@book {398, title = {The cultural dimension of development: Indigenous knowledge systems}, series = {IT Studies in Indigenous Knowledge and Development Series}, year = {1995}, note = {

Wim H.J.C. Dechering, Technical Editor

}, month = {December 1995}, pages = {xviii, 582 pp.}, publisher = {Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd [Practical Action Publishing]}, organization = {Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd [Practical Action Publishing]}, address = {London}, abstract = {This book presents evidence from many countries and sources of the validity and usefulness of indigenous knowledge in the success of development projects. Part I consists of chapters with a focus on indigenous knowledge systems including: Ethnobotanical knowledge systems, Taman Obat Keluarga: Indigenous Indonesian medicine, Neem in Niger, The Lari Soils project in Peru, indigenous soil classificaton in Northern Zambia, Agroforestry in the Central Hills of Nepal, indigenous communication, and International rice research. The chapters in Part II show how indigenous knowledge is used in decision making: Raised Beds and Plant Disease Management, Famine relief in the Horn of Africa, Gender and socioeconomic status in the Philippines as a reflection of decision making in agriculture, Forest Gardens of Highland Sri Lanka, Indigenous decision-making in American agriculture, Indigenous Taxonomies and decision-making of Rice Farmers in South India, Crop Varietal Selection, and Patterns of medical choice among working-class families of Oaxaca, Mexico. Part III focuses on the role that indigenous organizations play in the decision making process in the following examples: Community Forestry Management in Nepal, Natural Resource Management among Pastoralists of Arid and Semi-arid Africa, Balinese Water Temples, Kpelle Farming, and the Niger River Fisheries project. Part IV deals with indigenous experimentation and innovation including: Indigenous horticultural approaches in tropical regions, Farmer Know-how and Communicaton for Technology Transfer in Niger, Duck Farming in Indonesia, Technology off the farm, Design of on- farm experiments in the Philippines, Soil and Water Conservation in Djenne, Mali, Kpelle steelmaking, and Protection of the Agricultural Environment in Eastern Africa. The chapters in Part V describe how different development institutions such as: CIKARD, LEAD, CIRAN, IUCN, IIED, ILEIA, CLADES, UNESCO, NISER, and REPPIKA, are using indigenous knowledge to facilitate the development process. Part VI consists of bibliographical essays on the attention given to indigenous knowledge in the literature of the past decade in the areas of agriculture and rural development and resource management.}, keywords = {Africa, agroforestry, Bali, ethnobotany, ethnoveterinary medicine, Horn of Africa, India, indigenous decision-making systems, indigenous development, indigenous experimentation, indigenous knowledge, indigenous organizations, Indonesia, Kpelle, Mali, Mexico, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Peru, Philippines, Sudan, Zambia}, isbn = {1-85339-264-2; 978-1-85339-251-1; eISBN 978-1-78044-473-4}, url = {https://www.worldcat.org/title/257046951}, editor = {D. Michael Warren and L. Jan Slikkerveer and David Brokensha} } @book {405, title = {The wealth of communities: Stories of success in local environmental management}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {213}, publisher = {Kumarian Press}, organization = {Kumarian Press}, address = {West Hartford, CT}, abstract = {So much written about the environment conveys unremitting doom and the sense that time is running out. The problems, are, indeed, serious, yet there are grounds for optimism, and communities all over the world are making intelligent use of the resources on which they depend. This book tells the stories of 10 such communities, from the Philippines to Poland, from Los Angeles to Zimbabwe, whether reviving depleted fisheries, finding novel ways of waste disposal, or controlling industrial pollution for their own needs while at the same time protecting the environment -- often in the face of hardship and opposition.}, keywords = {Calcutta, case studies, community organization, community participation, Costa Rica, developing countries, economic development, Ecuador, environmental aspects, environmental conditions, environmental management, environmental protection, human ecology, India, Krakow, Los Angeles, management, Mauritania, natural resources, Nepal, Philippines, sustainable development, Uganda, United States, Zimbabwe}, isbn = {978-1-56549-038-3}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/30567089}, author = {Charlie Pye-Smith} } @inbook {893, title = {Local organizations in community forestry}, booktitle = {Local organizations in community forestry extension in Asia}, series = {Field document no. 34}, year = {1992}, note = {Regional Wood Energy Development Programme in Asia; Asia-Pacific Agroforestry Network}, month = {1992}, publisher = {Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)}, organization = {Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)}, address = {Bangkok, Thailand}, abstract = {

