The types of utilization

The purpose of this chapter is to examine different types of utilization of the forest ecosystems of the humid tropics, but excluding complete transformation to agro-ecosystems. Improved grassland will be discussed chiefly to demonstrate that it is possible to simplify the forest ecosystem to a certain degree, frequently in connection with tree crops, but without the intention of suggesting a research program. The farming or cropping of large wild mammals will not be discussed but will be mentioned in connection with wildlife management. Harvesting and product transport and the socio-economic aspects of development schemes (though their direct or indirect influence on utilization is considerable) will not be considered except for the necessity of research.