@book {372, title = {People of the tropical rain forest}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {231}, publisher = {University of California Press}, organization = {University of California Press}, address = {Berkeley, CA}, abstract = {A compilation of writings some of which are incomplete. Beginning with chapter five this is an incomplete book about the specific people of the rain forest. It starts with the Indian National Resource management, Hill People of Northern Thailand, Hunters and Farmers of the African Forest, and people of the floodplain and forest. Not only does this excerpt discuss the Indians of Amazonia, but also discusses the regions. It also discusses the way each of the tribes make their living and how they use the resources around them. The last thing the chapter talks of is the ribere{\~n}os{\textquoteright} lives beyond the village. The excerpt includes many pictures and a few graphs.}, keywords = {Amazon, boats, Brazil, canoes, Central America, fallow, Native Americans, rainforests, slash and burn, smallholders, South America, swiddens, tribal peoples, tropical forests}, isbn = {0-520-06295-7; 0-520-06351-1}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/59892476}, editor = {Julie Sloan Denslow and Christine Padoch} } @inbook {889, title = {Introduction: The Bora agroforestry project}, booktitle = {Swidden-fallow agroforestry in the Peruvian Amazon}, series = {Advances in economic botany no. 5}, year = {1987}, note = {Also see 91-01916}, month = {January 1988}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {New York Botanical Garden}, organization = {New York Botanical Garden}, address = {Bronx, NY}, abstract = {The Bora Agroforestry Project carried out research on swidden-fallow management in the Bora Indian Village of Brillo Nuevo in the northeast Peruvian Amazon. Young fallow fields (up to ten years old) and old fallow fields (from 10-35 years old) were examined in terms of composition, structure, and utility.}, keywords = {ethnobotany, shifting cultivation}, isbn = {0-89327-325-2; 978-0-89327-325-5}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/17106758}, author = {William M. Denevan and Christine Padoch}, editor = {William M. Denevan and Christine Padoch} } @book {371, title = {People and the tropical forest: A research report from the United States Man and the Biosphere Program}, series = {Man and the Biosphere Program Project}, year = {1987}, note = {U.S. National Committee for Man and the Biosphere Tropical and Subtropical Forests Directorate}, month = {1987}, pages = {75}, publisher = {U.S. Department of State, U.S. Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Program, Tropical and Subtropical Forests Directorate}, organization = {U.S. Department of State, U.S. Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Program, Tropical and Subtropical Forests Directorate}, address = {Washington, DC}, abstract = {

Contents:

}, keywords = {agroforestry, forest management, rainforests}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/721051055}, editor = {Ariel E. Lugo and John J. Ewel and Susanna B. Hecht and Peter G. Murphy and Christine Padoch and Marianne C. Schmink and Donald Stone} } @inbook {928, title = {Traditional agroforestry practices of native and Ribereno farmers in the lowland Peruvian Amazon}, booktitle = {Agroforestry: Realities, possibilities and potentials}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {179-195}, publisher = {Martin Nijhoff Publishers in cooperation with ICRAF; distributors for the U.S. and Canada, Kluwer Academic Publishers}, organization = {Martin Nijhoff Publishers in cooperation with ICRAF; distributors for the U.S. and Canada, Kluwer Academic Publishers}, address = {Dordrecht, Netherlands}, abstract = {Recent research on traditional agriculture in the Peruvian Amazon indicates that agroforestry practices are widespread and extremely varied. This article describes five agroforestry systems found in the vicinity of Iquitos, Peru. Although all begin as shifting cultivation fields, they differ greatly in species composition and richness, in intensity and length of management, in economic orientation, and in adaptation to particular ecological conditions. Four of the five systems are found in mestizo communities of the region. The information presented shows that basic traditional swidden-fallow agroforestry practices are adaptable to varying environmental and economic situations (author).}, keywords = {barbasco, Bora Indians, caimito, cashews, charcoal , coca, corn, economics, fiber, mamey, manioc, medicine, palms, papayas, Peru, pichirina, pineapple, plantains, pomarosa, Riberenos, rifari, toronja, tropical cedar, umair, uvilla, zapote}, isbn = {90-247-3590-4}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/16352684}, author = {Christine Padoch and Wil de Jong}, editor = {Henry L. Gholz} } @article {582, title = {Indigenous agroforestry in the Peruvian Amazon: Bora Indian management of swidden fallows}, journal = {Interciencia}, volume = {9}, year = {1984}, month = {Nov.-Dec. 1984}, pages = {346-357}, abstract = {The purpose of this paper is to examine the swidden fallows of an Amazon native group, the Bora of eastern Peru, with the objective of demonstrating how fields are gradually abandoned. This contrasts with most studies of shifting cultivation which focus on why fields are abandoned, and which present a sharp distinction between the field (swidden) and the abandoned field (fallow). For the Bora there is no clear transition between swidden and fallow, but rather a continuum from a swidden dominated by cultivated plants to an old fallow composed entirely of natural vegetation. Thirty-five years or more may be required before the latter condition prevails. Abandonment is not a moment in time but rather a process over time. (author)}, keywords = {ethnobotany, fallow, multistory, Native Americans, Peru, swiddens}, author = {William M. Denevan and John M. Treacy and Janis B. Alcorn and Christine Padoch and Julie Sloan Denslow and Salvadore Flores Pait{\'a}n} } @inbook {903, title = {Patterns of resource use and human settlement in tropical forests}, booktitle = {Tropical rain forest ecosystems: Structure and function}, series = {Ecosystems of the world no. 14A}, year = {1983}, month = {1983}, pages = {301-313}, publisher = {Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company}, organization = {Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company}, address = {New York}, abstract = {

Criticisms of traditional resource use patterns in the tropics as wasteful and inefficient predominated in the literature in the past, but has given way in recent years to praise of the stability and conservativeness of these technologies. Such revised views are not surprising and are at least partially justified. They reflect the realization that traditional resource users usually allowed tropical forests to survive or at least to largely regenerate, whereas modern, fossil fuel-using man is expected to destroy these forests within the next century. However, in stressing the long-term persistence of traditional patterns, the: necessity\" and universality of some techniques and the self-sufficience and integrity of pre-modern resource use systems, commentators have done justice neither to the complexity nor the variability -- temporal, spatial, and technological -- of traditional human accommodations to tropical forests.

In this chapter, the authors review some of the conventional ways of viewing and classifying traditional resource use patterns, then point out some of the limitations of these familiar typologies, and finally discuss actual subsistence and settlement patterns in tropical forests, and comment on prospects for development of these areas.

In most broad discussions of indigenous resource use, some typology of food-getting technologies and/or of crops, crop types or crop assemblages, is meant to subsume the basic patterns of livelihood of all traditional groups. The division of technologies into hunting-gathering, shifting, cultivation, and permanent-field cropping is probably most familiar and commonly employed. These three very broad divisions of the spectrum of traditional subsistence, often erroneously assumed to be a necessary evolutionary sequence, are used by anthropologists and geographers to designate different levels of intensity of land resource use, as well as to differentiate levels of control and modification of forest environments. Observers have generally considered the following practices and patterns, technological and social, to be characteristic of these three very general types.

}, keywords = {rainforests}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/7576493}, author = {Christine Padoch and Andrew P. Vayda}, editor = {F. B. Golley} }