@article {571,
	title = {Gender, ecology, and the science of survival: Stories and lessons from Kenya},
	journal = {Agriculture and Human Values},
	volume = {8},
	year = {1991},
	note = {Paper initially presented at Association of Women in Development Conference: The Global Empowerment of Women, 17-19 November 1989, Washington, DC (18 pp.)},
	month = {December 1991},
	pages = {156-165},
	abstract = {<p>Sustainable development and biodiversity initiatives increasingly include ethnoscience, yet the gendered nature of rural people\&$\#$39;s knowledge goes largely unrecognized. This paper notes the current resurgence of ethnoscience research and states the case for including gendered knowledge and skills, supported by a brief review of relevant cultural ecology and ecofeminist field studies. The author argues the case from the point of view of better, more complete science as well as from the ethical imperative to serve women\&$\#$39;s interests as the \&quot;daily managers of the living environment.\&quot; In the interests of both objectives the paper advocates an ethnoscience research approach based on empowerment of rural people, rather than simple extraction of their knowledge. The Kenyan case study of women\&$\#$39;s agroforestry work follows their response to the drought and famine of 1985 and chronicles the unfolding discovery of women\&$\#$39;s ecological, political and social science as gendered survival skills. The case is re-counted as a story, in keeping with an explicit choice to learn through participation and to report through storytelling. The experience of rural women and researchers during the drought provides several lessons for both groups about their respective knowledge systems, their agroforestry work and the relationship of both to local and national political economy. (author)</p><p>The author states her concern over loss of culture and genetic diversity, realizing the importance of this diversity to the livelihoods of the poor people. If this knowledge is to survive, women must be included in literature pertaining to sustainability and indigenous knowledge. By including women in research it may provide an opportunity for them to redefine their roles in their households, communities and nations, as well as providing important information pertaining to diversity.</p>},
	keywords = {agroforestry, alley cropping, biodiversity, community forestry, cultural ecology, drought, East Africa, ecofeminist, ethnobotany, ethnoscience, famine, fodder trees, gendered knowledge, knowledge system, land rights, land tenure, on-farm trials, pastoralism, rural people, simple extraction, survival skills, sustainable development},
	doi = {10.1007/BF01579669},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007\%2FBF01579669},
	author = {Dianne E. Rocheleau}
}
@article {803,
	title = {The scientific basis for Shipibo soil classification and land use: Changes in soil-plant associations with cash cropping},
	journal = {American Anthropologist},
	volume = {91},
	year = {1989},
	month = {March 1989},
	pages = {83-100},
	abstract = {Since the Shipibo began cash cropping rice, their land use patterns have changed with proportionately less utilization of soft sandy soils, which are best for staple Musa production, and greater use of harder clayey soils, which are more suitable for rice and root crops. Statistical analysis of soil samples reveals the physical-chemical basis for Shipibo soil categories and indicates the effect of swidden agriculture on levels of important soil characteristics. While cultural principles for planting have summarized these important ecological relationships in the past, they are often violated with increasing rice production. Examination of time allocation and food consumption data shows that changes in Shipibo land use patterns are associated with higher labor costs during brief periods of the agricultural cycle and greater dependence on domesticated animal foods.},
	keywords = {cultural ecology, human adaptation, Shipibo, soil classification, swiddens},
	doi = {10.1525/aa.1989.91.1.02a00050},
	url = {https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1525/aa.1989.91.1.02a00050},
	author = {Clifford A. Behrens}
}
@article {672,
	title = {The cultural ecology of development: Ten precepts for survival},
	journal = {Agriculture and Human Values},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1988},
	note = {This article from Agriculture and Human Values, 5 (1-2) listed independently.},
	month = {December 1988},
	pages = {112-123},
	abstract = {This paper uses a cultural ecology of development approach to critique existing models of development. The critique identifies existing models as running counter to ecological and biological imperatives, placing an over-emphasis on growth as the solution to development, and resulting in considerable cultural wastage. An argument is made that many of the attempts to construct an alternative development paradigm can be grouped within the cultural ecology of development approach. Ten precepts that will enhance the long-term survivability of the earth are proposed. The final portion of the paper looks at how compatible current trends in thinking about development are with these ten precepts and assesses the prospects for adoption of these precepts in an alternative development paradigm.},
	keywords = {agricultural economics, cultural ecology, current trend, development approach, development paradigm, veterinary medicine},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02217182},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02217182},
	author = {Billie R. DeWalt}
}
@conference {790,
	title = {Relationships between Shipibo and western soil classification: Changes in land use patterns with cash cropping},
	booktitle = {Paper presented at 85th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, 5 December 1986, Philidelphia},
	year = {1986},
	month = {December 1986},
	abstract = {Since the Shipibo began cash cropping rice, their land use patterns have changed with less utilization of sandy soils, best for staple Mosa production, and greater use of harder soils, more suitable for rice and root crops. Statistical analysis of soil samples reveals the physical-chemical basis for Shipibo soil categories and indicates the effect of swidden agriculture on levels of important soil characteristics. While cultural prescriptions for planting have summarized these ecological relationships in the past, they are often violated with increasing rice production. This paper examines the greater labor costs associated with the adoption of cash cropping by Shipibo farmers. (author)},
	keywords = {cultural ecology, human adaptation, Shipibo, soil classification, swiddens},
	author = {Clifford A. Behrens}
}
