TY - Generic T1 - Agroforestry Seeds Circular - Number 3 Y1 - 1993 KW - germplasm KW - rural development AB -

Contents:

VL - 3 N1 - Agroforestry Seed Information Clearinghouse. This publication is an offshoot of the Agroforestry Seeds issue of the Sustainable Agriculture Newsletter vol. 2, no.3, 1990 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Community-based use of mangrove resources in St. Lucia JF - International Journal of Environmental Studies Y1 - 1993 A1 - Allan H. Smith A1 - Fikret Berkes KW - agroforestry KW - Caribbean KW - charcoal KW - common property resources KW - fuelwood KW - mangrove swamps KW - renewable energy KW - rural development KW - St. Lucia AB - The sustainable use of mangrove forests can effectively contribute to their conservation. The experience with an integrated conservation-development project in St. Lucia showed that charcoal producers using mangrove fuelwood resources in a Marine Reserve Area have successfully changed their harvesting practices, reversing a trend of mangrove destruction. The conditions under which this change occurred included strengthening the organization of local users and their resource-use rights, and building a community-based management system, leading to the avoidance of open-access conditions. Surveys of the mangrove, undertaken before and after management intervention, showed that while the mean stand diameter of the fuelwood trees did not change significantly, there was an increase in the density of stems and in total basal area of timber. VL - 43 UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00207239308710819 IS - 2/3 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Forestry and nutrition: A reference manual Y1 - 1989 A1 - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Regional Forestry Officer KW - agroforestry KW - conservation KW - ethnobotany KW - ethnomedicine KW - fodder KW - fuelwood KW - livestock KW - medicinal plants KW - plant foods KW - rural development KW - wildlife AB - The first section provides a brief overview of the links between forestry and nutrition and a review of the findings from the literature. This is followed by an annotated bibliography which includes 239 references. Subject and geographic indices are included to facilitate use of the bibliography. The purposes of this reference manual are to highlight what is known about the linkages between forestry and nutrition and to provide a guide for further research into this area. It is directed to foresters and nutritionists alike and draws on information from their respective literature as well as from other areas of relevant study. Although the reference manual focuses on nutrition and forestry in general, it is directed to those working on forestry and nutrition issues in developing countries, and thus, focuses on regions of the tropics and subtropics. (author) PB - FAO CY - Bangkok, Thailand UR - http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/66373043 JO - Forestry and nutrition ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Rural development and the careful utilization of natural resources in the Peruvian Sierra T2 - Report on the Workshop-Seminar held in Achoma (Arequipa), Peru, 31 March to 9 April 1987 Y1 - 1989 A1 - María Angélica Salas KW - agriculture KW - Callalli KW - camelidae KW - Colca Valley KW - ecology KW - integrated management KW - Jalca KW - livestock KW - Maca KW - natural resources KW - Peru KW - Puna KW - rural development KW - Sierra KW - soils KW - Suni KW - trees KW - water KW - watersheds AB - The Workshop-Seminar held in Achoma was the third in a series, its closest antecedent being the meeting held in 1984 in Feldafing (Federal Republic of Germany), which was likewise organized by DSE. On that occasion, the participants, who had been mainly concerned with analysing the ecological and development problems facing Peru, concluded and agreed that "If the quality of life in the Sierra does not improve, the country as a whole will be unable to make progress. Here lies the central problem of rural development in Peru." (author) JF - Report on the Workshop-Seminar held in Achoma (Arequipa), Peru, 31 March to 9 April 1987 PB - Deutsche Stiftung für Internationale Entwicklung (German Foundation for International Development) CY - Berlin, Germany SN - 3-924441-44-8 UR - http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/243201934 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Historical forces in world agriculture and the changing role of international development assistance JF - Agriculture and Human Values Y1 - 1988 A1 - G. Edward Schuh KW - development assistance KW - ecology KW - economic integration KW - economic policies KW - economics KW - education institution KW - ethics KW - famine KW - fisheries KW - food agricultural economics KW - gender KW - history KW - international development KW - production technology KW - rural development AB -

The first part of this paper discusses five sets of forces that have had a major influence on world agriculture in the post-World War II period. These include:

  1. high rates of population growth in the developing countries
  2. a steady increase in economic integration world-wide, driven by technological breakthroughs in the communication and transportation sectors
  3. major realignments in the values of national currencies
  4. growing distortions in economic policies in both the industrialized and developing countries
  5. growing diffusion of new production technology from the industrialized to the developing countries.

The second part reviews the changing role of international development assistance in support of agriculture in light of these historical forces. Such assistance successively stressed the development of extension services, food aid, institutional development of higher level education institutions, the development of research capacity, and rural development.

A look to the future is the subject of the third part of the paper. This includes a discussion of the difficulties in sustaining U.S. foreign assistance, especially when that nation is letting its own economic house fall into such disarray.

