TY - BOOK T1 - Livestock for a small earth: The role of animals in a just and sustainable world Y1 - 1994 ED - Jerry Aaker KW - Heifer Project KW - livestock KW - livestock projects KW - small farms KW - sustainable agriculture AB - This book is a collection of essays that share what has been learned over the course of half a century about how to make agricultural development socially just and environmentally sustainable. It is a primer on development assistance using animals. PB - Seven Locks Press CY - Washington, DC SN - 0-929765-28-1; 978-0-929765-28-0 N1 - Additional Contributors: James DeVries [and others]; illustrations by Barbara W. Carter; Heifer Project International JO - Livestock for a Small Earth ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Using rapid rural appraisal techniques of Dache Gofara Peasant Association in Boloso Sorie Wereda: Report of diagnostic survey Y1 - 1993 A1 - Simon Adebo KW - agriculture KW - agroforestry KW - Ethiopia KW - livestock KW - social structure KW - water resources AB -

This is a report of a Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) survey which was carried out in the area of the Dache Gofara Peasant Association (PA) of Boloso Sorie (Areka) Werenda in the North Omo zone, South Ethiopia. The objectives of the survey include: to identify crop production contraints and their effects on specific crops produced; to assess ways and means of maximising production and utilising the available limited resources in the PA; to survey natural and socio-economic conditions that influence production systems in the area with the view to identify farmers' priorities or solutions for the constraints and their "best bets" development options; and, to identify the needs of women, and ways in which they themselves could actively participate in their specific development activities. (author)

The farmers identified three types of soils in the PA area. Perennial crops, eucalyptus trees, and a variety of other tree species cover the area throughout the year.

PB - FARM Africa CY - Addis Ababa, Ethiopia UR - https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=ET19940094237 U5 - 147 pp. JO - Using Rapid Rural Appraisal Techniques of Dache Gofara Peasant Association in Boloso Sorie Wereda ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Using rapid rural appraisal techniques of Gersale Village in Duraite Peasants Association in Konso Wereda: Report of diagnostic survey Y1 - 1993 A1 - Simon Adebo KW - agroforestry KW - cropping patterns KW - land use KW - livestock KW - social structure KW - trees KW - water resources AB -

This is a report of a diagnostic study, using Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) techniques. The main objective of the field work was to give trainees practice in the RRA approach and only secondary was the objectives to do RRA diagnostic study that could guide further development efforts by the community in collaboration with government and non-government organisations in Konso. (author)

Sections of this report include:

PB - FARM Africa CY - Addis Ababa, Ethiopia UR - https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=ET9300195 JO - Using Rapid Rural Appraisal Techniques of Gersale Village in Duraite Peasants Association in Konso Wereda ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Community forestry: Herders' decision-making in natural resources management in arid and semi-arid Africa T2 - Community Forestry Note no. 4 Y1 - 1990 A1 - Maryam Niamir KW - afforestation KW - agroforestry KW - agropastoral systems KW - citizen participation KW - climate KW - community forestry KW - deforestation KW - Ethiopia KW - ethnoveterinary medicine KW - forest management KW - Fulani KW - geomorphology KW - grazing KW - herders KW - India KW - land tenure KW - livestock KW - Madagascar KW - Mali KW - natural resources KW - Niger KW - Nigeria KW - North Africa KW - plants KW - reforestation KW - soils KW - Somalia KW - Sub-Saharan Africa KW - Sudan KW - Uganda KW - vegetation KW - water KW - wildlife KW - Wodaabe KW - Zambia AB - This report fits into an overall objective of helping the FAO analyze the role that local knowlege and management systems (LKMS) of natural resources can play in FAO's development projects and programs. The approach of this report centers on a literature review of existing information on arid and semi-arid Africa. This includes North Africa, the Sahara, the Sahel, the semi-arid parts of the Sudan zone, and the arid zones of southern Africa. A few pertinent examples from other areas are also provided. The main emphasis is placed on the use and management of natural resources, primarily vegetation, but also water and wildlife. The majority of production systems in these arid zones in one way or another rely on livestock (ranging from settled agropastoralists to continuously mobile nomads). Thus, pastoral systems, defined as any production system that relies for more than 10% of its output on livestock, is the main focus of the report, but other production systems that rely on resources in their natural state, such as hunting, gathering, fishing and wood collecting, will also be considered. (author) In 1986, within its Forestry for Community Development Programme, the FAO Forestry Department published a Forestry Paper entitled Tree Growing by Rural People. It presented various facets of the state of knowledge about tree-growing as it relates to community forestry, i.e. forestry designed to benefit the rural tree growers/managers. However, although some of the most interesting future opportunities for community forestry lie in improving management of existing trees rather than in creating new resources, this document covered only partially the topic of tree and woodland management by rural people. It did not fully explore how rural people manage single trees or communal woodlands and how they manage their other resources in relation to trees and woodlands. Further effort was necessary to broaden and deepen the knowledge base on local management issues. In order to improve the success of management projects, more complete data and analysis was also needed on what knowledge rural people have already developed and the dynamics of their tree resource management strategies in response to changing policies, pressures and opportunities. Finally, more thorough understanding was to be developed of the results and impacts of various attempts to support rural people in the efforts to manage these resources. Dr. Maryam Niamir, a range management specialist, has undertaken the first step in the process of filling this information gap as it relates to arid and semi-arid areas of Africa. (author) JF - Community Forestry Note no. 4 PB - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations CY - Rome UR - http://www.fao.org/3/t6260e/t6260e00.htm N1 - See also: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22831781 JO - Community forestry ER - TY - ABST T1 - Towards a sustainable development strategy for the Sierra de los Tuxtlas, Mexico Y1 - 1990 A1 - Luisa Paré KW - livestock AB - Since the 1950s, the cattle industry in Mexico had quadrupled in size, claiming tropical rain forests and land dedicated to basic grain production at an alarming rate. The ecological costs of this form of development have been extraordinary high. Changes in land use and land tenure have resulted in the loss of valuable rainforest resources and extensive soil degredation. The expansion of cattle ranching has also pushed many peasants out of agriculture and into other poverty-stricken sectors of the rural and urban economy. As a result of these developments, Mexico has lost national food self-sufficiency and today imports mare than ten million tons of basic grains. mainly corn and beans. The appropriation and abuse of peasant land by cattle ranchers has also contributed to the development of inequalities in the distribution of economic and political power. PB - Centro de estudios Agrarios and Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University CY - Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico N1 - CEA-Carleton research proposal to the International Development Research Centre Cooperation Program U5 - 19 pp. