@inbook {878,
	title = {Indigenous agroforestry strategies meeting farmers{\textquoteright} needs},
	booktitle = {Alternatives to deforestation: Steps towards sustainable use of the Amazon rain forest.},
	year = {1990},
	note = {Author Affiliation: Biology Department, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA},
	month = {1990},
	pages = {141-151},
	publisher = {Columbia University Press},
	organization = {Columbia University Press},
	address = {New York},
	abstract = {Seven characteristics of indigenous agroforestry strategies are discussed: they incorporate native trees and communities; they rely on natural succession; they use natural environmental variation; they incorporate numerous crop and native species; they are flexible; they spread risks by retaining diversity; and they work to ensure independent survival using backup resources available to the community. Specific examples from the sequential agroforestry and forest grove systems of Mexican Huastec and Peruvian Bora farmers show the ways in which indigenous strategies are used.},
	keywords = {agroforestry, Bora, deforestation, ecology, Huastec, Mexico, Peru},
	isbn = {0-231-06892-1; 978-0-231-06892-5},
	url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/803206060},
	author = {Janis B. Alcorn},
	editor = {Anthony B. Anderson}
}
@inbook {860,
	title = {An economic analysis of Huastec Mayan forest management},
	booktitle = {Fragile lands of Latin America: Strategies for sustainable development},
	year = {1989},
	note = {Chapter 12},
	month = {1989},
	pages = {182-206},
	publisher = {Westview Press},
	organization = {Westview Press},
	address = {Boulder, CO},
	abstract = {<p>In this paper, I describe and evaluate a type of \&quot;social forestry\&quot; system currently used by indigenous farmers living at a density of 100 persons per square kilometer in a zone of \&quot;fragile lands\&quot; in northeastern Mexico. This zone can be classified as fragile for several reasons. It is a zone where bare soil is easily damaged by heavy rains and hot sun. It is a zone of slopes subject to erosion by runoff from the heavy rains. The land use I describe is not limited to the specific physical or social conditions of my study site. Systems similar to that of the Huastec have been described from other areas and could be applied by trained smallholders living in any forested area, regardless of forest type or slope.</p><p>The advantages of this systems are that it complements production from other farm subunits, gives farmers access to subsistence goods, produces commercially valuable products, conserves wild genetic resources of forest species, and protects soils. (author)</p>},
	keywords = {agroforestry, Huastec, Latin America, Maya, Mexico},
	isbn = {0-8133-7705-6; 978-0-8133-7705-6},
	author = {Janis B. Alcorn},
	editor = {John O. Browder}
}
@article {543,
	title = {Development policy, forests, and peasant farms: Reflections on Huastec-managed forests{\textquoteright} contributions to commercial production and resource conservation},
	journal = {Economic Botany},
	volume = {38},
	year = {1984},
	month = {Oct-Dec 1984},
	pages = {389-406},
	abstract = {The Huastec Indians of northeastern Mexico manage their forests in an indigenous system that integrates commercial and subsistence production. Elements of primary and secondary forest coexist with introduced species in this diverse silvi-cultural structure which complements the swidden and permanent agriculture fields of the Huastec farmstead. The forest{\textquoteright}s direct production of the food, timber, and fuel resources discussed here buffers the Huastec peasant family against market fluctuations and the failed harvest of a single crop. The Huastec system of forest management offers an alternative pattern to the agroforestry and plantation schemes now being suggested for development in the tropics. It is an alternative that provides protection for wild genetic resources while it contributes to the combination of commercial and subsistence agriculture so important for the successful modernization of peasant agriculture. The documentation of this system demonstrates that ethnobotanists and economic botanists have an important but unrealized role to play in the protection of biotic resources and in the development of sustained yield agroecosystems for peasants. The contributions of ethnobotanists are particularly valuable because they can find where and why useful wild species persist in agroecosystems. A greater effort to direct the attentions of policy makers to the value of ethnobotanical knowledge is needed. (author)},
	keywords = {biogeography, ethnobotany, Huastec, life sciences, general, Mexico, plant ecology, plant sciences, plant systematics, taxonomy},
	doi = {10.1007/BF02859077},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/4254676},
	author = {Janis B. Alcorn}
}
@article {579,
	title = {Huastec noncrop resource management: Implications for prehistoric rain forest management},
	journal = {Human Ecology},
	volume = {9},
	year = {1981},
	month = {December 1981},
	pages = {395-417},
	abstract = {The Huastec have interacted with elements of a diverse flora in northeastern Mexico for 30 centuries. A Huastec plant-management model is derived from patterns reflected in all anthropogenic vegetation zones, from the dooryard to the forest, and used to discuss the possible effects of human activities upon the prehistoric rain forest. Huastec plant management is discussed from an analytical perspective which views plant management as resulting from the integration of two types of plant manipulation: the manipulation of vegetation en masse and the manipulation of individual plants. Decisions about plant manipulation reflect a concern for minimal labor investment to place the resource at hand. Noncrop plant manipulation practices potentially influence the evolution of individual plants and plant communities primarily by affecting species{\textquoteright} distribution and population parameters. Since the impact of plant-management practices clearly goes beyond domestication, ways of evaluating such practices in order to expand our understanding of ethnobotanical interactions and their impact are suggested.},
	keywords = {anthropology/archaeometry, domestication, ecology, environmental management, Huastec, rainforests, resource management, sociology, tropical agroecosystem},
	doi = {10.1007/BF01418729},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01418729},
	author = {Janis B. Alcorn}
}
