@article {847, title = {Using rapid rural appraisal techniques of Gersale Village in Duraite Peasants Association in Konso Wereda: Report of diagnostic survey}, year = {1993}, month = {May 1993}, institution = {FARM Africa}, address = {Addis Ababa, Ethiopia}, abstract = {

This is a report of a diagnostic study, using Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) techniques. The main objective of the field work was to give trainees practice in the RRA approach and only secondary was the objectives to do RRA diagnostic study that could guide further development efforts by the community in collaboration with government and non-government organisations in Konso. (author)

Sections of this report include:

}, keywords = {agroforestry, cropping patterns, land use, livestock, social structure, trees, water resources }, url = {https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=ET9300195}, author = {Simon Adebo} } @book {338, title = {Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, pages = {280}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, organization = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge [England]; New York}, abstract = {The governance of natural resources used by many individuals in common is an issue of increasing concern to policy analysts. Both state control and privatization of resources have been advocated, but neither the state nor the market has been uniformly successful in solving common-pool resource problems. After critiquing the foundations of policy analysis as applied to natural resources, Elinor Ostrum here provides a unique body of empirical data to explore the conditions under which common-pool resource problems have been satisfactorily or unsatisfactorily solved. Dr. Ostrum first describes three models most frequently used as the foundation for recommending state or market solutions. She then outlines theoretical and empirical alternatives to these models in order to illustrate the diversity of possible solutions. In the following chapters she uses institutional analysis to examine different ways -- both successful and unsuccessful -- of governing the commons. In contrast to the propositions of the "tragedy of the commons" argument, common-pool problems sometimes are solved by voluntary organizations rather than by a coercive state. Among the cases considered are communal tenure in meadows and forest, irrigation communities and other water rights, and fisheries. (author)}, keywords = {aquatic resources, case studies, common property management, commons, land tenure, land use, social choice}, isbn = {0-521-37101-5}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1119430541}, author = {Elinor Ostrom} } @book {355, title = {Joint management for forest lands: Experiences from South Asia}, year = {1990}, month = {January 1990}, pages = {49}, publisher = {Ford Foundation}, organization = {Ford Foundation}, address = {New Delhi, India}, abstract = {This paper briefly examines three regions within South Asia where poor land management is causing environmental degradation and social and economic problems for rural communities. Within each setting, an example is given of a government agency which is attempting to improve land management through partnerships with community groups. The experiences of each program are discussed and assesed in terms of the productivity, equity, and sustainability of emerging joint management systems. The paper concludes by describing Foundation efforts to support forest agencies developing new approaches to participatory management. (author)}, keywords = {agroforestry, Bengal, common property, community forestry, India, land tenure, land use, Nepal, participatory research, social forestry}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/24551289}, author = {Mark Poffenberger} } @book {356, title = {Keepers of the forest: Land management alternatives in southeast Asia}, series = {Kumarian Press library of management for development}, year = {1990}, month = {December 1990}, pages = {289}, publisher = {Ateneo De Manila University Press; Kumarian Press}, organization = {Ateneo De Manila University Press; Kumarian Press}, address = {Manilia, Philipinnes; West Hartford, CT}, abstract = {

Contains following chapters:

  1. The evolution of forest management systems in southeast Asia (Mark Poffenberger);
  2. A history of state forest management in Java (Nancy Lee Peluso);
  3. The changing upland landscape of the northern Philippines (Percy E. Sajise and Elizabeth A. Omegan);
  4. Forces and policy issues affecting forest use in northeast Thailand (James A. Hafner);
  5. Facilitating change in forestry bureaucracies (Mark Poffenberger);
  6. Diagnostic tools for social forestry; (Jefferson Fox)
  7. Communal forest leases as a tenurial option in the Philippine uplands (Luzviminda B. Cornista and Eva F. Escue);
  8. Identifying appropriate agroforestry technologies in Java (Carol Stoney and Mulyadi Bratamihardj);
  9. Evolving management systems in Thailand (Kamon Pragtong and David E. Thoma);
  10. Migrant farmers and the shrinking forests of northeast Thailand (James A. Hafner and Yaoxvalak Apichatvullop);
  11. Reorienting forest management on Java (Nancy Lee Peluso, Mark Poffenberger and Frances Seymour);
  12. Community participation for conservation area management in the Cyclops Mountains, Irian Jaya, Indonesia (Arthur Mitchell, Yance de Fretes, and Mark Poffenberger);
  13. The growth of the Philippine social forest program (Christopher Gibbs, Edwin Payuan, and Romulo del Castill);
  14. Social forestry in Cebu (Salve B. Borlagdan); and
  15. Steps towards establishing collaborative management (Mark Poffenberger).
}, keywords = {agroforestry, common property, commons, community forestry, cooperatives, deforestation, empowerment, forest management, forestry, land tenure, land use, land use, rural, participatory research, social aspects, southeast Asia, trees}, isbn = {971-550-010-2; 9789715500104}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/20263005}, editor = {Mark Poffenberger} } @book {360, title = {Land and water strategy, the process begins: workbook on water}, year = {1989}, month = {1989}, publisher = {Provincial Government of Manitoba [Manitoba Natural Resources, Water Resources Branch]}, organization = {Provincial Government of Manitoba [Manitoba Natural Resources, Water Resources Branch]}, address = {Winnipeg, MB}, abstract = {The Government of Manitoba has established a Land and Water Strategy to enable them to manage their water resources in a sustainable manner. The Strategy is based on the following objectives: 1. To sustain and enhance resource productivity and improve the environmental quality of Manitoba; and 2. To improve and diversify income and job opportunities. This book contains sections on: Land and Water Strategies; A Strategy for Water; Water Policies-1. Water Quality; 2. Conservation; 3. Use and Allocation; 4. Water Management Infrastructure; 5. Flooding; and 6. Drainage - a Questionnaire; and a Glossary.}, keywords = {agriculture, Canada, economic aspects, environmental protection, fisheries, forestry, land use, mineral resources, natural resource conservation, North America, Province of Manitoba, soils, sustainable development, water , water resources , wildlife }, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/56232838}, author = {Provincial Government of Manitoba, Water Resources Branch} } @book {415, title = {User groups as producers in participatory afforestation strategies}, year = {1989}, month = {December 1989}, publisher = {Harvard Institute for International Development}, organization = {Harvard Institute for International Development}, address = {Cambridge, MA}, abstract = {This paper{\textquoteright}s area of analysis is social forestry, particularly under regimes of common property or joint usufruct over natural resources. The paper will argue that sociological analysis brings an increment of professional precision to the thinking about participation in natural resource management by proposing strategies for organizing the individual users of natural resources into user groups and for enabling such user groups to act as producers and managers in order to generate increased benefits through group action. Conversely, the paper contends that when sociological understanding is absent, well intentioned attempts toward participation lack compass and often result, as will be shown, in misguided intervention. (author)}, keywords = {community woodlots, land tenure, land use, reforestation, social forestry, social organization}, author = {Michael M. Cernea} } @book {349, title = {Indigenous peoples and tropical forests: Models of land use and management from Latin America}, series = {Cultural survival report no. 27}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, publisher = {Cultural Survival, Inc.}, organization = {Cultural Survival, Inc.}, address = {Cambridge, MA}, abstract = {This document describes and analyzes different land use systems in the rain forests of Latin America. It considers examples from different realms of resource use, such as: gathering; hunting; fishing and other aquatic resources; swidden agriculture; permanent agriculture; and large-scale sustainable resource management systems. Research priorities are suggested for each realm.}, keywords = {aquatic resources, land use, Latin America, rainforests}, isbn = {0-939521-38-5, 978-0-939521-38-8, 0-939521-32-6, 978-0-939521-32-6}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/249738828}, author = {Jason W. Clay} } @book {416, title = {We eat trees: Tree planting and land rehabilitation in West Pokot District, Kenya: a baseline study (Working Paper)}, series = {Forest, Trees and People Working Paper np. 82}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {123}, publisher = {Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, International Rural Development Centre}, organization = {Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, International Rural Development Centre}, address = {Uppsala [Sweden]}, abstract = {During early discussion with the management of the VI Tree Planting Project, it appeared to the author that there were three lodestars to guide the project{\textquoteright}s activities. First, by enclosing waste lands and planting trees in the semi-arid parts of West Pokot district, a rapid improvement of the environment is brought about. Grass invades the enclosed areas, soil erosion is arrested, and the productivity of the land is improved. This impresses the farmers of the area, who become interested in land rehabilitation. Secondly, in the higher potential areas of West Pokot district and in Trans Nzoia district, the project concentrates on producing and distributing seedlings of rapidly growing leguminous species. These will improve soil fertility and provide fuelwood in these densely populated and treeless areas. Thirdly, through cooperation with the many women groups on the settlement schemes in Trans Nzoia, the project hopes to reach a large number of families and encourage them to plant trees. (author)}, keywords = {afforestation, agroforestry, erosion, extension, farmer participatory research, fodder, fuelwood, grazing, herding, Kenya, land use, livestock, pastoralism, reclamation of land, reforestation, soil conservation, subsistence agriculture, tree planting, women}, isbn = {978-91-576-3510-5}, issn = {0280-4301}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/610964356}, author = {Wilhelm {\"O}stberg and Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, Uppsala (Sweden) and International Rural Development Centre} } @article {578, title = {Household economy and tree growing in upland Central Java}, journal = {Agroforestry Systems}, volume = {5}, year = {1987}, month = {June 1987}, pages = {169-184}, abstract = {This article tries to identify the key variables that determine land use patterns and the strategies of households towards tree growing in two upland regions in Central Java. A household{\textquoteright}s access to land and market opportunities appear to be such key variables. Households with little land use their land more intensively with respect to crop, livestock and tree production. So do households with access to market opportunities. Based on this type of diagnostic research more appropriate tree-based designs could be developed to contribute to the solution of land use problems in the uplands of Java.}, keywords = {agroforestry, farming systems research , Indonesia, Java, land use, social forestry, upland farming}, doi = {10.1007/BF00047520}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00047520}, author = {P. van der Poel and H. van Dijk} } @article {507, title = {Agroforestry pathways for the intensification of shifting cultivation}, journal = {Agroforestry Systems}, volume = {4}, year = {1986}, month = {March 1986}, pages = {39-54}, abstract = {