This paper examines the nature and potential of local organizations in community forestry, with the following questions in mind:

  1. What types of local organizations are appropriate for community forestry in particular situations, and
  2. What makes some local organizations effective?
}, keywords = {agroforestry, Asia, forestry, forestry extension, Nepal}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36405987}, author = {R. J. Fisher}, editor = {Cor Veer and Jim Chamberlain} } @book {355, title = {Joint management for forest lands: Experiences from South Asia}, year = {1990}, month = {January 1990}, pages = {49}, publisher = {Ford Foundation}, organization = {Ford Foundation}, address = {New Delhi, India}, abstract = {This paper briefly examines three regions within South Asia where poor land management is causing environmental degradation and social and economic problems for rural communities. Within each setting, an example is given of a government agency which is attempting to improve land management through partnerships with community groups. The experiences of each program are discussed and assesed in terms of the productivity, equity, and sustainability of emerging joint management systems. The paper concludes by describing Foundation efforts to support forest agencies developing new approaches to participatory management. (author)}, keywords = {agroforestry, Bengal, common property, community forestry, India, land tenure, land use, Nepal, participatory research, social forestry}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/24551289}, author = {Mark Poffenberger} } @book {314, title = {Developing a partnership of indigenous peoples, conservationists, and land use planners in Latin America}, series = {Policy, planning, and research working papers -- Environment (WPS 245)}, year = {1989}, note = {See also: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/500811468776777817/pdf/multi-page.pdf}, month = {October 1989}, pages = {96}, publisher = {Latin America and the Caribbean Technical Dept., World Bank}, organization = {Latin America and the Caribbean Technical Dept., World Bank}, address = {Washington, DC}, abstract = {Policy, Planning, and Research Working Papers - Environment Recommendations for working in partnership with indigenous peoples, recognizing their land rights, incorporating their environmental knowledge into wildlands and native area planning, and paying more serious attention to the economics and resource implications of local activities to harvest wild resources - especially in environmentally delicate areas such as tropical rainforests. The major finding of the report is that a fundamental shift (a paradigm shift in the language of the historian of science Thomas Kuhn) has started in the way in which the international conservation community has come to view the issue of planning in areas which are occupied and used by indigenous peoples. Under the traditional paradigm, represented by several National Parks, wildlife reserves and other types of protected areas where indigenous peoples have aboriginal claims, indigenous peoples are allowed to continue to occupy and use the resources of these areas but only so long as they use the natural resources sustainably. This use, agreed with the park authorities, should reconcile the needs of both the indigenous peoples and the conservationists. Experience has found that these needs can be reconciled and made compatible, although this is far from being routine. Clearly major deforestation or firearm hunting for commerce by indigenous peoples are not compatible with wildlands protection. Where indigenous people and park authorities do not agree, then either the park or the people are encouraged to move. (author)}, keywords = {ache, acquatic resources, agriculture, Alaska Whaling Commission, Amboseli National Park, animal protection, Annapurna Conservation Project, aquaculture, Arctic Research Establishment, Aripuana Indian Park, Australia, Awa Ethnic Forest Reserve, Beni Biosphere Reserve, Bolivia, Brazil, Caribou Management Boards, Chile, Coburg National Park, Colombia, Conservation of natural resources, Costa Rica, Cuyabeno, Darien Biosphere Reserve, economic conditions, ecosystem management, Ecuador, environmental policy, Eskimo Walrus Commission, ethnoecology, ethnology, forestry, Honduras, Huaorani, Indians of South America, indigenous peoples, Kakadu National Park, Kenya, Kuna Yala Project, La Amistad Biosphere Reserve, La Planada, Lake Titicaca National Reserve, land tenure, land use planning, Latin America, Lauca National Park, Makivik Research Center, Manu National Park, Mbaracayu Wildland Area, Mexico, national parks, Native Americans, Nepal, NGOs, non-governmental organizations, oil exploration, Pacaya Samira National Reserve, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, rainforests, Rio Platano Biosphere Reserve, Sian Ka{\textquoteright}an Biosphere Reserve, Sierra de Manantlan Biosphere Reserve, Siona-Secoya, sport hunting, subsistence economy, subsistence hunting, Tagaira, UNESCO , usufruct rights, wildlife , World Bank, Xingu National Park, Yanomami Indian Park, Yasuni National Park}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/29810664}, author = {Peter Poole} } @book {307, title = {Consequences of deforestation for women{\textquoteright}s time allocation, agricultural production, and