@book {330, title = {Food from dryland gardens: An ecological, nutritional, and social approach to small-scale household food production}, year = {1991}, month = {1991}, publisher = {Center for People, Food and Environment (CPFE)}, organization = {Center for People, Food and Environment (CPFE)}, address = {Tucson, Arizona}, abstract = {This book was written to encourage gardens that serve local needs, that are based on local knowledge and resources, and that conserve natural resources and the biological diversity of traditional crops. It is written for field workers, extension agents, students, project workers, and program planners. Both a beginner{\textquoteright}s guide as well as a reference for those with more experience, this book helps the reader observe and work with local people to ask appropriate questions about the community, the environment, and the potential for gardens to improve nutritional, economic, and social well-being. (author)}, keywords = {ethnobotany, horticulture}, isbn = {0-9627997-0-X}, author = {David A. Cleveland and Daniela Soleri} } @article {736, title = {Household gardens, crop architecture, and traditional disease management}, year = {1989}, note = {CIKARD copy is a rough draft - some references not checked - not for publication}, month = {April 1989}, address = {Cornell University, Ithaca, NY}, abstract = {This essay focuses on the different types of architectural arrangements of crops and suggests that a study of traditional cropping systems and their architecture should also be strongly urged when designing or improving tropical cropping systems.}, keywords = {agroforestry, horticulture, multistorey cropping}, author = {H. David Thurston} } @book {374, title = {Permaculture: A designers{\textquoteright} manual}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {576}, publisher = {Tagari Publications}, organization = {Tagari Publications}, address = {Tyalgum, NSW, Australia}, abstract = {

Contains following chapters:

}, keywords = {agricultural ecology, agroforestry, aquatic resources, botany, ethnobotany, horticulture, organic farming, organic gardening}, isbn = {0-908228-01-5}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/945761643}, author = {Bill C. Mollison} } @book {413, title = {Useful farming practices: New edition}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {451}, publisher = {Japan Association for International Cooperation of Agriculture \& Forestry}, organization = {Japan Association for International Cooperation of Agriculture \& Forestry}, address = {Tokyo}, abstract = {This book is a general overview of farming techniques for diverse ecological systems and technological capabilities. Major areas of discussion are horticulture, animal husbandry, agricultural engineering, farming machines and tools, sericulture, forestry, and fisheries. There is also an emphasis on rice cultivation.}, keywords = {agricultural engineering, agroforestry, animal husbandry, appropriate technology and intermediate technology, aquatic resources, ecology, ethnobotany, fisheries, forestry, horticulture, rice, sericulture, upland farming}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22662784}, author = {Japan Association for International Cooperation of Agriculture \& Forestry (AICAF)} } @article {592, title = {Indigenous management of tropical forest ecosystems: The case of the Kayap{\'o} Indians of the Brazilian Amazon}, journal = {Agroforestry Systems}, volume = {3}, year = {1985}, month = {June 1985}, pages = {139-158}, abstract = {

The Kayap{\'o} Indians of Brazil\&$\#$39;s Amazon Basin are described as effective managers of tropical forest, utilizing an extensive inventory of useful native plants that are concertrated by human activity in special forest areas (resource islands, forest fields, forest openings, tuber gardens, agricultural plots, old fields, and trailsides). Long-term transplanting and selection of plants suggest semi-domestication of many species. The overall management strategies of forest also includes many manipulated animal species (birds, fish, bees, mammals) utilized as food and game. Forest patches (ap{\^e}t{\^e}) are created by Indians from campo/cerrado using planting zones made from termite and ants nests mized with mulch: formation and development of these is briefly discussed, including the implementations for new ideas concerning reforestation and campo management. Finally an intergrative cognitive model is presented showing the relationships between variants of forest and savanna recognized by the Kayap{\'o}. Indigenous knowledge of subtle similarities between conceptually distinct ecological units in the model allows for the interchange of botanical material between microclimates to increase biological diversity in managed areas. It is suggested that indigenous knowledge is extremely important in development of new strategies for forest and campo/cerrado conservation, while improving productiveness of these ecological systems. Such knowledge is not only applicable for Amaz{\^o}nian Indians, but also has far-reaching implications for human populations throughout the humid tropics.

