@book {398, title = {The cultural dimension of development: Indigenous knowledge systems}, series = {IT Studies in Indigenous Knowledge and Development Series}, year = {1995}, note = {

Wim H.J.C. Dechering, Technical Editor

}, month = {December 1995}, pages = {xviii, 582 pp.}, publisher = {Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd [Practical Action Publishing]}, organization = {Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd [Practical Action Publishing]}, address = {London}, abstract = {This book presents evidence from many countries and sources of the validity and usefulness of indigenous knowledge in the success of development projects. Part I consists of chapters with a focus on indigenous knowledge systems including: Ethnobotanical knowledge systems, Taman Obat Keluarga: Indigenous Indonesian medicine, Neem in Niger, The Lari Soils project in Peru, indigenous soil classificaton in Northern Zambia, Agroforestry in the Central Hills of Nepal, indigenous communication, and International rice research. The chapters in Part II show how indigenous knowledge is used in decision making: Raised Beds and Plant Disease Management, Famine relief in the Horn of Africa, Gender and socioeconomic status in the Philippines as a reflection of decision making in agriculture, Forest Gardens of Highland Sri Lanka, Indigenous decision-making in American agriculture, Indigenous Taxonomies and decision-making of Rice Farmers in South India, Crop Varietal Selection, and Patterns of medical choice among working-class families of Oaxaca, Mexico. Part III focuses on the role that indigenous organizations play in the decision making process in the following examples: Community Forestry Management in Nepal, Natural Resource Management among Pastoralists of Arid and Semi-arid Africa, Balinese Water Temples, Kpelle Farming, and the Niger River Fisheries project. Part IV deals with indigenous experimentation and innovation including: Indigenous horticultural approaches in tropical regions, Farmer Know-how and Communicaton for Technology Transfer in Niger, Duck Farming in Indonesia, Technology off the farm, Design of on- farm experiments in the Philippines, Soil and Water Conservation in Djenne, Mali, Kpelle steelmaking, and Protection of the Agricultural Environment in Eastern Africa. The chapters in Part V describe how different development institutions such as: CIKARD, LEAD, CIRAN, IUCN, IIED, ILEIA, CLADES, UNESCO, NISER, and REPPIKA, are using indigenous knowledge to facilitate the development process. Part VI consists of bibliographical essays on the attention given to indigenous knowledge in the literature of the past decade in the areas of agriculture and rural development and resource management.}, keywords = {Africa, agroforestry, Bali, ethnobotany, ethnoveterinary medicine, Horn of Africa, India, indigenous decision-making systems, indigenous development, indigenous experimentation, indigenous knowledge, indigenous organizations, Indonesia, Kpelle, Mali, Mexico, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Peru, Philippines, Sudan, Zambia}, isbn = {1-85339-264-2; 978-1-85339-251-1; eISBN 978-1-78044-473-4}, url = {https://www.worldcat.org/title/257046951}, editor = {D. Michael Warren and L. Jan Slikkerveer and David Brokensha} } @article {430, title = {BOS Newsletter}, volume = {13}, year = {1994}, note = {Entire issue}, month = {[1994]}, abstract = {

In this issue:

}, keywords = {AGRICOLA, Brazil, CGIAR, CIFOR, communications, dye, EC, ethnobotany, ethnomedicine, ethnosoil, FAO, GUF, ICRAF, IUCN, legume, Mexico, pedology, Peru, pulses, rattan, taxonomy, TFAP, timber , UNCTAD, vegetables, World Bank, World Conservation Union}, author = {BOS} } @article {594, title = {Inga edulis: A tree for acid soils in the humid tropics}, journal = {NFT Highlights}, volume = {93-04}, year = {1993}, note = {A publication of the Forest, Farm, and Community Tree Network (FACT Net)}, month = {September 1993}, abstract = {A quick guide to useful nitrogen-fixing trees from around the world. Inga is a large genus of leguminous trees native to the American humid tropics. Inga edulis, the best known of the Inga species, is popular with agroforesters for its rapid growth, tolerance of acid soils and high production of leafy biomass to control weeds and erosion.}, keywords = {agroforestry, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, forest genetics, forestry, genetic resources, Inga, Panama, Peru, trees, tropical forests, tropical trees}, url = {https://www.winrock.org/factnet-a-lasting-impact/fact-sheets/inga-edulis-a-tree-for-acid-soils-in-the-humid-tropics/}, author = {Anna Lawrence} } @inbook {878, title = {Indigenous agroforestry strategies meeting farmers{\textquoteright} needs}, booktitle = {Alternatives to deforestation: Steps towards sustainable use of the Amazon rain forest.}, year = {1990}, note = {Author Affiliation: Biology Department, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA}, month = {1990}, pages = {141-151}, publisher = {Columbia University Press}, organization = {Columbia University Press}, address = {New York}, abstract = {Seven characteristics of indigenous agroforestry strategies are discussed: they incorporate native trees and communities; they rely on natural succession; they use natural environmental variation; they incorporate numerous crop and native species; they are flexible; they spread risks by retaining diversity; and they work to ensure independent survival using backup resources available to the community. Specific examples from the sequential agroforestry and forest grove systems of Mexican Huastec and Peruvian Bora farmers show the ways in which indigenous strategies are used.}, keywords = {agroforestry, Bora, deforestation, ecology, Huastec, Mexico, Peru}, isbn = {0-231-06892-1; 978-0-231-06892-5}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/803206060}, author = {Janis B. Alcorn}, editor = {Anthony B. Anderson} } @inbook {850, title = {Agricultural systems on the floodplains of the Peruvian Amazon}, booktitle = {Fragile lands of Latin America: Strategies for sustainable development}, series = {Westview special studies in social, political, and economic development}, year = {1989}, note = {Chapter 5}, month = {1989}, pages = {75-100}, publisher = {Westview Press}, organization = {Westview Press}, address = {Boulder, CO}, abstract = {The "development" of Amazonia continues unabated. Governments sharing the basin are promoting the occupation of the region for reasons that range from land pressures occasioned by inequitable land tenure systems or population pressure, expansion of food and fiber production to meet domestic needs or foreign exchange earnings, to exploitation of natural resources. Development models, however, have been based on those extraneous to the region. This chapter explores those models and systems. (author)}, keywords = {agroforestry, American Indians, climate, fallow, flora, local knowledge, Native Americans, Peru, rainfall, river, shifting cultivation, South America, swiddens}, isbn = {0-8133-7705-6}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18351601}, author = {M{\'a}rio Hiraoka}, editor = {John O. Browder} } @book {314, title = {Developing a partnership of indigenous peoples, conservationists, and land use planners in Latin America}, series = {Policy, planning, and research working papers -- Environment (WPS 245)}, year = {1989}, note = {See also: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/500811468776777817/pdf/multi-page.pdf}, month = {October 1989}, pages = {96}, publisher = {Latin America and the Caribbean Technical Dept., World Bank}, organization = {Latin America and the Caribbean Technical Dept., World Bank}, address = {Washington, DC}, abstract = {Policy, Planning, and Research Working Papers - Environment Recommendations for working in partnership with indigenous peoples, recognizing their land rights, incorporating their environmental knowledge into wildlands and native area planning, and paying more serious attention to the economics and resource implications of local activities to harvest wild resources - especially in environmentally delicate areas such as tropical rainforests. The major finding of the report is that a fundamental shift (a paradigm shift in the language of the historian of science Thomas Kuhn) has started in the way in which the international conservation community has come to view the issue of planning in areas which are occupied and used by indigenous peoples. Under the traditional paradigm, represented by several National Parks, wildlife reserves and other types of protected areas where indigenous peoples have aboriginal claims, indigenous peoples are allowed to continue to occupy and use the resources of these areas but only so long as they use the natural resources sustainably. This use, agreed with the park authorities, should reconcile the needs of both the indigenous peoples and the conservationists. Experience has found that these needs can be reconciled and made compatible, although this is far from being routine. Clearly major deforestation or firearm hunting for commerce by indigenous peoples are not compatible with wildlands protection. Where indigenous people and park authorities do not agree, then either the park or the people are encouraged to move. (author)}, keywords = {ache, acquatic resources, agriculture, Alaska Whaling Commission, Amboseli National Park, animal protection, Annapurna Conservation Project, aquaculture, Arctic Research Establishment, Aripuana Indian Park, Australia, Awa Ethnic Forest Reserve, Beni Biosphere Reserve, Bolivia, Brazil, Caribou Management Boards, Chile, Coburg National Park, Colombia, Conservation of natural resources, Costa Rica, Cuyabeno, Darien