@article {521, title = {Biodiversity prospecting}, journal = {Geneflow}, volume = {12}, year = {1994}, month = {1994}, pages = {43-82}, abstract = {In September 1991, the Institiuto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), a Costa Rican private non-profit organization and the U.S. pharmaceutical firm Merck \& Company entered into an agreement on {\textquoteright}biodiversity prospecting{\textquoteright} - the exploration of biodiversity of commercially valuable genetic resources. Under the terms of the agreement, Merck provided over US$1million for a limited number of extracts from accessions gathered by Costa Rican ecochemists. The partners have agreed on a royalty-sharing system if any of the material is commercialized. (author)}, keywords = {intellectual property rights}, author = {Anonymous} } @article {430, title = {BOS Newsletter}, volume = {13}, year = {1994}, note = {Entire issue}, month = {[1994]}, abstract = {

In this issue:

}, keywords = {AGRICOLA, Brazil, CGIAR, CIFOR, communications, dye, EC, ethnobotany, ethnomedicine, ethnosoil, FAO, GUF, ICRAF, IUCN, legume, Mexico, pedology, Peru, pulses, rattan, taxonomy, TFAP, timber , UNCTAD, vegetables, World Bank, World Conservation Union}, author = {BOS} } @conference {757, title = {Biodiversity and African anthropogenic landscapes: Two case studies from Sierra Leone}, booktitle = {Paper presented at Annual Meeting of the U.S. African Studies Association, 4-7 December 1993, Boston}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, publisher = {[U.S. African Studies Association]}, organization = {[U.S. African Studies Association]}, address = {Boston, MA}, abstract = {This document reviews two case studies of biodiversity in human-affected landscapes in Sierra Leone. Both plant and animal (especially birds) diversity is discussed.}, keywords = {biodiversity, genetic resources, West Africa}, author = {H. Kandeh and S. Bobor and P. Richards} } @book {300, title = {Boundaries of home: Mapping for local empowerment}, series = {The New catalyst bioregional series no. 6}, year = {1993}, month = {1993}, pages = {138 pp.}, publisher = {New Society Publishers}, organization = {New Society Publishers}, address = {Gabriola Island, BC, Canada}, abstract = {This book discusses the making of maps as a means of getting to know one{\textquoteright}s locality and as a means of local empowerment. Various mapmaking applications are discussed, of varying degrees of sophistication, mostly in the contest of California and British Columbia. Locally made maps are important because they (1) acquaint the local people with their land and resources, and (2) they make it harder for outside agencies to exploit the local people unfairly.}, keywords = {cartography, environmental mapping, human ecology, landscape changes, maps}, isbn = {1-55092-207-6}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/28497226}, editor = {Doug Aberley} } @article {814, title = {Bridging project in international studies}, year = {1993}, month = {Spring 1993}, institution = {Ford Foundation}, abstract = {

Contents:

}, keywords = {biodiversity, democratization, eastern Europe, gender, Soviet Republics, sustainable development} } @article {433, title = {The Bulletin}, volume = {19}, year = {1993}, note = {Entire issue}, month = {March 1993}, abstract = {

Contents:

} } @article {434, title = {The Bulletin}, volume = {20}, year = {1993}, note = {Entire issue}, month = {June 1993}, abstract = {

Contents:

} } @article {435, title = {The Bulletin}, volume = {22}, year = {1993}, note = {Entire issue}, month = {March 1994}, abstract = {

Contents:

} } @article {524, title = {Building on local knowledge: The challenge of agroforestry for pastoral areas}, journal = {Agroforestry Today (Kenya)}, volume = {3}, year = {1991}, month = {10/1991-12/1991}, pages = {3-7}, abstract = {

Edmund Barrow, who has worked with East African pastoralists for more than 15 years, believes that pastoral communities have a lot to offer agroforesters. The value of their indigenous knowledge is at last being recognised by researchers and development workers. But there was a time when much of it was ignored. Here he shares some of his experience. (author)

This paper deals with the disappearance of indigenous ecological knowledge of pastoral peoples in dryland Africa. Specifically dealt with are the Pokot of Kenya, The Sukuma of Tanzania, and the Turkana also of Kenya. The paper focuses on the intrinsic environmental knowledge that pastoralists have because of their isolation and harsh living conditions.

