@article {824,
	title = {Indigenous knowledge and drought in the arid zone of Rajasthan [India]: Weather prediction as a means to cope with a hazardous climate},
	year = {1993},
	month = {March 1993},
	institution = {Zurich Departement Wald-Und Holzforschung},
	address = {Z{\"u}rich},
	abstract = {This paper is the result of a first step of a cooperation between two sociologists as members of scientific research units in which the consideration of socio-cultural aspects of environment gains momentum. They emphasize the importance of the consideration of indigenous knowledge in the development process of areas with precarious environmental conditions. In their contribution they highlight the immense value of autochthonous perceptions of particularly rural surroundings to face future challenges and to safeguard the sustainable physical, social and cultural persistence of the semi-arid area of Rajasthan. (author)},
	keywords = {agroforestry, drought, India, local knowledge, Rajasthan},
	author = {L. P. Bharara and Klaus Seeland}
}
@article {571,
	title = {Gender, ecology, and the science of survival: Stories and lessons from Kenya},
	journal = {Agriculture and Human Values},
	volume = {8},
	year = {1991},
	note = {Paper initially presented at Association of Women in Development Conference: The Global Empowerment of Women, 17-19 November 1989, Washington, DC (18 pp.)},
	month = {December 1991},
	pages = {156-165},
	abstract = {<p>Sustainable development and biodiversity initiatives increasingly include ethnoscience, yet the gendered nature of rural people\&$\#$39;s knowledge goes largely unrecognized. This paper notes the current resurgence of ethnoscience research and states the case for including gendered knowledge and skills, supported by a brief review of relevant cultural ecology and ecofeminist field studies. The author argues the case from the point of view of better, more complete science as well as from the ethical imperative to serve women\&$\#$39;s interests as the \&quot;daily managers of the living environment.\&quot; In the interests of both objectives the paper advocates an ethnoscience research approach based on empowerment of rural people, rather than simple extraction of their knowledge. The Kenyan case study of women\&$\#$39;s agroforestry work follows their response to the drought and famine of 1985 and chronicles the unfolding discovery of women\&$\#$39;s ecological, political and social science as gendered survival skills. The case is re-counted as a story, in keeping with an explicit choice to learn through participation and to report through storytelling. The experience of rural women and researchers during the drought provides several lessons for both groups about their respective knowledge systems, their agroforestry work and the relationship of both to local and national political economy. (author)</p><p>The author states her concern over loss of culture and genetic diversity, realizing the importance of this diversity to the livelihoods of the poor people. If this knowledge is to survive, women must be included in literature pertaining to sustainability and indigenous knowledge. By including women in research it may provide an opportunity for them to redefine their roles in their households, communities and nations, as well as providing important information pertaining to diversity.</p>},
	keywords = {agroforestry, alley cropping, biodiversity, community forestry, cultural ecology, drought, East Africa, ecofeminist, ethnobotany, ethnoscience, famine, fodder trees, gendered knowledge, knowledge system, land rights, land tenure, on-farm trials, pastoralism, rural people, simple extraction, survival skills, sustainable development},
	doi = {10.1007/BF01579669},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007\%2FBF01579669},
	author = {Dianne E. Rocheleau}
}
@article {834,
	title = {Survey report for increasing food production and its development plan in Africa: Zimbabwe},
	year = {1989},
	month = {March 1989},
	institution = {Association for International Cooperation of Agriculture \& Forestry, Japan},
	address = {Tokyo},
	abstract = {In the first half of the 1980s, African countries, particularly those located south of the Sahara Desert, faced a serious problem of food shortage that was caused by population increase, progress of desertification and continuation of drought year. Although the food shortage has been somewhat alleviated in the recent years due to favorable climatic conditions, the increase of food production continues to be the fundamental problem as no improvement has been made on the fragility of food production in these African countries. Cooperation and support from the developed countries are needed in solving this problem. The role of Japan would be to actively provide cooperation to the African countries in the domain of agriculture and forestry. For this purpose, AICAF has been conducting a survey to grasp the actual conditions of food and agriculture in the African countries since 1985 under the consignment from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. This survey has been conducted on twelve countries by the end of FY 1987.},
	keywords = {Africa, aquatic resources, desertification, drought, food production, Zimbabwe},
	author = {Association for International Cooperation of Agriculture \& Forestry (AICAF)}
}
@inbook {869,
	title = {Elements of success: Sustainable development in sub-Saharan Africa},
	booktitle = {World Resources 1987: An assessment of the resource base that supports the global economy},
	year = {1987},
	note = {Chapter 14},
	month = {April 1987},
	pages = {221-238},
	publisher = {Basic Books},
	organization = {Basic Books},
	address = {Washington, DC},
	abstract = {In recent years, Africa{\textquoteright}s farmers and herders, its soils and forests, have been chasing each other down a vicious spiral of environmental degradation and deepening poverty. Conventional development efforts by donors and governments have largely failed to halt the spiral, indeed in some cases have aggravated it. The need to find solutions is urgent. Africa not only must increase its energy and found output in line with rapidly expanding populations, but must do so in a way that preserves the resource base and enhances the welfare and income of the majority. Despite the general landscape of failure, a growing number of projects and programs -- governmental, intergovernmental, and nongovernmental -- have succeeded. This chapter examines some of those "success stories" and attempts to draw some more general lessons that can point to a "recipe for success" in sub-Saharan Africa.},
	keywords = {agroforestry, alley cropping, Burkina Faso, cassava, charcoal , drought, fuelwood, green revolution, Kenya, maize, Niger, Nigeria, OXFAM, rainfall, reforestation, soil fertility, stoves, trypanosomiasis, water conservation, windbreaks, Zimbabwe},
	isbn = {0-465-09239-X},
	url = {https://www.wri.org/publication/world-resources-1987},
	author = {International Institute for the Environment and Development (IIED) and World Resourses Institute (WRI)}
}