Biosphere Reserve, economic conditions, ecosystem management, Ecuador, environmental policy, Eskimo Walrus Commission, ethnoecology, ethnology, forestry, Honduras, Huaorani, Indians of South America, indigenous peoples, Kakadu National Park, Kenya, Kuna Yala Project, La Amistad Biosphere Reserve, La Planada, Lake Titicaca National Reserve, land tenure, land use planning, Latin America, Lauca National Park, Makivik Research Center, Manu National Park, Mbaracayu Wildland Area, Mexico, national parks, Native Americans, Nepal, NGOs, non-governmental organizations, oil exploration, Pacaya Samira National Reserve, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, rainforests, Rio Platano Biosphere Reserve, Sian Ka{\textquoteright}an Biosphere Reserve, Sierra de Manantlan Biosphere Reserve, Siona-Secoya, sport hunting, subsistence economy, subsistence hunting, Tagaira, UNESCO , usufruct rights, wildlife , World Bank, Xingu National Park, Yanomami Indian Park, Yasuni National Park}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/29810664}, author = {Peter Poole} } @inbook {884, title = {Indigenous soil management in the Amazon basin: Some implications for development}, booktitle = {Fragile lands of Latin America: Strategies for sustainable development}, series = {Westview Special Studies in Social, Political, and Economic Development}, year = {1989}, note = {Chapter 11}, month = {1989}, pages = {166-181}, publisher = {Westview Press}, organization = {Westview Press}, address = {Boulder, CO}, abstract = {This paper focuses on two main issues. First, it discusses the indigenous versus modernization approaches to soil resource management in Amazonian research and development strategies. The production systems of the Kayap{\'o} Indians of southern Para state are compared with those that inform current regional agricultural programs. While indigenous systems are complex, the principles that underlie them are not. Native land management models could be adapted by development planning agencies in a fuller way. Second, the outcomes of Kayap{\'o} and conventional colonist and livestock systems are compared in terms of soil fertility and yields. (author)}, keywords = {American Indians, deforestation, Kayapo, local knowledge, Native Americans, nutrition, pasture, Peru, rainforests, soil degradation, South America, tropical forests, Yurimaguas}, isbn = {0-8133-7705-6; 978-0-8133-7705-6}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18351601}, author = {Susanna B. Hecht}, editor = {John O. Browder} } @inbook {795, title = {Rural development and the careful utilization of natural resources in the Peruvian Sierra}, booktitle = {Report on the Workshop-Seminar held in Achoma (Arequipa), Peru, 31 March to 9 April 1987}, year = {1989}, month = {March-April 1987}, publisher = {Deutsche Stiftung für Internationale Entwicklung (German Foundation for International Development)}, organization = {Deutsche Stiftung für Internationale Entwicklung (German Foundation for International Development)}, address = {Berlin, Germany}, abstract = {The Workshop-Seminar held in Achoma was the third in a series, its closest antecedent being the meeting held in 1984 in Feldafing (Federal Republic of Germany), which was likewise organized by DSE. On that occasion, the participants, who had been mainly concerned with analysing the ecological and development problems facing Peru, concluded and agreed that "If the quality of life in the Sierra does not improve, the country as a whole will be unable to make progress. Here lies the central problem of rural development in Peru." (author)}, keywords = {agriculture, Callalli, camelidae, Colca Valley, ecology, integrated management, Jalca, livestock, Maca, natural resources, Peru, Puna, rural development, Sierra, soils, Suni, trees, water , watersheds}, isbn = {3-924441-44-8}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/243201934}, author = {Mar{\'\i}a Ang{\'e}lica Salas} } @article {715, title = {Use and misuse of forest-harvested fruits in the Iquitos area}, journal = {Conservation Biology}, volume = {3}, year = {1989}, month = {December 1989}, pages = {350-361}, abstract = {Of 193 fruit species observed to be regularly consumed in the region surrounding Iquitos, Peru, 120 species are exclusively wold-harvested and 19 more originate from both wold and cultivated sources.The wild-harvested fruits of 57 species belonging to 24 different plant families are sold in the Iquitos market and are very important in the economy and diets of the area. Nearly half of the Iquitos fruit vendors sell wild-harvested fruits ( if fruits used as vegetables or starch sources are excluded), and over half of the fruit species sold are wild-harvested. Many fruit species consumed at Iquitos differ from those consumed in other parts of Amazonia. Although some native fruit species are beginning to be grown as crops, the wild populations of these high-potential species are being rapidly depleted by destructive harvesting techniques as market pressure begins to build. In the last few years, the availability of several of the most popular fruit species has decreased markedly. If nondestructive sustained-yield harvesting or resources such as wild-harvested fruits if to play its suggested important role in tropical forest conservation, much stronger efforts will be needed to prevent destructive over harvesting of these potentially significant resources.