@book {354, title = {Intellectual property rights for indigenous peoples: A sourcebook}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, publisher = {Society for Applied Anthropology}, organization = {Society for Applied Anthropology}, address = {Oklahoma City, OK}, abstract = {

Contains following papers:

}, keywords = {developing countries, ethnobotany, ethnopharmacology, indigenous peoples, intellectual property, Western hemisphere}, isbn = {978-0-9642023-0-6; 0-9642023-0-1}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/224715051}, editor = {Thomas C. Greaves} } @conference {760, title = {Conservation of medicinal plant biodiversity in Nepal}, booktitle = {Paper presented at Pithecanthropus Centennial "Human Evolution in Its Ecological Context", June 26 - July 1, 1993, Leiden, The Netherlands}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, address = {Leiden, The Netherlands}, abstract = {

Plant resources have long been used for a variety of purposes by the rural population in Nepal where varied climate and topography have marked impact in variation of biodiversity. Medicinal plants have an important role in rural economy and its primary health care. The excess collection of plants by the villagers as well as other human activities have left the natural habitat unable to regenerate.

It is aimed to determine the uses, exploitation, the rural concept about the forest, impact in the surrounding ecosystems and their related parameters of the endangered medicinal plants. It is a field-based ethnobotanical study and so the local problems and needs can be identified to help generate peoples\&$\#$39; participation in conservation of natural resources and the environment as well.

The study will identify the drawbacks and possible solutions suitable for local environment. Thus, it will serve the purpose of bridging between the national plan makers and the local inhabitants. (author)

}, keywords = {ethnobotany, ethnopharmacology, traditional medicine}, author = {Narayan P. Manandhar} } @inbook {906, title = {Pharmaceutical discovery, ethnobotany, tropical forests and reciprocity: Integrating indigenous knowledge, conservation and sustainable development}, booktitle = {Sustainable harvest and marketing of rain forest products}, year = {1992}, note = {

General Note: Proceedings of a meeting sponsored by Conservation International and the Asociaci{\'o}n Nacional para la Conservaci{\'o}n de la Naturaleza, held in Panama City on June 20-21, 1991
Bibliography note: Includes bibliographical references and index
Book title submitted as Sustainable Harvest of the Rainforest in original bibliography; Chapter 26 in Sustainable Harvest and Marketing of Rain Forest Products

}, month = {July 1992}, pages = {231-238 [1-12]}, publisher = {Island Press}, organization = {Island Press}, address = {Washington, DC and Covelo, CA}, abstract = {This is an incomplete paper that details the works and goals of Shaman Pharmaceuticals. They are trying to discover ways to develop antifungal, antiviral, and sedative drugs from the same type of plants. They are combining the methods of ethnobotany, chemistry, and pharmacology. Also, they are trying to come up with a better way to screen and test these drugs. The combination of ethnobotanists and medical personnel show the coming together of the two pieces of a scientific puzzle. The company has created The Healing Forest Conservancy, a non-profit organization to share the responsibilities of the development of plant biodiversity.}, keywords = {Conservation International, Asociaci{\'o}n Nacional para la Conservaci{\'o}n de la Naturaleza, ethnobotany, ethnopharmacology, medicinal plants, rainforests, traditional medicine}, isbn = {1-55963-168-6; 978-1-55963-168-6}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/231440749}, author = {Steven R. King}, editor = {Mark J. Plotkin and Lisa Famolare} } @book {391, title = {Sustainable harvest and marketing of rain forest products}, year = {1992}, note = {CIKARD copy: 4 page table of contents from the book}, month = {July 1992}, pages = {xv, 325 pages}, publisher = {Island Press}, organization = {Island Press}, address = {Washington, DC and Covelo, CA}, keywords = {ethnopharmacology, medicinal plants, rainforests, traditional medicine}, isbn = {1-55963-169-4}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/24952705}, editor = {Mark J. Plotkin and Lisa Famolare} } @article {619, title = {Medicine from plants}, journal = {Science}, volume = {247}, year = {1990}, month = {February 2, 1990}, pages = {513}, abstract = {Basically, this article just discusses the usefulness of plants as medicine. It goes on the objective that the National Cancer Institute has created a superior technique for screening plants for useful medicinal properties. Some of the economic aspects of the medicinal plant industry are discussed. Lastly, it discusses the number of plants that have been tested as opposed to the number of plants in existence. It states that many have come from tropical forests, especially rainforests, and at the rate that they are being destroyed we may lose valuable plants before we have a chance to test them.}, keywords = {ethnobotany, ethnopharmacology, medicinal plants}, doi = {10.1126/science.2300807}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2873781}, author = {Philip H. Abelson} } @article {842, title = {The use of marine organisms in folk medicine and horticulture: A preliminary study}, year = {1990}, month = {February 1990}, institution = {Seaweed Information Center (SICEN), University of the Philippines}, address = {Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines}, abstract = {This paper reports briefly on the use of marine organisms in folk medicine and horticulture among the coastal people of northern Mindanao and the Visayan Islands of Bohol, Cebu, and Negros in central Philippines. This island group seemed to us a good starting point for what could eventually be a broad and in-depth study of this subject. For one thing, the common folk medicinal and horticultural practices in these areas are, for the most part, based on efficacious use of marine plants and animals. For another, the people on these islands are linked by a common dialect that is spoken by two of us, a distinct advantage that precluded the need for translation during interveiws with local folks. (author)}, keywords = {ethnobotany, ethnopharmacology, medicinal plants, taxonomy}, author = {P. M. Alino and G. J. B. Cajipe and E.T. Ganzon-Fortes and W. R. Y. Licuanan and N. E. Montano and L. M. Tupas} } @article {812, title = {African traditional ecological knowledge: A preliminary investigation of indigenous or traditional ecological knowledge and associated sustainable management practices in Africa and relevance to CIDA{\textquoteright}s environmental policy}, year = {1986}, note = {Includes a letter from lalonde to Gerard McKiernan dated May 1991. This may be the outline for a book chapter in "Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Concepts and Cases" edited by Julian T. Inglis.}, month = {1986}, institution = {Canadian International Development Agency}, address = {Wakefield, Quebec}, abstract = {

The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), reviewed and synthesized wide ranging literature on \"alternative\" systems of African indigenous peoples\&$\#$39; traditional ecological knowledge (TEK), as revealed by indigenous land-use and renewable resource management practices. International involvement in this area by the UN, the World Bank, and various NGO\&$\#$39;s (IUCN, IIED, etc.), was also investigated to help identify the present scope or practical interest of TEK and possible future directions.

Main traditional livelihoods and land-use practices which sustainably exploit the ecosystem include sedentary and shifting agriculture, nomadic pastoralism, hunting, fishing, food gathering, rainforest use and limited agro-forestry for food, materials and medicines, etc. This is demonstrated, where possible with case-studies involving the following regions of African tribal groups: Kenya - Maasai; Tanzania - Pare; Zaramo, Luguru; Niger - Fulani; and the San of the Kalahari, etc. The report also investigated the nature or ambiguity between indigenous and post-colonial \"traditional\" practices of rural Africa and the constraints or challenges this poses to the current transmission and respect for TEK among indigenous Africans and development planners alike.

}, keywords = {Africa, agroforestry, Canada, deforestation, desertification, education, ethnoconservation, ethnopharmacology}, author = {Andre Lalonde} }