@article {432, title = {Sustainability}, volume = {13}, year = {1994}, note = {Entire issue}, month = {October 1994}, abstract = {

Contains the following articles:

}, keywords = {Brazil, deforestation, environmental utility space, ethnobotany, Indonesia, international development, medicinal plants, rainforests, reforestation, tropical forests}, author = {BOS} } @article {742, title = {The economic potential of Mexican rain forests: An ethnoecological approach}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, abstract = {The research project has as its main objective to calculate the market value of all useful materials embodied in one hectare-plot of five sites containing tropical mature (1) and successional (4) forests of different ages, The samples will be carried out in three strategic regions of tropical Mexico ( La Chinantla, Oaxaca, Los Chimalapas, Oaxaca and La Lacandona, Chiapas), each one containing a different array of biological, social and cultural conditions. The analysis of each site will include the complete biological inventory as well as the identification of each useful and usable species of plant and animal.}, keywords = {rainforests, tropical forests}, author = {Victor M. Toledo} } @article {594, title = {Inga edulis: A tree for acid soils in the humid tropics}, journal = {NFT Highlights}, volume = {93-04}, year = {1993}, note = {A publication of the Forest, Farm, and Community Tree Network (FACT Net)}, month = {September 1993}, abstract = {A quick guide to useful nitrogen-fixing trees from around the world. Inga is a large genus of leguminous trees native to the American humid tropics. Inga edulis, the best known of the Inga species, is popular with agroforesters for its rapid growth, tolerance of acid soils and high production of leafy biomass to control weeds and erosion.}, keywords = {agroforestry, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, forest genetics, forestry, genetic resources, Inga, Panama, Peru, trees, tropical forests, tropical trees}, url = {https://www.winrock.org/factnet-a-lasting-impact/fact-sheets/inga-edulis-a-tree-for-acid-soils-in-the-humid-tropics/}, author = {Anna Lawrence} } @booklet {489, title = {Charter of the indigenous-tribal peoples of the tropical forests: Statement of the International Alliance of the Indigenous-Tribal Peoples of the Tropical Forests}, year = {1992}, month = {02/15/1992}, publisher = {International Alliance of the Indigenous-Tribal Peoples of the Tropical Forests}, abstract = {This document outlines the rights of indigenous peoples concerning: territory, decision-making, development policy, forest policy, biodiversity and conservation, intellectual property, research, institutions, and education.}, keywords = {biodiversity, tropical forests}, url = {http://theinternational-alliance.org/charter/}, author = {International Alliance of the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples of the Tropical Forests} } @book {310, title = {Conserving the world{\textquoteright}s biological diversity}, year = {1990}, note = {in conjunction with International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources; World Resources Institute; Conservation International; World Wildlife Fund (U.S.); World Bank}, month = {1990}, pages = {193}, publisher = {International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources; World Resources Institute; Conservation International; World Wildlife Fund-US; World Bank}, organization = {International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources; World Resources Institute; Conservation International; World Wildlife Fund-US; World Bank}, address = {Gland, Switzerland and Washington, DC}, abstract = {

The elements now exist that will reverse the trend toward the biotic impoverishment of the world. Novel approaches, new financial mechanisms, and new policies need to be applied at the appropriate level of responsibility to translate the new approaches into a reality of improved human well-being and secure biotic heritage. New partners in conservation need to be found, involving all ministries, departments and private institutions that are directly dependent on biological resources. National parks departments, for example should be joined in habitat management by a wide range of other institutions to represent all interests. Furthermore, other line agencies need to develop the capacity to manage biodiversity of particular relevance to their respective missions. Contains following sections:

