@article {503, title = {Adapting forestry institutions to encourage people{\textquoteright}s participation in Senegal}, journal = {Unasylva (FAO)}, volume = {45}, year = {1994}, month = {March 1994}, pages = {3-10}, abstract = {Forestry issues, and especially desertification control, are now at the heart of the environmental debate in Senegal. This is therefore an appropriate moment to examine the process that has led to the present official commitment to people{\textquoteright}s participation in the rational management of Senegal{\textquoteright}s forestry resources which, it is increasingly acknowledged, have major production and protection implications for the future.}, keywords = {agroforestry, farmer participatory research}, url = {http://www.fao.org/docrep/t3350e/t3350e03.htm$\#$adapting\%20forestry\%20institutions\%20to\%20encourage\%20people\%27s\%20participation\%20in\%20senegal}, author = {Ibrahima Gu{\`e}ye and Abdoulaye Kan{\'e} and Oumy Ndlaye Kon{\'e}} } @article {740, title = {Research-client linkages: The role of NGOs in agroforestry/natural resource management technology \& transfer}, year = {1990}, note = {AFNETA-IITA invited paper.}, month = {October 1990}, publisher = {Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development}, address = {Little Rock, AR}, abstract = {An overview of the topic is given, followed by an analysis of comparative advantages of NGO/research entity linkages. What can be gained by each of the three sets of actors -- NGOs, research entities, and clients of the research -- is briefly discussed. Based on the appended three case studies of Winrock projects, a comparative analysis and matrix are developed. Finally, recommendations for future action are given. Examples throughout the text are drawn primarily, though not exclusively, from Winrock projects.}, keywords = {farmer participatory research, on-farm research}, author = {Diana de Treville} } @article {835, title = {The Agroforestry Outreach Project in Haiti: A case study for project design}, year = {1989}, month = {March 1989}, institution = {Pan American Development Foundation}, address = {Washington, DC}, abstract = {

FAO Workshop on Planning Self-Help Fuelwood Projects

The Haiti Agroforestry Outreach Project (AOP), designed and primarily funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), provides tree seedlings to peasants to plant on their farms. The Agroforestry Outreach Project (APO) is implemented entirely through non-governmental organizations (NGOs). This case study begins with a discussion of how the AOP was designed and a description of the project\&$\#$39;s activities, including changes made after the project began. The motives of Haitian peasants for participating in the project are then discussed, with an emphasis on the economic viability ot tree cropping. The sustainability and replicability of the project are analyzed. The case study concludes with a series of questions for workshop participants to consider. (author)

}, keywords = {CARE (Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere), farmer participatory research, fuelwood, Operation Double Harvest, Pan American Development Foundation (PADF)}, author = {Frederick J. Conway} } @article {827, title = {Los agricultores de Yurimaguas: Uso de la tierra y estrategias de cultivo en la selva peruana}, year = {1989}, note = {includes photographs, diagrams, maps, bibliography}, month = {[1989]}, institution = {Lima, Peru}, address = {Centro de Investigaci{\'o}n y Promoci{\'o}n Amaz{\'o}nica}, abstract = {

(trans.) The Farmers of Yurimaguas: Land Use and Cultivation Strategies in the Peruvian Jungle

This book is the result of a study conducted by the Center for Amazonian Promotion and Investigation. The book contains nine chapters examining traditional agricultural practices and rural domestic farms. The study is based on a perspective recently developed by agriculturists which is farmer-oriented instead of the traditional western development model. The principal objectives in the book are understanding the complex system of subsistence agriculture and the cultivation of commercial products in the Yurimaguas area. The book consists of an in-depth look at the results of the study conducted in the Yurimaguas. Some important areas of the study are the work force, ethnoecology, crops (such as rice, yucca, plantain and bananas, corn, beans, peanuts, sugar cane, pineapple, and sweet potatoes). The authors stress the importance of indigenous technology and emphasize the methods in which the peasants of Yurimaguas have regained their traditional techniques.

