@article {687, title = {The indigenous knowledge of ecological processes among peasants in the People{\textquoteright}s Republic of China}, journal = {Agriculture and Human Values}, volume = {8}, year = {1991}, note = {This paper was also presented at the Second International Ethnobiology Program, October 22-26, 1990 in Kunming, China.}, month = {Win-Spr 1991}, pages = {59-66}, abstract = {

A decision-tree model of an indigenous forest management system centered around shamu (Cunninghamia lanceolata),an important timber species in China, was constructed from extensive interviews with peasants in two villages in Fujian Province, China. From this model additional interviews were conducted to elicit from these peasants their reasons for selecting among decision alternatives. Those reasons that were of an ecological nature were discussed in detail with the peasants to elicit indigenous interpretations of ecological processes in order to test an hypothesis that a strong analogy exists between traditional indigenous and scientific knowledge of ecological processes.

Three cases are presented that test this hypothesis. These three cases concern the effect of intercrops on the growth of shamu, the relative merits of seedlings and root collar sprout cuttings for forest regeneration, and the effects of repeated plantings of shamuon soil chemistry. All three cases provide strong support for the research hypothesis and suggest that, even in the absence of a formalized scientific method, humans exercise mental processes typical of scientific thinking. This phenomenon is called proto-science.

}, keywords = {agroforestry, Cunninghamia lanceolata, ethnoecology, evolutionary biology, indigenous knowledge, proto-science, shamu}, doi = {10.1007/BF01579657}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01579657}, author = {Paul M. Chandler} } @book {314, title = {Developing a partnership of indigenous peoples, conservationists, and land use planners in Latin America}, series = {Policy, planning, and research working papers -- Environment (WPS 245)}, year = {1989}, note = {See also: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/500811468776777817/pdf/multi-page.pdf}, month = {October 1989}, pages = {96}, publisher = {Latin America and the Caribbean Technical Dept., World Bank}, organization = {Latin America and the Caribbean Technical Dept., World Bank}, address = {Washington, DC}, abstract = {Policy, Planning, and Research Working Papers - Environment Recommendations for working in partnership with indigenous peoples, recognizing their land rights, incorporating their environmental knowledge into wildlands and native area planning, and paying more serious attention to the economics and resource implications of local activities to harvest wild resources - especially in environmentally delicate areas such as tropical rainforests. The major finding of the report is that a fundamental shift (a paradigm shift in the language of the historian of science Thomas Kuhn) has started in the way in which the international conservation community has come to view the issue of planning in areas which are occupied and used by indigenous peoples. Under the traditional paradigm, represented by several National Parks, wildlife reserves and other types of protected areas where indigenous peoples have aboriginal claims, indigenous peoples are allowed to continue to occupy and use the resources of these areas but only so long as they use the natural resources sustainably. This use, agreed with the park authorities, should reconcile the needs of both the indigenous peoples and the conservationists. Experience has found that these needs can be reconciled and made compatible, although this is far from being routine. Clearly major deforestation or firearm hunting for commerce by indigenous peoples are not compatible with wildlands protection. Where indigenous people and park authorities do not agree, then either the park or the people are encouraged to move. (author)}, keywords = {ache, acquatic resources, agriculture, Alaska Whaling Commission, Amboseli National Park, animal protection, Annapurna Conservation Project, aquaculture, Arctic Research Establishment, Aripuana Indian Park, Australia, Awa Ethnic Forest Reserve, Beni Biosphere Reserve, Bolivia, Brazil, Caribou Management Boards, Chile, Coburg National Park, Colombia, Conservation of natural resources, Costa Rica, Cuyabeno, Darien Biosphere Reserve, economic conditions, ecosystem management, Ecuador, environmental policy, Eskimo Walrus Commission, ethnoecology, ethnology, forestry, Honduras, Huaorani, Indians of South America, indigenous peoples, Kakadu National Park, Kenya, Kuna Yala Project, La Amistad Biosphere Reserve, La Planada, Lake Titicaca National Reserve, land tenure, land use planning, Latin America, Lauca National Park, Makivik Research Center, Manu National Park, Mbaracayu Wildland Area, Mexico, national parks, Native Americans, Nepal, NGOs, non-governmental organizations, oil exploration, Pacaya Samira National Reserve, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, rainforests, Rio Platano Biosphere Reserve, Sian Ka{\textquoteright}an Biosphere Reserve, Sierra de Manantlan Biosphere Reserve, Siona-Secoya, sport hunting, subsistence economy, subsistence hunting, Tagaira, UNESCO , usufruct rights, wildlife , World Bank, Xingu National Park, Yanomami Indian Park, Yasuni National Park}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/29810664}, author = {Peter Poole} } @article {827, title = {Los agricultores de Yurimaguas: Uso de la tierra y estrategias de cultivo en la selva peruana}, year = {1989}, note = {includes photographs, diagrams, maps, bibliography}, month = {[1989]}, institution = {Lima, Peru}, address = {Centro de Investigaci{\'o}n y Promoci{\'o}n Amaz{\'o}nica}, abstract = {

