TY - CHAP T1 - Social forestry: A cross-cultural analysis T2 - Ecosystem rehabilitation: Preamble to sustainable development Y1 - 1992 A1 - Alfonso H. Peter Castro ED - Mohan K. Wali KW - community forestry KW - home gardens KW - intercropping KW - propagation KW - tree management AB -

There is a growing appreciation of the importance of trees to rural people in developing countries. Several terms have been used to describe aspects of this relationship, including social forestry, agroforestry, and forestry for local community development. Each term denotes a connection between people and trees. Forestry has a social context; trees and food production systems are intimately linked and forestry activities should be an integral part of development, contributing to the satisfaction of basic material needs, ensuring environmental stability, and the attaining of other progressive goals. Many of these ideas about the role of forestry in rural development are not new. However, what is different is the emphasis placed on the participation of communities, households, and individuals in planting and managing trees.

This paper examines the importance and implications of indigenous technical knowledge for forestry development. It describes the extensive use of forest resources by rural people in developing countries. Further, it reviews various local tree management strategies that have been customarily used to retain tree cover in rural areas. I believe that participatory forestry interventions need to be based on a clear understanding of indigenous tree use and management systems. Such systems for a valuable foundation from which effective afforestation efforts can be launched. (author)

JF - Ecosystem rehabilitation: Preamble to sustainable development PB - SPB Academic Publishing CY - The Hague, The Netherlands VL - 1 UR - http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/605953042 U5 - 16 pp. JO - Social forestry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gender, ecology, and the science of survival: Stories and lessons from Kenya JF - Agriculture and Human Values Y1 - 1991 A1 - Dianne E. Rocheleau KW - agroforestry KW - alley cropping KW - biodiversity KW - community forestry KW - cultural ecology KW - drought KW - East Africa KW - ecofeminist KW - ethnobotany KW - ethnoscience KW - famine KW - fodder trees KW - gendered knowledge KW - knowledge system KW - land rights KW - land tenure KW - on-farm trials KW - pastoralism KW - rural people KW - simple extraction KW - survival skills KW - sustainable development AB -

Sustainable development and biodiversity initiatives increasingly include ethnoscience, yet the gendered nature of rural people's knowledge goes largely unrecognized. This paper notes the current resurgence of ethnoscience research and states the case for including gendered knowledge and skills, supported by a brief review of relevant cultural ecology and ecofeminist field studies. The author argues the case from the point of view of better, more complete science as well as from the ethical imperative to serve women's interests as the "daily managers of the living environment." In the interests of both objectives the paper advocates an ethnoscience research approach based on empowerment of rural people, rather than simple extraction of their knowledge. The Kenyan case study of women's agroforestry work follows their response to the drought and famine of 1985 and chronicles the unfolding discovery of women's ecological, political and social science as gendered survival skills. The case is re-counted as a story, in keeping with an explicit choice to learn through participation and to report through storytelling. The experience of rural women and researchers during the drought provides several lessons for both groups about their respective knowledge systems, their agroforestry work and the relationship of both to local and national political economy. (author)

The author states her concern over loss of culture and genetic diversity, realizing the importance of this diversity to the livelihoods of the poor people. If this knowledge is to survive, women must be included in literature pertaining to sustainability and indigenous knowledge. By including women in research it may provide an opportunity for them to redefine their roles in their households, communities and nations, as well as providing important information pertaining to diversity.

