@article {122,
	title = {Ambient air pollution and emergency department visits for asthma: a multi-city assessment of effect modification by age},
	journal = {Journal of exposure science \& environmental epidemiology},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {180{\textendash}188},
	publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
	abstract = {Previous studies have found strong associations between asthma morbidity and major ambient air pollutants. Relatively little research has been conducted to assess whether age is a factor conferring susceptibility to air pollution-related asthma morbidity. We investigated the short-term relationships between asthma emergency department (ED) visits and ambient ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Atlanta (1993{\textendash}2009), Dallas (2006{\textendash}2009), and St. Louis (2001{\textendash}2007). City-specific daily time-series analyses were conducted to estimate associations by age group (0{\textendash}4, 5{\textendash}18, 19{\textendash}39, 40{\textendash}64, and 65+ years). Sub-analyses were performed stratified by race and sex. City-specific rate ratios (RRs) were combined by inverse-variance weighting to provide an overall association for each strata. The overall RRs differed across age groups, with associations for all pollutants consistently strongest for children aged 5{\textendash}18 years. The patterns of association across age groups remained generally consistent when models were stratified by sex and race, although the strong observed associations among 5{\textendash}18 year olds appeared to be partially driven by non-white and male patients. Our findings suggest that age is a susceptibility factor for asthma exacerbations in response to air pollution, with school-age children having the highest susceptibility.},
	keywords = {child exposure/health, criteria pollutants, epidemiology, population-based studies, pulmonary disease},
	doi = {10.1038/jes.2015.57},
	author = {Brooke A. Alhanti and Howard H. Chang and Winquist, Andrea and James A. Mulholland and Lyndsey A. Darrow and Stefanie Ebelt Sarnat}
}