}, keywords = {biodiversity, conservation, development, natural resource management, policy, rainforests, sustainability, tropical forests}, isbn = {0-8213-1384-3, 0-915824-42-2}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21193600}, author = {Jeffrey A. McNeely and Kenton R. Miller and Walter V. Reid and Russell A. Mittermeier and Timothy B. Werner} } @inbook {884, title = {Indigenous soil management in the Amazon basin: Some implications for development}, booktitle = {Fragile lands of Latin America: Strategies for sustainable development}, series = {Westview Special Studies in Social, Political, and Economic Development}, year = {1989}, note = {Chapter 11}, month = {1989}, pages = {166-181}, publisher = {Westview Press}, organization = {Westview Press}, address = {Boulder, CO}, abstract = {This paper focuses on two main issues. First, it discusses the indigenous versus modernization approaches to soil resource management in Amazonian research and development strategies. The production systems of the Kayap{\'o} Indians of southern Para state are compared with those that inform current regional agricultural programs. While indigenous systems are complex, the principles that underlie them are not. Native land management models could be adapted by development planning agencies in a fuller way. Second, the outcomes of Kayap{\'o} and conventional colonist and livestock systems are compared in terms of soil fertility and yields. (author)}, keywords = {American Indians, deforestation, Kayapo, local knowledge, Native Americans, nutrition, pasture, Peru, rainforests, soil degradation, South America, tropical forests, Yurimaguas}, isbn = {0-8133-7705-6; 978-0-8133-7705-6}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18351601}, author = {Susanna B. Hecht}, editor = {John O. Browder} } @book {372, title = {People of the tropical rain forest}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {231}, publisher = {University of California Press}, organization = {University of California Press}, address = {Berkeley, CA}, abstract = {A compilation of writings some of which are incomplete. Beginning with chapter five this is an incomplete book about the specific people of the rain forest. It starts with the Indian National Resource management, Hill People of Northern Thailand, Hunters and Farmers of the African Forest, and people of the floodplain and forest. Not only does this excerpt discuss the Indians of Amazonia, but also discusses the regions. It also discusses the way each of the tribes make their living and how they use the resources around them. The last thing the chapter talks of is the ribere{\~n}os{\textquoteright} lives beyond the village. The excerpt includes many pictures and a few graphs.}, keywords = {Amazon, boats, Brazil, canoes, Central America, fallow, Native Americans, rainforests, slash and burn, smallholders, South America, swiddens, tribal peoples, tropical forests}, isbn = {0-520-06295-7; 0-520-06351-1}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/59892476}, editor = {Julie Sloan Denslow and Christine Padoch} } @inbook {930, title = {Tropical dry forests: The most endangered major tropical ecosystem}, booktitle = {Biodiversity}, year = {1988}, note = {Chapter 14}, month = {1988}, pages = {130-137}, publisher = {National Academy Press}, organization = {National Academy Press}, address = {Washington, DC}, abstract = {The most threatened of major tropical forest types is the tropical dry forest. They are threatened for many different reasons. The expensive land that is generally used for agricultural production is clear cut. This does very serious damage to the anticipated restoration of the site by conservationists who are working to stop the sellers. These sellers have much influence in local politics and will hold these positions well into the future. Fortunately, much of this cleared land could be properly restored if the proper seed sources are present. Properly manipulated, domestic animals may be our best hope in combatting the ever present threat of fire. These animals help to disperse seeds into the pastures and graze off of the grasses that would provide the fuel for the next dry season{\textquoteright}s grass fires. Restoration ecology is working to preserve these forests and maintain their rich biodiversity. The real well-being will rest in the hands of the policy makers.}, keywords = {biodiversity, dry forests, tropical forests}, isbn = {0-309-03783-2; 978-0-309=03783-9}, url = {http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=989\&page=130}, author = {Daniel H. Janzen}, editor = {E. O. Wilson and Frances M. Peter} } @article {840, title = {The implications of farming systems analysis for land titling in the area of Quimistan, Santa Barbara, Honduras}, year = {1986}, note = {CIKARD copy is a draft}, month = {January 1986}, institution = {Institute for Environmental Studies, Land Tenure Center}, address = {University of Wisconsin-Madison}, abstract = {

This document summarizes a farming systems analysis carried out in the region of Quimistan, Department of Santa Barbara, Honduras, during January 1986. The work was done as a part of the Land Tenure Center\&$\#$39;s evaluation of the Honduran Land Titling Project. Our objectives were to characterize the agricultural systems and land use practices in the area, to identify problems and constraints related to land use, and to assess actual and potential impacts of the land titling project on agriculture in the region. The study is comprised of two parts:

  1. an agro-ecological characterization of the zone and
  2. detailed case studies of eight farming systems.
}, keywords = {agroforestry, crop rotation, fallow, fertilizer, firewood, fuelwood, herbicide, land tenure, manure, peasant community, pesticides, shifting cultivation, slash and burn, trees, tropical forests}, author = {Becky J. Brown and Alexander Coles} } @article {592, title = {Indigenous management of tropical forest ecosystems: The case of the Kayap{\'o} Indians of the Brazilian Amazon}, journal = {Agroforestry Systems}, volume = {3}, year = {1985}, month = {June 1985}, pages = {139-158}, abstract = {

