@article {518,
	title = {Aquaculture in ancient Hawaii: Integrated farming systems included massive freshwater and seawater fish ponds},
	journal = {BioScience},
	volume = {37},
	year = {1987},
	month = {May 1987},
	pages = {320-331},
	abstract = {<p>A combination of food-producing technologies is required to support a large human population where there is a limited amount of arable land. Today integrated farming systems--combining agriculture, aquaculture, animal husbandry, and waste treatment technologies--are in use in South and Southern Asia and China, as well as in Eastern Europe and the Middle East. (author)</p><p>This paper includes a brief history of aquaculture as it developed throughout the world. It includes sections on: socio-cultural systems of ancient Hawaii in regard to the development of the expansive aquaculture-agriculture networks; integration of ancient fishponds and \&quot;traps\&quot; into taro agriculture; and the historical relevance of ancient Hawaiian aquaculture to aquaculture in other parts of the world.</p>},
	keywords = {ancient agriculture, brackish, brackish-water, common carp, duck, fish, freshwater ponds, integrated farming, loko, loko kuapa, loko pu{\textquoteright}uone, makaha, marine, seawater ponds},
	doi = {10.2307/1310688},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1310688},
	author = {Barry A. Costa-Pierce}
}