VL - 8 UR - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01579669 IS - 1-2 N1 - Paper initially presented at Association of Women in Development Conference: The Global Empowerment of Women, 17-19 November 1989, Washington, DC (18 pp.) U5 - 18 pp. JO - Gender, ecology, and the science of survival ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Community forestry: Herders' decision-making in natural resources management in arid and semi-arid Africa T2 - Community Forestry Note no. 4 Y1 - 1990 A1 - Maryam Niamir KW - afforestation KW - agroforestry KW - agropastoral systems KW - citizen participation KW - climate KW - community forestry KW - deforestation KW - Ethiopia KW - ethnoveterinary medicine KW - forest management KW - Fulani KW - geomorphology KW - grazing KW - herders KW - India KW - land tenure KW - livestock KW - Madagascar KW - Mali KW - natural resources KW - Niger KW - Nigeria KW - North Africa KW - plants KW - reforestation KW - soils KW - Somalia KW - Sub-Saharan Africa KW - Sudan KW - Uganda KW - vegetation KW - water KW - wildlife KW - Wodaabe KW - Zambia AB - This report fits into an overall objective of helping the FAO analyze the role that local knowlege and management systems (LKMS) of natural resources can play in FAO's development projects and programs. The approach of this report centers on a literature review of existing information on arid and semi-arid Africa. This includes North Africa, the Sahara, the Sahel, the semi-arid parts of the Sudan zone, and the arid zones of southern Africa. A few pertinent examples from other areas are also provided. The main emphasis is placed on the use and management of natural resources, primarily vegetation, but also water and wildlife. The majority of production systems in these arid zones in one way or another rely on livestock (ranging from settled agropastoralists to continuously mobile nomads). Thus, pastoral systems, defined as any production system that relies for more than 10% of its output on livestock, is the main focus of the report, but other production systems that rely on resources in their natural state, such as hunting, gathering, fishing and wood collecting, will also be considered. (author) In 1986, within its Forestry for Community Development Programme, the FAO Forestry Department published a Forestry Paper entitled Tree Growing by Rural People. It presented various facets of the state of knowledge about tree-growing as it relates to community forestry, i.e. forestry designed to benefit the rural tree growers/managers. However, although some of the most interesting future opportunities for community forestry lie in improving management of existing trees rather than in creating new resources, this document covered only partially the topic of tree and woodland management by rural people. It did not fully explore how rural people manage single trees or communal woodlands and how they manage their other resources in relation to trees and woodlands. Further effort was necessary to broaden and deepen the knowledge base on local management issues. In order to improve the success of management projects, more complete data and analysis was also needed on what knowledge rural people have already developed and the dynamics of their tree resource management strategies in response to changing policies, pressures and opportunities. Finally, more thorough understanding was to be developed of the results and impacts of various attempts to support rural people in the efforts to manage these resources. Dr. Maryam Niamir, a range management specialist, has undertaken the first step in the process of filling this information gap as it relates to arid and semi-arid areas of Africa. (author) JF - Community Forestry Note no. 4 PB - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations CY - Rome UR - http://www.fao.org/3/t6260e/t6260e00.htm N1 - See also: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22831781 JO - Community forestry ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Joint management for forest lands: Experiences from South Asia Y1 - 1990 A1 - Mark Poffenberger KW - agroforestry KW - Bengal KW - common property KW - community forestry KW - India KW - land tenure KW - land use KW - Nepal KW - participatory research KW - social forestry AB - This paper briefly examines three regions within South Asia where poor land management is causing environmental degradation and social and economic problems for rural communities. Within each setting, an example is given of a government agency which is attempting to improve land management through partnerships with community groups. The experiences of each program are discussed and assesed in terms of the productivity, equity, and sustainability of emerging joint management systems. The paper concludes by describing Foundation efforts to support forest agencies developing new approaches to participatory management. (author) PB - Ford Foundation CY - New Delhi, India UR - http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/24551289 JO - Joint management for forest lands ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Keepers of the forest: Land management alternatives in southeast Asia T2 - Kumarian Press library of management for development Y1 - 1990 ED - Mark Poffenberger KW - agroforestry KW - common property KW - commons KW - community forestry KW - cooperatives KW - deforestation KW - empowerment KW - forest management KW - forestry KW - land tenure KW - land use KW - land use, rural KW - participatory research KW - social aspects KW - southeast Asia KW - trees AB -

Contains following chapters:

