@article {593, title = {Indigenous natural-resource management systems for sustainable agricultural development: A global perspective}, journal = {Journal of International Development}, volume = {3}, year = {1991}, note = {An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Symposium on Natural Resource Management Systems held at New Delhi, India, 6?II February 1990 See also: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jid.4010030312}, month = {1991}, pages = {387-401}, abstract = {Increasing pressure for food production due to the rapidly growing population has led to the gradual disappearance of numerous indigenous knowledge systems (IKSs) related to natural-resource management. This process exposes the earth{\textquoteright}s natural resources to constant ecological instability (such as loss of genetic diversity) and severe environmental vulnerability (such as soil degradation and soil erosion). Recent research on indigenous natural-resource management systems indicates that they are highly sophisticated and complex, reflecting generations of careful observations of the natural and physical environment. Keeping these in view, a literature review has been conducted to identify major consequences of the disappearance of IKSs related to natural-resource management. An attempt has been made to categorize indigenous natural-resource management systems. IKSs documented from all over the globe and received at the Center for Indigenous Knowledge for Agriculture and Rural Development (CIKARD) were used to illustrate specific instances of locally adapted and economically viable indigenous natural-resource management systems. Such examples were found in indigenous agronomic practices, agroforestry, indigenous genetic resources, and pastoral management. An integrated natural-resource management model has been developed with an overall goal of increasing food production by small-scale farmers with a least amount of deterioration to nature{\textquoteright}s resource base. The salient features of the proposed model include promoting small-scale farmer participation, recording indigenous knowledge systems related to natural resource management, conducting diagnostic interviews, evaluating modern technologies and conducting on-farm farmer-oriented research (OFFOR) trials for integrating indigenous and modern technologies. Careful implementation of such a model could contribute to ameliorating the growing natural-resource problems of the developing world such as soil erosion, environmental degradation, and ecological destruction.}, keywords = {natural resource management, on-farm research, participatory research}, doi = {10.1002/jid.4010030312}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jid.4010030312/abstract}, author = {B. Rajasekaran and D. Michael Warren and S. C. Babu} } @article {740, title = {Research-client linkages: The role of NGOs in agroforestry/natural resource management technology \& transfer}, year = {1990}, note = {AFNETA-IITA invited paper.}, month = {October 1990}, publisher = {Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development}, address = {Little Rock, AR}, abstract = {An overview of the topic is given, followed by an analysis of comparative advantages of NGO/research entity linkages. What can be gained by each of the three sets of actors -- NGOs, research entities, and clients of the research -- is briefly discussed. Based on the appended three case studies of Winrock projects, a comparative analysis and matrix are developed. Finally, recommendations for future action are given. Examples throughout the text are drawn primarily, though not exclusively, from Winrock projects.}, keywords = {farmer participatory research, on-farm research}, author = {Diana de Treville} } @book {377, title = {Planning self-help forestry projects in Asia}, year = {1987}, note = {Based on the Workshop on Planning Self-Help Fuelwood Projects in Asia 1987 February 2-13 Chiang Mai and Khon Kaen, Thailand}, month = {[1987?]}, pages = {84}, publisher = {Swedish International Development Authority and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}, organization = {Swedish International Development Authority and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}, address = {[Rome]; [unidentified]}, abstract = {The purpose of the Workshop was to introduce participants to concepts and methods of self-help forestry planning. The Workshop content was primarily developed through the process of participatory learning, relying heavily on direct inputs and involvement by the participants and less on formal papers. A great deal of time was spent on field trips and group discussions, covering both the field exercises and the participants{\textquoteright} analyses of their own countries{\textquoteright} conditions. This report is designed both to review theoretical concepts and to provide practical guidelines to facilitate self-help forestry planning. The report reflects the stated emphasis of the Self-Help Workshop, which covers three main points: 1) the role of trees in farming systems, with particular emphasis on indigenous knowledge and traditional resource management in Asia; 2) the importance of local participation; factors affecting participation, and means of facilitating participation; and 3) the integrated approach to project planning which addresses the needs, attitudes and constraints of the local population.}, keywords = {agroforestry, farmer participatory research, fuelwood, on-farm research, tree planting}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19318420}, author = {SIDA (Swedish International Development Authority/Styrelsen f{\"o}r internationell utveckling) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)} } @conference {796, title = {Seeing the forest for the trees}, booktitle = {Paper presented at Farming Systems Research Symposium: How Systems Work, October 18-21, 1987}, year = {1987}, month = {October 1987}, address = {University of Arkansas}, abstract = {A grassroots approach to implementing alley farming is described in this paper. The approach emphasizes the participation and cooperation of Nigerian farm households in farming systems research. Strategies were developed to present the critical concepts of alley farming in a culturally acceptable, sustainable, and self-perpetuating manner. Findings are based on three years of field work with the International Livestock Center of Africa and the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture.}, keywords = {Africa, agroforestry, alley farming, cassia, Cassia siamea, farming, farming systems research , fertilizer, FSR\&D, grassroots organizations, IITA, ILCA, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, International Livestock Center for Africa, legume, luecaena, Nigeria, OFR, on-farm research}, author = {Kristin Cashman} } @inbook {926, title = {The user perspective and the agroforestry research and action agenda}, booktitle = {Agroforestry: Realities, possibilities and potentials}, year = {1987}, note = {Chapter 6}, month = {July 26-31,1987}, pages = {59-87}, publisher = {Martin Nijhoff Publishers in cooperation with ICRAF, distributors for the U.S. and Canada, Kluwer Academic Publishers.}, organization = {Martin Nijhoff Publishers in cooperation with ICRAF, distributors for the U.S. and Canada, Kluwer Academic Publishers.}, address = {Dordrecht, Netherlands}, abstract = {

This paper focuses on the user perspective and the agroforestry research and action agenda. The main points are that tapping farmer expertise and experience can provide information and judgment and \"successful\" technologies can often have a negative effect on specific groups. (author)

This document looks at why there is a need for a user perspective in tropical research and development, especially for agroforestry projects. It also looks at what agroforestry is used for and for whom is serves. The design and practice in rural areas where the landscape presents a challenge to agroforestry is looked at. Indigenous knowledge and agroforestry is discussed along with the four foci of a user perspective in agroforestry. It provides the agroforestry research and action agenda and it answers the question of: How can institutions develop and apply a user perspective for projects?

}, keywords = {farmer participatory research, on-farm research, participatory research, watersheds, women}, isbn = {90-247-3590-4}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/16352684}, author = {Dianne E. Rocheleau}, editor = {Henry L. Gholz} }