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Usufruct rights to trees: The role of Ekwar in dryland central Turkana, Kenya JF - Human Ecology Y1 - 1990 A1 - Edmund G. C. Barrow KW - East Africa KW - ecology KW - Kenya KW - livestock KW - natural resource management KW - pastoralists KW - tenure KW - trees KW - usufruct rights AB - Usufruct rights to trees (Ekwar) in the Turkana silvo-pastoral system are an important aspect of natural resource management, particularly in the drier central parts of Kenya. Originating from a participatory forestry extension program, a survey was carried out that showed the extent and duration, often in excess of one generation, of occupancy of a person's Ekwar. Such rights center around the dry season fodder resources, especially of Acacia tortilis. However they are not definite and are linked to risk-spreading by flexibility in livestock management and the need that they be maintained through efficient usage and social linkages. Hitherto, such natural resource management systems have all but been ignored in the development process in favor of the "tragedy of the commons" paradigm. Likewise, pastoral development has tended to emphasize range and water, while trees are not given the attention they deserve. This endangers the resilience of the system, and it is therefore important that development works with, not against, such environmentally-sound practices to try to make them more sustainable in the long term. VL - 18 UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4602963 IS - 2 U1 - Human Ecology JO - Usufruct Rights to Trees ER - TY - Generic T1 - Workshop to develop an Agroforestry Technology Information Kit, November 4-13, 1989 Y1 - 1990 ED - Francis Korten ED - Romulo del Castillo ED - Julian Gonsalves ED - Jaime Roquillo ED - Forester Nicanor Iscala Jr KW - agriculture KW - agroforestry KW - conservation KW - ecology KW - Filipino KW - fruit KW - home-lot KW - livestock KW - management KW - natural resources KW - Philippine Department of Environment and Natural Resources KW - plants KW - seeds KW - soil and water conservation (SWC) KW - sustainability KW - Taungya System KW - trees KW - water AB - The "Agroforestry Technology Information Kit" was prepared for the use and guidance of the Social Forestry Officers and Technicians of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. This kit was meant to help our forestry officers and technicians be effective in their role as extension workers for the upland dwellers. It is full of narative know-how and skills that make life in the uplands more meaningful, profitable and ecologically sustainable. It is well-prepared and if properly operationalized and seriously implemented, it is expected to create a new dimension in the struggle for upland rehibilitation that can only be maintained through concerted and sustained effort of the government and the people. This kit is Philippine- focused: it is intended for use primarily in support of the training of DENR's 1,200 technicians for its Social Forestry Program nationwide. This program of DENR aims to give the Filipino uplanders access to forest lands for a tenure of 25 years or more. (author) PB - Philippene Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR); International Institute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR); Ford Foundation (FF) CY - Quezon City, Philippines; Silang Cavite, Philippines; Manila, Philippines UR - http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51168241 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Forestry and nutrition: A reference manual Y1 - 1989 A1 - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Regional Forestry Officer KW - agroforestry KW - conservation KW - ethnobotany KW - ethnomedicine KW - fodder KW - fuelwood KW - livestock KW - medicinal plants KW - plant foods KW - rural development KW - wildlife AB - The first section provides a brief overview of the links between forestry and nutrition and a review of the findings from the literature. This is followed by an annotated bibliography which includes 239 references. Subject and geographic indices are included to facilitate use of the bibliography. The purposes of this reference manual are to highlight what is known about the linkages between forestry and nutrition and to provide a guide for further research into this area. It is directed to foresters and nutritionists alike and draws on information from their respective literature as well as from other areas of relevant study. Although the reference manual focuses on nutrition and forestry in general, it is directed to those working on forestry and nutrition issues in developing countries, and thus, focuses on regions of the tropics and subtropics. (author) PB - FAO CY - Bangkok, Thailand UR - http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/66373043 JO - Forestry and nutrition ER - TY - RPRT T1 - The management of common property natural resources: Some conceptual and operational fallacies Y1 - 1989 A1 - Daniel W. Bromley A1 - Michael M. Cernea KW - absentee ownership KW - common property KW - common property regimes KW - forestry KW - livestock KW - natural resources KW - open access regimes KW - private property regimes KW - resource management KW - rural management KW - state property regimes KW - watersheds AB -

