@conference {753,
	title = {Agronomic and socio-economic aspects of windbreaks in Southwest-Niger},
	booktitle = {Paper presented at 4th International Symposium on Windbreaks and Agroforestry, July 26-30, 1993, Viborg, Denmark},
	year = {1993},
	month = {July 1993},
	address = {Viborg, Denmark},
	abstract = {The integration of socio-economic and cultural survey into agroforestry experiments and development projects already in the planning stage can assist in the choice of tree species and the planting system. In 1992, an on-station windbreak/millet experiment in Niger was combined with a survey of farmers and their wives from an adjacent village in order to evaluate local knowledge, perception and the attributed value of trees and shrubs. Millet yield were reduced by Acacia holosericea and Acacia nilotica up to a 2 and 8 m distance from the hedge, respectively, while Faidherbia albida showed no competition to millet. The survey showed that farmers appreciation of tree species was strongly related to agricultural issues; they considered F. albida as the most preferred tree because of its soil enrichment. Their wives, however, concentrated on household needs and ranked Combretum glutinosum first. Farmers were aware of wind erosion and crop competition effects of different species. This study provided evidence that long term studies on the technical aspects of windbreaks and agroforestry systems could gain substantially from the indigenous knowledge of rural people.},
	keywords = {agroforestry, Niger, windbreaks},
	url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/768076539},
	author = {J. P. A. Lamers and K. Michels and B.E Allison and R. J. Vanderbeldt}
}
@book {332,
	title = {Forestry and food security},
	series = {FAO forestry paper 90},
	year = {1989},
	month = {1989},
	pages = {128},
	publisher = {Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations},
	organization = {Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations},
	address = {Rome},
	abstract = {This report summarizes the current state of understanding regarding the links between forestry and food security. It is the result of a series of investigations begun in 1985 in response to the widely felt concern that excessive deforestation is threatening not only the soil and water base essential for continued food production, but also the present and future availability of the many forest plants and animals that are sources of food.},
	keywords = {agroforestry, Amazonia, cash crops, cloud forests, common property, erosion, fodder, fuelwood, gardens, fallows, gender, Ghana, household, mangroves, microclimate, plant foods, salinization, soil conservation, water conservation, wildlife , windbreaks, women, yields},
	isbn = {92-5-102847-8, 978-92-5-102847-6},
	url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/20998704},
	author = {Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)}
}
@inbook {869,
	title = {Elements of success: Sustainable development in sub-Saharan Africa},
	booktitle = {World Resources 1987: An assessment of the resource base that supports the global economy},
	year = {1987},
	note = {Chapter 14},
	month = {April 1987},
	pages = {221-238},
	publisher = {Basic Books},
	organization = {Basic Books},
	address = {Washington, DC},
	abstract = {In recent years, Africa{\textquoteright}s farmers and herders, its soils and forests, have been chasing each other down a vicious spiral of environmental degradation and deepening poverty. Conventional development efforts by donors and governments have largely failed to halt the spiral, indeed in some cases have aggravated it. The need to find solutions is urgent. Africa not only must increase its energy and found output in line with rapidly expanding populations, but must do so in a way that preserves the resource base and enhances the welfare and income of the majority. Despite the general landscape of failure, a growing number of projects and programs -- governmental, intergovernmental, and nongovernmental -- have succeeded. This chapter examines some of those "success stories" and attempts to draw some more general lessons that can point to a "recipe for success" in sub-Saharan Africa.},
	keywords = {agroforestry, alley cropping, Burkina Faso, cassava, charcoal , drought, fuelwood, green revolution, Kenya, maize, Niger, Nigeria, OXFAM, rainfall, reforestation, soil fertility, stoves, trypanosomiasis, water conservation, windbreaks, Zimbabwe},
	isbn = {0-465-09239-X},
	url = {https://www.wri.org/publication/world-resources-1987},
	author = {International Institute for the Environment and Development (IIED) and World Resourses Institute (WRI)}
}
