@conference {769,
	title = {Indigenous knowledge and development (revised version)},
	year = {1991},
	note = {Background paper for seminar series on "Sociology and Natural Resource Management", Agriculture Department, The World Bank, December 3, 1990},
	month = {Feb. 20, 1991},
	address = {Washington, DC},
	abstract = {There are now hundreds of studies which have recorded indigenous knowledge in many countries. A review of these documents reveals useful insights in how indigenous knowledge and scientific research can benefit from one another. Despite improvements in crop and livestock production technologies, many farmers do not adopt these innovations. Research indicates that the farmers{\textquoteright} decisions to reject an innovation are often rational when viewed through the indigenous system. Many farming systems are based on intimate knowledge of soils, vegetation, climate, and pests. They also reflect strategies that allow the farmer to avoid perceived input, output and marketing risks or uncertainties. Understanding these perceived risks and ways of avoiding them can be an important first step towards fruitful partnerships between development professionals and farmers. Several examples of types of indigenous knowledge useful for development are outlined in this paper.},
	keywords = {agroforestry, aquatic resources, ethnoveterinary medicine, fisheries, forest gardens, mixed cropping, pest management, rice, traditional medicine, trees},
	author = {D. Michael Warren}
}
@article {670,
	title = {The banana (Musa spp.) Coffee robusta: Traditional agroforestry system of Uganda},
	journal = {Agroforestry Systems},
	volume = {11},
	year = {1990},
	month = {September 1990},
	pages = {213-226},
	abstract = {Banana (Musa spp.) with Coffee robusta, a traditional agroforestry system in Uganda, is a purely mixed cropping system managed on a sustained production basis. The basic primary production is banana as a main food crop and Coffee robusta as the main cash crop. The variety of trees deliberately retained, managed and planted, animals and crops in the system are managed by the farmers to maximize production by supplying timber, fruits, fuelwood, fodder, food, medicinal and other miscellaneous uses.},
	keywords = {agroforestry, bananas, coffee, home gardens, medicinal plants, mixed cropping, multipurpose trees, traditional agroforestry, Uganda},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00045900},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00045900},
	author = {Peter A. Oduol and J. R. W. Aluma}
}
@article {599,
	title = {Kandyan gardens of Sri Lanka},
	journal = {Agroforestry Systems},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1987},
	month = {June 1987},
	pages = {123-137},
	abstract = {Kandyan Gardens (KG) or Kandyan Forest Gardens (KFG) of Sri Lanka represent a traditional system of perennial cropping which has been in practice for several centuries. It is esseentially a system of mixed cropping with a variety of economically valuable groups of tree crops such as spices, fruits, medicinal plants and timber species. However, these systems are usually in small homestead holdings and are practiced in only a few districts. KFG is different from other homegarden systems mostly in terms of the variety of plants grown. Moreover the farmers who practice this system enjoy a {\textquoteright}relatively better{\textquoteright} level of living by virtue of returns from both the economic cash crops and the subsistence products. Presumably, with improved management, the system has the potential for increased production and better returns. This paper examines the situation with respect to the KG system and endeavours to identify the directions of research for the improvement of the system. (author)},
	keywords = {coffee, intercropping, labor, land use patterns, mixed cropping, pepper},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00047517},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00047517},
	author = {V. J. Jacob and W. S. Alles}
}
