@article {812, title = {African traditional ecological knowledge: A preliminary investigation of indigenous or traditional ecological knowledge and associated sustainable management practices in Africa and relevance to CIDA{\textquoteright}s environmental policy}, year = {1986}, note = {Includes a letter from lalonde to Gerard McKiernan dated May 1991. This may be the outline for a book chapter in "Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Concepts and Cases" edited by Julian T. Inglis.}, month = {1986}, institution = {Canadian International Development Agency}, address = {Wakefield, Quebec}, abstract = {

The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), reviewed and synthesized wide ranging literature on \"alternative\" systems of African indigenous peoples\&$\#$39; traditional ecological knowledge (TEK), as revealed by indigenous land-use and renewable resource management practices. International involvement in this area by the UN, the World Bank, and various NGO\&$\#$39;s (IUCN, IIED, etc.), was also investigated to help identify the present scope or practical interest of TEK and possible future directions.

Main traditional livelihoods and land-use practices which sustainably exploit the ecosystem include sedentary and shifting agriculture, nomadic pastoralism, hunting, fishing, food gathering, rainforest use and limited agro-forestry for food, materials and medicines, etc. This is demonstrated, where possible with case-studies involving the following regions of African tribal groups: Kenya - Maasai; Tanzania - Pare; Zaramo, Luguru; Niger - Fulani; and the San of the Kalahari, etc. The report also investigated the nature or ambiguity between indigenous and post-colonial \"traditional\" practices of rural Africa and the constraints or challenges this poses to the current transmission and respect for TEK among indigenous Africans and development planners alike.

}, keywords = {Africa, agroforestry, Canada, deforestation, desertification, education, ethnoconservation, ethnopharmacology}, author = {Andre Lalonde} } @inbook {870, title = {Experience with individual species}, booktitle = {Tree planting practices in African savannas}, series = {Forestry Development Paper no. 19}, year = {1974}, note = {Chapter 7}, month = {1974}, pages = {42-44}, publisher = {Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [sold by Unipub]}, organization = {Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [sold by Unipub]}, address = {Rome; New York}, abstract = {

This excerpt deals with specific native trees that can be found in the subdesert zones and their traditional environmental value. The specific species discussed are: Acacia albia, Acacia nilotica, Acacia senegal, Azadicachta indica and Conocarpus lancifolius. All, except for the Acacia senegal, rely on extraneous water supplies for adequate growth. The Acacia senegal relies on rainfall alone for its moisture.

Uses of these trees vary from conservers of soil to economic sources. One example of this is the Acacia albia, it is used mainly for fodder and refertilization of the soil. The Acacia nilotica is the most important species in the Sudan, because of is drought resistance. Gum extraction and fuel use are the economic functions of the Acacia senegal. This is one of the only trees that can be grown for economic purposes in subdesert zones. Each one fulfills a specific purpose in the Sahel.

}, keywords = {Acacia albida, Acacia nilotica, Acacia senegal, Africa, agroforestry, Azadirachta indica, Conacarpus lancifolius, economics, ethnoconservation, planting}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2931603}, author = {Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)} }