The Kayap{\'o} Indians of Brazil\&$\#$39;s Amazon Basin are described as effective managers of tropical forest, utilizing an extensive inventory of useful native plants that are concertrated by human activity in special forest areas (resource islands, forest fields, forest openings, tuber gardens, agricultural plots, old fields, and trailsides). Long-term transplanting and selection of plants suggest semi-domestication of many species. The overall management strategies of forest also includes many manipulated animal species (birds, fish, bees, mammals) utilized as food and game. Forest patches (ap{\^e}t{\^e}) are created by Indians from campo/cerrado using planting zones made from termite and ants nests mized with mulch: formation and development of these is briefly discussed, including the implementations for new ideas concerning reforestation and campo management. Finally an intergrative cognitive model is presented showing the relationships between variants of forest and savanna recognized by the Kayap{\'o}. Indigenous knowledge of subtle similarities between conceptually distinct ecological units in the model allows for the interchange of botanical material between microclimates to increase biological diversity in managed areas. It is suggested that indigenous knowledge is extremely important in development of new strategies for forest and campo/cerrado conservation, while improving productiveness of these ecological systems. Such knowledge is not only applicable for Amaz{\^o}nian Indians, but also has far-reaching implications for human populations throughout the humid tropics.

}, keywords = {Amazon Basin, cognitive model, forest patch, horticulture, indigenous knowledge, tropical forests}, doi = {10.1007/BF00122640}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00122640}, author = {Darrell Addison Posey} } @article {529, title = {Change and indigenous agroforestry in East Kalimantan [Part II]}, journal = {Borneo Research Bulletin}, volume = {15}, year = {1983}, note = {Part I in Borneo Research Bulletin, 1983 15(1)
CIKARD 91-01903}, month = {September 1983}, pages = {70-87}, abstract = {

This section is essentially an account of the differences that result when the third element, commerce, is introduced. To understand the changes and their impacts, we must first examine the system by which goods and food are produced and aquired in Long Ampung, in the virtual absence of commerce. The crux or core of the economic system is a form of agroforestry composed of at least two important components:

  1. a ricefield and its gradual transition back to (and including) primary forest, and
  2. a number of special purpose plots that for one reason or another do not appear to be involved in the \"normal\" forest succession process. (author)
}, keywords = {Apo Kayan, cash cropping, commercialism, gardening, lumber, marketing, primary forest, rainforests, rice, secondary forest, shopkeeping, tropical forests}, url = {http://www.borneoresearchcouncil.org/BRB\%20PDF\%20scans/BRB_1983_15_02.pdf}, author = {Carol J. Pierce Colfer} } @article {713, title = {Tropical forest architectural analysis as applied to agroforests in the humid tropics: The example of traditional village-agroforests in West Java}, journal = {Agroforestry Systems}, volume = {1}, year = {1983}, note = {Online version is a shortened and revised version of Bompard J, Ducatillion C, Hecketsweiler P Michon G, (1980) A traditional agricultural system: Village-forest-gardens in West Java. University Sc. Montpellier, France. Rapp. DEA. 101 p. + annex.}, month = {June 1983}, pages = {117-129}, abstract = {

The features of the tropical forest are found in Sundanese village-gardens. They are rich in plant species, a layered structure of the vegetation, existing patchwork and succession of sylvigenetic phases (from pioneer to homeostatic phase). These traditional agroforests reflect the surrounding forest ecosystem, simplifying the features.

The architectural method of tropical forest analysis is applied to Sundanese agroforests, but here each plant is both a structural element of the ecosystem and a producing element of the agricultural landscape. Such structural analysis could represent one aspect of an integral analysis of complex agroforestry systems.

}, keywords = {architectural analysis, Java, traditional agroforestry, tropical forests}, doi = {10.1007/BF00596353}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00596353}, author = {G. Michon and J. Bompard and P. Hecketsweiler and C. Ducatillion} } @article {523, title = {Bora Indian agroforestry: An alternative to deforestation}, journal = {Cultural Survival Quarterly Magazine}, volume = {6}, year = {1982}, month = {June 1982}, pages = {15-16}, abstract = {

Native cultivators in the Amazon have developed efficient and ecologically sound methods for making the tropical forest yield useful products. Their principal form of agriculture - shifting cultivation [swidden agriculture] - has evolved into a system of land management with features worthy of careful study. (author)

This document looks at how shifting cultivation is linked to agroforestry - another kind of system of land use which is currently recommended for the tropics. It also describes the methods the researchers used to collect data on a Bora swidden field.