}, keywords = {deforestation, Iquitos, Peru, rainforests}, doi = {10.1111/j.1523-1739.1989.tb00241.x}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1989.tb00241.x}, author = {Rodolfo Vasquez and Alwyn H. Gentry} } @conference {785, title = {Notes and reflections on the workshop on farmers and agricultural research: Complementary methods}, booktitle = {Paper presented at IDS Workshop on Farmers and Agricultural Research: Complementary Methods, July 26-31, 1987, University of Sussex}, year = {1987}, note = {IDS (Institute of Development Studies)}, month = {July 1987}, publisher = {Brighton, UK}, organization = {Brighton, UK}, address = {University of Sussex}, abstract = {The workshop, Farmers and Agricultural Research: Complementary Methods, was held at the Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK, from 26 to 31 July 1987. The objective was to take stock of new methods and approaches that scientists have been developing, to share experience, to assess potential, and to identify what steps should be taken next. The 42 notes and papers and the five days of the discussion at the workshop were designed for the exchange and exploration rather than to generate an agreed statement. What follows are therefore personal notes and reflections, and responsibility for the views expressed is mine and not of anyone else. All the same, I am trying to present views expressed, and there was a degree of consensus which suggests that few participants would probably wish to dissent substantially from much of what follows. (author)}, keywords = {agricultural research, agricultural science, agroforestry, agronomy, Bangladesh, bio-economic, Botswana, Brazil, Bungoma, Colombia, cropping systems, cropping systems research, crops, development, dry farming, dryland agriculture, East India, farmer experimentation, farmers, Farming Systems Development Project-Eastern Visayas (FSDP-EV), food, India, indigenous genetic resources, indigenous technical knowledge , Indore, Kenya, land classification, livestock, Luapula, Luapula Province, Nepal, on-farm varietal, Peru, Pokot, regular research field hearings (RRFH), research and development , resource-poor, rice, scientized packages, soil classification, Sub-Saharan Africa, topsoil, tree planting, trees, Turkana, watersheds, Zambia}, author = {Robert Chambers} } @inbook {928, title = {Traditional agroforestry practices of native and Ribereno farmers in the lowland Peruvian Amazon}, booktitle = {Agroforestry: Realities, possibilities and potentials}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, pages = {179-195}, publisher = {Martin Nijhoff Publishers in cooperation with ICRAF; distributors for the U.S. and Canada, Kluwer Academic Publishers}, organization = {Martin Nijhoff Publishers in cooperation with ICRAF; distributors for the U.S. and Canada, Kluwer Academic Publishers}, address = {Dordrecht, Netherlands}, abstract = {Recent research on traditional agriculture in the Peruvian Amazon indicates that agroforestry practices are widespread and extremely varied. This article describes five agroforestry systems found in the vicinity of Iquitos, Peru. Although all begin as shifting cultivation fields, they differ greatly in species composition and richness, in intensity and length of management, in economic orientation, and in adaptation to particular ecological conditions. Four of the five systems are found in mestizo communities of the region. The information presented shows that basic traditional swidden-fallow agroforestry practices are adaptable to varying environmental and economic situations (author).}, keywords = {barbasco, Bora Indians, caimito, cashews, charcoal , coca, corn, economics, fiber, mamey, manioc, medicine, palms, papayas, Peru, pichirina, pineapple, plantains, pomarosa, Riberenos, rifari, toronja, tropical cedar, umair, uvilla, zapote}, isbn = {90-247-3590-4}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/16352684}, author = {Christine Padoch and Wil de Jong}, editor = {Henry L. Gholz} } @inbook {849, title = {Agricultura en camellones en la cuena del lago Titicaca: aspectos tecnicos y su futuro}, booktitle = {Andenes y Camellones en el Peru Andino: historia presente y futuro}, year = {1986}, month = {1986}, pages = {331-350}, publisher = {Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Techologia, Oficina de Politica Cientifica y Technologica}, organization = {Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Techologia, Oficina de Politica Cientifica y Technologica}, address = {Lima, Peru}, abstract = {This article examines the past indigenous technology of raised field agriculture on the banks of Lake Titicaca in Peru and Bolivia. The author proposes that individual peasants and communal groups, without extraordinary foreign assistance, can reconstruct the abandoned raised fields and utilize them in new production. The article proposes that the plains of the altiplano, while they are of poor soil and unpredictable weather patterns, can be reclaimed by indigenous populations if the raised fields are cultivated with Andean plants indigenous to the area. The author proposes the principals to sustain this system. They are: the control of water, production, and recycling of nutrients, and managing the microclimate (fish and animals) of the raised fields. The author concludes by examining the future of raised field agriculture in Peru and Bolivia.}, keywords = {aquatic resources, Bolivia, furrow irrigation, hill farming, natural resource management, Peru, raised fields, terraces}, author = {Clark L. Erickson} } @article {513, title = {Amazonian agroforestry: A market-oriented system in Peru}, journal = {Agroforestry Systems}, volume = {3}, year = {1985}, month = {March 1985}, pages = {47-58}, abstract = {Most reports on indigenous agroforestry systems of the Amazon region have described patterns employed by tribal groups almost exclusively for their own subsistence. This article discusses a market-oriented cyclic agroforestry system practiced by non-tribal {\textquoteright}Mestizo{\textquoteright} farmers in Tamshiyacu, Peru. The system produces charcoal, as well as annual, semi-perennial, and perennial crops for local consumption, and for a regional market. The sale of these products provides a substantial cash income for many farmers. The data presented demonstrate that Amazonian cyclic agroforestry systems are capable of being commercially successful enterprises and of serving as possible models for further agricultural development.}, keywords = {agroforestry, Amazonia, fruit, marketing, Peru}, doi = {10.1007/BF00045738}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00045738}, author = {C. Padoch and J. Chota Inuma and Wil de Jong and J. Unruh} } @book {343, title = {Indigenous agroforestry in the northeast Peruvian Amazon: Report of the University of Wisconsin-Unversidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana Man and the biosphere program project, 1981-1983}, series = {Man and the Biosphere Program}, year = {1984}, month = {May 1, 1984}, pages = {281}, publisher = {Institute for Environmental Studies, Univeristy of Wisconsin, Madison}, organization = {Institute for Environmental Studies, Univeristy of Wisconsin, Madison}, address = {Madison [WI]}, abstract = {