}, keywords = {Amazon Basin, cognitive model, forest patch, horticulture, indigenous knowledge, tropical forests}, doi = {10.1007/BF00122640}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00122640}, author = {Darrell Addison Posey} } @book {342, title = {Improved production systems as an alternative to shifting cultivation}, series = {FAO Soils Bulletin no. 53}, year = {1984}, month = {1984}, pages = {201}, publisher = {Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}, organization = {Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}, address = {Rome}, abstract = {Shifting cultivation, under its diverse forms of slash and burn systems, is a traditional method of cultivating tropical upland soils, mostly for subsistence purposes. During the rest or fallow periods intervening between crops, the natural fertility of the soil is restored for renewed utilization in a subsequent period of crop growth. This traditional system of cultivation is in ecological balance with the environment and does not irreversibly degrade the soil resource, provided a sufficient length of fallow is allowed for soil restoration.}, keywords = {agricultural systems, agroecology, agroforestry, alley cropping, appropriate technology and intermediate technology, climate, farming systems, horticulture, livestock, rainfall, research , shifting cultivation, soil management, watersheds}, isbn = {92-5-102121-X}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11418879}, author = {Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Soil Resources, Management and Conservation Service} } @inbook {895, title = {Machiguenga Gardens}, booktitle = {Adaptive responses of native Amazonians}, year = {1983}, note = {Chapter 2}, month = {1983}, pages = {29-63}, publisher = {Academic Press}, organization = {Academic Press}, address = {New York}, abstract = {The present description concerns shifting cultivation among the Machiguenga, Native American inhabitants of the tropical rainforest of the Upper Amazon, specifically, a community on the Kompiroshiato River, a tributary of the Urubamba River in the department of Cuzco, Peru. The language is of the Arawakan family, and is closely allied to that of the Amuesha, Campa, and Piro Indians, who also inhabit the montana of Southeastern Peru. As is typical of the montana region, Machiguenga settlements vary from single families to small hamlets of related families located on a stream that provides clean water for household needs, near a river suitable for fishing, and with abundant forest for hunting and from which gardens are cleared. Population density is 0.3 persons/km2. The Machiguenga spend nearly as much time procuring wild foods as they do cultivating their gardens, but it is from their gardens that the vast bulk of their food derives, including a great overproduction of starchy tubers for food security under isolated and vulnerable living conditions. (author)}, keywords = {cacao, coffee, forest dwellers, horticulture, hunter-gatherer, labor, maize, manioc, Native Americans, rainforests, shifting cultivation, slash and burn, soils, South America, weeds, women, yams}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8827760}, author = {Allen Johnson}, editor = {Raymond B. Hames and William T. Vickers} } @book {418, title = {Wild fruits of the sub-Himalayan region}, year = {1982}, month = {1982}, pages = {xii, 136}, publisher = {Kalyani Publishers [PARMAR]}, organization = {Kalyani Publishers [PARMAR]}, address = {New Delhi}, abstract = {In the present work, the authors have endeavoured to bring out detailed information on various characteristics of morphological, taxonomical, economical and horticultural importance. This information was collected during the course of investigation carried out by them on 26 plants found growing wild in the sub-Himalayan tract yielding edible fruits in an attempt to evaluate these wild fruits from economic and commercial standpoints. To make the work more comprehensive and useful, the authors also consult various other sources including the translations of ancient Sanskrit texts on Ayurveda for compiling all the available information on the medicinal properties and other uses of these plants. The treatise, therefore, carries a detailed information on the phenology, flowering and fruiting seasons, chemical composition, medicinal properties, yield, utilization, scope, etc., in respect of each fruit.}, keywords = {agroforestry, ethnobotany, fruit, Himalayan region, horticulture, India, taxonomy, tree crops}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/9422206}, author = {Chiranjit Parmar and Mitlesh Kumar Kaushal} }