@article {439, title = {Traditional agriculture and plant pathology (TAPP) database [ASCII format for the Macintosh]}, year = {1990}, month = {1990}, publisher = {Cornell University Department of Plant Pathology}, address = {Ithaca, NY}, abstract = {The authors{\textquoteright} goal in developing this resource was to bring together as many as possible of the published materials on practices used by traditional farmers to manage plant diseases. The database in its present form is far from an exhaustive collection, and is an attempt to bring together the collective knowledge of several heretofore diverse disciplines. The authors hope that in doing so they have laid the groundwork for further collaboration among plant pathologists, social scientists, and othes with an interest in enhancing the vitality and viability of traditional farmers around the world.}, keywords = {agroforestry, biological control, crop density, diversity, fallow, fire, flooding, habitat selection, heat, hilling, minimum tillage, mixed gardens, mulching, multiple cropping, multistorey cropping, organic matter, pesticides, planting date, pruning, resistance, roguing, rotations, sanitation, seed treatment, selection, shade, sowing depth, storage, terraces, tillage, weeds}, author = {H. David Thurston and Neil R. Miller} } @inbook {850, title = {Agricultural systems on the floodplains of the Peruvian Amazon}, booktitle = {Fragile lands of Latin America: Strategies for sustainable development}, series = {Westview special studies in social, political, and economic development}, year = {1989}, note = {Chapter 5}, month = {1989}, pages = {75-100}, publisher = {Westview Press}, organization = {Westview Press}, address = {Boulder, CO}, abstract = {The "development" of Amazonia continues unabated. Governments sharing the basin are promoting the occupation of the region for reasons that range from land pressures occasioned by inequitable land tenure systems or population pressure, expansion of food and fiber production to meet domestic needs or foreign exchange earnings, to exploitation of natural resources. Development models, however, have been based on those extraneous to the region. This chapter explores those models and systems. (author)}, keywords = {agroforestry, American Indians, climate, fallow, flora, local knowledge, Native Americans, Peru, rainfall, river, shifting cultivation, South America, swiddens}, isbn = {0-8133-7705-6}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18351601}, author = {M{\'a}rio Hiraoka}, editor = {John O. Browder} } @book {372, title = {People of the tropical rain forest}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {231}, publisher = {University of California Press}, organization = {University of California Press}, address = {Berkeley, CA}, abstract = {A compilation of writings some of which are incomplete. Beginning with chapter five this is an incomplete book about the specific people of the rain forest. It starts with the Indian National Resource management, Hill People of Northern Thailand, Hunters and Farmers of the African Forest, and people of the floodplain and forest. Not only does this excerpt discuss the Indians of Amazonia, but also discusses the regions. It also discusses the way each of the tribes make their living and how they use the resources around them. The last thing the chapter talks of is the ribere{\~n}os{\textquoteright} lives beyond the village. The excerpt includes many pictures and a few graphs.}, keywords = {Amazon, boats, Brazil, canoes, Central America, fallow, Native Americans, rainforests, slash and burn, smallholders, South America, swiddens, tribal peoples, tropical forests}, isbn = {0-520-06295-7; 0-520-06351-1}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/59892476}, editor = {Julie Sloan Denslow and Christine Padoch} } @article {720, title = {Weinstock{\textquoteright}s analogy}, journal = {Human Ecology}, volume = {15}, year = {1987}, month = {March 1987}, pages = {109-111}, abstract = {This article concerns the problem surrounding the comparison of South American and Southeast Asian swidden (slash and burn) systems. Topics discussed include the "apples and oranges" debate as well as root crop/seed crop cultivation, species diversity, and intent of production.}, keywords = {biodiversity, fallow, South America, southeast Asia}, doi = {10.1007/BF00891374}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/4602834}, author = {Stephen Beckerman} } @article {840, title = {The implications of farming systems analysis for land titling in the area of Quimistan, Santa Barbara, Honduras}, year = {1986}, note = {CIKARD copy is a draft}, month = {January 1986}, institution = {Institute for Environmental Studies, Land Tenure Center}, address = {University of Wisconsin-Madison}, abstract = {

This document summarizes a farming systems analysis carried out in the region of Quimistan, Department of Santa Barbara, Honduras, during January 1986. The work was done as a part of the Land Tenure Center\&$\#$39;s evaluation of the Honduran Land Titling Project. Our objectives were to characterize the agricultural systems and land use practices in the area, to identify problems and constraints related to land use, and to assess actual and potential impacts of the land titling project on agriculture in the region. The study is comprised of two parts:

  1. an agro-ecological characterization of the zone and
  2. detailed case studies of eight farming systems.
}, keywords = {agroforestry, crop rotation, fallow, fertilizer, firewood, fuelwood, herbicide, land tenure, manure, peasant community, pesticides, shifting cultivation, slash and burn, trees, tropical forests}, author = {Becky J. Brown and Alexander Coles} } @inbook {897, title = {Mountain people in the Philippines: Ethnographic contributions to upland development}, booktitle = {Man, agriculture and the tropical forest: Change and development in the Philippine uplands}, year = {1986}, note = {Chapter 3}, month = {1986}, pages = {49-51 and 76-85 [43-85]}, publisher = {Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development}, organization = {Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development}, address = {Bangkok, Thailand}, abstract = {A crisis of deforestation and consequent soil erosion looms in many southeast Asian upland ecosystems. Blame for this problem has been attributed to both slash and burn agriculturalists or timber extraction industries. To the extent that the actions of uplanders rather than legal and illegal logging are seen as being responsible for diminishing forest reserves, a growing demand exists among policy-makers and foresters for a more holistic, interdisciplinary approach to appropriate intervention strategies. Anthropologists are now frequently incorporated into technical programs and are given a growing recognition that economic change cannot be understood adequately in isolation from the social institutional framework. Recent efforts in social forestry, for example, suggest that anthropological perspectives have direct practical applicability to development programs.}, keywords = {agroforestry, animal feed, community forestry, fallow, fuelwood, medicine, rice, swiddens}, isbn = {0933595123; 9780933595125}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18193024}, author = {Susan D. Russell}, editor = {Sam Fujisaka and Percy E. Sajise and Romulo del Castillo} } @article {582, title = {Indigenous agroforestry in the Peruvian Amazon: Bora Indian management of swidden fallows}, journal = {Interciencia}, volume = {9}, year = {1984}, month = {Nov.-Dec. 1984}, pages = {346-357}, abstract = {The purpose of this paper is to examine the swidden fallows of an Amazon native group, the Bora of eastern Peru, with the objective of demonstrating how fields are gradually abandoned. This contrasts with most studies of shifting cultivation which focus on why fields are abandoned, and which present a sharp distinction between the field (swidden) and the abandoned field (fallow). For the Bora there is no clear transition between swidden and fallow, but rather a continuum from a swidden dominated by cultivated plants to an old fallow composed entirely of natural vegetation. Thirty-five years or more may be required before the latter condition prevails. Abandonment is not a moment in time but rather a process over time. (author)}, keywords = {ethnobotany, fallow, multistory, Native Americans, Peru, swiddens}, author = {William M. Denevan and John M. Treacy and Janis B. Alcorn and Christine Padoch and Julie Sloan Denslow and Salvadore Flores Pait{\'a}n} } @article {729, title = {Agroforestry practices in the dry regions}, year = {1980}, month = {October 1981}, pages = {419-434}, publisher = {ICRAF}, address = {Nairobi, Kenya}, abstract = {

Several diagrams are included which relate to the items listed below.

This document looks at agroforestry practices in regions characterized by prolonged dry seasons of eight to ten months, low summer rainfall of 200 to 600 mm, exhibiting high yearly fluctuations and high temperatures which often exceed 40C. In this region evaporation, which is accelerated by high temperatures and dry wind currents, is very high, possibly reaching over 20 mm/day during the hotest months. (author)

Sections in this document include: land use practices in Kenya; and, examples of agroforestry practices--Gum Gardens in the Sudan, the Bougag{\'e} Land Rotation System in Niger, and, the use of multi-purpose farm trees.

}, keywords = {Africa, crop rotation, fallow, fuelwood, multipurpose tree species, shifting cultivation}, author = {A. G. Seif el Din}, editor = {Louise Buck} } @article {552, title = {El manejo de las selvas por los Mayas: Sus implicaciones silv{\'\i}colas y agr{\'\i}colas}, journal = {Bi{\'o}tica}, volume = {2}, year = {1977}, month = {1977}, pages = {47-61}, abstract = {

The Maya culture is one of the very few outstanding cultures that flourished in a tropical rain forest area. Their land use strategies, as a part of the great Middle America civilization, for agriculture, horticulture and forestry remain up to date scattered among the Maya communities that have conserved their Indian heritage. They are based in a diversity of crops and land uses that are adopted to the different climatic regions of the Maya area. They used the space in the past in a magnificent way using horizontal and vertical strategies. They had channels, terraces and drained fields for intensive agriculture. They used shifting agriculture in soils where no other alternative seemed to be better. They used their wild plant resources and developed forest practices to enrich their forest with desirable species composition. The present floristic composition of many rain forests of the Maya area is a result of ancient silviculture practices. All of these practices were part of a single land use strategy. For these reasons we cannot blame the fall of the Maya culture to an \"ecological collapse\" as has been proposed.

We feel that the answer can be found in economic, political and social reasons. There is a lot to learn from the Mayans to solve some of the present day problems for the management of biotic resources of the tropics. (author)

}, keywords = {ecology, fallow, Mexico, Native Americans, tropical forests}, url = {http://www.reservaeleden.org/agp/libro/lec/Cap23_manejo_selvas.pdf}, author = {A. Barrera and A. Gomez-Pompa and C. Vazquez-Yans} }