}, keywords = {Amazon, Bora, deforestation, ecology, land management, methodology, Peru, tropical forests}, url = {http://www.culturalsurvival.org/ourpublications/csq/article/bora-indian-agroforestry-an-alternative-deforestation}, author = {John M. Treacy} } @article {682, title = {The evolutionary potential of Lacandon Maya sustained-yield tropical forest agriculture}, journal = {Journal of Anthropological Research}, volume = {36}, year = {1980}, month = {Spring 1980}, pages = {1-30}, abstract = {As centuries-long residents of the southern Maya lowlands, the Lacandon Maya of Chiapas, Mexico, have developed and preserved ecologically sound strategies for sustained-yield food production in the tropical forest biome. Their traditional system of agriculture and food extraction emphasizes successful exploitation of the rain forest environment in a manner compatible with forest regeneration and preservation. The authors describe the Lacandon systems of agricultural production, wildlife management, and forest maintenance, then explore the potential these strategies hold for investigation of ancient Maya food production systems and the development of modern resource utilization schemes in the humid tropics.}, keywords = {Maya, Mexico, Milpas, montane forests, old growth forests, fruits, corn, rainforests, sustainable agriculture, tropical forests}, doi = {10.1086/jar.36.1.3629550}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3629550}, author = {James D. Nations and Ronald B. Nigh} } @article {552, title = {El manejo de las selvas por los Mayas: Sus implicaciones silv{\'\i}colas y agr{\'\i}colas}, journal = {Bi{\'o}tica}, volume = {2}, year = {1977}, month = {1977}, pages = {47-61}, abstract = {

The Maya culture is one of the very few outstanding cultures that flourished in a tropical rain forest area. Their land use strategies, as a part of the great Middle America civilization, for agriculture, horticulture and forestry remain up to date scattered among the Maya communities that have conserved their Indian heritage. They are based in a diversity of crops and land uses that are adopted to the different climatic regions of the Maya area. They used the space in the past in a magnificent way using horizontal and vertical strategies. They had channels, terraces and drained fields for intensive agriculture. They used shifting agriculture in soils where no other alternative seemed to be better. They used their wild plant resources and developed forest practices to enrich their forest with desirable species composition. The present floristic composition of many rain forests of the Maya area is a result of ancient silviculture practices. All of these practices were part of a single land use strategy. For these reasons we cannot blame the fall of the Maya culture to an \"ecological collapse\" as has been proposed.

We feel that the answer can be found in economic, political and social reasons. There is a lot to learn from the Mayans to solve some of the present day problems for the management of biotic resources of the tropics. (author)

}, keywords = {ecology, fallow, Mexico, Native Americans, tropical forests}, url = {http://www.reservaeleden.org/agp/libro/lec/Cap23_manejo_selvas.pdf}, author = {A. Barrera and A. Gomez-Pompa and C. Vazquez-Yans} } @article {613, title = {Maintenance of agriculture and human habitats within the tropical forest ecosystem}, journal = {Human Ecology}, volume = {4}, year = {1976}, month = {July 1976}, pages = {247-259}, abstract = {The tactics of shifting cultivation are reviewed with particular reference given to techniques of forest regeneration. The desirability of a forest-fallow system of agriculture is explained. Also discussed are the causes, indicators, and consequences of a breakdown of forest-fallow cultivation. In conclusion, the future of tropical forests for agriculture and habitats for man is considered (author).}, keywords = {shifting cultivation, tropical agriculture, tropical forests}, doi = {10.1007/BF01534289}, author = {William C. Clarke} } @article {700, title = {The tropical rain forest}, journal = {Scientific American}, volume = {229}, year = {1973}, month = {December 1973}, pages = {58-67}, abstract = {

This paper addresses the scarcity of nutrients. This effects the food crops, rainforest, and the rest if the ecosystem. The recycling of the minerals is very rapid. Fungi and the decomposition of rocks help in adding nutrients to the ground. The primary rainforest is surviving, but barely.

The idea of a substitute or secondary forest is what is to replace the primary forest. These are phases to the growth of the secondary forest. These are grasses, including herbaceous dicotyledons, vines, shrubs, etc. Next is trees, soft-wooded, fast-growing, and short lived. After that is a cycle, the primary forest begins to form. In order for the primary forest to take shape, the secondary forest must be undistributed.

}, keywords = {Amazon, Borneo, homeostatic mechanisms, mineral-transport system, rainforests, swiddens, tropical forests}, doi = {10.1038/scientificamerican1273-58}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1273-58}, author = {Paul W. Richards} }