nutrition in hill areas of Nepal}, series = {Research report (International Food Policy Research Institute) no. 69}, year = {1988}, note = {General Note: October 1988 Bibliography note: pp. 70-72}, month = {October 1988}, pages = {72}, publisher = {International Food Policy Research Institute}, organization = {International Food Policy Research Institute}, address = {Washington, DC}, abstract = {In this report, the cost in time spent collecting fuel is used as a measure of the consequences of deforestation; its effects on time allocation, agricultural output, food consumption, and nutrition are examined. In particular, the allocation of women{\textquoteright}s time is influenced because women are engaged not only in the collection of fuelwood and other essential forest products affected by deforestation - such as leaf fodder and grass for livestock feed - but also in agricultural production. According to the study{\textquoteright}s hypothesis, deforestation reduces agricultural output from existing cultivated land by increasing time spent in collecting essential forest products, which shifts time away from agriculture. As a result, household income from agriculture is reduced. Unless alternative sources of income increase, food consumption and eventually the nutritional status of the population will be adversely affected. Because livestock production is also an important part of household enterprise in these areas, the destruction of forests also influences this sector. A reduction in the availability of fodder used for stall feeding increases the pressure for grazing, which increases soil erosion on lands that are currently not under cultivation. Also, children who are involved in collection and livestock grazing activities may experience adverse effects on health and education, which would ultimately influence the region{\textquoteright}s prospects for raising the productivity of labor.}, keywords = {agricultural productivity, deforestation, economic aspects, food supply, Nepal, time management, women agricultural laborers, women fuelwood gatherers}, isbn = {0-89629-071-9}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18628702}, author = {Shubh K. Kumar and David Hotchkiss} } @conference {785, title = {Notes and reflections on the workshop on farmers and agricultural research: Complementary methods}, booktitle = {Paper presented at IDS Workshop on Farmers and Agricultural Research: Complementary Methods, July 26-31, 1987, University of Sussex}, year = {1987}, note = {IDS (Institute of Development Studies)}, month = {July 1987}, publisher = {Brighton, UK}, organization = {Brighton, UK}, address = {University of Sussex}, abstract = {The workshop, Farmers and Agricultural Research: Complementary Methods, was held at the Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK, from 26 to 31 July 1987. The objective was to take stock of new methods and approaches that scientists have been developing, to share experience, to assess potential, and to identify what steps should be taken next. The 42 notes and papers and the five days of the discussion at the workshop were designed for the exchange and exploration rather than to generate an agreed statement. What follows are therefore personal notes and reflections, and responsibility for the views expressed is mine and not of anyone else. All the same, I am trying to present views expressed, and there was a degree of consensus which suggests that few participants would probably wish to dissent substantially from much of what follows. (author)}, keywords = {agricultural research, agricultural science, agroforestry, agronomy, Bangladesh, bio-economic, Botswana, Brazil, Bungoma, Colombia, cropping systems, cropping systems research, crops, development, dry farming, dryland agriculture, East India, farmer experimentation, farmers, Farming Systems Development Project-Eastern Visayas (FSDP-EV), food, India, indigenous genetic resources, indigenous technical knowledge , Indore, Kenya, land classification, livestock, Luapula, Luapula Province, Nepal, on-farm varietal, Peru, Pokot, regular research field hearings (RRFH), research and development , resource-poor, rice, scientized packages, soil classification, Sub-Saharan Africa, topsoil, tree planting, trees, Turkana, watersheds, Zambia}, author = {Robert Chambers} } @inbook {905, title = {People and resources in Nepal: Customary resource management systems of the Upper Kali Gandaki}, booktitle = {Common property resource management}, year = {1986}, note = {Chapter 21}, month = {December 1987}, pages = {455-480}, publisher = {National Academy Press}, organization = {National Academy Press}, address = {Washington, DC}, abstract = {This document looks at common property resource management in general and numerous case studies. Case studies cover topics in the resources of fish and wildlife; water; range and pastureland; agricultural land; and forest and bushland.}, keywords = {aquatic resources, common property, Nepal, resource management}, isbn = {0-309-04258-5}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/255773087}, author = {Donald A. Messerschmidt}, editor = {Daniel W. Bromley} } @article {716, title = {Use of multipurpose trees in hill farming systems in Western Nepal}, journal = {Agroforestry Systems}, volume = {2}, year = {1984}, month = {September 1984}, pages = {187-197}, abstract = {

