@article {593, title = {Indigenous natural-resource management systems for sustainable agricultural development: A global perspective}, journal = {Journal of International Development}, volume = {3}, year = {1991}, note = {An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Symposium on Natural Resource Management Systems held at New Delhi, India, 6?II February 1990 See also: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jid.4010030312}, month = {1991}, pages = {387-401}, abstract = {Increasing pressure for food production due to the rapidly growing population has led to the gradual disappearance of numerous indigenous knowledge systems (IKSs) related to natural-resource management. This process exposes the earth{\textquoteright}s natural resources to constant ecological instability (such as loss of genetic diversity) and severe environmental vulnerability (such as soil degradation and soil erosion). Recent research on indigenous natural-resource management systems indicates that they are highly sophisticated and complex, reflecting generations of careful observations of the natural and physical environment. Keeping these in view, a literature review has been conducted to identify major consequences of the disappearance of IKSs related to natural-resource management. An attempt has been made to categorize indigenous natural-resource management systems. IKSs documented from all over the globe and received at the Center for Indigenous Knowledge for Agriculture and Rural Development (CIKARD) were used to illustrate specific instances of locally adapted and economically viable indigenous natural-resource management systems. Such examples were found in indigenous agronomic practices, agroforestry, indigenous genetic resources, and pastoral management. An integrated natural-resource management model has been developed with an overall goal of increasing food production by small-scale farmers with a least amount of deterioration to nature{\textquoteright}s resource base. The salient features of the proposed model include promoting small-scale farmer participation, recording indigenous knowledge systems related to natural resource management, conducting diagnostic interviews, evaluating modern technologies and conducting on-farm farmer-oriented research (OFFOR) trials for integrating indigenous and modern technologies. Careful implementation of such a model could contribute to ameliorating the growing natural-resource problems of the developing world such as soil erosion, environmental degradation, and ecological destruction.}, keywords = {natural resource management, on-farm research, participatory research}, doi = {10.1002/jid.4010030312}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jid.4010030312/abstract}, author = {B. Rajasekaran and D. Michael Warren and S. C. Babu} } @proceedings {478, title = {NFU{\textquoteright}s Annual Conference 1991}, year = {1991}, month = {23-24 May 1991}, publisher = {Norwegian Centre for International Agricultural Development, Agricultural University of Norway; Norwegian Association for Development Research}, address = {Aas [{\r A}s], Norway; Oslo, Norway}, abstract = {

Can researchers from different disciplines, especially the natural and social sciences, work effectively together? Can they complement each other, or are they mutually incompatible, speaking contradictory, or simply different, languages? What can the various disciplines--together or separately--offer to the decision maker? Are the imperatives of research and policy so different that they cannot, and should not, be directly linked? (author)

These issues were addressed at the seventh annual conference of the Norwegian Association for Development Research (NFU). This book contains the papers presented at the conference. Papers presented at the conference covered topics such as:

}, keywords = {Africa, agriculture, agroforestry, agroforestry development, environment, farmer research, farmers, food security, gene resources, interdisciplinary, interdisciplinary research, multidisciplinary teams, natural resources, Norsk forening for utviklingsforskning (NFU), Norwegian Association for Development Research, nutrition, participatory research, property rights, social justice, social sciences, Soil Productivity Research Program (SPRP), sustainable development, Zambia}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/29625062}, author = {NORAGRIC} } @book {355, title = {Joint management for forest lands: Experiences from South Asia}, year = {1990}, month = {January 1990}, pages = {49}, publisher = {Ford Foundation}, organization = {Ford Foundation}, address = {New Delhi, India}, abstract = {This paper briefly examines three regions within South Asia where poor land management is causing environmental degradation and social and economic problems for rural communities. Within each setting, an example is given of a government agency which is attempting to improve land management through partnerships with community groups. The experiences of each program are discussed and assesed in terms of the productivity, equity, and sustainability of emerging joint management systems. The paper concludes by describing Foundation efforts to support forest agencies developing new approaches to participatory management. (author)}, keywords = {agroforestry, Bengal, common property, community forestry, India, land tenure, land use, Nepal, participatory research, social forestry}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/24551289}, author = {Mark Poffenberger} } @book {356, title = {Keepers of the forest: Land management alternatives in southeast Asia}, series = {Kumarian Press library of management for development}, year = {1990}, month = {December 1990}, pages = {289}, publisher = {Ateneo De Manila University Press; Kumarian Press}, organization = {Ateneo De Manila University Press; Kumarian Press}, address = {Manilia, Philipinnes; West Hartford, CT}, abstract = {

Contains following chapters:

  1. The evolution of forest management systems in southeast Asia (Mark Poffenberger);
  2. A history of state forest management in Java (Nancy Lee Peluso);
  3. The changing upland landscape of the northern Philippines (Percy E. Sajise and Elizabeth A. Omegan);
  4. Forces and policy issues affecting forest use in northeast Thailand (James A. Hafner);
  5. Facilitating change in forestry bureaucracies (Mark Poffenberger);
  6. Diagnostic tools for social forestry; (Jefferson Fox)
  7. Communal forest leases as a tenurial option in the Philippine uplands (Luzviminda B. Cornista and Eva F. Escue);
  8. Identifying appropriate agroforestry technologies in Java (Carol Stoney and Mulyadi Bratamihardj);
  9. Evolving management systems in Thailand (Kamon Pragtong and David E. Thoma);
  10. Migrant farmers and the shrinking forests of northeast Thailand (James A. Hafner and Yaoxvalak Apichatvullop);
  11. Reorienting forest management on Java (Nancy Lee Peluso, Mark Poffenberger and Frances Seymour);
  12. Community participation for conservation area management in the Cyclops Mountains, Irian Jaya, Indonesia (Arthur Mitchell, Yance de Fretes, and Mark Poffenberger);
  13. The growth of the Philippine social forest program (Christopher Gibbs, Edwin Payuan, and Romulo del Castill);
  14. Social forestry in Cebu (Salve B. Borlagdan); and
  15. Steps towards establishing collaborative management (Mark Poffenberger).
}, keywords = {agroforestry, common property, commons, community forestry, cooperatives, deforestation, empowerment, forest management, forestry, land tenure, land use, land use, rural, participatory research, social aspects, southeast Asia, trees}, isbn = {971-550-010-2; 9789715500104}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/20263005}, editor = {Mark Poffenberger} } @article {691, title = {The need to build upon farmer practice and knowledge: Reminders from selected upland conservation projects and policies}, journal = {Agroforestry Systems}, volume = {9}, year = {1989}, month = {October 1989}, pages = {141-153}, abstract = {