(trans.) The Farmers of Yurimaguas: Land Use and Cultivation Strategies in the Peruvian Jungle

This book is the result of a study conducted by the Center for Amazonian Promotion and Investigation. The book contains nine chapters examining traditional agricultural practices and rural domestic farms. The study is based on a perspective recently developed by agriculturists which is farmer-oriented instead of the traditional western development model. The principal objectives in the book are understanding the complex system of subsistence agriculture and the cultivation of commercial products in the Yurimaguas area. The book consists of an in-depth look at the results of the study conducted in the Yurimaguas. Some important areas of the study are the work force, ethnoecology, crops (such as rice, yucca, plantain and bananas, corn, beans, peanuts, sugar cane, pineapple, and sweet potatoes). The authors stress the importance of indigenous technology and emphasize the methods in which the peasants of Yurimaguas have regained their traditional techniques.

}, keywords = {Amazon, bananas, beans, corn, crops, ethnoecology, farmer participatory research, peanuts, peasants, pineapple, plantains, rice, sugar cane, sweet potatoes, technology, work force, yucca, Yurimaguas}, author = {Pedro Bidegaray and Robert E. Rhoades} } @article {554, title = {Ethnoecology as applied anthropology in Amazonian development}, journal = {Human Organization}, volume = {43}, year = {1984}, month = {Summer 1984}, pages = {95-107}, abstract = {Social and ecological devastation in Amazonia necessitates alternative strategies for sustained, ecologically sound development. The study of indigenous ecological knowledge (ethnoecology) is shown to offer the bases for these new strategies. Six catagories of folk knowledge are explored: gathered products, game, aquaculture, agriculture, resource units and cosmology. A set of recommendations for systematic ethnoecological research is offered, the application of which will not only identify new categories of resources, but also offer alternative resource management strategies to bring the benefits of development to all residents of Amazonia. (author)}, keywords = {Amazonia, Amazonian development, economic development, ethnoecology, indigenous, indigenous perception, knowledge, subsistence strategies}, url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/44125834 }, author = {Darrell A. Posey and John Frechione and John Eddins and Luiz Francelino Da Silva and Debbie Myers and Diane Case and Peter MacBeath} } @mastersthesis {446, title = {Saami ethnoecology: Resource management in Norwegian Lapland}, year = {1978}, note = {CIKARD collection only includes the abstract and draft table of contents. See also: https://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/document?id=ep04-018}, month = {1978}, school = {Yale University}, address = {New Haven, CT}, abstract = {

The social organization, folk knowledge, and physiographic factors shaping Saami transactions with the natural environment are systematized for various ethnoecologic domains and examined for patterns underlying the structure, persistence, and change in the classification of knowledge involved in resource management. The study is an outgrowth of nearly five years of fieldwork among reindeer-breeding and sedentary population segments in the region comprising western Finnmark and northern Troms counties. This study emphasizes the dynamic nature of sociocultural, linguistic, cognitive, and ecological processes articulating a system of resource management in space and through time.

}, keywords = {cognition, ecology, ethnoecology, Lapland, linguistics, Norway, reindeer, resource, resource management, sociocultural}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8329793}, author = {Myrdene Anderson} }