}, keywords = {cowpeas, East Africa, gender, Kenya, maize, pastoralism, Pokot, Sukuma, Turkana, women}, author = {Edmund G. C. Barrow} } @article {486, title = {The BAIF Journal (entire issue)}, volume = {10}, year = {1990}, note = {BAIF (Bharatiya Agro Industries Foundation)}, month = {April 1990}, pages = {20}, abstract = {

Contents:

} } @article {670, title = {The banana (Musa spp.) Coffee robusta: Traditional agroforestry system of Uganda}, journal = {Agroforestry Systems}, volume = {11}, year = {1990}, month = {September 1990}, pages = {213-226}, abstract = {Banana (Musa spp.) with Coffee robusta, a traditional agroforestry system in Uganda, is a purely mixed cropping system managed on a sustained production basis. The basic primary production is banana as a main food crop and Coffee robusta as the main cash crop. The variety of trees deliberately retained, managed and planted, animals and crops in the system are managed by the farmers to maximize production by supplying timber, fruits, fuelwood, fodder, food, medicinal and other miscellaneous uses.}, keywords = {agroforestry, bananas, coffee, home gardens, medicinal plants, mixed cropping, multipurpose trees, traditional agroforestry, Uganda}, doi = {10.1007/BF00045900}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00045900}, author = {Peter A. Oduol and J. R. W. Aluma} } @article {522, title = {Book Reviews}, journal = {H\&J}, year = {1988}, month = {June 1988}, abstract = {

Book reviews:

}, author = {David Brokensha} } @inbook {918, title = {The Brazilian fiber belt: Harvest and management of Piassava palm (Attalea funifera Mart.)}, booktitle = {The palm -- Tree of life: Biology, utilization, and conservation symposium at the 1986 Annual Meeting of the Society for Economic Botany, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, 13-14 June 1986}, series = {Advances in Economic Botany no. 6}, year = {1988}, month = {1988}, pages = {254-267}, publisher = {New York Botanical Garden}, organization = {New York Botanical Garden}, address = {New York}, abstract = {

Piassava palm (Attalea funifera Mart.) is endemic to the coastal restinge forests of Bahia, Brazil. Its durable water resistant fiber has been commercially exploited since the 1500s, first in the fashioning of ship\&$\#$39;s anchor ropes and later in the manufacture of brooms and brushes. Although still destructively exploited on unattended land, piassava is increasingly being protected and managed as a valuable perennial crop. The leaf fibers harvested either seasonally or on a continuous basis, depending on the competing interests of the cutters and land owners. Management strategies for piassava habitat include:

  1. benign neglect
  2. burning
  3. planting

During burning, piassava\&$\#$39;s deep subterranean stems escape the flames, allowing this species to survive and numerically dominate the post-fire environment. Although widespread, the use of fire to \"improve\" piassave habitat is temporally infrequent. Land owners began planting on an experimental basis in the 1970s. Although geographical differences in fiber quality are recognized, planting is carried out exclusively with seed from local sources.

Piasava fiber exports have steadily declined since the beginning of this century due to over-exploitation and competition with other natural as well as synthetic materials. This situation has been aggravated by the rising value of the U.S. dollar. Export losses have been more than balanced, however, by the growing demand for piassava fiber within Brazil.