  1. The evolution of forest management systems in southeast Asia (Mark Poffenberger);
  2. A history of state forest management in Java (Nancy Lee Peluso);
  3. The changing upland landscape of the northern Philippines (Percy E. Sajise and Elizabeth A. Omegan);
  4. Forces and policy issues affecting forest use in northeast Thailand (James A. Hafner);
  5. Facilitating change in forestry bureaucracies (Mark Poffenberger);
  6. Diagnostic tools for social forestry; (Jefferson Fox)
  7. Communal forest leases as a tenurial option in the Philippine uplands (Luzviminda B. Cornista and Eva F. Escue);
  8. Identifying appropriate agroforestry technologies in Java (Carol Stoney and Mulyadi Bratamihardj);
  9. Evolving management systems in Thailand (Kamon Pragtong and David E. Thoma);
  10. Migrant farmers and the shrinking forests of northeast Thailand (James A. Hafner and Yaoxvalak Apichatvullop);
  11. Reorienting forest management on Java (Nancy Lee Peluso, Mark Poffenberger and Frances Seymour);
  12. Community participation for conservation area management in the Cyclops Mountains, Irian Jaya, Indonesia (Arthur Mitchell, Yance de Fretes, and Mark Poffenberger);
  13. The growth of the Philippine social forest program (Christopher Gibbs, Edwin Payuan, and Romulo del Castill);
  14. Social forestry in Cebu (Salve B. Borlagdan); and
  15. Steps towards establishing collaborative management (Mark Poffenberger).
JF - Kumarian Press library of management for development PB - Ateneo De Manila University Press; Kumarian Press CY - Manilia, Philipinnes; West Hartford, CT SN - 971-550-010-2; 9789715500104 UR - http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/20263005 JO - Keepers of the forest ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Indigenous forest utilization and management systems: Lecture series forestry and rural development lecture notes Y1 - 1989 A1 - Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen, Department of Forest Management KW - agroforestry KW - community forestry AB - Lecture notes on indigenous forest utilization and management systems; Farmers' perception of society and environment, and their land use: the case of the Aouan in Ivory Coast; The Kubu and the outside world (South Sumatra, Indonesia): the modification of hunting and gathering; Household economy and tree growing in upland Central Java; The reality of the commons: answering Hardin from Somalia; social forestry and land use institutions, an anthropological view. PB - Agricultural University Wageningen, Department of Forest Management CY - Wageningen [Netherlands] UR - http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/880968334 N1 - General Note: Lecture series Forestry and rural development 2, 1989 JO - Indigenous forest utilization and management systems ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Glossary of selected terms in sustainable agriculture T2 - Gatekeeper Series no. SA6 Y1 - 1988 A1 - Jennifer A. McCracken A1 - Jules N. Pretty KW - agroecological zoning KW - agroecosystem zoning KW - agroecosystems KW - agroforestry KW - alley cropping KW - appropriate technology and intermediate technology KW - bioenergy KW - biomass KW - carrying capacity KW - cash crops KW - common property resources KW - community forestry KW - conservation farming KW - desertification KW - export crops KW - farmer participatory research KW - farming systems research KW - food crops KW - genetic preservation KW - integrated pest management KW - integrated rural development KW - land degradation KW - minimum tillage KW - multiple cropping KW - multipurpose trees KW - open access resources KW - pastoralism KW - range management KW - rapid rural appraisal KW - regenerative farming KW - remote sensing KW - share cropping KW - shifting cultivation KW - social forestry KW - subsistence agriculture KW - sustainable development KW - tragedy of the commons KW - transhumance AB - A glossary of selected terms in sustainable agriculture JF - Gatekeeper Series no. SA6 PB - International Institute for Environment and Development, Sustainable Agriculture Programme CY - London; Washington, DC UR - http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19531919 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Letting the piper call the tune: Experimenting with different forestry extension methods in the northern Sudan JF - ODI Social Forestry Network Paper 4a Y1 - 1987 A1 - Matthew S. Gamser KW - agroforestry KW - community forestry AB -

This paper is excerpted from a doctoral thesis entitled Innovation, User Participation and Forest Energy Development, completed at the Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex in December 1986.