A large number of multipurpose trees and shrubs are deliberately retained or incorporated on farms in the subsistence farming systems on the steep slopes in parts of Nepal. Woody perennials are maintained in contour strips across the slopes and around the fields. The contribution of these trees is the production of foder and firewood and their protective function in reducing the erosion hazards and thereby making crop production possible in those steep slopes where profitable cropping would otherwise be extremely difficult. Based on a case study in two villages of the Western Development Region, this paper presents some data on basic farm management aspects, production of crops and other components, etc. of the system. The performance of the system is assessed and its merits and weakness highlighted.

Although the hill farming system extends over quite a large area and accounts for a large number of Nepal\&$\#$39;s population, it has not received any research attention nor benefitted by any scientific innovations. Improvement possibilities in terms of component technologies as well as farming systems including the incorporation of the several locally available medicinal plants are indicated. (author)

}, keywords = {agroforestry, erosion control, hill farming, medicinal plants, multipurpose trees, Nepal}, doi = {10.1007/BF00147033}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00147033}, author = {Peter F. Fonzen and Erich Oberholzer} } @article {837, title = {The dynamics of traditional systems of forest management in Nepal: Implications for the community forestry development and training project}, year = {1981}, note = {Report to the World Bank/International Finance Corporation}, month = {1981}, institution = {World Bank}, address = {Washington, DC}, abstract = {

The Nepal Community Forestry Development and Training Project, which is now in its first year of implementation, aims to increase supplies of fuelwood, fodder, grass, and timber by allocating greater responsibility for forest management and protection to local communities. As such it depends largely for its success upon generation of local motivation, cooperation, and involvement. This report investigates the dynamics of the traditional systems of forest management in a number of communities in Nepal to assess the potential for local participation, the existing constraints on the active involvement of local farmers in forest plantation, rehabilitation, and preservation, and the type of changes in strategy needed to ensure better project implementation. There is no single formula for local participation in preservation or maintenance of existing forest resources; rather, the individual adaptation of a panchayat/community management system to local conditions and needs is the main criteria for success. Some of the key factors contributing to success of a traditional system are:

}, keywords = {benefits, community relationship, cultivation, economic inequality, fodder, forest products, fuelwood, incentives, leaders, Nepal, ownership, sanctions, women}, author = {Augusta Molnar} }