@book {399, title = {The gene hunters: Biotechnology and the scramble for seeds}, series = {African Centre for Technology Studies research series no. 1}, year = {1989}, month = {1989}, pages = {288}, publisher = {Princeton University Press}, organization = {Princeton University Press}, address = {Princeton, NJ}, abstract = {As biotechnology grows in the agricultural world, the race is on for better seeds. The potential impacts resulting from biotechnological advances could be devastating. These changes will be unpredictable transformations in the global organization and distribution of production. This book examines the history of botany in the field of biotechnology. Various topics dealing with plant breeding and the seed industry discuss options Africa has for the future. Intellectual property rights and their protection are discussed. A case study involving germplasm and Kenya{\textquoteright}s agriculture is featured. This is a broad and encompassing discussion of the seed war.}, keywords = {Africa, biodiversity, botany, developing countries, economic policies, food security, forecasting, germplasm resources, intellectual property/germplasm, plant biotechnology, socioeconomics}, isbn = {0-691-00378-5}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19269376}, author = {Calestous Juma} } @article {575, title = {Historical forces in world agriculture and the changing role of international development assistance}, journal = {Agriculture and Human Values}, volume = {5}, year = {1988}, note = {This article from Agriculture and Human Values, 5 (1-2) listed independently.}, month = {Win-Spr 1988}, pages = {77-91}, abstract = {

The first part of this paper discusses five sets of forces that have had a major influence on world agriculture in the post-World War II period. These include:

  1. high rates of population growth in the developing countries
  2. a steady increase in economic integration world-wide, driven by technological breakthroughs in the communication and transportation sectors
  3. major realignments in the values of national currencies
  4. growing distortions in economic policies in both the industrialized and developing countries
  5. growing diffusion of new production technology from the industrialized to the developing countries.

The second part reviews the changing role of international development assistance in support of agriculture in light of these historical forces. Such assistance successively stressed the development of extension services, food aid, institutional development of higher level education institutions, the development of research capacity, and rural development.

A look to the future is the subject of the third part of the paper. This includes a discussion of the difficulties in sustaining U.S. foreign assistance, especially when that nation is letting its own economic house fall into such disarray.

}, keywords = {development assistance, ecology, economic integration, economic policies, economics, education institution, ethics, famine, fisheries, food agricultural economics, gender, history, international development, production technology, rural development}, doi = {10.1007/BF02217179}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02217179}, author = {G. Edward Schuh} }