TY - CHAP T1 - Agricultural systems on the floodplains of the Peruvian Amazon T2 - Fragile lands of Latin America: Strategies for sustainable development Y1 - 1989 A1 - Mário Hiraoka ED - John O. Browder KW - agroforestry KW - American Indians KW - climate KW - fallow KW - flora KW - local knowledge KW - Native Americans KW - Peru KW - rainfall KW - river KW - shifting cultivation KW - South America KW - swiddens AB - The "development" of Amazonia continues unabated. Governments sharing the basin are promoting the occupation of the region for reasons that range from land pressures occasioned by inequitable land tenure systems or population pressure, expansion of food and fiber production to meet domestic needs or foreign exchange earnings, to exploitation of natural resources. Development models, however, have been based on those extraneous to the region. This chapter explores those models and systems. (author) JF - Fragile lands of Latin America: Strategies for sustainable development T3 - Westview special studies in social, political, and economic development PB - Westview Press CY - Boulder, CO SN - 0-8133-7705-6 UR - http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18351601 N1 - Chapter 5 JO - Fragile lands of Latin America ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Elements of success: Sustainable development in sub-Saharan Africa T2 - World Resources 1987: An assessment of the resource base that supports the global economy Y1 - 1987 A1 - International Institute for the Environment and Development (IIED) A1 - World Resourses Institute (WRI) KW - agroforestry KW - alley cropping KW - Burkina Faso KW - cassava KW - charcoal KW - drought KW - fuelwood KW - green revolution KW - Kenya KW - maize KW - Niger KW - Nigeria KW - OXFAM KW - rainfall KW - reforestation KW - soil fertility KW - stoves KW - trypanosomiasis KW - water conservation KW - windbreaks KW - Zimbabwe AB - In recent years, Africa's farmers and herders, its soils and forests, have been chasing each other down a vicious spiral of environmental degradation and deepening poverty. Conventional development efforts by donors and governments have largely failed to halt the spiral, indeed in some cases have aggravated it. The need to find solutions is urgent. Africa not only must increase its energy and found output in line with rapidly expanding populations, but must do so in a way that preserves the resource base and enhances the welfare and income of the majority. Despite the general landscape of failure, a growing number of projects and programs -- governmental, intergovernmental, and nongovernmental -- have succeeded. This chapter examines some of those "success stories" and attempts to draw some more general lessons that can point to a "recipe for success" in sub-Saharan Africa. JF - World Resources 1987: An assessment of the resource base that supports the global economy PB - Basic Books CY - Washington, DC SN - 0-465-09239-X UR - https://www.wri.org/publication/world-resources-1987 N1 - Chapter 14 U5 - 18 pp. JO - Elements of success ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Improved production systems as an alternative to shifting cultivation T2 - FAO Soils Bulletin no. 53 Y1 - 1984 A1 - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Soil Resources, Management and Conservation Service KW - agricultural systems KW - agroecology KW - agroforestry KW - alley cropping KW - appropriate technology and intermediate technology KW - climate KW - farming systems KW - horticulture KW - livestock KW - rainfall KW - research KW - shifting cultivation KW - soil management KW - watersheds AB - Shifting cultivation, under its diverse forms of slash and burn systems, is a traditional method of cultivating tropical upland soils, mostly for subsistence purposes. During the rest or fallow periods intervening between crops, the natural fertility of the soil is restored for renewed utilization in a subsequent period of crop growth. This traditional system of cultivation is in ecological balance with the environment and does not irreversibly degrade the soil resource, provided a sufficient length of fallow is allowed for soil restoration. JF - FAO Soils Bulletin no. 53 PB - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations CY - Rome SN - 92-5-102121-X UR - http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11418879 ER -