The topic of common property natural resources — and the tenurial regimes that come to be regarded as suitable alternatives for the purposes of accelerated growth — is critical to the practical work on development projects, primarily in agriculture, forestry, or fisheries. The job of designing or appraising such projects is a matter of complex craftsmanship. Central to this process are not only the technical and financial skills, but also a conceptual understanding of the socio-economic and cultural fabric within which individuals use and/or abuse their ecosystem. We deal in this paper precisely with such conceptual issues about property regimes, attempting to shed some light on several difficult and often-controversial questions embedded in the art and craft of purposive development interventions.

The term "common property" has been largely misunderstood and falsely interpreted for the past two-three decades. Common property regimes are not the free-for-all they have been described to be, but are structured ownership arrangements within which management rules are developed, group size is known and enforced, incentives exist for co-owners to follow the accepted institutional arrangements, and sanctions work to insure compliance.

This book starts with a discussion of property rights in natural resource management. The discussion will concern four possible management regimes (state property, private property, common property, and open access). It then turns to a discussion of project strategies and resource management, drawing particularly on Bank project experience in livestock, forestry, and watershed protection. It concludes with an agenda for action in natural resources, emphasizing the rehabilitation of rural managerial capacity. (author)

JF - World Bank Discussion Papers 57 PB - The World Bank CY - Washington, DC SN - 0-8213-1249-9 UR - http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/548811468740174575/The-management-of-common-property-natural-resources-some-conceptual-and-operational-fallacies N1 - See also: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/548811468740174575/pdf/multi-page.pdf U1 - WDP-57 U5 - vi, 66 JO - The management of common property natural resources ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Rural development and the careful utilization of natural resources in the Peruvian Sierra T2 - Report on the Workshop-Seminar held in Achoma (Arequipa), Peru, 31 March to 9 April 1987 Y1 - 1989 A1 - María Angélica Salas KW - agriculture KW - Callalli KW - camelidae KW - Colca Valley KW - ecology KW - integrated management KW - Jalca KW - livestock KW - Maca KW - natural resources KW - Peru KW - Puna KW - rural development KW - Sierra KW - soils KW - Suni KW - trees KW - water KW - watersheds AB - The Workshop-Seminar held in Achoma was the third in a series, its closest antecedent being the meeting held in 1984 in Feldafing (Federal Republic of Germany), which was likewise organized by DSE. On that occasion, the participants, who had been mainly concerned with analysing the ecological and development problems facing Peru, concluded and agreed that "If the quality of life in the Sierra does not improve, the country as a whole will be unable to make progress. Here lies the central problem of rural development in Peru." (author) JF - Report on the Workshop-Seminar held in Achoma (Arequipa), Peru, 31 March to 9 April 1987 PB - Deutsche Stiftung für Internationale Entwicklung (German Foundation for International Development) CY - Berlin, Germany SN - 3-924441-44-8 UR - http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/243201934 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - We eat trees: Tree planting and land rehabilitation in West Pokot District, Kenya: a baseline study (Working Paper) T2 - Forest, Trees and People Working Paper np. 82 Y1 - 1988 A1 - Wilhelm Östberg A1 - Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, Uppsala (Sweden) A1 - International Rural Development Centre KW - afforestation KW - agroforestry KW - erosion KW - extension KW - farmer participatory research KW - fodder KW - fuelwood KW - grazing KW - herding KW - Kenya KW - land use KW - livestock KW - pastoralism KW - reclamation of land KW - reforestation KW - soil conservation KW - subsistence agriculture KW - tree planting KW - women AB - During early discussion with the management of the VI Tree Planting Project, it appeared to the author that there were three lodestars to guide the project's activities. First, by enclosing waste lands and planting trees in the semi-arid parts of West Pokot district, a rapid improvement of the environment is brought about. Grass invades the enclosed areas, soil erosion is arrested, and the productivity of the land is improved. This impresses the farmers of the area, who become interested in land rehabilitation. Secondly, in the higher potential areas of West Pokot district and in Trans Nzoia district, the project concentrates on producing and distributing seedlings of rapidly growing leguminous species. These will improve soil fertility and provide fuelwood in these densely populated and treeless areas. Thirdly, through cooperation with the many women groups on the settlement schemes in Trans Nzoia, the project hopes to reach a large number of families and encourage them to plant trees. (author) JF - Forest, Trees and People Working Paper np. 82 PB - Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, International Rural Development Centre CY - Uppsala [Sweden] SN - 978-91-576-3510-5 UR - http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/610964356 JO - We eat trees ER - TY - CONF T1 - Notes and reflections on the workshop on farmers and agricultural research: Complementary methods T2 - Paper presented at IDS Workshop on Farmers and Agricultural Research: Complementary Methods, July 26-31, 1987, University of Sussex Y1 - 1987 A1 - Robert Chambers KW - agricultural research KW - agricultural science KW - agroforestry KW - agronomy KW - Bangladesh KW - bio-economic KW - Botswana KW - Brazil KW - Bungoma KW - Colombia KW - cropping systems KW - cropping systems research KW - crops KW - development KW - dry farming KW - dryland agriculture KW - East India KW - farmer experimentation KW - farmers KW - Farming Systems Development Project-Eastern Visayas (FSDP-EV) KW - food KW - India KW - indigenous genetic resources KW - indigenous technical knowledge KW - Indore KW - Kenya KW - land classification KW - livestock KW - Luapula KW - Luapula Province KW - Nepal KW - on-farm varietal KW - Peru KW - Pokot KW - regular research field hearings (RRFH) KW - research and development KW - resource-poor KW - rice KW - scientized packages KW - soil classification KW - Sub-Saharan Africa KW - topsoil KW - tree planting KW - trees KW - Turkana KW - watersheds KW - Zambia AB - The workshop, Farmers and Agricultural Research: Complementary Methods, was held at the Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK, from 26 to 31 July 1987. The objective was to take stock of new methods and approaches that scientists have been developing, to share experience, to assess potential, and to identify what steps should be taken next. The 42 notes and papers and the five days of the discussion at the workshop were designed for the exchange and exploration rather than to generate an agreed statement. What follows are therefore personal notes and reflections, and responsibility for the views expressed is mine and not of anyone else. All the same, I am trying to present views expressed, and there was a degree of consensus which suggests that few participants would probably wish to dissent substantially from much of what follows. (author) JF - Paper presented at IDS Workshop on Farmers and Agricultural Research: Complementary Methods, July 26-31, 1987, University of Sussex PB - Brighton, UK CY - University of Sussex N1 - IDS (Institute of Development Studies) U5 - 18 pp. JO - Notes and reflections on the workshop on farmers and agricultural research ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Improved production systems as an alternative to shifting cultivation T2 - FAO Soils Bulletin no. 53 Y1 - 1984 A1 - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Soil Resources, Management and Conservation Service KW - agricultural systems KW - agroecology KW - agroforestry KW - alley cropping KW - appropriate technology and intermediate technology KW - climate KW - farming systems KW - horticulture KW - livestock KW - rainfall KW - research KW - shifting cultivation KW - soil management KW - watersheds AB - Shifting cultivation, under its diverse forms of slash and burn systems, is a traditional method of cultivating tropical upland soils, mostly for subsistence purposes. During the rest or fallow periods intervening between crops, the natural fertility of the soil is restored for renewed utilization in a subsequent period of crop growth. This traditional system of cultivation is in ecological balance with the environment and does not irreversibly degrade the soil resource, provided a sufficient length of fallow is allowed for soil restoration. JF - FAO Soils Bulletin no. 53 PB - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations CY - Rome SN - 92-5-102121-X UR - http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11418879 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Portulacaria afra Jacq.: A potential browse plant JF - Economic Botany Y1 - 1973 A1 - A. J. Oakes KW - agroforestry KW - ethnobotany KW - fodder trees KW - livestock KW - oak trees KW - shrubs KW - vascular plants AB - One of the most valuable South African fodder trees is Portulacaria afra Jacq. It should be further evaluated in the United States because of its various uses. The author outlines the description, distribution and utilization of this species. VL - 27 UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4253450 IS - 4 U1 - Economic Botany JO - Portulacaria afra Jacq. ER -