University probably incorrect, but this is the way its cited.

}, month = {1937}, pages = {71a-71t}, institution = {University of Ohio}, address = {Columbus, OH}, author = {Hulda Elizabeth Horst} } @article {7778, title = {Where are we going in the 4-H club program? A brief study of central states figures}, year = {1937}, pages = {12 pp.}, author = {Ray A. Turner} } @booklet {7082, title = {Why 4-H club members do not reenroll}, year = {1937}, pages = {typewritten, 5 pp.}, author = {R. L. Olson} } @booklet {7009, title = {Why club members do not reenroll}, year = {1936}, pages = {typewritten}, author = {Kansas State College} } @booklet {7211, title = {Why club members do not reenroll}, year = {1936}, pages = {typewritten, 5 pp.}, author = {Wisconsin College of Agriculture} } @booklet {6927, title = {What is being done to keep and maintain the interests of 4-H club members between the ages of 16 and 21}, howpublished = {Mass. State college Spec. Rept. Ed. 77, 12 pp.}, year = {1934}, note = {bibliography}, author = {Frances L. Cook} } @booklet {7022, title = {Why 4-H club members do not reenroll, Meigs County, Pomeroy, Ohio}, year = {1934}, pages = {typewritten, 3 pp.}, author = {George W. Kreitler} } @booklet {7098, title = {Why we lose 4-H club leaders}, year = {1932}, note = {bibliography}, pages = {typewritten, 3 pp.}, author = {Cha(rles) Potter} } @article {7811, title = {What local leaders do: A study of the activities of 155 local Extension leaders in two Nebraska counties}, year = {1929}, month = {Extension Service circular}, pages = {17 pp.}, author = {M. Wilcon and C. Brokaw} } @article {7666, title = {Why 4-H clubs work}, year = {1929}, pages = {16 pp.}, author = {A. M. Hulbert} } @booklet {7056, title = {What club work is doing for Montana{\textquoteright}s farm and home life}, year = {1914}, author = {Montana Extension Service} }