The southern Mount Kenya forest since independence: A social analysis of resource competition

CIKARD file:
This paper investigates conflicts between small- and large-scale forest users, as well as between forestry and non-forestry uses of land, in the Mount Kenya Reserve in Kirinyaga District, Kenya. It questions the prevalent belief that local households and small-scale forest enterprises posed the most serious threat to sustained-yield management of the reserve. Instead, the paper argues that widespread forest destruction was associated with large-scale industrial and commercial development: the use of fuelwood by tea factories, the expansion of plantation forests, and the establishment of government tea revenue farms.

Science Direct Abstract:
Large forest reserves represent a long-standing state response to tropical forest destruction. There are, however, growing doubts about their effectiveness as sustainable resource management regimes. This case study uses a social and historical perspective to examine conflicts about the use and management of the Mount Kenya Reserve in Kirinyaga District, Kenya since independence in 1963. Official policies and practices have treated local households and small-scale forest enterprises as the most serious threat to the reserve. In contrast, the paper argues that forest degradation has long been associated with official mismanagement and government-sanctioned development activities. In addition, it suggests that planned and spontaneous conversion of woodlands accelerated in the mid-1980s largely because of the implementation of government plans to establish extensive forest plantations. The paper also discusses proposals by the local and national government to convert forest reserves into tea revenue farms.

World Development