Living fences in tropical America: A widespread agroforestry practice

The practice of using living fence posts to attach rows of barbed wire is widespread in tropical America although related scientific knowledge is relatively scarce. Besides holding wire, live fences produce fuelwood, fodder, and food, and act as windbreaks and protection for wildlife, but the greatest benefit is derived from the use of branches to establish more fences or to "fill in" old fences. Many trees are used, depending on ecological zones, availability of large cuttings for planting, and special needs dictated by preferences and beliefs of the farmers. Planting practices, studied in detail in Costa Rica, also vary. Advantages and drawbacks of living compared to non-living wood fences are discussed. Some speculations of future prospects and the possible involvement of scientists are advanced. (author)