On-farm research and development projects in SE Asia\&$\#$39;s uplands have addressed problems of ecosystems degradation. Farmer adoption, however, of land conservation technologies has generally not resulted or has not been sustainable. This paper examines four agroforestry projects and two policy approaches meant to protect upland resources. Promoted innovations and farmer adoption are described. Six lessons are reemphasized:

Overall, variable scale diagnosis and design that is unbiased towards pre-selected technologies is needed. Lessons learned contributed to farmer-participatory agroforestry research being conducted in an upland rice-based system in the Philippines. (author)

}, keywords = {adoption, agriculture, conservation, diagnosis and design, farmer knowledge, farmer participation, farmer practice, forestry, labor, participatory research, resource management, rice, slash and burn, soil erosion, sustainability, swiddens, upland farming}, doi = {10.1007/BF00168259}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00168259}, author = {S. Fujisaka} } @inbook {807, title = {Trees, people and the dry lands: The role of local knowledge}, booktitle = {Agroforestry development in Kenya: Proceedings of the Second Kenya National Seminar on Agroforestry}, year = {1988}, note = {Paper presented to Second Kenya National Seminar on Agroforestry}, month = {Nov. 7-16 1988}, publisher = {Institute of Forestry}, organization = {Institute of Forestry}, address = {Nairobi, Kenya}, abstract = {The importance of traditional knowledge as a tool in development is discussed in broad terms, its relevance to the change process and as to why it has not been fully utilized in the past. Pokot and Turkana transhumant silvo-pastoral systems are discussed in a broad land management perspective and then as they relate to individual tree species, their utilization and management. This is then briefly compared to the Sukuma (in Tanzania) agro-silvo-pastoral system. In all cases the people of the area display a rich and detailed local knowledge base as it relates to the environment and ecology. This comprises a detailed ethnobotanical knowledge as it relates to species utilization and their management, which is then related to broad land management systems which, especially in Pokot and Turkana are both environmentally sound, ecologically viable and culturally acceptable. Why then are such systems and knowledge bases not utilized? This is then related to traditional conservatism and constraints pertaining to such lands. In realizing that the traditional base is not perfect, ways are discussed as to how the people and the knowledge base can be brought into the focus of development and change, particularly in the silvo-pastoral context. This is based on a participatory sharing extension approach which identifies potential and constraints in the traditional base combined with problem identification and solution finding. The example of the Turkana Rural Development Programme{\textquoteright}s forestry sector is used to show how this can be achieved (or at least partly so) in a large district such as Turkana whose people are mobile and widely spaced. It is discussed in terms of extension approaches used, feedback from such work and the impact of the work to date. It is likewise shown that such work can fit into current day development thinking as a means of relating the local knowledge base to the present day. The conclusion challenges researchers and developers alike in terms of giving a real and meaningful emphasis to the traditional database, of relating their work to it and keeping the focus of such work on the people who live in such areas. Such pastoral people do not compartmentalize their lives into discrete boxes as Research and Development tends to do. This is not possible especially in the arid and semi-arid lands and especially as relates to silvo-pastoralism. The threads are too interlinked. The basis for change and improvement lies with making the people of the area the focus, making them responsible for their environment through the use of the traditional knowledge base as a foundation stone for sustainable real development, as if people matter. (author)}, keywords = {participatory research}, author = {Edmund G. C. Barrow} } @inbook {926, title = {The user perspective and the agroforestry research and action agenda}, booktitle = {Agroforestry: Realities, possibilities and potentials}, year = {1987}, note = {Chapter 6}, month = {July 26-31,1987}, pages = {59-87}, publisher = {Martin Nijhoff Publishers in cooperation with ICRAF, distributors for the U.S. and Canada, Kluwer Academic Publishers.}, organization = {Martin Nijhoff Publishers in cooperation with ICRAF, distributors for the U.S. and Canada, Kluwer Academic Publishers.}, address = {Dordrecht, Netherlands}, abstract = {

This paper focuses on the user perspective and the agroforestry research and action agenda. The main points are that tapping farmer expertise and experience can provide information and judgment and \"successful\" technologies can often have a negative effect on specific groups. (author)

This document looks at why there is a need for a user perspective in tropical research and development, especially for agroforestry projects. It also looks at what agroforestry is used for and for whom is serves. The design and practice in rural areas where the landscape presents a challenge to agroforestry is looked at. Indigenous knowledge and agroforestry is discussed along with the four foci of a user perspective in agroforestry. It provides the agroforestry research and action agenda and it answers the question of: How can institutions develop and apply a user perspective for projects?

}, keywords = {farmer participatory research, on-farm research, participatory research, watersheds, women}, isbn = {90-247-3590-4}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/16352684}, author = {Dianne E. Rocheleau}, editor = {Henry L. Gholz} }