A bibliography is provided for the titles included in the report, including Part III. The Marketing of Forest and Fallow Products: Christine Padoch, which is not represented in the CIKARD library. Titles included in the subsections of this document are:

It has been noted by the editor that: Material in this Report is not to be used without permission from the appropriate subsection authors.

}, keywords = {agroforestry, Peru}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13142952}, editor = {William M. Denevan} } @article {582, title = {Indigenous agroforestry in the Peruvian Amazon: Bora Indian management of swidden fallows}, journal = {Interciencia}, volume = {9}, year = {1984}, month = {Nov.-Dec. 1984}, pages = {346-357}, abstract = {The purpose of this paper is to examine the swidden fallows of an Amazon native group, the Bora of eastern Peru, with the objective of demonstrating how fields are gradually abandoned. This contrasts with most studies of shifting cultivation which focus on why fields are abandoned, and which present a sharp distinction between the field (swidden) and the abandoned field (fallow). For the Bora there is no clear transition between swidden and fallow, but rather a continuum from a swidden dominated by cultivated plants to an old fallow composed entirely of natural vegetation. Thirty-five years or more may be required before the latter condition prevails. Abandonment is not a moment in time but rather a process over time. (author)}, keywords = {ethnobotany, fallow, multistory, Native Americans, Peru, swiddens}, author = {William M. Denevan and John M. Treacy and Janis B. Alcorn and Christine Padoch and Julie Sloan Denslow and Salvadore Flores Pait{\'a}n} } @article {523, title = {Bora Indian agroforestry: An alternative to deforestation}, journal = {Cultural Survival Quarterly Magazine}, volume = {6}, year = {1982}, month = {June 1982}, pages = {15-16}, abstract = {

Native cultivators in the Amazon have developed efficient and ecologically sound methods for making the tropical forest yield useful products. Their principal form of agriculture - shifting cultivation [swidden agriculture] - has evolved into a system of land management with features worthy of careful study. (author)

This document looks at how shifting cultivation is linked to agroforestry - another kind of system of land use which is currently recommended for the tropics. It also describes the methods the researchers used to collect data on a Bora swidden field.

}, keywords = {Amazon, Bora, deforestation, ecology, land management, methodology, Peru, tropical forests}, url = {http://www.culturalsurvival.org/ourpublications/csq/article/bora-indian-agroforestry-an-alternative-deforestation}, author = {John M. Treacy} }