VL - 5 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02217179 IS - 1-2 N1 - This article from Agriculture and Human Values, 5 (1-2) listed independently. U1 - Agric Hum Values ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International technical interventions in agriculture and rural development: Some basic trends, issues, and questions JF - Agriculture and Human Values Y1 - 1988 A1 - George H. Axinn KW - ethics KW - international development KW - rural development KW - small proportion KW - unintended consequence KW - veterinary medicine AB - This paper presents some of the basic trends, issues, and questions regarding the last four decades of international development cooperation in agriculture. The impact of technical cooperation tends to account for only a small proportion of change; the bulk of the variance being caused by internal, rather than external, forces and events. The paper reviews both multilateral and bilateral technical cooperation, and then illustrates with the case of U.S. universities in international technical cooperation. It goes on to question the difference between "development" and "merely change," and asks who are the real beneficiaries? Finally, the paper suggests the following factors affecting continuity and change as forces to be analysed with respect to any attempt at technical cooperation: biological, physical, cultural, social, economic, administrative, political, and diplomatic. The world experience of the past four decades confirms that without consideration of such a human ecology of continuity and change, well-meaning interventions in international technical cooperation are likely to have unintended consequences for both "donors" and "recipients." VL - 5 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02217172 IS - 1-2 N1 - This article from Agriculture and Human Values, 5 (1-2) listed independently. U1 - Agric Hum Values JO - International technical interventions in agriculture and rural development ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Technology transfer: Institutions, models, and impacts on agriculture and rural life in the developing world JF - Agriculture and Human Values Y1 - 1988 A1 - Joseph J. Molnar A1 - Curtis M. Jolly KW - community development KW - farming systems KW - rural development KW - technology transfer KW - transfer effort AB - Technology transfer is a multi-level process of communication involving a variety of senders and receivers of ideas and materials. As a response to market failure, or as an effort to accelerate market-driven social change, technology transfer may combine public and private aparatus or rely solely on public institutional mechanisms to identify, develop, and deliver innovations and information. Technology transfer institutions include universities, government ministries, research institutes, and what may be termed the 'project sector'. Four farm- and village-level change models are considered: traditional community development, adoption-diffusion, training and Visit Extension, and Farming Systems Research. The challenges to technology transfer efforts center on developing indigenous capacity to generate and adapt agricultural technology to local conditions. This is the primary objective of technology transfer in agriculture and the basis for advancing rural development. VL - 5 UR - http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02217173 IS - 1-2 N1 - This article from Agriculture and Human Values, 5 (1-2) listed independently. U1 - Agric Hum Values JO - Technology transfer ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Development approaches: General conclusions, recommendations and summary of the seven thematic studies Y1 - 1983 A1 - Moussa Ba A1 - Michel Lens A1 - Oscar Sarroca A1 - Bintou Simpore A1 - Bernard Van Doren KW - agroforestry KW - building techniques KW - fuelwood KW - grain storage KW - groundwater KW - oil- bearing crops KW - rural development KW - savings and credit KW - technical assistance AB -

The aim of this study is to describe the approaches which encourage or might encourage the development of rural societies in the Third World. The study brings out on the one hand the technologies at present used by these rural societies and their potential for improvement, and on the other hand the new technologies which they can integrate into their development process.

Using numerous examples of projects, often carried out by NGOs, we show how they act in developing old and new technologies, perfecting technical innovations and fitting them into the rural community. (author)

Summary of the seven thematic studies:

  1. reafforestation and fuelwood savings;
  2. wells and boreholds — replenishment of groundwater resources in the Sahel region;
  3. grain storage;
  4. processing of oil-bearing crops;
  5. alternative building techniques;
  6. metalworking; and
  7. village savings and credit schemes.
PB - COTA CY - Brussels, Belgium UR - http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18967554 U5 - 30 pp. JO - Development approaches ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strategies for enhancing the adoptability of agroforestry innovations JF - Agroforestry Systems Y1 - 1983 A1 - J. B. Raintree KW - agroforestry KW - innovation KW - population pressure KW - rural development KW - technology design AB - Agroforestry has been given a broad and hopeful mandate to assist in devising productive and sustainable systems of land management to meet the demographic and ecological challenges of mankind's somewhat uncertain future. As a new and explicity interdisciplinary field of applied scientific research and technological synthesis, agroforestry is in a unique position to benefit from recent advances in our understanding of the rural development process which, if properly integrated into the emerging paradigm for agroforestry research and development, will greatly enhance its chances of fulfilling its potential as a source of solutions to many interrelated problems of tropical land use. Drawing on lessons from the literature on the adoption and diffusion of innovations, a number of research strategies and design tactics are proposed by which agroforestry R & D teams may improve on their ability to generate relevant and adoptable technologies and, thus, stand a better chance of having the kind of practical impact on land use systems which is expected of agroforestry. VL - 1 UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00130606 IS - 3 U1 - Agroforest Syst ER -