}, keywords = {Attalea, Bahia, fire, palms, Piassava, rainforests}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/17353831}, author = {Robert A. Voeks}, editor = {Michael J. Balick} } @article {484, title = {Brazil{\textquoteright}s jungle blackboard: A test for conservation deep in Amazonas}, volume = {276}, year = {1988}, month = {March 1988}, pages = {65-70}, abstract = {This report discusses an Amazonian conservation project called the Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems project, which is the brainchild of Tom Lovejoy. This project examines an island biogeography ? the fragmentation of ecosystems into patches that resemble islands that are insulated from the original ecosystem. This project seeks the answers to such questions as "What is the numerical relationship between insularization and doom?" "How big must a rain forest be to remain a rain forest?" "If one hectare of this ecosystem is too small to sustain itself, if ten hectares is also too small, then how much is enough?" and "What is the minimum critical size of a piece of Amazon jungle?"}, keywords = {Amazon, Brazil, ecosystem, ecosystem decay, fauna, faunal collapse, jungle, Minimum Critical Size of Ecosystems project, rainforests, relaxation to equilibrium, South America}, author = {David Quammen} } @article {520, title = {Babassu palm in the agroforestry systems in Brazil{\textquoteright}s mid-north region}, journal = {Agroforestry Systems}, volume = {3}, year = {1985}, month = {September 1985}, pages = {275-295}, abstract = {Babassu palms (Orbignya spp.) cover nearly 200,000 km2 in Brazil, providing cash income, fuel, fibre, edible oil and food to a large number of tenant farm households. Babassu is closely integrated within pastoral and shifting cultivation systems of Mid-North Brazil. In pastures, babassu provides shade for cattle, aids soil moisture retention, produces organic matter, generates supplementary farm income at little cost, and offers year-round employment. On the other hand, the persistence of juvenile palms reduces pasture grass productivity due to plant competition, and therefore there is a trend to eradicate babassu through clearcutting and understorey suppression. At moderate densities of less than 100 individuals per ha, mature babassu palms in cropland do not appear to harm crop productivity. In such cases, palms are thinned and leaves of the remaining ones are cut back, supplying fuel for the burn and nutrients to the soil. However, reduced fallow cycles due to pasture conversion threaten babassu as well as crop productivity.}, keywords = {Babassu palm, charcoal , land tenure, northeast Brazil, Orbignya, Palmae, pasture expansion, shifting cultivation, vegetable oil}, doi = {10.1007/BF00046960}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00046960}, author = {P. H. May and Anthony B. Anderson and J. M. F. Fraz{\~a}o and M. J. Balick} } @article {523, title = {Bora Indian agroforestry: An alternative to deforestation}, journal = {Cultural Survival Quarterly Magazine}, volume = {6}, year = {1982}, month = {June 1982}, pages = {15-16}, abstract = {

Native cultivators in the Amazon have developed efficient and ecologically sound methods for making the tropical forest yield useful products. Their principal form of agriculture - shifting cultivation [swidden agriculture] - has evolved into a system of land management with features worthy of careful study. (author)

This document looks at how shifting cultivation is linked to agroforestry - another kind of system of land use which is currently recommended for the tropics. It also describes the methods the researchers used to collect data on a Bora swidden field.

}, keywords = {Amazon, Bora, deforestation, ecology, land management, methodology, Peru, tropical forests}, url = {http://www.culturalsurvival.org/ourpublications/csq/article/bora-indian-agroforestry-an-alternative-deforestation}, author = {John M. Treacy} } @book {299, title = {Bibliography on tropical agroforestry}, series = {Serie bibliotecolog{\'\i}a y documentaci{\'o}n, English version, bibliograf{\'\i}a no. 6}, year = {1981}, month = {1981}, pages = {67}, publisher = {Centro Agron{\'o}mico Tropical de Investigaci{\'o}n y Ense{\~n}anza (CATIE)}, organization = {Centro Agron{\'o}mico Tropical de Investigaci{\'o}n y Ense{\~n}anza (CATIE)}, address = {Turrialba, Costa Rica}, abstract = {This bibliography includes 680 references of documents on tropical agroforestry. Most of the documents deal with the American tropics, but there are also documents from Africa, Asia and Oceania. Two indices are presented, one by authors, and the other combining subjects, species and countries, including 363 authors, 94 subject keywords, 57 geographical terms and 71 botanical genera. Instructions are given on the use of the bibliography, how to consult the documents and how to obtain (by mail) copies of these papers. (author)}, keywords = {agroforestry}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8353810}, author = {Jean Combe and Humberto Jim{\'e}nez Saa and Claudia Monge} } @mastersthesis {441, title = {Banana-manioc farming systems of the tropical forest: A case study in Zaire}, year = {1978}, month = {1978}, school = {Stanford University}, address = {Palo Alto, CA}, abstract = {

A dissertation submitted to the Food Research Institute and the committee on graduate studies of Stanford University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

The author discusses the production system that the villagers use to grow their crops. He included a graph that tells how they mixed crops with bananas and what the results were. He writes about the plantain system in West Africa as well. He lists crops used in his area on page 57. He describes the practice of clearing land and how it is used, with which he includes a graph showing comparisons of land area and what they do with it. The last thing, except for the bibliography, is the technique of planting.

}, keywords = {Bana Kanoke, bananas, crop association, perennial, Yambela, Yelenge}, url = {http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8949207}, author = {Paul Thomas Perrault} }