@article {678, title = {The ecological and social consequences of conversion to Christianity among the Rungus Dusun of Sabah, Malaysia}, journal = {Contributions to Southeast Asian Ethnography}, volume = {11}, year = {1997}, note = {CIKARD collection contains the 1987 revised copy of the article (manuscript).}, month = {January 1997}, pages = {61-99}, abstract = {This paper looks at the effects of conversion to Christianity amongst the Rungus people of Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo) on the culture and the environment. Some of the consequences proposed include degradation of the forests, deterioration of water systems, and a breakdown of Rungus culture. Also proposed is the possible damage to the nutrient cycle and an increase in health problems. Includes reasons for conversion, outline of traditional Rungus religion, and a summary of traditional swidden agriculture.}, keywords = {ecology, nutrition}, author = {George N. Appell} } @article {669, title = {The animal diet of families from B{\'u}zios Island (Brazil): An optimal foraging approach.}, journal = {Journal of Human Ecology}, volume = {3}, year = {1992}, month = {1992}, pages = {433-458}, abstract = {B{\'u}zios Island and its fishing community is located in southeast Brazil, on the coast of Sao Paulo State. Fish represent 68\% of the animal protein consumed by families from B{\'u}zios. The main issue of this study is to understand how islanders rank animal food, using optimal foraging theory. Meals taken by twelve families were sampled and interviews were performed with islanders. The variables used to understand the food ranking are: calories, proteins, fish prices, fish boniness, availability of resources and "preference" (given by islanders). Fish availability and boniness determine what islanders eat, prefer and sell. Food preferences also influences the consumption of food and price influences the fish harvest. Islanders are partially consuming the high ranked animals, based on a ratio of caloric content/boniness and following predictions of the optimal prey choice model. Moreover, high income families consume more calories, including the top ranked food (jerky). Our results suggest that the inclusion of currencies other than calories in human foraging models are feasible and also necessary to make these models more realistic. (author)}, keywords = {nutrition}, author = {Alpina Begossi and Peter J. Richerson} } @proceedings {478, title = {NFU{\textquoteright}s Annual Conference 1991}, year = {1991}, month = {23-24 May 1991}, publisher = {Norwegian Centre for International Agricultural Development, Agricultural University of Norway; Norwegian Association for Development Research}, address = {Aas [{\r A}s], Norway; Oslo, Norway}, abstract = {

Can researchers from different disciplines, especially the natural and social sciences, work effectively together? Can they complement each other, or are they mutually incompatible, speaking contradictory, or simply different, languages? What can the various disciplines--together or separately--offer to the decision maker? Are the imperatives of research and policy so different that they cannot, and should not, be directly linked? (author)

These issues were addressed at the seventh annual conference of the Norwegian Association for Development Research (NFU). This book contains the papers presented at the conference. Papers presented at the conference covered topics such as:

}, keywords = {Africa, agriculture, agroforestry, agroforestry development, environment, farmer research, farmers, food security, gene resources, interdisciplinary, interdisciplinary research, multidisciplinary teams, natural resources, Norsk forening for utviklingsforskning (NFU), Norwegian Association for Development Research, nutrition, participatory research, property rights, social justice, social sciences, Soil Productivity Research Program (SPRP), sustainable development, Zambia}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/29625062}, author = {NORAGRIC} } @inbook {883, title = {Indigenous resource exploitation}, booktitle = {Ecology and Land Management in Amazonia}, year = {1990}, note = {Chapter 4}, month = {1990}, pages = {62-85}, publisher = {Belhaven Press}, organization = {Belhaven Press}, address = {New York/London}, abstract = {This document looks at various forms of indigenous resource exploitation in the Amazon basin. It details plant and animal (both wild and cultivated) use in the forest, savannas, and wetlands by numerous tribes. European influence is also briefly discussed.}, keywords = {Amazon River region, American Indians, Andoke, anteater, aquatic resources, archaeology, Brazil, Colombia, crop production, environmental policy, fishing, food sources, Guyana, hunter-gatherer, maize, manioc, Native Americans, natural resource conservation, nutrition, Piaroa, polyculture, rainforests, shifting cultivation, South America, swiddens, timber , tubers, Uanano, Venezuela, wetlands, Witoto, Yanomamo}, isbn = {1-85293-118-3; 978-1-85293-118-6}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21195403}, author = {Michael J. Eden} } @book {340, title = {Household food security and forestry: An analysis of socio-economic issues}, year = {1989}, month = {1989}, pages = {147}, publisher = {Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}, organization = {Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}, address = {Rome}, abstract = {The focus of this study is on the socio-economic aspects of forestry{\textquoteright}s role in household food security. It draws together information on household foods and income which are actually derived from activities dependent on tree and forest products. It examines their importance in different situations and among different population groups and how the uses of these resources are changing, focusing particularly on the impacts on the poor and women. The study also addresses the consequences of decreasing forest resources and discusses the implications for forest policy and for management of forests and trees outside the forests.}, keywords = {agroforestry, deforestation, energy, fodder, fuelwood, gardening, gender, honey, nutrition, nuts and seeds, plant foods, women}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21140813}, author = {FAO Forestry Department, Forests, Trees and People [Program]} } @inbook {884, title = {Indigenous soil management in the Amazon basin: Some implications for development}, booktitle = {Fragile lands of Latin America: Strategies for sustainable development}, series = {Westview Special Studies in Social, Political, and Economic Development}, year = {1989}, note = {Chapter 11}, month = {1989}, pages = {166-181}, publisher = {Westview Press}, organization = {Westview Press}, address = {Boulder, CO}, abstract = {This paper focuses on two main issues. First, it discusses the indigenous versus modernization approaches to soil resource management in Amazonian research and development strategies. The production systems of the Kayap{\'o} Indians of southern Para state are compared with those that inform current regional agricultural programs. While indigenous systems are complex, the principles that underlie them are not. Native land management models could be adapted by development planning agencies in a fuller way. Second, the outcomes of Kayap{\'o} and conventional colonist and livestock systems are compared in terms of soil fertility and yields. (author)}, keywords = {American Indians, deforestation, Kayapo, local knowledge, Native Americans, nutrition, pasture, Peru, rainforests, soil degradation, South America, tropical forests, Yurimaguas}, isbn = {0-8133-7705-6; 978-0-8133-7705-6}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18351601}, author = {Susanna B. Hecht}, editor = {John O. Browder} } @article {686, title = {The importance of women to agroforestry in Borneo}, journal = {Pacific Health}, volume = {14}, year = {1981}, month = {1981}, pages = {10-13}, abstract = {In Borneo, a group of mountain people of the Dayak tribe recently moved from their old villages in the mountains to a new home by the coast. Though the Dayaks{\textquoteright} lives have imprioved in many ways, the children are suffering from the great amount of machine-hulled rice in their new diet (machine-hulled rice is less nutricious than hand-hulled rice). One reason for this is the new availability of outside jobs; there is less time to plant and maintain vegetable gardens. Another is the important part played by women in food production; women are often overlooked in agricultural extension projects.
The specific solution here seems to be a strengthening of agroforestry enterprises involving Dayak women. In general, extension efforts should focus on the important food providers in any group, regardless of what gender they might be. (author)}, keywords = {agroforestry, Borneo, Indonesia, nutrition, women}, author = {Carol J. Pierce Colfer} } @inbook {900, title = {Notes on Amerindian agriculture}, booktitle = {Ethnographic notes on Amerindian agriculture}, series = {Savanna Research Series no. 9}, year = {1968}, month = {February 1968}, pages = {21}, publisher = {McGill University, Department of Geography}, organization = {McGill University, Department of Geography}, address = {Montreal}, abstract = {

The purposes of this paper are to examine the techniques of subsistence agriculture as carried out by the Amerindians living in the Rupununi district of southern Guyana, and to suggest possible considerations to be taken into account when attempts are made to impose methods of food production. The pressure of population on available resources is increasing to a serious extent, and it is desirable that some sedentary form of agriculture be developed, together with improved methods of transportation and the opening up of markets for the produce. It is obvious, however, that it is not possible to find one solution only to the problem of improving agriculture in this area. Different solutions must be found to the different situations that exits.

At present, the products of the bitter cassava are the staple of the Amerindian and, as a crop, it is remarkable in many respects. Some of its attributes are: high caloric yield per acre (approximately 4 million calories), drought tolerance, can remain in the ground and be reaped over a period of a year when mature, and will grow in relatively poor soil. Until the Amerindian attempts to produce a variety of crops or tries to develop some more permanent form of agriculture where soil, and possibly, water for irrigation become important, differences in the physical conditions have little effect on the success of cassava as a crop and may possibly have led to an impression that one solution can be found. (author)

}, keywords = {agroforestry, American Indians, Native Americans, nutrition}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/3145451}, author = {M. J. Dummett}, editor = {R. F. Salisbury and J. Dummett and T. L. Hills and D. Cook} }