@proceedings {347, title = {Indigenous knowledge and sustainable development: 25 selected papers presented at the international symposium held by the International Institute of Rural Reconstruction, September 20-26, 1992}, year = {1993}, publisher = {Regional Program for the Promotion of Indigenous Knowledge in Asia, International Institute of Rural Reconstruction}, address = {Silang, Cavite, Philippines}, abstract = {

Contains the following papers:

}, keywords = {agricultural innovations, aquaculture, congresses, ecology, fish culture, Java, Kasepuhan, rice, rice-fish culture, sustainable development}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/820560133}, author = {International Institute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR)} } @conference {794, title = {Rice and fish: Dual function of rice fields among the Kasepuhan people in West Java}, booktitle = { Indigenous knowledge and sustainable development: 25 selected papers presented at the international symposium held by the International Institute of Rural Reconstruction, September 20-26, 1992}, year = {1992}, month = {Sept. 21-25 1992}, publisher = {International Institute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR)}, organization = {International Institute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR)}, address = {Silang, Cavite, Philippines}, abstract = {

In West Java there is a group of people whose social world is considered to be almost completely based on traditional manners and custom. This particular community is the Kasepuhan people. They live on the slope of Mt. Halimun in the southern part of West Java. The Kasepuhan people still practice swidden agriculture, as well as wet rice agriculture. Until now they have refused the government proposal to change the planting and harvesting of rice from one to two times a year. This proposal is in conflict with their traditional belief. However, the government looks at this refusal as a protest to their agriculture development policy.

During the period of rest in the rice paddy field, fish are raised. This process brings economic as well as ecological benefits for the Kasepuhan people.

}, keywords = {aquaculture, ecology, fish culture, Java, Kasepuhan, rice, rice-fish culture}, author = {Kusnaka Adimihardja} } @conference {798, title = {The adaptation of rice-fish culture technology: The case of Mang lsko in Cavite, Philippines}, booktitle = {Paper presented at the second Asian regional workshop on rice-fish research and development, October 24-28, Central Luzon State University, Munoz, Nueva Ecija. Philippines.}, year = {1989}, note = {

May also be published as Fermin, F.V. 1992. The adaptation of rice-fish farming technology: the case of Mang Isko in Cavite, Philippines, p. 333-338. In C.R. De la Cruz, C. Lightfoot, B.A. Costa-Pierce, V.R. Carangal and M.P. Bimbao (eds.) Rice-fish research and development in Asia. ICLARM Conf. Proc. 24, 457 pp.

}, month = {Oct. 24-28, 1989}, publisher = {Central Luzon State University, Munoz}, organization = {Central Luzon State University, Munoz}, address = {Nueva Ecija, Philippines}, abstract = {One of the IIRR{\textquoteright}s goals is to improve the quality of life of the rural poor and to achieve this objective, it assists the rural poor to identify and start potential alternative sources of supplemental income, at the same time providing fish for family consumption and addressing their nutritional requirements. One possible approach is rice-fish culture.}, keywords = {Philippines, rice-fish culture}, author = {Frank Fermin} } @mastersthesis {445, title = {Philippine rural cultivators in transition: Operational reality and cognized models in agricultural decision making}, year = {1987}, month = {1987}, school = {University of Kentucky}, address = {Lexington, Kentucky}, abstract = {

A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy at The University of Kentucky.

This study investigates the agricultural decision making processes and patterns of different categories of individuals and households in a rural Philippine community. The variability of adaptive responses to changing social, economic, and ecological conditions is analyzed in relation to indigenous knowledge systems and the decision maker\&$\#$39;s position in the internal differentiation of society.

Cognized models are conceptualized as personal and cultural constructs in the mind of the decision maker while operational reality is defined as the objective, material referent which provides the context, opportunities, and constraints in agricultural decision making. Examination and comparison of graphic mental maps and local criteria of major land use options revealed a patterning in the social distribution of indigenous knowledge that is influenced by the individual\&$\#$39;s socioeconomic status and gender.

Sexual division of labor has sensitized males and females to different aspects of their environment as evidenced by the difference in relative salience of community infrastructure, services, and resources to males and females. Likewise, in terms of socioeconomic standing, differences were observed among informants in their cognizance of various alternative or innovative options. It appears that high socioeconomic status individuals are the most knowledgeable about various features in their environment and also possess the most compact and general models for causes, consequences, and relationships obtaining in both agriculture and aquaculture.

It is argued that access to resources and access to knowledge are mutually reinforcing\—a property that would tend to accelerate polarization and asymmetric relations. Social knowledge appeared to be differentially distributed due to the socialization each individual receives in his or her niche. Such socialization imbues the individual with different selective filters\—or pre-attentive patterns\—which make him or her unconsciously regard some options as non-feasible or undesirable. Choices regarding time allocation, food consumption, and land use are constrained, leading to behavioral outcomes that may not be logical from the point of view of maximization. However, those below, whose latitude for decision making appears to be the most narrow still have some leeway for \"working the system.\" The operational reality seems to be wide enough to admit the possibility of social mobility for those endowed with resourcefulness and entrepreneurial skills.

}, keywords = {farmer experimentation, innovation, rice-fish culture, social structure decision-making, women}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19564885}, author = {Virginia D. Nazarea-Sandoval} }