This paper presents examples of the outcome of some of the grants made by the Energy Council (ERC) and, within it, the Government of Sudan/USAID sponsored Sudan Renewable Energy Project (SREP), examining the impact of institutional innovations upon social forestry development. The examples date from the period 1982 to 1985, while the writer was working with SREP. The Sudan experience demonstrates that people's participation in the design and administration of forestry projects is an important component of project success. Moreover, the most remote, poorest communities tend to have the greatest resources of organisation and enthusiasm to bring to forestry, and produces the best results when given maximum resopnsibility for project development and management. This is contrary to the way in which most social forestry is performed, in which poorer people have less direct access to and control over project planning and facilities. (author)

UR - https://www.odi.org/publications/630-letting-piper-call-tune-experimenting-different-forestry-extension-methods-northern-sudan JO - Letting the piper call the tune ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Mountain people in the Philippines: Ethnographic contributions to upland development T2 - Man, agriculture and the tropical forest: Change and development in the Philippine uplands Y1 - 1986 A1 - Susan D. Russell ED - Sam Fujisaka ED - Percy E. Sajise ED - Romulo del Castillo KW - agroforestry KW - animal feed KW - community forestry KW - fallow KW - fuelwood KW - medicine KW - rice KW - swiddens AB - A crisis of deforestation and consequent soil erosion looms in many southeast Asian upland ecosystems. Blame for this problem has been attributed to both slash and burn agriculturalists or timber extraction industries. To the extent that the actions of uplanders rather than legal and illegal logging are seen as being responsible for diminishing forest reserves, a growing demand exists among policy-makers and foresters for a more holistic, interdisciplinary approach to appropriate intervention strategies. Anthropologists are now frequently incorporated into technical programs and are given a growing recognition that economic change cannot be understood adequately in isolation from the social institutional framework. Recent efforts in social forestry, for example, suggest that anthropological perspectives have direct practical applicability to development programs. JF - Man, agriculture and the tropical forest: Change and development in the Philippine uplands PB - Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development CY - Bangkok, Thailand SN - 0933595123; 9780933595125 UR - http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18193024 N1 - Chapter 3 JO - Mountain people in the Philippines ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Native cultures and protected areas: Management options T2 - Culture and conservation: The human dimension in environmental planning Y1 - 1985 A1 - Leslie A. Brownrigg ED - Jeffrey A. McNeely ED - David Pitt KW - common property KW - commons KW - community forestry KW - forest management KW - land tenure KW - land use KW - natural resource management AB - On their own lands, the culturally native populations of Latin America protect large areas in natural ecosystems and achieve a renewable resource of a living environment. This relation can be reinforced by each of the four management options for the formal designation and organization or protected areas which are outlined in this paper: native owned lands, where the protection of the area is by native peoples; reserves, where a protected natural area corresponds with the territory of a particular native population; buffer zones, where a protected area serves as a physical or ecological barrier between native lands and the lands of others; and research stations, where certain areas under native management are organized as agricultural or ecological research stations. JF - Culture and conservation: The human dimension in environmental planning PB - Croom Helm CY - London N1 - Chapter 2 JO - Native cultures and protected areas ER - TY - CONF T1 - Traditional agro-forestry practices in arid zone of Rajasthan T2 - Paper presented at the Summer Institute on Agro-Forestry in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones, 15th June to 14th July, 1981 Y1 - 1981 A1 - S. P. Malhotra KW - Bordi KW - community forestry KW - fuelwood KW - Khejri AB -

In this paper the author discusses the agroforestry practices in different agro-climatic zones in Rajashthan. Six benefits were listed for the reason agroforestry techniques were needed:

  1. meeting fuel requirements,
  2. fencing materials,
  3. construction of lodging,
  4. fodder,
  5. food for human consumption, and
  6. protection against soil erosion and green manure.

The author then discusses in detail the types of trees used to meet the communities specific needs, in particular the Bordi and Khehri species.

JF - Paper presented at the Summer Institute on Agro-Forestry in Arid and Semi-Arid Zones, 15th June to 14th July, 1981 PB - Central Arid Zone Research Institute CY - Jodhpur, India UR - http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10369344 U3 - Summer Institute on Agro-forestry in Arid and Semi-arid Zones U5 - 7 pp. ER -