As a system of land use which entails the deliberate association of trees with herbaceous field crops in time, shifting cultivation is one of the most ancient, widespread and, until recently, ecologically stable forms of agroforestry. However, under pressure of population and competing uses for land and labour, traditional swidden systems have been observed historically to undergo more or less predictable processes of intensification. Since shifting cultivation is an indigenous form of agroforestry, scientific agroforestry is not, strictly speaking, an \&$\#$39;alternative\&$\#$39; to shifting cultivation, but rather a systematic approach to the recombination of its basic elements into more intensive, sustainable and politically viable forms of land use, whenever pressures signal the need for change in traditional swidden systems.

Different agroforestry options open up from different stages of intensification in swidden systems. A review of evolutionary typologies of shifting cultivation gives rise to a framework for the identification of agroforestry interventions and development pathways appropriate to specific systems. technological proposals are limited to a short list of the most promising agroforestry interventions in \&$\#$39;main sequence\&$\#$39; swidden systems. These include \&$\#$39;integral taungya\&$\#$39;, economically and biologically enriched fallows, variations on the \"alley cropping\" theme, and various tree crop alternatives to annual cropping systems. Examples and quantitative data are cited to substantiate the main hypotheses behind the proposals.

}, keywords = {development pathway, field crops, land use, stable form}, doi = {10.1007/BF01834701}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01834701}, author = {J. B. Raintree and K. Warner} } @inbook {899, title = {Native cultures and protected areas: Management options}, booktitle = {Culture and conservation: The human dimension in environmental planning}, year = {1985}, note = {Chapter 2}, month = {1985}, pages = {33-44}, publisher = {Croom Helm}, organization = {Croom Helm}, address = {London}, abstract = {On their own lands, the culturally native populations of Latin America protect large areas in natural ecosystems and achieve a renewable resource of a living environment. This relation can be reinforced by each of the four management options for the formal designation and organization or protected areas which are outlined in this paper: native owned lands, where the protection of the area is by native peoples; reserves, where a protected natural area corresponds with the territory of a particular native population; buffer zones, where a protected area serves as a physical or ecological barrier between native lands and the lands of others; and research stations, where certain areas under native management are organized as agricultural or ecological research stations.}, keywords = {common property, commons, community forestry, forest management, land tenure, land use, natural resource management}, author = {Leslie A. Brownrigg}, editor = {Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt} } @article {541, title = {Developing sustainable agroecosystems}, journal = {BioScience}, volume = {33}, year = {1983}, month = {January 1983}, pages = {45-49}, abstract = {Yields in modern agricultural systems are sustained by investing costly external resources of uncertain future availability and with technologies that have prompted ecosystemic degradation. The ecological and socioeconomic aspects of developing alternative, self-sustained, energy efficient, less resource-intensive agroecosystems are analyzed. (author)}, keywords = {agronomy, biodiversity, ecosystem, energy use, food production, insects, land use, local knowledge, pest management, plant diseases, soils, sustainable agriculture, weeds}, doi = {10.2307/1309244}, url = {http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/33/1/45}, author = {Miguel A. Altieri and Deborah K. Letourneau and James R. Davis} } @inbook {856, title = {Agroforestry in the Amazon basin: Practice, theory and limits of a promising land use}, booktitle = {Amazonia: Agriculture and land use research}, series = {CIAT series no. 03E-3(82)}, year = {1982}, note = {

Papers presented at the International Conference on Amazonian Agriculture and Land Use Research, Cali, Colombia, April 16-18, 1980 (1st: 1980: Centro Internacional de Agricultural Tropical)

Sponsored by the Rockefeller Foundation [and others]

}, month = {[1982]}, pages = {339-351}, publisher = {Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical}, organization = {Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical}, address = {Cali, Colombia}, abstract = {This paper explores the potentials for agroforestry in the Amazon Basin. Agroforestry systems are "sustainable land management systems that combine the production of crops including tree crops, forest plants and/or animals simultaneously or sequentially on the same unit of land, applying management practices that are compatible with the cultural practices of the local population." Agroforestry is a term that covers an enormous range of land uses at all scales of tenure and investment, ranging from subsistence to plantation farming, and from dozens of species to only two or three. Agroforestry usually involves multiple canopies, either in space or time, and more than one harvestable stratum. (author)}, keywords = {agriculture, agroforestry, Amazon River Watershed, land tenure, land use, natural resources}, isbn = {84-89206-13-9}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/16754729}, author = {Susanna B. Hecht}, editor = {Susanna B. Hecht} }