@inbook{429,
  keywords = {agroecology, indigenous pest control, ethnoentomology},
  author = {Miguel A. Altieri},
  editor = {William Overal and Darrell Posey},
  title = {The ecology and management of insect pests in traditional agroecosystems},
  abstract = {<p>An analysis of the scattered research conducted on indigenous knowledge about pest ecology and methods of pest control used in traditional agriculture suggested the following facts:</p><ul><li>Traditional farmers are able to identify the main pest species affecting their crops and have local names for most of them</li><li>In traditional agriculture the concept &quot;pest&quot; is relative, since many organisms considered pests may also be important resources for food, medicines, rituals, etc.</li><li>Most farmers have some level of knowledge about the biology, life cycles, and food preferences of most pest species.</li><li>Most farmers are aware of the conditions that favor and/or discourage pest incidence.</li><li>Most farmers accept a level of presence of pests and therefore adjust to a certain degree of crop loss.</li><li>Traditional farmers utilize a variety of cultural, physical/mechanical and biological methods to directly control pests, or indirectly rely on the built-in pest control mechanisms inherent to their complex cropping systems.</li></ul><p>The ensemble of traditional crop protection practices used by indigenous farmers throughout the developing world represents a rich resource for modern workers seeking to create pest management systems that are well adapted to the agroecological, cultural and socioeconomic circumstances facing peasants.</p>},
  year = {1990},
  journal = {Ethnobiology : implications and applications : proceedings of the First International Congress of Ethnobiology, Belém, 1988},
  volume = {1},
  chapter = {Part B; Chapter 1},
  pages = {131-143},
  month = {01/1990},
  publisher = {Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi},
  address = {Belém, Brazil},
  url = {https://www.worldcat.org/title/1025826490},
  language = {English},
}