}, keywords = {Amazon, bananas, beans, corn, crops, ethnoecology, farmer participatory research, peanuts, peasants, pineapple, plantains, rice, sugar cane, sweet potatoes, technology, work force, yucca, Yurimaguas}, author = {Pedro Bidegaray and Robert E. Rhoades} } @book {301, title = {Case studies of farm forestry and wasteland development in Gujarat, India}, year = {1988}, month = {1989}, pages = {62 pp.}, publisher = {Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}, organization = {Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}, address = {Bangkok, Thailand}, abstract = {This paper discusses the costs and benefits of farm forestry from the standpoint of its practitioners. It also examines the adoption of farm forestry by both large and small-scale farmers and by landless agricultural laborers including marginal farmers owning unproductive land.}, keywords = {agroforestry, farmer participatory research, India}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19318376}, author = {Kathleen Rorison} } @book {337, title = {Glossary of selected terms in sustainable agriculture}, series = {Gatekeeper Series no. SA6}, year = {1988}, month = {August 1988}, pages = {19}, publisher = {International Institute for Environment and Development, Sustainable Agriculture Programme}, organization = {International Institute for Environment and Development, Sustainable Agriculture Programme}, address = {London; Washington, DC}, abstract = {A glossary of selected terms in sustainable agriculture}, keywords = {agroecological zoning, agroecosystem zoning, agroecosystems, agroforestry, alley cropping, appropriate technology and intermediate technology, bioenergy, biomass, carrying capacity, cash crops, common property resources, community forestry, conservation farming, desertification, export crops, farmer participatory research, farming systems research , food crops, genetic preservation, integrated pest management, integrated rural development, land degradation, minimum tillage, multiple cropping, multipurpose trees, open access resources, pastoralism, range management, rapid rural appraisal, regenerative farming, remote sensing, share cropping, shifting cultivation, social forestry, subsistence agriculture, sustainable development, tragedy of the commons, transhumance}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19531919}, author = {Jennifer A. McCracken and Jules N. Pretty} } @book {416, title = {We eat trees: Tree planting and land rehabilitation in West Pokot District, Kenya: a baseline study (Working Paper)}, series = {Forest, Trees and People Working Paper np. 82}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {123}, publisher = {Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, International Rural Development Centre}, organization = {Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, International Rural Development Centre}, address = {Uppsala [Sweden]}, abstract = {During early discussion with the management of the VI Tree Planting Project, it appeared to the author that there were three lodestars to guide the project{\textquoteright}s activities. First, by enclosing waste lands and planting trees in the semi-arid parts of West Pokot district, a rapid improvement of the environment is brought about. Grass invades the enclosed areas, soil erosion is arrested, and the productivity of the land is improved. This impresses the farmers of the area, who become interested in land rehabilitation. Secondly, in the higher potential areas of West Pokot district and in Trans Nzoia district, the project concentrates on producing and distributing seedlings of rapidly growing leguminous species. These will improve soil fertility and provide fuelwood in these densely populated and treeless areas. Thirdly, through cooperation with the many women groups on the settlement schemes in Trans Nzoia, the project hopes to reach a large number of families and encourage them to plant trees. (author)}, keywords = {afforestation, agroforestry, erosion, extension, farmer participatory research, fodder, fuelwood, grazing, herding, Kenya, land use, livestock, pastoralism, reclamation of land, reforestation, soil conservation, subsistence agriculture, tree planting, women}, isbn = {978-91-576-3510-5}, issn = {0280-4301}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/610964356}, author = {Wilhelm {\"O}stberg and Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, Uppsala (Sweden) and International Rural Development Centre} } @book {377, title = {Planning self-help forestry projects in Asia}, year = {1987}, note = {Based on the Workshop on Planning Self-Help Fuelwood Projects in Asia 1987 February 2-13 Chiang Mai and Khon Kaen, Thailand}, month = {[1987?]}, pages = {84}, publisher = {Swedish International Development Authority and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}, organization = {Swedish International Development Authority and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}, address = {[Rome]; [unidentified]}, abstract = {The purpose of the Workshop was to introduce participants to concepts and methods of self-help forestry planning. The Workshop content was primarily developed through the process of participatory learning, relying heavily on direct inputs and involvement by the participants and less on formal papers. A great deal of time was spent on field trips and group discussions, covering both the field exercises and the participants{\textquoteright} analyses of their own countries{\textquoteright} conditions. This report is designed both to review theoretical concepts and to provide practical guidelines to facilitate self-help forestry planning. The report reflects the stated emphasis of the Self-Help Workshop, which covers three main points: 1) the role of trees in farming systems, with particular emphasis on indigenous knowledge and traditional resource management in Asia; 2) the importance of local participation; factors affecting participation, and means of facilitating participation; and 3) the integrated approach to project planning which addresses the needs, attitudes and constraints of the local population.}, keywords = {agroforestry, farmer participatory research, fuelwood, on-farm research, tree planting}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19318420}, author = {SIDA (Swedish International Development Authority/Styrelsen f{\"o}r internationell utveckling) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)} } @inbook {926, title = {The user perspective and the agroforestry research and action agenda}, booktitle = {Agroforestry: Realities, possibilities and potentials}, year = {1987}, note = {Chapter 6}, month = {July 26-31,1987}, pages = {59-87}, publisher = {Martin Nijhoff Publishers in cooperation with ICRAF, distributors for the U.S. and Canada, Kluwer Academic Publishers.}, organization = {Martin Nijhoff Publishers in cooperation with ICRAF, distributors for the U.S. and Canada, Kluwer Academic Publishers.}, address = {Dordrecht, Netherlands}, abstract = {

This paper focuses on the user perspective and the agroforestry research and action agenda. The main points are that tapping farmer expertise and experience can provide information and judgment and \"successful\" technologies can often have a negative effect on specific groups. (author)

This document looks at why there is a need for a user perspective in tropical research and development, especially for agroforestry projects. It also looks at what agroforestry is used for and for whom is serves. The design and practice in rural areas where the landscape presents a challenge to agroforestry is looked at. Indigenous knowledge and agroforestry is discussed along with the four foci of a user perspective in agroforestry. It provides the agroforestry research and action agenda and it answers the question of: How can institutions develop and apply a user perspective for projects?

}, keywords = {farmer participatory research, on-farm research, participatory research, watersheds, women}, isbn = {90-247-3590-4}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/16352684}, author = {Dianne E. Rocheleau}, editor = {Henry L. Gholz} } @book {419, title = {Women and community forestry in Sudan}, year = {1986}, month = {[1986?]}, pages = {28}, publisher = {Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}, organization = {Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}, address = {[Rome]}, abstract = {Eighty percent of Sudan{\textquoteright}s population relies on trees to meet energy needs. High demands for firewood has led to the disappearance of about one-third of Sudan{\textquoteright}s forests. Reforestation has become a high priority with one goal hoping to convert wood consumers into tree producers. Special programs have been implemented to inform villagers about the need for trees and their capability to grow trees. Special women{\textquoteright}s committees are formed, and with the help of female extensionists, women begin small nurseries in the village or even in their own homes. Tree planting allows to plan for the future in order to meet the growing demand and to slow the effects of desert encroachment.}, keywords = {agroforestry, arid region, desertification, farmer participatory research, fuelwood, Sahel}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/34367596}, author = {Caroline Webb} }