@article {577, title = {Homestead tree planting in two rural Swazi communities}, journal = {Agroforestry Systems}, volume = {11}, year = {1990}, month = {May 1990}, pages = {11-22}, abstract = {Tree planting practices were investigated on a total of 95 homesteads in two communities in rural Swaziland. Information was also collected on socioeconomic characteristics of the homesteads. In both the study areas, Sigombeni and Bhekinkhosi, there was considerable variation amongst individual homesteads in size, relative wealth (as indicated by cattle and motor vehicle ownership), and amount and types of trees planted. Eighty-five percent of all homesteads in Sigombeni and 73 percent in Bhekinkhosi had planted at least one tree. Common forms of planting included small woodlots, fruit trees, and ornamentals. Virtually all the woodlots consisted of two introduced wattle species (Acacia mearnsii and A. decurrens). The most commonly planted fruit trees were avocadoes, bananas, and peaches. No complex or labor-intensive agroforestry practices (such as maize/leucaena intercropping) were observed. There was some evidence that the poorest and newest homesteads were the least likely to have planted any trees and that the richest homesteads were the most likely to have planted woodlots. The results indicate that forestry research and extension efforts should take into account homestead characteristics, and strive to offer a range of tree planting options that vary in input requirements, labor needs, and complexity.}, keywords = {agroforestry, fruit trees, social forestry, Swaziland, woodlots}, doi = {10.1007/BF00122809}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00122809}, author = {James A. Allen} } @book {355, title = {Joint management for forest lands: Experiences from South Asia}, year = {1990}, month = {January 1990}, pages = {49}, publisher = {Ford Foundation}, organization = {Ford Foundation}, address = {New Delhi, India}, abstract = {This paper briefly examines three regions within South Asia where poor land management is causing environmental degradation and social and economic problems for rural communities. Within each setting, an example is given of a government agency which is attempting to improve land management through partnerships with community groups. The experiences of each program are discussed and assesed in terms of the productivity, equity, and sustainability of emerging joint management systems. The paper concludes by describing Foundation efforts to support forest agencies developing new approaches to participatory management. (author)}, keywords = {agroforestry, Bengal, common property, community forestry, India, land tenure, land use, Nepal, participatory research, social forestry}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/24551289}, author = {Mark Poffenberger} } @book {415, title = {User groups as producers in participatory afforestation strategies}, year = {1989}, month = {December 1989}, publisher = {Harvard Institute for International Development}, organization = {Harvard Institute for International Development}, address = {Cambridge, MA}, abstract = {This paper{\textquoteright}s area of analysis is social forestry, particularly under regimes of common property or joint usufruct over natural resources. The paper will argue that sociological analysis brings an increment of professional precision to the thinking about participation in natural resource management by proposing strategies for organizing the individual users of natural resources into user groups and for enabling such user groups to act as producers and managers in order to generate increased benefits through group action. Conversely, the paper contends that when sociological understanding is absent, well intentioned attempts toward participation lack compass and often result, as will be shown, in misguided intervention. (author)}, keywords = {community woodlots, land tenure, land use, reforestation, social forestry, social organization}, author = {Michael M. Cernea} } @book {337, title = {Glossary of selected terms in sustainable agriculture}, series = {Gatekeeper Series no. SA6}, year = {1988}, month = {August 1988}, pages = {19}, publisher = {International Institute for Environment and Development, Sustainable Agriculture Programme}, organization = {International Institute for Environment and Development, Sustainable Agriculture Programme}, address = {London; Washington, DC}, abstract = {A glossary of selected terms in sustainable agriculture}, keywords = {agroecological zoning, agroecosystem zoning, agroecosystems, agroforestry, alley cropping, appropriate technology and intermediate technology, bioenergy, biomass, carrying capacity, cash crops, common property resources, community forestry, conservation farming, desertification, export crops, farmer participatory research, farming systems research , food crops, genetic preservation, integrated pest management, integrated rural development, land degradation, minimum tillage, multiple cropping, multipurpose trees, open access resources, pastoralism, range management, rapid rural appraisal, regenerative farming, remote sensing, share cropping, shifting cultivation, social forestry, subsistence agriculture, sustainable development, tragedy of the commons, transhumance}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19531919}, author = {Jennifer A. McCracken and Jules N. Pretty} } @article {574, title = {Great planting disasters: Pitfalls in technical assistance in forestry}, journal = {Agriculture and Human Values}, volume = {5}, year = {1988}, note = {This article from Agriculture and Human Values, 5 (1-2) listed independently.}, month = {December 1988}, pages = {49-60}, abstract = {Social forestry, in contrast to traditional forestry, is intended to meet biological/environmental, procedural and equity goals. Social forestry projects may not fulfill this multiplicity of goals either because priority is given to a single goal or because various factors including the structure and norms of implementing institutions and the distribution of local power overwhelm procedural and distributive intentions. Thus, despite participatory and equitable project designs, social forestry projects may result in the distribution of benefits to the rich and costs to the poor and products that either have little local value or lose their value over time. Factors leading to these outcomes are explored and countervailing measures considered.}, keywords = {agricultural economics, equity goals, ethics, evolutionary biology, history, project design, social forestry, technical assistance, veterinary medicine}, doi = {10.1007/BF02217176}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02217176}, author = {Louise Fortmann} } @article {823, title = {Indigenous agroforestry systems in Hambantota district: An indicative study}, year = {1988}, month = {September 1988}, institution = {Hambantota Integrated Rural Development Programme}, address = {Kachcheri, Hambantota, Sri Lanka}, abstract = {

