@book {399, title = {The gene hunters: Biotechnology and the scramble for seeds}, series = {African Centre for Technology Studies research series no. 1}, year = {1989}, month = {1989}, pages = {288}, publisher = {Princeton University Press}, organization = {Princeton University Press}, address = {Princeton, NJ}, abstract = {As biotechnology grows in the agricultural world, the race is on for better seeds. The potential impacts resulting from biotechnological advances could be devastating. These changes will be unpredictable transformations in the global organization and distribution of production. This book examines the history of botany in the field of biotechnology. Various topics dealing with plant breeding and the seed industry discuss options Africa has for the future. Intellectual property rights and their protection are discussed. A case study involving germplasm and Kenya{\textquoteright}s agriculture is featured. This is a broad and encompassing discussion of the seed war.}, keywords = {Africa, biodiversity, botany, developing countries, economic policies, food security, forecasting, germplasm resources, intellectual property/germplasm, plant biotechnology, socioeconomics}, isbn = {0-691-00378-5}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19269376}, author = {Calestous Juma} } @book {374, title = {Permaculture: A designers{\textquoteright} manual}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {576}, publisher = {Tagari Publications}, organization = {Tagari Publications}, address = {Tyalgum, NSW, Australia}, abstract = {

Contains following chapters:

}, keywords = {agricultural ecology, agroforestry, aquatic resources, botany, ethnobotany, horticulture, organic farming, organic gardening}, isbn = {0-908228-01-5}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/945761643}, author = {Bill C. Mollison} } @conference {923, title = {The role of trees in agroforestry: Some comments}, booktitle = {Plant research and agroforestry: Proceedings of a consultative meeting held in Nairobi, 8 to 15 April 1981}, year = {1983}, note = {

Proceedings of a Consultative Meeting held in Nairobi, 8 to 15 April 1981

Chapter 18

}, month = {1983}, pages = {257-270}, publisher = {International Council for Research in Agroforestry}, organization = {International Council for Research in Agroforestry}, address = {Nairobi, Kenya}, abstract = {

In agroforestry land use systems, the woody perennial components (\&$\#$39;trees\&$\#$39;) play a role in both productivity and sustainability. Some general characteristics of woody perennials are outlined and the need to consider the possible advantages or disadvantages of these in relation to specific agroforestry systems is emphasized. In deciding about introducing trees on farm land the challenge is to answer the questions: What trees? How many? How are they best arranged? Answers to the first of these will arise from the many existing and planned trials with multipurpose trees now being established worldwide. This paper addresses mainly the second question: How many trees?

Three-dimensional diagrams are used to illustrate the effects of a replacement series (tree-crop, crop-tree) on changes in total productivity and soil status with time. The types of response surfaces produced are discussed and various \&$\#$39;scenarios\&$\#$39; shown to illustrate the value of this approach. Such diagrams are less a predictive tool than a means of comprehending the plant and environment changes involved.

The final section briefly discusses tree/shrub arrangement, which will depend on management considerations, soil/water conservation needs, and biological aspects of optimizing productivity. (author)

}, keywords = {agriculture, agroforestry, botany, community woodlots, crops, fuelwood, rainforests, tree crops}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11698847}, author = {P. A. Huxley}, editor = {P. A. Huxley} } @conference {932, title = {Village-forest-gardens in West Java}, booktitle = {Plant research and agroforestry: Proceedings of a consultative meeting held in Nairobi, 8 to 15 April 1981}, year = {1983}, month = {1983}, pages = {13-24}, publisher = {International Council for Research in Agroforestry}, organization = {International Council for Research in Agroforestry}, address = {Nairobi, Kenya}, abstract = {Indonesian village-forest-gardens are distinctive types of agroforestry land use. They are species rich and possess sophisticated spatial structures and dynamics. Although mainly centered on subsistence production surplus products can provide a valuable cash income. Sustained yields are achieved under the present system of home-gardens and village-forest-gardens without any significant input of fertilizers or pesticides. They represent, for the mass of the rural population, the only asset for survival and material autonomy. Until recently, they have been studied only cursorily but these systems, which are far from "primitive," have many lessons to teach, and they are still susceptible to improvement if we learn enough about them. The two types of gardens are described in some detail and their importance to the farmer is discussed. (author)}, keywords = {agriculture, agroforestry, botany, congresses, crops, research , tree crops}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11698847}, author = {G Michon}, editor = {Peter A. Huxley} }