@inbook {882, title = {Indigenous knowledge and resource management systems in the Canadian subarctic}, booktitle = {Linking social and ecological systems: management practices and social mechanisms for building resilience}, year = {2000}, note = {CIKARD paper is from a workshop on Linking Social and Ecological Systems for Resilience and Sustainability. Beijer International Institute of Ecological Economics, Stockholm Sweden. Draft, August 1994}, month = {2000}, pages = {95-128}, abstract = {The Cree Amerindians of subarctic Canada lived as a group of hunter-gatherers. The social systems of the Cree and the ecological systems they have depended upon have survived for a long time. The paper explores possible mechanisms (local knowledge, resource management practices, institutions, worldview) that enabled this survival, and the ways in which these mechanisms may have evolved.}, keywords = {aquatic resources, Cree Indians, ecology, wildlife }, url = {https://worldcat.org/en/title/36470157}, author = {Fikret Berkes}, editor = {Fikret Berkes and Carl Folke and Johan Colding (assistant Ed.)} } @inbook {877, title = {Indigenous African resource management of a tropical rain forest ecosystem: A case study of the Yoruba of Ara, Nigeria}, booktitle = {Linking social and ecological systems: management practices and social mechanisms for building resilience}, year = {1998}, note = {

Paper originally presented by D. Michael Warren at Property Rights and the Performance of Natural Resource Systems: Social and Ecological Systems for Resilience and Sustainability August 29-30, 1994. The Beijier International Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm Sweden

}, month = {March 1998}, pages = {158-189}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, organization = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {New York}, abstract = {In his introduction, Dr. Warren defines the term "indigenous knowledge." He says that indigenous knowledge is a type of decision-making system. He calls for understanding and conserving natural resources. He states that "every community has the capacity to deal with its problems." He bases his study on a Yoruba state in the tropical rainforest in southwest Nigeria. The study also shows the way the community uses indigenous knowledge for decision-making processes and the utilization of the resources. There is a description of Ara, the changing land use, and the indigenous knowledge of biodiversity in Ara followed by his conclusions.}, keywords = {aafin Alara, agroforestry, cola acuminata, cola nitida, cultural diversity, ecosystem management, gari, Ghaga River, human ecology, ICRAF, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, molebi, Odo-Igbo River, rainforests, social ecology, social systems, sustainable development, USAID, West Africa Multipurpose Tree Project}, isbn = {0-521-59140-6; 978-0-521-59140-9}, url = {https://www.worldcat.org/title/36470157}, author = {D. Michael Warren and Jennifer Pinkston}, editor = {Fikret Berkes and Carl Folke} } @inbook {887, title = {Integrated management of a temperate montane rainforest ecosystem through wholistic forestry: A British Columbian example}, booktitle = {Linking social and ecological systems: management practices and social mechanisms for building resilience}, year = {1998}, note = {

CIKARD copy is a draft outline of a paper prepared for the Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Stockholm Project \"Social and Ecological System Linkages\" and later published in Linking social and ecological systems.

}, month = {1998}, pages = {363-389}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, organization = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {New York}, abstract = {Evelyn Pinkerton identifies the problem of logging in the temperate rainforest of the Pacific Northwest, British Columbia, and Southeast Asia. She identifies the political and scientific dimensions of the problem. She discusses the limits of the wildlife and timber and what the research uncovered. She identified the term "new forestry." She lists and describes two other types of forestry: Wholistic and Gitksan Wholistic Forestry. She discusses the detail and economics of both types. She also includes five different pie charts with a brief definition for each.}, keywords = {ecosystem resilience, rainforests, riparian zone, transition zone}, isbn = {0-521-59140-6}, url = {https://www.worldcat.org/title/36470157}, author = {Evelyn Pinkerton}, editor = {Fikret Berkes and Carl Folke} } @article {590, title = {Indigenous knowledge for biodiversity conservation}, journal = {Ambio}, volume = {22}, year = {1993}, note = {

ArticleType: research-article
Issue Title: Biodiversity: Ecology, Economics, Policy
Full publication date: May 1993
Copyright \© 1993 Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences See also: http://repository.ias.ac.in/64142/1/21_pub.pdf (open repository).

}, month = {May 1, 1993}, pages = {151-156}, abstract = {Indigenous peoples with a historical continuity of resource-use practices often possess a broad knowledge base of the behavior of complex ecological systems in their own localities. This knowledge has accumulated through a long series of observations transmitted from generation to generation. Such "diachronic" observations can be of great value and complement the "synchronic" observations on which western science is based. Where indigenous peoples have depended, for long periods of time, on local environments for the provision of a variety of resources, they have developed a stake in conserving, and in some cases, enhancing, biodiversity. They are aware that biological diversity is a crucial factor in generating the ecological services and natural resources on which they depend. Some indigenous groups manipulate the local landscape to augment its heterogeneity, and some have been found to be motivated to restore biodiversity in degraded landscapes. Their practices for the conservation of biodiversity were grounded in a series of rules of thumb which are apparently arrived at through a trial and error process over a long historical time period. This implies that their knowledge base is indefinite and their implementation involves an intimate relationship with the belief system. Such knowledge is difficult for western science to understand. It is vital, however, that the value of the knowledge-practice-belief complex of indigenous peoples relating to conservation of biodiversity is fully recognized if ecosystems and biodiversity are to be managed sustainably. Conserving this knowledge would be most appropriately accomplished through promoting the community-based resource-management systems of indigenous peoples.}, keywords = {biodiversity, South America}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/4314060}, author = {Madhav Gadgil and Fikret Berkes and Carl Folke} } @article {843, title = {Traditional ecological knowledge, biodiversity, resilience and sustainability}, year = {1993}, note = {

Later published as:

Berkes F., Folke C., Gadgil M. (1994) Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Biodiversity, Resilience and Sustainability. In: Perrings C.A., M{\"a}ler KG., Folke C., Holling C.S., Jansson BO. (eds) Biodiversity Conservation. Ecology, Economy \& Environment, vol 4. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1006-8_15

}, month = {1993}, institution = {Beijer International Institute of Ecological Economics}, address = {Stockholm, Sweden}, abstract = {Traditional peoples who depended on their local ecosystems for their essential needs, have accumulated by trial-and-error a rich body of local environmental knowledge, and in several cases elaborated resource management systems, and developed institutions appropriate for implementing these systems. Biodiversity conservation appears to be integral to many traditional management systems from tropical forests to coastal fisheries. For example, some groups manipulate the local landscape to augment its heterogeneity, use conservation "rules of thumb" to help use species-rich communities sustainable, and intergrate the production of several multispecies systems. Thus, self-interest of traditional peoples has been key to biodiversity maintenance. As traditional peoples are integrated into the global economy and come under various pressures, they often lose their resource base, and in the long run, their knowledge systems, social institutions, and their world view which shapes their relations with the environment. The process of decoupling of traditional peoples from their resource base is likely to reduce the resilience of their social systems, as well as their local ecosystems through biodiversity loss. We make the argument in this chapter that the two are related, and the reduction of resilience will make both social and ecological systems more fragile. One challenge for biodiversity conservation is to learn from the knowledge-practice-belief complex of traditional peoples. But a perhaps more important challenge is to implement elements of it in "new TEK" systems which allow feedbacks from the environment, and respond to them in a more resilient way than do current day management practices. (author)}, author = {Fikret Berkes and Carl Folke and Madhav Gadgil} }