Given that \&$\#$39;agroforestry\&$\#$39; and village or social forestry are now commonly considered to be valuable components within integrated development efforts, it would seem worth investigating in more detail what sort of indigenous agroforestry is going on already in Hambantota district before launching into new schemes. For an understanding of existing systems, their merits and limitations can, of course, greatly increase the chances of making successful interventions. It was for this reason that this small study was carried out. (author)

This document includes sections on:

}, keywords = {Kandyan, social forestry}, author = {Margaret McCall Skutsch} } @article {578, title = {Household economy and tree growing in upland Central Java}, journal = {Agroforestry Systems}, volume = {5}, year = {1987}, month = {June 1987}, pages = {169-184}, abstract = {This article tries to identify the key variables that determine land use patterns and the strategies of households towards tree growing in two upland regions in Central Java. A household{\textquoteright}s access to land and market opportunities appear to be such key variables. Households with little land use their land more intensively with respect to crop, livestock and tree production. So do households with access to market opportunities. Based on this type of diagnostic research more appropriate tree-based designs could be developed to contribute to the solution of land use problems in the uplands of Java.}, keywords = {agroforestry, farming systems research , Indonesia, Java, land use, social forestry, upland farming}, doi = {10.1007/BF00047520}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00047520}, author = {P. van der Poel and H. van Dijk} } @article {656, title = {Some socioeconomic and environmental aspects of forest use by lowland farmers in Leyte, Philippines and their implications for agricultural development and forest management}, journal = {Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society}, volume = {13}, year = {1985}, month = {December 1985}, pages = {282-296}, abstract = {Public forests in central Leyte, Philippines provide an important source of annual food crops, perennial cash crops, and rattan and timber to lowland farmers. Household economic dependence upon and uses made of forest resources are associated with relative access to lowland-based activities, especially production of irrigated rice. Households unable to procure sufficient food staples through on or off-farm labor in the lowlands utilize adjacent public forests to cultivate subsistence food crops and to collect forest products. Households able to procure a larger portion of their food staples from lowland-based enterprises depend less upon forests and utilize them primarily for supplementary food production and perennial cash cropping. Current forest farming and forest product collecting activities, especially in annual food-focussed farms, result in erosion, soil degradation and gradual destruction of the indigenous flora. The importance of understanding and incorporating variable household economic dependence on and uses made of forest resources is discussed in relation to the introduction of appropriate strata-specific soil conservation, agroforestry and forest management measures.}, keywords = {forest resources, lowlands, public forests, rattan work, social forestry, soil conservation, soil erosion, sustainable agriculture}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/29791868}, author = {Stephen F. Siebert and Jill M. Belsky} } @article {704, title = {Traditional agroforestry, parcel management, and social forestry development in a pioneer agricultural community: The case of Jala-jala, Rizal, Philippines}, journal = {Agroforestry Systems}, volume = {3}, year = {1985}, month = {December 1985}, pages = {317-337}, abstract = {This paper overviews a variety of traditional agroforestry systems found in a small community of Filipino migrant farmers. Background information provides context, and then case studies of seven farmers are offered to illustrate the functions which their agroforestries fulfill in a situation of parcellization of farm-holdings into both level and sloping fields. The implications of the brief portraits presented for further research and development and for the acceptability of a social forestry program now going on in the community are suggested.}, keywords = {agroforestry, farm fragmentation, farm management, hillside agriculture, Philippines, rapid rural appraisal, social forestry}, doi = {10.1007/BF00055715}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00055715}, author = {Harold Olofson} } @article {726, title = {Women, wood and work in Kenya and beyond}, journal = {Unasylva}, volume = {36}, year = {1984}, month = {April 1984}, pages = {36-43}, abstract = {

The fuelwood crisis is discussed in the context of broader issues relating to poverty and land use, in which women are involved. Kenya is taken as a case study to illustrate the potential and limitations of tree-planting projects. The National Council of Women of Kenya is one of the major women\&$\#$39;s networks in a country with a strongly developed national network of women\&$\#$39;s organizations. It has developed a strong and active tree-planting programme with two major components \— the Green Belt movement and tree nursery development. The latter is a social forestry project; by 1982 there were over 50 nurseries and the project is expanding. A broader role is urged for women in decision-making and in wider political and economic influence.

[agroforestry, sustainabable Ag abstract] This article discusses the need for tree production in Kenya to meet growing fuelwood needs. Because of the role of women in society, projects have been directed specifically towards women. Women\&$\#$39;s clubs provide information and assistance for women to develop nurseries. The author notices weaknesses in the program which include:

  1. no participation among the poorest, most burdened women,
  2. over-centralized project management,
  3. project sustainability may depend on a single person, and
  4. socio-economic and political constraints.

Despite these barriers, women can gain valuable experience, resources, and income throughout developing countries with the introduction of these nurseries.

}, keywords = {Green Belt Movement, social forestry, tree nursery}, url = {http://www.fao.org/docrep/r0465e/r0465e06.htm$\#$women,\%20wood\%20and\%20work:\%20in\%20kenya\%20and\%20beyond}, author = {Lori-Ann Thrupp} }